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Zhao M, Xiao Y, Chang Y, Tian L, Zhou Y, Liu S, Zhao H, Xiu Y. Methanol-involved heterogeneous transformation of ginsenoside Rb1 to rare ginsenosides using heteropolyacids embedded in mesoporous silica with HPLC-MS investigation. J Ginseng Res 2024; 48:366-372. [PMID: 39036734 PMCID: PMC11258378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The biological activity and pharmacological effects of rare ginsenosides have been proven to be superior to those of the major ginsenosides, but they are rarely found in ginseng. Methods Ginsenoside Rb1 was chemically transformed with the involvement of methanol molecules by a synthesized heterogeneous catalyst 12-HPW@MeSi, which was obtained by the immobilization of 12-phosphotungstic acid on a mesoporous silica framework. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was used to identify the transformation products. Results A total of 18 transformation products were obtained and identified. Methanol was found to be involved in the formation of 8 products formed by the addition of methanol molecules to the C-24 (25), C-20 (21) or C-20 (22) double bonds of the aglycone. The transformation pathways of ginsenoside Rb1 involved deglycosylation, addition, elimination, cycloaddition, and epimerization reactions. These pathways could be elucidated in terms of the stability of the generated carbenium ion. In addition, 12-HPW@MeSi was able to maintain a 60.5% conversion rate of Rb1 after 5 cycles. Conclusion Tandem and high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis allowed rapid and accurate identification of the transformation products through the characteristic fragment ions and neutral loss. Rare ginsenosides with methoxyl groups grafted at the C-25 and C-20 positions were obtained for the first time by chemical transformation using the composite catalyst 12-HPW@MeSi, which also enabled cyclic heterogeneous transformation and facile centrifugal separation of ginsenosides. This work provides an efficient and recyclable strategy for the preparation of rare ginsenosides with the involvement of organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengya Zhao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yusheng Xiao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yanyan Chang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Lu Tian
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yujiang Zhou
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Shuying Liu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Huanxi Zhao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Xiu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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Li ZY, Dai YX, Wu ZM, Li G, Pu PM, Hu CW, Zhou LY, Zhu K, Shu B, Wang YJ, Cui XJ, Yao M. Network pharmacology analysis and animal experiment validation of neuroinflammation inhibition by total ginsenoside in treating CSM. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 126:155073. [PMID: 38417244 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is a degenerative pathology that affects both upper and lower extremity mobility and sensory function, causing significant pressure on patients and society. Prior research has suggested that ginsenosides may have neuroprotective properties in central nervous system diseases. However, the efficacy and mechanism of ginsenosides for CSM have yet to be investigated. PURPOSE This study aims to analyze the composition of ginsenosides using UPLC-MS, identify the underlying mechanism of ginsenosides in treating CSM using network pharmacology, and subsequently confirm the efficacy and mechanism of ginsenosides in rats with chronic spinal cord compression. METHODS UPLC-Q-TOF-MS was utilized to obtain mass spectrum data of ginsenoside samples. The chemical constituents of the samples were analyzed by consulting literature reports and relevant databases. Ginsenoside and CSM targets were obtained from the TCMSP, OMIM, and GeneCards databases. GO and KEGG analyses were conducted, and a visualization network of ginsenosides-compounds-key targets-pathways-CSM was constructed, along with molecular docking of key bioactive compounds and targets, to identify the signaling pathways and proteins associated with the therapeutic effects of ginsenosides on CSM. Chronic spinal cord compression rats were intraperitoneally injected with ginsenosides (50 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg) and methylprednisolone for 28 days, and motor function was assessed to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of ginsenosides for CSM. The expression of proteins associated with TNF, IL-17, TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB, and NLRP3 signaling pathways was assessed by immunofluorescence staining and western blotting. RESULTS Using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS, 37 compounds were identified from ginsenoside samples. Furthermore, ginsenosides-compounds-key targets-pathways-CSM visualization network indicated that ginsenosides may modulate the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway and Apoptosis by targeting AKT1, TNF, MAPK1, CASP3, IL6, and IL1B, exerting a therapeutic effect on CSM. By attenuating neuroinflammation through the TNF, IL-17, TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB, and MAPK signaling pathways, ginsenosides restored the motor function of rats with CSM, and ginsenosides 150 mg/kg showed better effect. This was achieved by reducing the phosphorylation of NF-κB and the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. CONCLUSIONS The results of network pharmacology indicate that ginsenosides can inhibit neuroinflammation resulting from spinal cord compression through multiple pathways and targets. This finding was validated through in vivo tests, which demonstrated that ginsenosides can reduce neuroinflammation by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasomes via multiple signaling pathways, additionally, it should be noted that 150 mg/kg was a relatively superior dose. This study is the first to verify the intrinsic molecular mechanism of ginsenosides in treating CSM by combining pharmacokinetics, network pharmacology, and animal experiments. The findings can provide evidence for subsequent clinical research and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Yao Li
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Dai
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Ming Wu
