1
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Li W, Yang X, Chen Q, Wang Z, Duan Y, Chen L. Monitoring levetiracetam concentration in saliva during pregnancy is stable and feasible. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14827. [PMID: 38992878 PMCID: PMC11239326 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS This multicenter prospective cohort study (registration no. ChiCTR2000032089) aimed to investigate the relationship between saliva and plasma levetiracetam concentrations to determine whether saliva could be used for routine monitoring of levetiracetam during pregnancy. METHODS The slot concentrations of levetiracetam in simultaneously obtained saliva and plasma samples were measured using UPLC-MS/MS. The correlations between saliva and plasma levetiracetam concentrations and the dose-normalized concentrations were compared among pregnant women in different stages and nonpregnant control participants with epilepsy. RESULTS In total, 231 patients with 407 plasma and saliva sample pairs were enrolled from 39 centers. Linear relationships between salivary and plasma levetiracetam concentrations were reported in the enrolled population (r = 0.898, p < 0.001), including pregnant (r = 0.935, p < 0.001) and nonpregnant participants (r = 0.882, p < 0.001). Plasma concentrations were moderately higher than saliva concentrations, with ratios of saliva to plasma concentrations of 0.98 for nonpregnant women, 0.98, 1, and 1.12 for pregnant women during the first trimester, the second trimester, the and third trimester, respectively. The effective range of saliva levetiracetam concentration was found to be 9.98 μg/mL (lower limit) with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.937 (95% confidence intervals, 0.915-0.959), sensitivity of 88.9%, specificity of 86.8%, and p < 0.001, to 24.05 μg/mL (upper limit) with an AUC of 0.952 (0.914-0.99), sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 92.3%, and p = 0.007. CONCLUSION The saliva/plasma concentration ratio of levetiracetam remains constant during pregnancy and is similar to that in non-pregnant individuals. Monitoring levetiracetam concentration in saliva during pregnancy should be widely promoted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanling Li
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ximeng Yang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Center of Biostatistics, Design, Measurement and Evaluation, Department of Clinical Research Management, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenlei Wang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Clinical Trial Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yifei Duan
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Clinical Research Management, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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2
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Zailani NNB, Ho PCL. Dried Blood Spots-A Platform for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) and Drug/Disease Response Monitoring (DRM). Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2023; 48:467-494. [PMID: 37495930 PMCID: PMC10480258 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-023-00846-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
This review provides an overview on the current applications of dried blood spots (DBS) as matrices for therapeutic drug (TDM) and drug or disease response monitoring (DRM). Compared with conventional methods using plasma/serum, DBS offers several advantages, including minimally invasiveness, a small blood volume requirement, reduced biohazardous risk, and improved sample stability. Numerous assays utilising DBS for TDM have been reported in the literature over the past decade, covering a wide range of therapeutic drugs. Several factors can affect the accuracy and reliability of the DBS sampling method, including haematocrit (HCT), blood volume, sampling paper and chromatographic effects. It is crucial to evaluate the correlation between DBS concentrations and conventional plasma/serum concentrations, as the latter has traditionally been used for clinical decision. The feasibility of using DBS sampling method as an option for home-based TDM is also discussed. Furthermore, DBS has also been used as a matrix for monitoring the drug or disease responses (DRM) through various approaches such as genotyping, viral load measurement, assessment of inflammatory factors, and more recently, metabolic profiling. Although this research is still in the development stage, advancements in technology are expected to lead to the identification of surrogate biomarkers for drug treatment in DBS and a better understanding of the correlation between DBS drug levels and drug responses. This will make DBS a valuable matrix for TDM and DRM, facilitating the achievement of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic correlations and enabling personalised therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Nabihah Binte Zailani
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Paul Chi-Lui Ho
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Level 5, Building 2, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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3
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Shi M, Zheng X, Lu D, Duan X, Wang Y, Liu Y, Xue H, Yin L. Ultrafast and high-throughput quantitative analysis of carbamazepine in human plasma by direct analysis in real time tandem mass spectrometry coupled with solid phase extraction to eliminate matrix effects. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 214:114751. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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4
