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Oliveira SNMCG, Bezerra FF, Piquet AA, Sales RA, Valle GCT, Capillé NV, Tovar AMF, Mourão PAS. A Unique Enoxaparin Derived from Bovine Intestinal Heparin: A Single Purification Step of the Starting Material Assures a Bovine Enoxaparin Like the Standard from Porcine Origin. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:23111-23120. [PMID: 38826523 PMCID: PMC11137703 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Low-molecular-weight heparin represent a significant advancement in anticoagulant therapy with enoxaparin being a prominent example obtained exclusively through the fragmentation of porcine intestinal heparin. However, escalating demand and limited resources have raised concerns about enoxaparin supplementation. The current challenge involves exploring alternative heparin sources for large-scale enoxaparin production with bovine intestinal heparin emerging as a promising option. Our study demonstrates that enoxaparin derived from the available bovine heparin preparation differs significantly from the reference compound. Yet, the implementation of a straightforward purification step yields a preparation termed "high-anticoagulant bovine heparin". Fragmentation of this purified product through β-elimination produces enoxaparin akin to the standard from a porcine origin. To ensure physicochemical similarity, we employed various spectroscopic, enzymatic, and chromatographic tests to compare the new bovine-derived enoxaparin with the original porcine compound. Biological activity was confirmed through in vitro coagulation assays and assessments using an animal model of venous thrombosis. Our study affirms that the β-elimination reaction cleaves the bovine heparin chain without preferential breaks in regions with different sulfation patterns. Additionally, we scrutinized decasaccharides purified from enoxaparin preparations, providing a comprehensive demonstration of the similarity between products obtained from porcine and bovine heparin. In summary, our findings indicate that an enoxaparin equivalent to the original porcine-derived product can be derived from bovine heparin, given that the starting material undergoes a simple purification step.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adriana A. Piquet
- Laboratório de Tecido
Conjuntivo, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho and
Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A. Sales
- Laboratório de Tecido
Conjuntivo, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho and
Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, Brazil
| | - Gabrielly C. T. Valle
- Laboratório de Tecido
Conjuntivo, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho and
Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, Brazil
| | - Nina V. Capillé
- Laboratório de Tecido
Conjuntivo, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho and
Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, Brazil
| | - Ana M. F. Tovar
- Laboratório de Tecido
Conjuntivo, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho and
Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, Brazil
| | - Paulo A. S. Mourão
- Laboratório de Tecido
Conjuntivo, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho and
Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, Brazil
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2
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Zappe A, Miller RL, Struwe WB, Pagel K. State-of-the-art glycosaminoglycan characterization. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022; 41:1040-1071. [PMID: 34608657 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are heterogeneous acidic polysaccharides involved in a range of biological functions. They have a significant influence on the regulation of cellular processes and the development of various diseases and infections. To fully understand the functional roles that GAGs play in mammalian systems, including disease processes, it is essential to understand their structural features. Despite having a linear structure and a repetitive disaccharide backbone, their structural analysis is challenging and requires elaborate preparative and analytical techniques. In particular, the extent to which GAGs are sulfated, as well as variation in sulfate position across the entire oligosaccharide or on individual monosaccharides, represents a major obstacle. Here, we summarize the current state-of-the-art methodologies used for GAG sample preparation and analysis, discussing in detail liquid chromatograpy and mass spectrometry-based approaches, including advanced ion activation methods, ion mobility separations and infrared action spectroscopy of mass-selected species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Zappe
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rebecca L Miller
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Copenhagen Centre for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Kevin Pagel
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Zhu W, Chen L, Yan N, Yi L, Sun Y, Ouyang Y, Liu D, Zhang Z. Sequencing analysis of heparin reducing terminals with orthogonal chromatographic approaches. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1677:463318. [PMID: 35853422 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Heparin is a linear sulfated polysaccharide with a complex structure. It is important to figure out the sequences at the terminals of the sugar chains, as it will help us understand the heparin structure deeper and control its quality properly. The tetrasaccharide linkage region (LR) could be a tag to help us find out heparin terminals after digestion by different combinations of heparinases. In this work, orthogonal chromatographic approaches including SAX, SEC-MS and 2D-LC-MS were applied to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the heparinase released LR-terminals. The disaccharides next to LR are those ones with low or non-sulfation, UA-GlcNAc and UA-GlcNAc6S, and then they are extended with the highly sulfated disaccharides, IdoA2S-GlcNS and IdoA2S-GlcNS6S. It is suggested that the sulfo transferases did not work at the sugar residues next to LR terminal, especially the 2-O-sulfo and N-sulfo transferases, which could be affected by steric hindrance from LR, when heparin is biosynthesized. This conclusion will be theoretical fundamental to help us understand heparin's structure deeper. The methods provided in this work could be potential ways to control heparin's quality and monitor the production processes of heparin properly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
| | - Na Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
| | - Lin Yi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
| | - Yuanyuan Sun
- The fourth people's Hospital of Jinan City, Shandong 250031, China
| | - Yilan Ouyang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
| | - Dehua Liu
- The fourth people's Hospital of Jinan City, Shandong 250031, China
| | - Zhenqing Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China.