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gan Li
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei-Min Pu
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cai-Wei Hu
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Long-Yun Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Aliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke Zhu
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Shu
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Jun Wang
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xue-Jun Cui
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Min Yao
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Wang Z, Sun X, Zhao Y, Ga L, Li Q, Li Q, Wang X, Yang C. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the bioactive components of "ginseng-polygala" drug pair against PC12 cell injury based on UHPLC-QTOF-MS and HPLC. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:949757. [PMID: 36569314 PMCID: PMC9780267 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.949757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aβ25-35-induced PC12 cells were used as the in vitro injury model to evaluate the effects on PC12 cells after intervention with the "ginseng-polygala" drug pair. The results showed that the drug pair could significantly increase cell activity and reduce the level of reactive oxygen species and the concentration of inflammatory factors to improve the Alzheimer's disease treatment process. Furthermore, to rapidly identify and classify complicated bioactive components of the drug pair, a liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry method combined with a molecular network strategy was established. With this strategy, 40 constituents were preliminarily identified and a database of the compounds was successfully established. Among them, 12 compounds of different categories were accurately identified by comparison with reference substances. The content of the aforementioned active components was simultaneously determined by HPLC to control the quality of compatible medicinal materials, and the verification results of the analytical method met the content determination requirements. The results revealed that after compatibility, the content change of the components is not the simple addition of quantity but the comprehensive effect of the two medicines. In conclusion, this study could provide a generally applicable strategy for pharmacological activity, structural identification, and content determination in traditional Chinese medicine and its compatibility.
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Li W, Wu X, Wu M, Yin J, Ding H, Wu T, Bie S, Li F, He Y, Han L, Yang W, Song X, Yu H, Li Z. Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled to ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry profiling and unveiling the transformation of ginsenosides by the dual conditions of citric acid and high-pressure steaming. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2022; 36:e9363. [PMID: 35902380 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Many methods have been reported for the production of rare ginsenosides, including heat treatment, acid hydrolysis, alkaline hydrolysis, enzymatic hydrolysis, and microbial transformation. However, the conversion of original ginsenosides to rare ginsenosides under the dual conditions of citric acid and high-pressure steam sterilization has rarely been reported. METHODS In this study, a method involving ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled to ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry was developed for analysis of chemical transformation of protopanaxatriol (PPT)-type ginsenosides Rg1 and Re, protopanaxadiol (PPD)-type ginsenoside Rb1 , and total ginsenosides in the dual conditions of citric acid and high-pressure steam sterilization. An internal ginsenoside database containing 126 known ginsenosides and 18 ginsenoside reference compounds was established to identify the transformation products and explore possible transformation pathways and mechanisms. RESULTS A total of 54 ginsenosides have been preliminarily identified in the transformation products of PPD-type ginsenosides Rg1 and Re, PPD-type ginsenoside Rb1 , and total ginsenosides, and the possible transformation pathways were as follows: Rg1 , Re → 20(S)-Rh12 , 20(R)-Rh12 ; Rg1 , Re → 20(S)-Rh1 , 20(R)-Rh1 → Rk3 , Rh4 , Rh5 ; Rb1 → gypenoside LXXV; Rb1 → 20(S)-Rg3 , 20(R)-Rg3 → Rk1 , Rg5 ; Re → 20(S)-Rg2 , 20(R)-Rg2 → 20(S)-Rf2 , 20(R)-Rf2 , Rg4 , F4 . CONCLUSIONS The results elucidated the possible transformation pathways and mechanisms of ginsenosides in the dual conditions of citric acid and high-pressure steam sterilization, which were helpful for revealing the mechanisms of ginsenosides and enhanced safety and quality control of pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. Meanwhile, a simple, efficient, and practical method was developed for the production of rare ginsenosides, which has the potential to produce diverse rare ginsenosides on an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin, China
| | - Xinlong Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin, China
| | - Mengfan Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin, China
| | - Jiaxin Yin
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Ding
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin, China
| | - Tong Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin, China
| | - Songtao Bie
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin, China
| | - Fangyi Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin, China
| | - Yongzhi He
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin, China
| | - Lifeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin, China
| | - Wenzhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin, China
| | - Xinbo Song
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin, China
| | - Heshui Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin, China
| | - Zheng Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin, China