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Nowak PM, Mitoraj M, Sagan F, Wietecha-Posłuszny R. Differentiation of isomeric metabolites of carbamazepine based on acid-base properties; Experimental vs theoretical approach. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1651:462275. [PMID: 34090055 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Metabolism of carbamazepine is complex and leads to the three isomeric derivatives whose occurrence is dependent on the type of sample material. Their unambiguous differentiation is overall important. In this work, the qualitative analysis of 2-hydroxycarbamazepine, 3-hydroxycrbamazepine and carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide was attempted for the first time using capillary zone electrophoresis, based on the models linking electrophoretic mobility with pKa value determining the acidity of the hydroxyl groups. For this purpose, pKa values were determined using electrophoretic and theoretical methods, and then the compliance of the obtained mobility models with the measured values was analyzed. Despite the slight difference in acidity (0.3-0.4 pH unit), the obtained results prove that the correct identification of the metabolites under consideration, and reliable prediction of the selectivity of their separation, are possible on the basis of experimentally determined pKa values, even with highly simplified methods assuming the lack of certain data. However, it is important to choose the optimal pH value, which should be close to pKa. On the other hand, worse results were obtained for the theoretically determined mobilities, which differed significantly from the experimental values. An attempt was also made to explain the acidity of hydroxycarbamazepines and the associated thermodynamic parameters - deprotonation enthalpy and entropy, with respect to their structure. The lack of intramolecular hydrogen bonds and the significant contribution of entropic effects stabilizing the protonated form seems to be significant. The higher pKa value for CBZ-2-OH probably results from the stronger effect of the energetically unfavorable organization of solvent dipoles due to ionization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Mateusz Nowak
- Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gronostajowa St. 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Mariusz Mitoraj
- Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Gronostajowa St. 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Filip Sagan
- Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Gronostajowa St. 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Renata Wietecha-Posłuszny
- Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gronostajowa St. 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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Hammoud A, Chhin D, Nguyen DK, Sawan M. A new molecular imprinted PEDOT glassy carbon electrode for carbamazepine detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 180:113089. [PMID: 33662846 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemical sensor for the detection of carbamazepine was fabricated by the electropolymerization of PEDOT on glassy carbon electrodes. Molecular imprinted polymer sites were synthesized by cyclic voltammetry on the electrodes' surfaces providing high selectivity and sensitivity towards carbamazepine molecules. Scanning electron microscopy validated the formation of the polymer. Extraction of carbamazepine from the polymer was performed by immersion in acetonitrile and validated by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy along with cyclic voltammetry experiments comparing pre- and post-template extraction data. Further cyclic voltammetry and square-wave voltammetry tests aided in characterizing the electrodes' response to carbamazepine concentration in PBS solution with [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- as a redox pair/mediator. The limits of detection and quantification were found to be 0.98 x 10-3 M and 2.97 x 10-3 M respectively. The biosensor was highly sensitive to carbamazepine molecules in comparison to non-imprinted electrodes, simple to construct and easy to operate.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hammoud
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | - D Chhin
- Département de Chimie, UQAM, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - D K Nguyen
- Centre Hospitalier de L'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - M Sawan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; School of Engineering, Westlake University, And Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Zhejiang, China
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A review of recent advances in microsampling techniques of biological fluids for therapeutic drug monitoring. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1635:461731. [PMID: 33285415 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Conventional sampling of biological fluids often involves a bulk quantity of samples that are tedious to collect, deliver and process. Miniaturized sampling approaches have emerged as promising tools for sample collection due to numerous advantages such as minute sample size, patient friendliness and ease of shipment. This article reviews the applications and advances of microsampling techniques in therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), covering the period January 2015 - August 2020. As whole blood is the gold standard sampling matrix for TDM, this article comprehensively highlights the most historical microsampling technique, the dried blood spot (DBS), and its development. Advanced developments of DBS, ranging from various automation DBS, paper spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS), 3D dried blood spheroids and volumetric absorptive paper disc (VAPD) and mini-disc (VAPDmini) are discussed. The volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) approach, which overcomes the hematocrit effect associated with the DBS sample, has been employed in recent TDM. The sample collection and sample preparation details in DBS and VAMS are outlined and summarized. This review also delineates the involvement of other biological fluids (plasma, urine, breast milk and saliva) and their miniaturized dried matrix forms in TDM. Specific features and challenges of each microsampling technique are identified and comparison studies are reviewed.