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Mourier P. Building Block Analysis of ATIII Affinity Fractions of Heparins: Application to the ATIII Binding Capacity of Non-conventional 3-O-Sulfated Sequences. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:841738. [PMID: 35514744 PMCID: PMC9063521 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.841738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In heparin, some 3-O-sulfated sequences do not meet the structural requirements of the ATIII binding pentasaccharide. These “non-conventional” sequences are the object of this study. In a previous paper (Mourier P. Heparinase digestion of 3-O-sulfated sequences: selective heparinase II digestion for separation and identification of binding sequences present in ATIII affinity fractions of bovine intestine heparins), we demonstrated that unsaturated 3-O-sulfated disaccharides detected in exhaustive heparin digests were specifically cleaved by heparinase I. Consequently, building blocks analyses of heparins using heparinases I+II+III digestion could be compared with experiments where only heparinase II is used. In these latter conditions of depolymerization, the 3-O-sulfated sequences digested into unsaturated 3-O-sulfated disaccharides with heparinases I+II+III, were heparinase II-resistant on their non-reducing side, resulting in longer new building blocks. These properties were used to study the structural neighborhood of these 3-O-sulfated moieties, which have still-undefined biological functions. In this part, heparinases I+II+III and heparinase II digestions of porcine mucosa, bovine mucosa and bovine lung heparins were compared in six fractions of increasing affinity for ATIII. Tagging of building blocks by reductive amination with sulfanilic acid was used. The distribution of 3-O-sulfated building blocks in the ATIII affinity fractions was used to examine the ATIII binding of these sequences.
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Mourier P. Heparinase Digestion of 3-O-Sulfated Sequences: Selective Heparinase II Digestion for Separation and Identification of Binding Sequences Present in ATIII Affinity Fractions of Bovine Intestinal Heparins. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:841726. [PMID: 35433769 PMCID: PMC9009448 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.841726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Binding to antithrombin-III (ATIII) determines the anticoagulant activity of heparin. The complexes formed between heparin and ATIII result from a specific pentasaccharide sequence containing a 3-O-sulfated glucosamine in medium position. Building block analysis of heparins, following heparinase digestion, is a critical method in quality control that provides a simple structural characterization of a complex product. Hence, in these applications, study of the digestion of 3-O-sulfated moieties merits special attention. With heparinase II, specific inhibition of cleavage of the non-reducing bond of 3-O-sulfated units is observed. This specificity was erroneously generalized to other heparinases when it was observed that in exhaustive digests of heparins with the heparinase mixture, resistant 3-O-sulfated tetrasaccharides were also obtained from the specific ATIII-binding pentasaccharides. In fact, the detection of unsaturated 3-O-sulfated disaccharides in digests of heparin by heparinases I+II+III, resulting from the cleavage of the 3-O sulfated unit by heparinase I in non-conventional sequences, shows that this inhibition has exceptions. Thus, in experiments where heparinase II is selectively applied, these sequences can only be digested into tetra- or hexasaccharides where the 3-O-sulfated glucosamine is shifted on the reducing end. Heparinase I+II+III and heparinase II digests with additional tagging by reductive amination with sulfanilic acid were used to study the structural neighborhood of 3-O-sulfated disaccharides in bovine mucosal heparin fractions with increasing affinity for ATIII. The 3-O-sulfated disaccharides detected in heparinase I+II+III digests turn into numerous specific 3-O-sulfated tetrasaccharides in heparinase II digests. Additionally, ATIII-binding pentasaccharides with an extra 3-O-sulfate at the reducing glucosamine are detected in fractions of highest affinity as heparinase II-resistant hexasaccharides with two consecutive 3-O-sulfated units.