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Fan W, Yang Y, Li L, Fan L, Wang Z, Yang L. Mass spectrometry-based profiling and imaging strategy, a fit-for-purpose tool for unveiling the transformations of ginsenosides in Panax notoginseng during processing. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 103:154223. [PMID: 35700628 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Panax notoginseng, a valuable medicinal plant, is traditionally used to treat trauma, body pain, and cardiovascular diseases in two clinical forms including raw (crude) and processed form. Processing-triggered compound transformation is responsible for the distinct bioactivity between raw and processed Panax notoginseng. Nevertheless, investigating the chemical diversity and dynamic transformation pattern of processed Panax notoginseng is challenging. METHODS A new approach, which integrates multi-components characterization, processing trajectory depiction, discovery of differential markers, transformation mechanism of metabolites, in situ spatial distribution and transformation of metabolites, was established to elucidate the role of processing on the holistic chemical transformations of Panax notoginseng (PN). RESULTS In this study, 136 ginsenosides (mainly rare ginsenosides) were identified or tentatively characterized and the temperature-dependent chemical variation trajectory was depicted via principal component analysis (PCA). Nineteen processing-associated markers were confirmed by orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). For the first time, the transformation pathway of ginsenosides during processing were elucidated by integrating the precursor ion scan (PIS) and mimic processing strategy that involves with deglycosylation, dehydration, hydration, acetylation, and isomerization. Results of mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) revealed the major ginsenosides M-Rb1, R1, Rg1, Rb1, Rd, and Re exhibited distinct spatial distribution pattern that are highly abundant in the xylem and showed a downward trend during processing. We firstly depicted the spatial distribution of processing-triggered rare ginsenosides (Rg3, Rk1, Rg5, etc.), and in situ transformation of ginsenosides was discovered in the process of steaming. Additionally, this variation trend was consistent with untargeted metabolomics results. CONCLUSION This study comprehensively revealed chemical diversity and dynamic transformation pattern and depicted the spatial distribution of ginsenosides of PN during processing. It could provide a clue for the distinct bioactivities between raw and processed PN and elucidate the role of processing on the holistic chemical transformations of natural products, more importantly, the proposed strategy is valuable for the quality evaluation and control of the processing of natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiang Fan
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yuangui Yang
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization/State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation) /Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, China
| | - Linnan Li
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Linhong Fan
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Li Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Chen S, Feng R, Lin X, Liang T, He Q. [Determination of nine ginsenosides in health foods by solid extraction phase-ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry]. Se Pu 2021; 39:526-533. [PMID: 34227337 PMCID: PMC9404150 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2020.04028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
建立了以固相萃取结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)同时检测保健食品中9种原人参二醇型和原人参三醇型人参皂苷的方法。保健食品中人参皂苷经过提取后,通过Alumina-N/XAD-2 SPE柱净化,在Hypersil Gold C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.9 μm)上分离,利用乙酸铵溶液(含0.1%甲酸)和乙腈作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用负离子扫描,多反应监测模式测定,外标法定量。研究通过对不同填料的固相萃取小柱的考察,最终选择了Alumina-N/XAD-2复合填料,其能对保健食品复杂基质中的人参皂苷进行有效富集和净化;通过考察人参皂苷的电离裂解过程,确定人参皂苷一级质谱准分子离子和相应的碎片离子,并经过色谱条件的优化,使质谱条件下一级质谱准分子离子和相应的碎片离子均一致的3种原人参二醇型人参皂苷Rb2、Rb3、Rc同分异构体实现完全分离。结果表明,9种人参皂苷在0.005~0.5 μg/mL范围内具有很好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.9950。方法的加标回收率为81.1%~114.2%,相对标准偏差为0.4%~8.0%。所建立的方法采用XAD-2大孔吸附树脂和中性氧化铝的复合固相萃取材料,保健食品经过简单提取可直接作为固相萃取的上样溶液进行人参皂苷的富集和净化,通过超高效液相色谱-串联质谱不仅缩短了分析时间,也能对复杂基质样品中含量相对较低的人参皂苷进行准确定性和定量。该方法通量高,简单快速,重复性好,适用于保健食品中9种人参皂苷的定性和定量分析。
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Affiliation(s)
- Shudong Chen
- Guangdong Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510640, China.,Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Rui Feng
- Guangdong Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaojia Lin
- Guangzhou Inspection Testing and Certification Group Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 511447, China
| | - Tujin Liang
- Guangdong Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qiuting He
- Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
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Thermal transformation of polar into less-polar ginsenosides through demalonylation and deglycosylation in extracts from ginseng pulp. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1513. [PMID: 33452317 PMCID: PMC7810680 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81079-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to qualitatively and quantitatively elucidate dynamic changes of ginsenosides in ginseng pulp steamed under different temperatures (100 or 120 °C) for different durations (1-6 h) through UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS and HPLC with the aid of as numerous as 18 authentic standards of ginsenosides. Results show that levels of eight polar ginsenosides (i.e., Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rc, Rb2, Rb3, F1, and Rd) declined but those of 10 less-polar ginsenosides [i.e., Rf, Rg2, 20(S)-Rh1, 20(R)-Rg2, F4, 20(S)-Rg3, 20(R)-Rg3, PPT, Rg5, and 20(R)-Rh2] elevated with increases of both steaming temperature and duration; the optimum steaming conditions for achieving the highest total ginsenosides were 100 °C for 1 h. Particular, 20(R)-Rg3, a representative less-polar ginsenoside with high bioactivity such as potent anti-cancer effect, increased sharply but Re, the most abundant polar ginsenoside in fresh ginseng pulp, decreased dramatically. More importantly, ginsenoside species enhanced from 18 to 42 after steaming, mainly due to transformation of polar into less-polar ginsenosides. Furthermore, four malonyl-ginsenosides were detected in fresh ginseng pulps and ten acetyl-ginsenosides were formed during steaming, demonstrating that demalonylation and acetylation of ginsenosides were the dominant underling mechanisms for transformation of polar into less-polar ginsenosides.