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7
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Multivariate Optimization of an Ultrasound-Assisted Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Liquid-Phase Microextraction Method for HPLC–UV Analysis of Carbamazepine in Plasma. Chromatographia 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-020-03966-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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8
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Świądro M, Stelmaszczyk P, Wietecha-Posłuszny R, Dudek D. Development of a new method for drug detection based on a combination of the dried blood spot method and capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1157:122339. [PMID: 32877802 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a new approach to sample preparation of biological material based on a combination of the Dried Blood Spot (DBS) method and capillary electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry (CE-MS) for the analysis of blood samples collected in vivo or post-mortem. The proposed approach allowed the identification of typical drugs from different groups, such as tricyclic antidepressants (amitriptyline, imipramine), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (citalopram), benzodiazepines (tetrazepam) and hypnotics (zolpidem). In this study, a blood sample was spotted on FTA DMPK C cards, then dried, and 6-mm discs were cut out. The sample preparation procedure involved microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). Various extraction agents, temperatures and durations of extraction were examined in order to achieve the highest efficiency of the process. The method was subjected to a validation procedure. Limits of detection (LOD = 1.76 - 14.7 ng/mL) and quantification (LOQ = 5.25 - 49.0 ng/mL), inter- (CV = 1.31 - 9.43%) and intra- (CV = 3.26 - 18.52%) day precision of the determinations, recovery (RE = 85.0-105.4%) and matrix effect on ionization of analytes (ME = 98.6-105.5%) were determined. Furthermore, the developed DBS/MAE/CM-MS method was selective and analytes present in the blood applied on DBS cards were found to be stable after 7 and after 14 days. Moreover, the developed method was successfully applied to the analysis of both post-mortem samples and blood samples taken from patients treated with the analyzed drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Świądro
- Laboratory for Forensic Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2, Gronostajowa St., 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Stelmaszczyk
- Laboratory for Forensic Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2, Gronostajowa St., 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Renata Wietecha-Posłuszny
- Laboratory for Forensic Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2, Gronostajowa St., 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Dominika Dudek
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 21a, Mikołaja Kopernika St., 31-000 Kraków, Poland
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9
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Yee WLS, Drum CL. Increasing Complexity to Simplify Clinical Care: High Resolution Mass Spectrometry as an Enabler of AI Guided Clinical and Therapeutic Monitoring. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Loong Sherman Yee
- Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineDepartment of MedicineNational University of Singapore Singapore 119077 Singapore
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI)National University Health System Singapore 119228 Singapore
| | - Chester Lee Drum
- Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineDepartment of MedicineNational University of Singapore Singapore 119077 Singapore
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI)National University Health System Singapore 119228 Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineDepartment of BiochemistryNational University of Singapore Singapore 119077 Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1)National University of Singapore Singapore 119077 Singapore
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10
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Nuchtavorn N, Dvořák M, Kubáň P. Paper-based molecularly imprinted-interpenetrating polymer network for on-spot collection and microextraction of dried blood spots for capillary electrophoresis determination of carbamazepine. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:2721-2730. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02523-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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11
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Samadi A, Khoubnasabjafari M, Barzegar M, Sadeghvand S, Shiva S, Jouyban A. Simultaneous Determination of Phenobarbital, Phenytoin, Carbamazepine and Carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide in Plasma of Epileptic Patients. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.15171/ps.2019.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Quantitative analyses of antiepileptic drugs are required in clinic and to rational dosage adjustment, the clinician needs the blood levels of these drugs. A high-performance liquid chromatography with spectrophotometric detection has been developed and validated for simultaneous determination of some antiepileptic drugs in plasma of patients with epilepsy. Methods: A simple procedure based on deproteinization by acetonitrile was used for pre-treatment of plasma samples. Liquid chromatographic analysis was carried out on a Nova-Pak® C18 analytical column, using a ternary mixture of potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (pH 6.0)-acetonitrile-2-propanol (63:22:15, v/v/v) as the mobile phase, at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min-1. Results: Calibration curves were linear over a range of 1–40 µg mL-1 for phenobarbital, 1–30 µg mL-1 for phenytoin, 0.3–15 µg mL-1 for carbamazepine and 0.5–6 µg mL-1 for carbamazepine epoxide. Conclusion: The simple sample pre-treatment, combined with the fast chromatographic run was used for the determination of antiepileptic drugs for a large number of patient samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Samadi