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Gardini C, Bisio A, Mazzini G, Guerrini M, Naggi A, Alekseeva A. Saturated tetrasaccharide profile of enoxaparin. An additional piece to the heparin biosynthesis puzzle. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 273:118554. [PMID: 34560966 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Enoxaparin, widely used antithrombotic drug, is a polydisperse glycosaminoglycan with highly microheterogeneous structure dictated by both parent heparin heterogeneity and depolymerization conditions. While the process-related modifications of internal and terminal sequences of enoxaparin have been extensively studied, very little is known about the authentic non-reducing ends (NRE). In the present study a multi-step isolation and thorough structural elucidation by NMR and LC/MS allowed to identify 16 saturated tetramers along with 23 unsaturated ones in the complex enoxaparin tetrasaccharide fraction. Altogether the elucidated structures represent a unique enoxaparin signature, whereas the composition of saturated tetramers provides a structural readout strictly related to the biosynthesis of parent heparin NRE. In particular, both glucuronic and iduronic acids were detected at the NRE of macromolecular heparin. The tetrasaccharides bearing glucosamine at the NRE are most likely associated with the heparanase hydrolytic action. High sulfation degree and 3-O-sulfation are characteristic for both types of NRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Gardini
- Centro Alta Tecnologia "Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche G. Ronzoni" Srl, via G. Colombo 81, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Antonella Bisio
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche G. Ronzoni, via G. Colombo 81, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Giulia Mazzini
- Centro Alta Tecnologia "Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche G. Ronzoni" Srl, via G. Colombo 81, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Marco Guerrini
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche G. Ronzoni, via G. Colombo 81, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Annamaria Naggi
- Centro Alta Tecnologia "Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche G. Ronzoni" Srl, via G. Colombo 81, 20133 Milan, Italy; Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche G. Ronzoni, via G. Colombo 81, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Anna Alekseeva
- Centro Alta Tecnologia "Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche G. Ronzoni" Srl, via G. Colombo 81, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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Sun H, Ma X, Li Z, Liu J, Wang W, Qi X. Release characteristics of enoxaparin sodium-loaded polymethylmethacrylate bone cement. J Orthop Surg Res 2021; 16:108. [PMID: 33541384 PMCID: PMC7860616 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02223-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to prepare the polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement release system with different concentrations of enoxaparin sodium (ES) and to investigate the release characteristics of ES after loading into the PMMA bone cement. METHODS In the experimental group, 40 g Palacos®R PMMA bone cement was loaded with various amount of ES 4000, 8000, 12,000, 16,000, 20,000, and 24,000 AXaIU, respectively. The control group was not loaded with ES. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the surface microstructure of the bone cement in the two groups. In the experiment group, the mold was extracted continuously with pH7.4 Tris-HCL buffer for 10 days. The extract solution was collected every day and the anti-FXa potency was measured. The experiment design and statistical analysis were conducted using a quantitative response parallel line method. RESULTS Under the SEM, it was observed that ES was filled in the pores of PMMA bone cement polymer structure and released from the pores after extraction. There was a burst effect of the release. The release amount of ES on the first day was 0.415, 0.858, 1.110, 1.564, 1.952, and 2.513, respectively, from the six groups with various ES loading amount of 4000, 8000, 12,000, 16,000, 20,000, and 24,000 AXaIU, all reaching the peak of release on the first day. The release decreased rapidly on the next day and entered the plateau phase on the fourth day. CONCLUSION The prepared ES-PMMA bone cement has high application potential in orthopedic surgery. ES-PMMA bone cement shows good drug release characteristics. The released enoxaparin sodium has a local anti-coagulant effect within 24 h after application, but it will not be released for a long time, which is complementary to postoperative anti-coagulation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xinzhe Ma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shijiazhuang Third Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jianning Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiangbei Qi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
- Tiemenguan District of the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Tiemenguan City, China.