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Huang LF, Tian LX, Li JH, Zhang L, Ahmad B. Discrimination of five species of Panax genus and their geographical origin using electronic tongue combined with chemometrics. WORLD JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/wjtcm.wjtcm_80_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Li Q, Liu R, Zhu LL, Yu CY, Shuai YP, Sun LL, Bi KS. Quantitative evaluation of the compatibility effects of aidi injection on the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma using targeted metabolomics: A new strategy on the mechanism study of an anticancer compound in traditional chinese medicine. WORLD JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/wjtcm.wjtcm_86_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Razgonova M, Zakharenko A, Shin TS, Chung G, Golokhvast K. Supercritical CO 2 Extraction and Identification of Ginsenosides in Russian and North Korean Ginseng by HPLC with Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25061407. [PMID: 32204525 PMCID: PMC7144364 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginseng roots, Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, obtained from cultivated ginseng grown in the Kaesong province (North Korea) and Primorye (Russia) were extracted using the supercritical CO2 extraction method. The extracts were subsequently analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry identification. The results showed the spectral peaks of typical ginsenosides with some other minor groups, and major differences were observed between the spectra of the two ginseng samples. The use of a pressure of 400 bar and higher allowed an increase in the yield of ginsenosides in comparison with similar previous studies
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayya Razgonova
- SEC Nanotechnology, Engineering school, Far Eastern Federal University, 690091 Vladivostok, Russia; (M.R.); (K.G.)
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, 190000 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander Zakharenko
- SEC Nanotechnology, Engineering school, Far Eastern Federal University, 690091 Vladivostok, Russia; (M.R.); (K.G.)
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, 190000 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-9146-681-935
| | - Tai-Sun Shin
- Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
| | - Gyuhwa Chung
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea;
| | - Kirill Golokhvast
- SEC Nanotechnology, Engineering school, Far Eastern Federal University, 690091 Vladivostok, Russia; (M.R.); (K.G.)
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, 190000 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Pacific Institute of Geography, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
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Yang Y, Ju Z, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Yang L, Wang Z. Phytochemical analysis of Panax species: a review. J Ginseng Res 2020; 45:1-21. [PMID: 33437152 PMCID: PMC7790905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2019.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Panax species have gained numerous attentions because of their various biological effects on cardiovascular, kidney, reproductive diseases known for a long time. Recently, advanced analytical methods including thin layer chromatography, high-performance thin layer chromatography, gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with tandem ultraviolet, diode array detector, evaporative light scattering detector, and mass detector, two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography, high speed counter-current chromatography, high speed centrifugal partition chromatography, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, high-performance anion-exchange chromatography, ambient ionization mass spectrometry, molecularly imprinted polymer, enzyme immunoassay, 1H-NMR, and infrared spectroscopy have been used to identify and evaluate chemical constituents in Panax species. Moreover, Soxhlet extraction, heat reflux extraction, ultrasonic extraction, solid phase extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, enzyme-assisted extraction, acceleration solvent extraction, matrix solid phase dispersion extraction, and pulsed electric field are discussed. In this review, a total of 219 articles published from 1980 to 2018 are investigated. Panax species including P. notoginseng, P. quinquefolius, sand P. ginseng in the raw and processed forms from different parts, geographical origins, and growing times are studied. Furthermore, the potential biomarkers are screened through the previous articles. It is expected that the review can provide a fundamental for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuangui Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Zhengcai Ju
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Yingbo Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Yanhai Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Li Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China.,Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China.,Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, China
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12
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Zhang P, Zhang L, Shi J, Zhang N, Li Y, Wu T, Cheng Z. TLC-electrostatic field induced spray ionization-MS analysis of diverse structural skeletons and its coupling with TLC bioautography for characterization of lipase inhibitory components in American ginseng. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 174:486-494. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Chen J, Tan M, Zou L, Liu X, Chen S, Shi J, Chen C, Wang C, Mei Y. Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of the Saponins in Panacis Japonici Rhizoma Using Ultra-Fast Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Triple Quadrupole-Time of Flight Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Ultra-Fast Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Triple Quadrupole-Linear Ion Trap Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2019; 67:839-848. [PMID: 31366833 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c19-00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Panacis Japonici Rhizoma (PJR) contains various kinds of saponins, which possesses extensive pharmacological activities, but studies of comprehensive analysis of its saponins were limited. Thus, ultra-fast liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole-time of flight tandem mass spectrometry (UFLC-Triple TOF-MS/MS) and ultra-fast liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole-linear ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (UFLC-QTRAP-MS/MS) methods were established for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the saponins in PJR, separately. Fifty three saponins in PJR were identified by UFLC-Triple TOF-MS/MS method, 23 saponins of which were unequivocally identified by reference substances. In addition, fragmentation pathways of different types of saponins were preliminarily deduced by fragmentation behavior of 53 saponins. Furthermore, the simultaneous determination of the contents of 13 saponins in PJR samples harvested at different times were analyzed by UFLC-QTRAP-MS/MS method. Furthermore, the quality of the samples was evaluated by grey relational analysis. This study might be beneficial to the quality assessment and control of PJR. Meanwhile, it might provide the basic information for confirming its optimal harvested period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Mengxia Tan
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Lisi Zou
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Xunhong Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Shuyu Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Jingjing Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Cuihua Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
| | | | - Yuqi Mei
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
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14
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Luo X, Chen X, Shen X, Yang Z, Du G. Rapid identification and analysis of the active components of traditional Chinese medicine Xiaoxuming decoction for ischemic stroke treatment by integrating UPLC-Q-TOF/MS and RRLC-QTRAP MSn method. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1124:313-322. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Wang P, Li K, Tao Y, Li D, Zhang Y, Xu H, Yang H. TCM-ADMEpred: A novel strategy for poly-pharmacokinetics prediction of traditional Chinese medicine based on single constituent pharmacokinetics, structural similarity, and mathematical modeling. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 236:277-287. [PMID: 30826421 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Yuanhu Zhitong prescription (YZP) is a commonly used and relatively simple clinical herb preparation recorded in the China Pharmacopoeia. It contains Corydalis yanhusuo (Chinese name, Yanhusuo [YH]) and Angelica dahurica (Hoffm.) (Chinese name, Baizhi [BZ]), and has a long history of use in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for the treatment of stomach pain, hypochondriac pain, headache, and dysmenorrhea. AIM OF THE STUDY A TCM-ADMEpred method is developed for novel strategy for poly-pharmacokinetics prediction of TCM. To predict the pharmacokinetic characteristics of the main YZP constituents in rat plasma using in silico models, based on the theory that structurally similar constituents show similar pharmacokinetic properties. This approach may facilitate in silico prediction of the pharmacokinetics of TCM. MATERIALS AND METHODS A robust platform using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of seven active YZP constituents in rat plasma. These seven compounds were divided into two structural classes, alkaloids and coumarins. The correlation between AUC profiles within a structural class was expressed as Γ+, and this variable was used to develop two novel in silico models to predict constituent AUC values. The pharmacokinetics of tetrahydropalmatine, tetrahydroberberine, and corydaline following YZP administration were predicted using the Γ+-values of α-allocryptopine observed following YH administration, while those of imperatorin and isoimperatorin following BZ administration were predicted using the Γ+-values of byakangelicin observed following YZP administration. RESULTS The UPLC-ESI-MS/MS method was successfully used to evaluate pharmacokinetic parameters after oral YZP, YH, or BZ administration. Our findings showed that co-administration of YH and BZ increased the AUC of four alkaloid constituents and reduced the AUC of three coumarin constituents, which might provide a scientific rationale for co-administering these herbs clinically as a YZP preparation, thus increasing their efficacy and reducing toxicity. The AUC values of imperatorin and isoimperatorin were predicted 3 h after oral BZ administration, with the bias ratios between the theoretical values and the observed experimental values ranging from 0.61% to 11.4%, and average bias ratios of 5.8% and 8.0%, respectively. The AUC values of tetrahydropalmatine, tetrahydroberberine, and corydaline were predicted 3 h after oral YZP administration, with bias ratios ranging from 3.7% to 46.4%, and average bias ratios of 23.8%, 15.4%, and 25.8%, respectively. CONCLUSION The UPLC-ESI-MS/MS method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic evaluations after oral administration of YZP, YH, and BZ to rats. The Γ+ variable was used to express the correlation between the AUC profiles of structurally similar compounds. This facilitated the development of an in silico model that was used to predict the AUC of three alkaloids in YZP and of two coumarins in BZ. Calculation of the bias ratios between the predicted and experimental values suggested that this in silico model provided a viable approach for the prediction of TCM pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Ke Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Automotive Electronic Technology, Institute of Automation, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Ye Tao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Defeng Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Haiyu Xu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China; Shaanxi Institute of International Trade & Commerce, Xianyang 712046, PR China.