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Khoubnasabjafari
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Barzegar
- Pediatric Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shahram Sadeghvand
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shadi Shiva
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Jouyban
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Kimia Idea Pardaz Azarbayjan (KIPA) Science Based Company, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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12
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Azad RK, Shulaev V. Metabolomics technology and bioinformatics for precision medicine. Brief Bioinform 2019; 20:1957-1971. [PMID: 29304189 PMCID: PMC6954408 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbx170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Precision medicine is rapidly emerging as a strategy to tailor medical treatment to a small group or even individual patients based on their genetics, environment and lifestyle. Precision medicine relies heavily on developments in systems biology and omics disciplines, including metabolomics. Combination of metabolomics with sophisticated bioinformatics analysis and mathematical modeling has an extreme power to provide a metabolic snapshot of the patient over the course of disease and treatment or classifying patients into subpopulations and subgroups requiring individual medical treatment. Although a powerful approach, metabolomics have certain limitations in technology and bioinformatics. We will review various aspects of metabolomics technology and bioinformatics, from data generation, bioinformatics analysis, data fusion and mathematical modeling to data management, in the context of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vladimir Shulaev
- Corresponding author: Vladimir Shulaev, Department of Biological Sciences, BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76210, USA. Tel.: 940-369-5368; Fax: 940-565-3821; E-mail:
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13
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Presoaking dried blood spot with water improves efficiency for small-molecule analysis. Biotechniques 2019; 67:219-228. [PMID: 31631689 DOI: 10.2144/btn-2019-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The current method of extracting small molecules from dried blood spots (DBSs) and liquid blood is similar. However, owing to their different physical characteristics, a modification of the extraction process for DBS is required. We propose a modified method involving presoaking in water that results in better extraction efficiency for small-molecule analysis than the conventional protein precipitation method. Using blood and DBSs from eight subjects, the similarities, recovery rates and extraction efficiencies of both methods were compared. Quantitative analysis showed that seven and six out of ten conditions for the modified method group exhibited almost 100% recovery and extraction efficiency rates, respectively, compared with the conventional method group. Taken together, the results suggest that a presoaking step is needed for efficient DBS analysis.
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Mohiuddin I, Berhanu AL, Malik AK, Aulakh JS, Lee J, Kim KH. Preparation and evaluation of a porous molecularly imprinted polymer for selective recognition of the antiepileptic drug carbamazepine. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 176:108580. [PMID: 31400619 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel and porous molecularly imprinted polymer (PMIP) was synthesized and used as a solid-phase extraction adsorbent for preconcentration of carbamazepine (CBZ) prior to its quantitation by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in various sample forms (e.g., drinking water, river water, hospital wastewater, and pharmaceuticals). PMIP-CBZ was applied to a polymerization process in which polystyrene spheres were coated with a silica layer. Removal of polystyrene spheres and formation of porous silica facilitated the recovery of CBZ (99.4%) during the extraction process. Site accessibility to the surface of PMIP-CBZ increased the density of high-recognition sites. PMIP-CBZ was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The key variables influencing the extraction efficiency of PMIP (e.g., adsorbent loading, eluent type, eluent volume, reusability of the adsorbent, and cross-reactivity) were optimized. The optimized protocol was successfully employed to quantify CBZ with limit of detection and limit of quantification as 0.082 and 0.270 ng/mL, respectively (linear detection range: 0.5-250 ng/mL and a relative standard deviation: < 5%). Use of the PMIP adsorbent resulted in a sensitive and stable method for efficiently quantitation of CBZ from various real sample matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irshad Mohiuddin
- Department of Chemistry, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, Punjab, India
| | | | - Ashok Kumar Malik
- Department of Chemistry, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, Punjab, India
| | | | - Jechan Lee
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
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Dried Blood Spot Self-Sampling by Guardians of Children With Epilepsy Is Feasible: Comparison With Plasma for Multiple Antiepileptic Drugs. Ther Drug Monit 2019; 41:509-518. [DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000000605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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16
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Min KL, Ryu JY, Chang MJ. Development and clinical applications of the dried blood spot method for therapeutic drug monitoring of anti‐epileptic drugs. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 125:215-236. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Lok Min
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicine and Regulatory Sciences, Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacy Yonsei University Incheon Korea
| | - Jae Yeoul Ryu
- Department of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy Yonsei University Incheon Korea