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8
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Pepi LE, Sanderson P, Stickney M, Amster IJ. Developments in Mass Spectrometry for Glycosaminoglycan Analysis: A Review. Mol Cell Proteomics 2021; 20:100025. [PMID: 32938749 PMCID: PMC8724624 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.r120.002267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This review covers recent developments in glycosaminoglycan (GAG) analysis via mass spectrometry (MS). GAGs participate in a variety of biological functions, including cellular communication, wound healing, and anticoagulation, and are important targets for structural characterization. GAGs exhibit a diverse range of structural features due to the variety of O- and N-sulfation modifications and uronic acid C-5 epimerization that can occur, making their analysis a challenging target. Mass spectrometry approaches to the structure assignment of GAGs have been widely investigated, and new methodologies remain the subject of development. Advances in sample preparation, tandem MS techniques (MS/MS), online separations, and automated analysis software have advanced the field of GAG analysis. These recent developments have led to remarkable improvements in the precision and time efficiency for the structural characterization of GAGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Pepi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Morgan Stickney
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - I Jonathan Amster
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
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Specific Non-Reducing Ends in Heparins from Different Animal Origins: Building Blocks Analysis Using Reductive Amination Tagging by Sulfanilic Acid. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 25:molecules25235553. [PMID: 33256116 PMCID: PMC7730200 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Heparins are linear sulfated polysaccharides widely used as anticoagulant drugs. Their nonreducing-end (NRE) has been little investigated due to challenges in their characterization, but is known to be partly generated by enzymatic cleavage with heparanases, resulting in N-sulfated glucosamines at the NRE. Uronic NRE (specifically glucuronic acids) have been isolated from porcine heparin, with GlcA-GlcNS,3S,6S identified as a porcine-specific NRE marker. To further characterize NRE in heparinoids, a building block analysis involving exhaustive heparinase digestion and subsequent reductive amination with sulfanilic acid was performed. This study describes a new method for identifying heparin classical building blocks and novel NRE building blocks using strong anion exchange chromatography on AS11 columns for the assay, and ion-pair liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for building block identification. Porcine, ovine, and bovine intestine heparins were analyzed. Generally, NRE on these three heparins are highly sulfated moieties, particularly with 3-O sulfates, and the observed composition of the NRE is highly dependent on heparin origin. At the highest level of specificity, the isolated marker was only detected in porcine heparin. However, the proportion of glucosamines in the NRE and the proportion of glucuronic/iduronic configurations in the NRE uronic moieties greatly varied between heparin types.
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Stickney M, Sanderson P, Leach FE, Zhang F, Linhardt RJ, Amster IJ. Online Capillary Zone Electrophoresis Negative Electron Transfer Dissociation Tandem Mass Spectrometry of Glycosaminoglycan Mixtures. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY 2019; 445:116209. [PMID: 32641905 PMCID: PMC7343235 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijms.2019.116209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are important biological molecules that are highly anionic and occur in nature as complex mixtures. A platform that combines capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) separations with mass spectrometry (MS) and gas-phase sequencing by using negative electron transfer dissociation (NETD) is shown to be efficacious for the structural analysis of GAG mixtures. CZE is a separation method well suited to the highly negatively charged nature of GAGs. NETD is an electron-based ion activation method that enables the generation of informative fragments with retention of the labile sulfate half-ester modification that determine specific GAG function. Here we combine for the first time NETD and CZE for assigning the structures of GAG oligomers present in mixtures. The speed of ion activation by NETD is found to couple well with the narrow peaks resulting from CZE migration. The platform was optimized with mixtures of GAG tetrasaccharide standards. The potential of the platform is demonstrated by the analysis of enoxaparin, a complex mixture of low molecular weight heparins, which was separated by CZE within 30 minutes and characterized by NETD MS/MS in one online experiment. 37 unique molecular compositions have been identified in enoxaparin using CZE-MS and 9 structures have been assigned with CZE-NETD-MS/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Stickney
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | | | - Franklin E. Leach
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180
| | - Robert J. Linhardt
- Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180