| | - Hongjun Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
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Ma C, Guan H, Ju Z, Li S, Deng G, Zhang Y, Lin Q, Cheng X, Yang L, Wang Z, Wang C. Identification and characterization of forced degradation products and stability-indicating assay for notoginsenosidefc by using UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS and UHPLC-MS/MS: Insights into stability profile and degradation pathways. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:1550-1563. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201801295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ma
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Huida Guan
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Zhengcai Ju
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Shuping Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Gang Deng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Yunpeng Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Qiyan Lin
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Xuemei Cheng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine; Shanghai P. R. China
- Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Li Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine; Shanghai P. R. China
- Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine; Shanghai P. R. China
- Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Changhong Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine; Shanghai P. R. China
- Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines; Shanghai P. R. China
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Li K, Wang L, Zhou R, Fan H, Sui J. Amelioration of alcohol-induced liver injury in mice by ginsenosides in ginseng wine. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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18
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Zhou QL, Zhu DN, Yang XW, Xu W, Wang YP. Development and validation of a UFLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantification of sixty-six saponins and their six aglycones: Application to comparative analysis of red ginseng and white ginseng. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 159:153-165. [PMID: 29990881 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A new and sensitive ultra fast liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UFLC-MS/MS) method was developed to evaluate the quality of Red ginseng (RG) and to find out its chemical markers by comparing with multi-batches of RG and white ginseng (WG). This innovative method could quantify sixty-six saponins and their six aglycones including 10 pairs of 20(S) and 20(R) epimers within 35 min simultaneously. All compounds could be determined in individual multiple-reaction monitoring channel without interference, and the optimized method was rapid, accurate, precise, reproducible and efficient. Using the orthogonal partial least squared discriminant analysis, ginsenosides Rg5, Rh4, Rk1, Rs4, F4, and 20(S)-Rg3 were found to be the characteristic components of RG, the six compounds should be suggested as quality control markers to distinguish RG from WG. These findings will be significant for standardizing the processing procedures of RG and ensuring the consistent quality, as well as consequently the efficacy of RG in clinical applications. Results will be helpful in providing crucial chemical profiles of RG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Le Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China; Beijing Institute of Nutritional Resources, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Di-Na Zhu
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100088, China; College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xiu-Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ying-Ping Wang
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112, China
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He SM, Liang YL, Cong K, Chen G, Zhao X, Zhao QM, Zhang JJ, Wang X, Dong Y, Yang JL, Zhang GH, Qian ZL, Fan W, Yang SC. Identification and Characterization of Genes Involved in Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloid Biosynthesis in Coptis Species. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:731. [PMID: 29915609 PMCID: PMC5995273 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The dried rhizomes of Coptis chinensis have been extensively used in heat clearing, dampness drying, fire draining, and detoxification by virtue of their major bioactive components, benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs). However, C. teeta and C. chinensis are occasionally interchanged, and current understanding of the molecular basis of BIA biosynthesis in these two species is limited. Here, berberine, coptisine, jatrorrhizine, and palmatine were detected in two species, and showed the highest contents in the roots, while epiberberine were found only in C. chinensis. Comprehensive transcriptome analysis of the roots and leaves of C. teeta and C. chinensis, respectively, identified 53 and 52 unigenes encoding enzymes potentially involved in BIA biosynthesis. By integrating probable biosynthetic pathways for BIAs, the jatrorrhizine biosynthesis ill-informed previously was further characterized. Two genes encoding norcoclaurine/norlaudanosoline 6-O-methyltransferases (Cc6OMT1 and Cc6OMT2) and one gene encoding norcoclaurine-7OMT (Ct7OMT) catalyzed enzymatically O-methylate (S)-norcoclaurine at C6 that yield (S)-coclaurine, along with a smaller amount of O-methylation occurred at C7, thereby forming its isomer (isococlaurine). In addition, scoulerine 9-OMT (CtSOMT) was determined to show strict substrate specificity, targeting (S)-scoulerine to yield (S)-tetrahydrocolumbamine. Taken together, the integration of the transcriptome and enzyme activity assays further provides new insight into molecular mechanisms underlying BIA biosynthesis in plants and identifies candidate genes for the study of synthetic biology in microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Mei He
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yan-Li Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Kun Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Geng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Qi-Ming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jia-Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yang Dong
- Province Key Laboratory, Biological Big Data College, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jian-Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guang-Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhi-Long Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Sheng-Chao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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Li X, Yao F, Fan H, Li K, Sun L, Liu Y. Intraconversion of Polar Ginsenosides, Their Transformation into Less-Polar Ginsenosides, and Ginsenoside Acetylation in Ginseng Flowers upon Baking and Steaming. Molecules 2018; 23:E759. [PMID: 29587462 PMCID: PMC6017459 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Heating is a traditional method used in ginseng root processing, however, there aren't reports on differences resulting from baking and steaming. Moreover, ginseng flowers, with 5.06 times more total saponins than ginseng root, are not fully taken advantage of for their ginsenosides. Transformation mechanisms of ginsenosides in ginseng flowers upon baking and steaming were thus explored. HPLC using authentic standards of 20 ginsenosides and UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS were used to quantify and identify ginsenosides, respectively, in ginseng flowers baked or steamed at different temperatures and durations. Results show that baking and steaming caused a 3.2-fold increase in ginsenoside species existed in unheated ginseng flowers (20/64 ginsenosides) and transformation of a certain amount of polar ginsenosides into numerous less polar ginsenosides. Among the 20 ginsenosides with standards, polar ginsenosides were abundant in ginseng flowers baked or steamed at lower temperatures, whereas less polar ginsenosides occurred and were enriched at higher temperatures. Furthermore, the two types of heating treatments could generate mostly similar ginsenosides, but steaming was much efficient than baking in transforming polar- into less polar ginsenosides, with steaming at 120 °C being comparably equivalent to baking at 150 °C. Moreover, both the two heating methods triggered ginsenoside acetylation and thus caused formation of 16 acetylginsenosides. Finally, a new transformation mechanism concerning acetyl-ginsenosides formation was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Qinghuadonglu No. 35, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Fan Yao
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Qinghuadonglu No. 35, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China.