| | - Min Jung Chang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicine and Regulatory Sciences, Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacy Yonsei University Incheon Korea
- Department of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy Yonsei University Incheon Korea
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17
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Majda A, Wietecha-Posłuszny R, Świądro M, Mrochem K, Kościelniak P. Dried blood spots sampling in case samples deprived of hematocrit level information - Investigation and calculation strategy. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1124:308-312. [PMID: 31265992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The application of a new calculation strategy for the psychotropic drug concentration in blood and bone marrow samples in the form of dried blood spots (DBS) was the main aim of the study. The standard DBS method consists of the deposition of the capillary blood onto the dedicated paper cards. Nowadays, the DBS technique is seen as a fast and partly superior microsampling alternative methodology replacing the conventional venous blood and plasma collection. The calculation approach to drug concentration in the limited volume of the case sample, where the hematocrit level cannot be determined, constitutes an important step of this method. The method has been validated and the results of the determination of alprazolam and diazepam previously spiked in the post-mortem blood and bone marrow sample have been satisfactory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Majda
- Laboratory for Forensic Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Renata Wietecha-Posłuszny
- Laboratory for Forensic Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Świądro
- Laboratory for Forensic Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Karolina Mrochem
- Laboratory for Forensic Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Paweł Kościelniak
- Laboratory for Forensic Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
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18
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Avataneo V, D’Avolio A, Cusato J, Cantù M, De Nicolò A. LC-MS application for therapeutic drug monitoring in alternative matrices. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 166:40-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Hadzagic-Catibusic F, Hasanbegovic E, Melunovic M, Zubcevic S, Uzicanin S. Effects of Carbamazepine and Valproate on Serum Aspartate Aminotransferase, Alanine Aminotransferase and Gamma - Glutamyltransferase in Children. Med Arch 2018; 71:239-242. [PMID: 28974841 PMCID: PMC5585805 DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2017.71.239-242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological diseases in childhood and adolescence. Carbamazepine (CBZ) and valproate (VPA) have been widely used as the first generation of antiepileptic drugs (AED). Aim: The aim of the study has been to evaluate and compare the effect of CBZ and VPA monotherapy on aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) serum levels in children. Material and methods: The study has included 100 patients (boys 57/girls 43, age range 1 to 18 years), who have been treated with CBZ or VPA, as initial monotherapy, for at least 12 months. Patients with liver lesions or patients who have been treated with other drugs have been excluded from the study. The initial serum enzyme levels (AST, ALT and GGT) and after 12 months of treatment have been compared. Results: 53/100 (53%) patients have been treated with CBZ and 47/100 (47%) patients have been treated with VPA.The initial level of enzymes were within the referece range. After one year-long treatment AST was elevated at 4/53 (7.5%) CBZ patients and 9/47 (19.15%) VPA patients (x2 test =3.965, p<0.05). ALT was elevated at 5/53 (9.4%) CBZ patients and 9/47 (19.15%) VPA patients (x2 test =6.953, p<0.05). GGT was elevated at 18/53 (34%) CBZ patients and 7/47 (14.9%) VPA patients (x2 test =4.831, p<0.05). Conclusion: The levels of enzymes AST and ALT have been elevated statistically significant in VPA group and GGT in CBZ group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edo Hasanbegovic
- Pediatric Clinic, University Clinical Center of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Melika Melunovic
- Pediatric Clinic, University Clinical Center of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Smail Zubcevic
- Pediatric Clinic, University Clinical Center of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Sajra Uzicanin
- Pediatric Clinic, University Clinical Center of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Carvalho J, Rosado T, Barroso M, Gallardo E. Determination of Antiepileptic Drugs Using Dried Saliva Spots. J Anal Toxicol 2018; 43:61-71. [DOI: 10.1093/jat/bky064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Carvalho
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Tiago Rosado
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, Covilhã, Portugal
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, EM506, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Mário Barroso
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal e Ciências Forenses – Delegação do Sul, Rua Manuel Bento de Sousa, 3, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Eugenia Gallardo
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, Covilhã, Portugal
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, EM506, Covilhã, Portugal
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Andriguetti NB, Hahn RZ, Lizot LF, Raymundo S, Costa JL, da Cunha KF, Vilela RM, Kluck HM, Schwartsmann G, Antunes MV, Linden R. Analytical and clinical validation of a dried blood spot assay for the determination of paclitaxel using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Clin Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2018.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Chen SY, Chen WC, Chang SY. Cyclodextrin-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the preconcentration of carbamazepine and clobazam with subsequent sweeping micellar electrokinetic chromatography. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:1871-1879. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201701096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Ying Chen