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Wang Z, Zhang T, Xie S, Liu X, Li H, Linhardt RJ, Chi L. Sequencing the oligosaccharide pool in the low molecular weight heparin dalteparin with offline HPLC and ESI–MS/MS. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 183:81-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Sétamou M, Alabi OJ, Simpson CR, Jifon JL. Contrasting amino acid profiles among permissive and non-permissive hosts of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, putative causal agent of Huanglongbing. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187921. [PMID: 29236706 PMCID: PMC5728503 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Huanglongbing is a devastating disease of citrus. In this study, a comprehensive profile of phloem sap amino acids (AA) in four permissive host plants of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) and three non-permissive Rutaceae plants was conducted to gain a better understanding of host factors that may promote or suppress the bacterium. The AA profiles of Diaphorina citri nymphs and adults were similarly analyzed. A total of 38 unique AAs were detected in phloem sap of the various plants and D. citri samples, with phloem sap of young shoots containing more AAs and at higher concentrations than their mature counterparts. All AAs detected in phloem sap of non-permissive plants were also present in CLas -permissive hosts plus additional AAs in the latter class of plants. However, the relative composition of 18 commonly shared AAs varied between CLas -permissive hosts and non-permissive plants. Multivariate analysis with a partial least square discriminant methodology revealed a total of 12 AAs as major factors affecting CLas host status, of which seven were positively related to CLas tolerance/resistance and five positively associated with CLas susceptibility. Most of the AAs positively associated with CLas susceptibility were predominantly of the glutamate family, notably stressed-induced AAs such as arginine, GABA and proline. In contrast, AAs positively correlated with CLas tolerance/resistance were mainly of the serine family. Further analysis revealed that whereas the relative proportions of AAs positively associated with CLas susceptibility did not vary with host developmental stages, those associated with CLas tolerance/resistance increased with flush shoot maturity. Significantly, the proline-to-glycine ratio was determined to be an important discriminating factor for CLas permissivity with higher values characteristic of CLas -permissive hosts. This ratio could be exploited as a biomarker in HLB-resistance breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoudou Sétamou
- Texas A&M University-Kingsville Citrus Center, Weslaco, United States of America
| | - Olufemi J. Alabi
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX, United States of America
| | - Catherine R. Simpson
- Texas A&M University-Kingsville Citrus Center, Weslaco, United States of America
| | - John L. Jifon
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX, United States of America
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Zhang M, Li G, Zhang Y, Kang J. Quantitative analysis of antithrombin III binding site in low molecular weight heparins by exhausetive heparinases digestion and capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1068-1069:78-83. [PMID: 29031112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The antithrombin III (ATIII)-binding site, which contains a special 3-O-sulfated, N-sulfated glucosamine residue with or without 6-O-sulfation, is mainly responsible for the anticoagulant activity of heparin. Undergoing the chemical depolymerization process, the preservation of the ATIII-binding site in low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are varied leading to the fluctuation of the anticoagulant activity. Herein we report a capillary electrophoresis (CE) method in combination with heparinase digestion and affinity chromatography for the measurement of molar percentage of ATIII-binding site of LMWHs. After exhaustively digesting LMWHs with the mixture of heparinase I, II and III, almost all the resulting oligosaccharide building blocks, including the three 3-O-sulfated tetrasaccharides derived from the ATIII-binding site, were resolved by CE separation. The peak area of each building block permits quantification of the molar percentage of the ATIII-binding site. The peaks corresponding to the 3-O-sulfated tetrasaccharides were assigned based on the linear relationship between the electrophoretic mobilities of the oligosaccharides and their charge to mass ratios. The peak assignment was further confirmed by analysis of the high ATIII affinity fractions, which contains much high 3-O-sulfated tetrasaccharides. With the method, the molar percentage of the ATIII-binding site of enoxaparin from different batches and different manufactures were measured and compared. It was demonstrated that the CE method provides more precise data for assessing the anti-FXa activity than that of the biochemical assay method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lingling Road 345, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Gong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lingling Road 345, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lingling Road 345, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jingwu Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lingling Road 345, Shanghai 200032, China; School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Haike Road 100, Shanghai 200031, China.