- Beijing Beilin Advanced Eco-environmental Protection Technology Institute Co. Ltd., Qinghuadonglu No. 35, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Hang Fan
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Qinghuadonglu No. 35, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China.
- Beijing Beilin Advanced Eco-environmental Protection Technology Institute Co. Ltd., Qinghuadonglu No. 35, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Ke Li
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Qinghuadonglu No. 35, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Liwei Sun
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Qinghuadonglu No. 35, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yujun Liu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Qinghuadonglu No. 35, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China.
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21
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Sheng N, Zheng H, Xiao Y, Wang Z, Li M, Zhang J. Chiral separation and chemical profile of Dengzhan Shengmai by integrating comprehensive with multiple heart-cutting two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1517:97-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Analysis of NaoMaiTong Metabolites Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography/High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry in Rat Urine. Chromatographia 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-017-3363-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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23
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Mass Spectrometry Based Profiling and Imaging of Various Ginsenosides from Panax ginseng Roots at Different Ages. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061114. [PMID: 28538661 PMCID: PMC5485938 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Panax ginseng root is one of the most important herbal products, and the profiling of ginsenosides is critical for the quality control of ginseng roots at different ages in the herbal markets. Furthermore, interest in assessing the contents as well as the localization of biological compounds has been growing. The objective of this study is to carry out the mass spectrometry (MS)-based profiling and imaging of ginsenosides to assess ginseng roots at different ages; (2) Methods: Optimal ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time of flight/MS (UPLC-QTOF/MS) was used to profile various ginsenosides from P. ginseng roots. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI)-time of flight (TOF)/MS-based imaging was also optimized to visualize ginsenosides in ginseng roots; (3) Results: UPLC-QTOF/MS was used to profile 30 ginsenosides with high mass accuracy, with an in-house library constructed for the fast and exact identification of ginsenosides. Using this method, the levels of 14 ginsenosides were assessed in P. ginseng roots cultivated for 4, 5, and 6 years. The optimal MALDI-imaging MS (IMS) was also applied to visualize the 14 ginsenosides in ginseng roots. As a result, the MSI cross sections showed the localization of 4 ginsenoside ions ([M + K]⁺) in P. ginseng roots at different ages; (4) Conclusions: The contents and localization of various ginsenosides differ depending on the cultivation years of P. ginseng roots. Furthermore, this study demonstrated the utility of MS-based profiling and imaging of ginsenosides for the quality control of ginseng roots.
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Nontargeted metabolomics approach for the differentiation of cultivation ages of mountain cultivated ginseng leaves using UHPLC/QTOF-MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 141:108-122. [PMID: 28437718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The adulteration or falsification of the cultivation age of mountain cultivated ginseng (MCG) has been a serious problem in the commercial MCG market. To develop an efficient discrimination tool for the cultivation age and to explore potential age-dependent markers, an optimized ultra high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/QTOF-MS)-based metabolomics approach was applied in the global metabolite profiling of 156 MCG leaf (MGL) samples aged from 6 to 18 years. Multivariate statistical methods such as principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were used to compare the derived patterns between MGL samples of different cultivation ages. The present study demonstrated that 6-18-year-old MGL samples can be successfully discriminated using two simple successive steps, together with four PLS-DA discrimination models. Furthermore, 39 robust age-dependent markers enabling differentiation among the 6-18-year-old MGL samples were discovered. The results were validated by a permutation test and an external test set to verify the predictability and reliability of the established discrimination models. More importantly, without destroying the MCG roots, the proposed approach could also be applied to discriminate MCG root ages indirectly, using a minimum amount of homophyletic MGL samples combined with the established four PLS-DA models and identified markers. Additionally, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in which 6-18-year-old MCG root ages have been nondestructively differentiated by analyzing homophyletic MGL samples using UHPLC/QTOF-MS analysis and two simple successive steps together with four PLS-DA models. The method developed in this study can be used as a standard protocol for discriminating and predicting MGL ages directly and homophyletic MCG root ages indirectly.