- Department of Chemistry; National Kaohsiung Normal University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chi Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Department of Medicine; Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital; Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine; School of Medicine; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Sarah Y. Chang
- Department of Chemistry; National Kaohsiung Normal University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
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23
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Hahn RZ, Arnhold PC, Andriguetti NB, Schneider A, Klück HM, dos Reis SL, Bastiani MF, Kael I, da Silva ACC, Schwartsmann G, Antunes MV, Linden R. Determination of irinotecan and its metabolite SN-38 in dried blood spots using high-performance liquid-chromatography with fluorescence detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 150:51-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.11.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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24
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Velghe S, Stove CP. Volumetric absorptive microsampling as an alternative tool for therapeutic drug monitoring of first-generation anti-epileptic drugs. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:2331-2341. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-0866-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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25
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Linder C, Hansson A, Sadek S, Gustafsson LL, Pohanka A. Carbamazepine, lamotrigine, levetiracetam and valproic acid in dried blood spots with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry; method development and validation. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1072:116-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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26
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Zhang J, Liu D, Meng X, Shi Y, Wang R, Xiao D, He H. Solid phase extraction based on porous magnetic graphene oxide/β-cyclodextrine composite coupled with high performance liquid chromatography for determination of antiepileptic drugs in plasma samples. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1524:49-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.09.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Andonie D, Gáll Z, Bosa P, Dogaru MT, Vancea S. Simultaneous Determination of Carbamazepine and Carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide in Different Biological Matrices by LC-MS/MS. JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY MEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/jim-2017-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
An uncomplicated, sensitive liquid chromatography linked to mass spectrometry (LC/MS) for evaluation of carbamazepine and carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide (its metabolite) in human plasma, human saliva, rat plasma, and rabbit plasma was developed. Analyses were conducted on a Zorbax SB-C18, 100 mm × 3 mm ID, 3.5 μm column, at a column temperature of 40 ºC. The mobile phase was comprised of 0.1% formic acid in water and methanol in a 35 : 65 (v/v) ratio, with a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. Lacosamide was utilized as internal standard. Under these chromatographic conditions, the retention times of lacosamide, carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide, and carbamazepine were 1.4 min, 1.6 min, and 2.2 min, respectively. The quantification of the analytes was performed using multiple reaction monitoring, with the use of a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with electrospray positive ionization. The monitored ions were m/z 194 derived from m/z 237 for carbamazepine, m/z 180 derived from m/z 253 for carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide, and m/z 108 derived from m/z 251 for lacosamide. The samples were prepared by protein precipitation from 0.2 mL of plasma/saliva using 0.6 mL of internal standard solution in methanol. Calibration curves were constructed over the ranges 1.1–17.6 µg/mL and 0.23–5.47 µg/mL for carbamazepine and carbamazepine-epoxide, respectively. The coefficients of determination obtained by using a weighted (1/x) linear regression were greater than 0.994. The reported LC-MS/MS method was applied to preclinical pharmacokinetic studies and therapeutic drug monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Andonie
- Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Tîrgu Mureş , Romania
| | - Zsolt Gáll
- Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Tîrgu Mureş , Romania
| | - Paul Bosa
- Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Tîrgu Mureş , Romania
| | - Maria Titica Dogaru
- Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Tîrgu Mureş , Romania
| | - Szende Vancea
- Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Tîrgu Mureş , Romania
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Linder C, Wide K, Walander M, Beck O, Gustafsson LL, Pohanka A. Comparison between dried blood spot and plasma sampling for therapeutic drug monitoring of antiepileptic drugs in children with epilepsy: A step towards home sampling. Clin Biochem 2017; 50:418-424. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Das S, Fleming DH, Mathew BS, Winston A B, Prabhakar AT, Alexander M. Determination of serum carbamazepine concentration using dried blood spot specimens for resource-limited settings. Hosp Pract (1995) 2017; 45:46-50. [PMID: 28353375 DOI: 10.1080/21548331.2017.1296318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Carbamazepine (CBZ) is a commonly used anti-epileptic in rural hospitals in India. These hospitals lack the facilities to measure CBZ concentration; however, in larger hospitals this is performed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Dried blood spot (DBS) represents a feasible matrix for safe transportation by post/courier. This study was to determine whether the concentration of CBZ in serum can be predicted from that measured in DBS using an inexpensive HPLC method and inexpensive standard filter paper. METHODS CBZ in serum and DBS from 80 epileptic patients were measured using a validated HPLC assay. The data was then randomly divided into two groups; simple Deming regression was performed with the first group and validation was performed using the second. RESULTS There was a good correlation between the serum and DBS concentrations (r = 0.932) in the first group. The regression equation obtained was: predicted serum concentration = DBS concentration x 0.83 + 1.09. In the validation group, the correlation between the predicted and actual serum concentrations was also good (r = 0.958), and the mean difference between them was only 0.28 μg/ml (p = 0.8062). The imprecision and bias in both the groups were acceptable. CONCLUSION Using inexpensive materials, serum CBZ concentrations can be accurately predicted from DBS specimens. This method can be recommended for the therapeutic drug monitoring of CBZ in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saibal Das
- a Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology , Christian Medical College , Vellore , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Denise H Fleming
- a Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology , Christian Medical College , Vellore , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Binu S Mathew
- a Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology , Christian Medical College , Vellore , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Blessed Winston A
- a Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology , Christian Medical College , Vellore , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Appaswamy T Prabhakar
- b Department of Neurological Sciences , Christian Medical College , Vellore , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Mathew Alexander
- b Department of Neurological Sciences , Christian Medical College , Vellore , Tamil Nadu , India
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30
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Determination of topiramate in dried blood spots using single-quadrupole gas chromatography–mass spectrometry after flash methylation with trimethylanilinium hydroxide. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1046:131-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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31
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Martial LC, Aarnoutse RE, Mulder M, Schellekens A, Brüggemann RJM, Burger DM, Schene AH, Batalla A. Dried Blood Spot sampling in psychiatry: Perspectives for improving therapeutic drug monitoring. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 27:205-216. [PMID: 28130001 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Assessment of drug concentrations is indicated to guide dosing of a selected number of drugs used in psychiatry. Conventionally this is done by vena puncture. Novel sampling strategies such as dried blood spot (DBS) sampling have been developed for various drugs, including antipsychotics, antidepressants and mood-stabilizers. DBS sampling is typically performed by means of a finger prick. This method allows for remote sampling, which means that patients are not required to travel to a health care facility. The number of DBS assays for drugs used in psychiatry has increased over the last decade and includes antidepressants (tricyclic and serotonin and/or norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors), mood stabilizers and first- and second-generation antipsychotics. Available assays often comply with analytical validation criteria but are seldom used in routine clinical care. Little attention has been paid to the clinical validation and implementation processes of home sampling. Ideally, not only medicines but also clinical chemistry parameters should be measured within the same sample. This article reflects on the position of DBS remote sampling in psychiatry and provides insight in the requisites of making such a sampling tool successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa C Martial
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Pharmacy, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rob E Aarnoutse
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Pharmacy, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martina Mulder
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Reinier Postlaan 10, Route 966, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Arnt Schellekens
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Reinier Postlaan 10, Route 966, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud University, Nijmegen Institute for Scientist-Practitioners in Addiction, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roger J M Brüggemann
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Pharmacy, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - David M Burger
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Pharmacy, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Aart H Schene
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Reinier Postlaan 10, Route 966, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Batalla
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Reinier Postlaan 10, Route 966, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud University, Nijmegen Institute for Scientist-Practitioners in Addiction, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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32
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Gao JL, Wang XY, An J, Du CH, Li MJ, Ma HY, Zhang LN, Bian J, Jiang Y. The significance of a new parameter – plasma protein binding – in therapeutic drug monitoring and its application to carbamazepine in epileptic patients. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra02991h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary cause of the variability of Cf in pharmacology is the change in plasma protein binding (PPB), thus PPB monitoring should be applied to a better individualization of drug dosage regimens in clinical patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-lin Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- School of Pharmacy