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15
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Liu X, St Ange K, Wang X, Lin L, Zhang F, Chi L, Linhardt RJ. Parent heparin and daughter LMW heparin correlation analysis using LC-MS and NMR. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 961:91-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Comparative subcutaneous repeated toxicity study of enoxaparin products in rats. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 84:9-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Hydrophilic interaction chromatography-multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry method for basic building block analysis of low molecular weight heparins prepared through nitrous acid depolymerization. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1479:121-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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18
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Miller RL, Guimond SE, Shivkumar M, Blocksidge J, Austin JA, Leary JA, Turnbull JE. Heparin Isomeric Oligosaccharide Separation Using Volatile Salt Strong Anion Exchange Chromatography. Anal Chem 2016; 88:11542-11550. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L. Miller
- Centre
for Glycobiology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative
Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
- Departments
of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Drive, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Scott E. Guimond
- Centre
for Glycobiology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative
Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Maitreyi Shivkumar
- Centre
for Glycobiology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative
Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Jemma Blocksidge
- Centre
for Glycobiology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative
Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - James A. Austin
- Centre
for Glycobiology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative
Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Julie A. Leary
- Departments
of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Drive, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Jeremy E. Turnbull
- Centre
for Glycobiology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative
Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
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19
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Vilanova E, Glauser BF, Oliveira SNMCG, Tovar AMF, Mourão PAS. Update on Brazilian biosimilar enoxaparins. Expert Rev Hematol 2016; 9:1015-1021. [PMID: 27680213 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2016.1243052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brazil is among the first countries approving the commercialization and clinical use of biosimilar enoxaparins. Our research group has performed quality control assessments of these drugs over the last decade. Areas covered: We have not found noticeable differences between Brazilian biosimilar enoxaparins and the original product regarding their physicochemical properties, disaccharide composition, anticoagulant activity, bioavailability and safety. Expert commentary: In spite of clinical and pharmacological advantages of enoxaparin, subcutaneous formulations of unfractionated heparin are employed by the Brazilian public health system for prevention and treatment of thromboembolism. The underuse of both original and biosimilar enoxaparins in Brazil directly correlates with their high cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Vilanova
- a Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho and Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis , Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Bianca F Glauser
- a Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho and Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis , Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Stephan-Nicollas M C G Oliveira
- a Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho and Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis , Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Ana M F Tovar
- a Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho and Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis , Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Paulo A S Mourão
- a Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho and Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis , Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
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20
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Mourier PA, Herman F, Sizun P, Viskov C. Analytical comparison of a US generic enoxaparin with the originator product: The focus on comparative assessment of antithrombin-binding components. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 129:542-550. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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21
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Sun X, Sheng A, Liu X, Shi F, Jin L, Xie S, Zhang F, Linhardt RJ, Chi L. Comprehensive Identification and Quantitation of Basic Building Blocks for Low-Molecular Weight Heparin. Anal Chem 2016; 88:7738-44. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Sun
- National
Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory
of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, and State Key Laboratory
of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Department of Biology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Anran Sheng
- National
Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory
of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, and State Key Laboratory
of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Xinyue Liu
- National
Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory
of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, and State Key Laboratory
of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Department of Biology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Feng Shi
- Scientific
Research Division, Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jinan, Shandong 250101, China
| | - Lan Jin
- National
Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory
of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, and State Key Laboratory
of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Shaoshuai Xie
- National
Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory
of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, and State Key Laboratory
of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Department of Biology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Robert J. Linhardt
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Department of Biology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Lianli Chi
- National
Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory
of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, and State Key Laboratory
of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
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22
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Mani-Varnosfaderani A, Jamshidi M, Yeganeh A, Mahmoudi M. Concentration profiling of minerals in iliac crest bone tissue of opium addicted humans using inductively coupled plasma and discriminant analysis techniques. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 120:92-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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