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25
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Stavrianidi A, Stekolshchikova E, Porotova A, Rodin I, Shpigun O. Combination of HPLC–MS and QAMS as a new analytical approach for determination of saponins in ginseng containing products. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 132:87-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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26
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Yuan J, Chen Y, Liang J, Wang CZ, Liu X, Yan Z, Tang Y, Li J, Yuan CS. Component analysis and target cell-based neuroactivity screening of Panax ginseng by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1038:1-11. [PMID: 27776327 PMCID: PMC5130230 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Ginseng is one of the most widely used natural medicines in the world. Recent studies have suggested Panax ginseng has a wide range of beneficial effects on aging, central nervous system disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. However, knowledge about the specific bioactive components of ginseng is still limited. This work aimed to screen for the bioactive components in Panax ginseng that act against neurodegenerative diseases, using the target cell-based bioactivity screening method. Firstly, component analysis of Panax ginseng extracts was performed by UPLC-QTOF-MS, and a total of 54 compounds in white ginseng were characterized and identified according to the retention behaviors, accurate MW, MS characteristics, parent nucleus, aglycones, side chains, and literature data. Then target cell-based bioactivity screening method was developed to predict the candidate compounds in ginseng with SH-SY5Y cells. Four ginsenosides, Rg2, Rh1, Ro, and Rd, were observed to be active. The target cell-based bioactivity screening method coupled with UPLC-QTOF-MS technique has suitable sensitivity and it can be used as a screening tool for low content bioactive constituents in natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China; Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Yang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Jian Liang
- Research Center for the Resourcing of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Minority Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 33004, China
| | - Chong-Zhi Wang
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Xiaofei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Zhihong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Yi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Jiankang Li
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Chun-Su Yuan
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
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27
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Liang X, Xu Q. Separation and identification of phenolic compounds in Bidens pilosa
L. by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:1853-62. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianrui Liang
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou China
| | - Qiao Xu
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou China
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28
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Xiu Y, Zhao H, Gao Y, Liu W, Liu S. Chemical transformation of ginsenoside Re by a heteropoly acid investigated using HPLC-MSn/HRMS. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj01702a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism and pathway of heteropoly acid-derived chemical transformation of ginsenoside Re are investigated using multistage tandem mass spectrometry and high-resolution mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xiu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine
- Changchun 130117
- P. R. China
| | - Huanxi Zhao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine
- Changchun 130117
- P. R. China
| | - Yue Gao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine
- Changchun 130117
- P. R. China
| | - Wenlong Liu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine
- Changchun 130117
- P. R. China
| | - Shuying Liu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine
- Changchun 130117
- P. R. China
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
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29
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Chen Y, Yu H, Wu H, Pan Y, Wang K, Liu L, Jin Y, Zhang C. A Novel Reduplicate Strategy for Tracing Hemostatic Compounds from Heating Products of the Flavonoid Extract in Platycladi cacumen by Spectrum-Effect Relationships and Column Chromatography. Molecules 2015; 20:16970-86. [PMID: 26393545 PMCID: PMC6332512 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200916970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Platycladi cacumen and its processed product have been utilized as a Chinese medicine to treat hemorrhages. In this study, the base peak chromatogram fingerprints of heating products of total flavonoids in Platycladi cacumen were established by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy/mass spectroscopy (HPLC-MS/MS), and the hemostatic activities were studied by hemostatic screening tests in vivo. The spectrum-effect relationships between fingerprints and hemostatic activities were analyzed by using canonical correlation analysis to trace the peaks responsible for the significant hemostatic effects. Peak 10 and peak 12 were correlated most closely, thus probably being the main hemostatic compounds. To confirm the reliability of this strategy, the targeted unknown peak was obtained by bioactivity-guided isolation, characterized by MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and 2D-NMR spectroscopies, and referred to as cecarbon as a new compound. In addition, the isolated compound exhibited hemostatic effect in a dose-dependent manner with different potencies in vitro and existed in Platycladi cacumen Carbonisatus. A novel dereplication strategy was employed to trace and identify the active compounds of other herbs that have bioactivity enhancement after processing using spectrum–effect relationships and column chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeqing Chen
- School of pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Hongli Yu
- School of pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Hao Wu
- School of pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yaozong Pan
- School of pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Kuilong Wang
- School of pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Liping Liu
- School of pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yangping Jin
- School of pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Chengchao Zhang
- School of pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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30
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Masullo M, Montoro P, Mari A, Pizza C, Piacente S. Medicinal plants in the treatment of women's disorders: Analytical strategies to assure quality, safety and efficacy. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 113:189-211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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