- Hebei Medical University
- Shijiazhuang
- China
| | - Xin-yu Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- School of Pharmacy
- Hebei Medical University
- Shijiazhuang
- China
| | - Jing An
- Department of Pharmacy
- Hebei General Hospital
- Shijiazhuang
- China
| | - Chao-hui Du
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- School of Pharmacy
- Hebei Medical University
- Shijiazhuang
- China
| | - Meng-jiao Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- School of Pharmacy
- Hebei Medical University
- Shijiazhuang
- China
| | - Hai-yan Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- School of Pharmacy
- Hebei Medical University
- Shijiazhuang
- China
| | - Li-na Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- School of Pharmacy
- Hebei Medical University
- Shijiazhuang
- China
| | - Jing Bian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- School of Pharmacy
- Hebei Medical University
- Shijiazhuang
- China
| | - Ye Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- School of Pharmacy
- Hebei Medical University
- Shijiazhuang
- China
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The Influence of Solid Microneedles on the Transdermal Delivery of Selected Antiepileptic Drugs. Pharmaceutics 2016; 8:pharmaceutics8040033. [PMID: 27854292 PMCID: PMC5198017 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics8040033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this project was to examine the effect of microneedle rollers on the percutaneous penetration of tiagabine hydrochloride and carbamazepine across porcine skin in vitro. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis was carried out using an Agilent 1200 Series HPLC system coupled to an Agilent G1969A TOF-MS system. Transdermal flux values of the drugs were determined from the steady-state portion of the cumulative amount versus time curves. Following twelve hours of microneedle roller application, there was a 6.74-fold increase in the percutaneous penetration of tiagabine hydrochloride (86.42 ± 25.66 µg/cm2/h) compared to passive delivery (12.83 ± 6.30 µg/cm2/h). For carbamazepine in 20% ethanol, passive transdermal flux of 7.85 ± 0.60 µg/cm2/h was observed compared to 10.85 ± 0.11 µg/cm2/h after microneedle treatment. Carbamazepine reconstituted in 30% ethanol resulted in only a 1.19-fold increase in drug permeation across porcine skin (36.73 ± 1.83 µg/cm2/h versus 30.74 ± 1.32 µg/cm2/h). Differences in flux values of untreated and microneedle-treated porcine skin using solid microneedles for the transdermal delivery of tiagabine were statistically significant. Although there were 1.38- and 1.19-fold increases in transdermal flux values of carbamazepine when applied as 20% and 30% ethanol solutions across microneedle-treated porcine skin, respectively, the increases were not statistically significant.
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Loos G, Van Schepdael A, Cabooter D. Quantitative mass spectrometry methods for pharmaceutical analysis. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2016; 374:20150366. [PMID: 27644982 PMCID: PMC5031633 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2015.0366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative pharmaceutical analysis is nowadays frequently executed using mass spectrometry. Electrospray ionization coupled to a (hybrid) triple quadrupole mass spectrometer is generally used in combination with solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography. Furthermore, isotopically labelled standards are often used to correct for ion suppression. The challenges in producing sensitive but reliable quantitative data depend on the instrumentation, sample preparation and hyphenated techniques. In this contribution, different approaches to enhance the ionization efficiencies using modified source geometries and improved ion guidance are provided. Furthermore, possibilities to minimize, assess and correct for matrix interferences caused by co-eluting substances are described. With the focus on pharmaceuticals in the environment and bioanalysis, different separation techniques, trends in liquid chromatography and sample preparation methods to minimize matrix effects and increase sensitivity are discussed. Although highly sensitive methods are generally aimed for to provide automated multi-residue analysis, (less sensitive) miniaturized set-ups have a great potential due to their ability for in-field usage.This article is part of the themed issue 'Quantitative mass spectrometry'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn Loos
- KU Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ann Van Schepdael
- KU Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Deirdre Cabooter
- KU Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Antunes MV, Charão MF, Linden R. Dried blood spots analysis with mass spectrometry: Potentials and pitfalls in therapeutic drug monitoring. Clin Biochem 2016; 49:1035-46. [PMID: 27179588 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) relays in the availability of specialized laboratory assays, usually available in reference centers that are not accessible to all patients. In this context, there is a growing interest in the use of dried blood spot (DBS) sampling, usually obtained from finger pricks, which allows simple and cost-effective logistics in many settings, particularly in Developing Countries. The use of DBS assays to estimate plasma concentrations is highly dependent on the hematocrit of the blood, as well as the particular characteristics of the measured analyte. DBS assays require specific validation assays, most of them are related to hematocrit effects. In the present manuscript, the application of mass spectrometric assays for determination of drugs for TDM purposes in the last ten years is reviewed, as well as the particular validation assays for new DBS methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Venzon Antunes
- Toxicological Analysis Laboratory, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariele Feiffer Charão
- Toxicological Analysis Laboratory, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Linden
- Toxicological Analysis Laboratory, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil.
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