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Papp LA, Hancu G, Szabó ZI. Simultaneous determination of enantiomeric and organic impurities of vildagliptin on a cellulose tris(3-chloro-4-methylphenylcarbamate) column under revered-phase conditions. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 234:115495. [PMID: 37343452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
A new, reversed-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of the dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV-inhibitor antidiabetic drug vildagliptin (VIL) enantiomeric impurity and four other achiral related impurities. An initial screening was performed on five polysaccharide-type chiral stationary phases (Lux Amylose-1, Lux Amylose-2, Lux-Cellulose-1, Lux-Cellulose-2, Lux-Cellulose-3) in polar organic mode with methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, or acetonitrile containing 0,1% diethylamine as mobile phase to identify the best conditions for the separation of VIL enantiomers. Lux-Cellulose-2 column was found to provide the best chiral resolution for VIL enantiomers. Further experiments were conducted using different aqueous-organic mobile phases to achieve the simultaneous chiral-achiral separation of the selected compounds. Experimental design-based optimization was performed by using a face-centered central composite design. The optimal separation conditions (Lux Cellulose-2 stationary phase, 45 °C, mobile phase consisting of methanol/water/diethylamine 80:20:0.2 (v/v/v), and 0.45 mL/min flow rate) provided baseline separation for all 6 compounds. The optimized method was validated according to the ICH guideline and proved to be reliable, specific, linear, precise, and accurate for the determination of at least 0.1% for all impurities in VIL samples. The validated method was applied for determinations from a commercially available drug formulation and proved to be suitable for routine quality control of both enantiomeric and organic impurities of VIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lajos-Attila Papp
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Gabriel Hancu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania.
| | - Zoltán-István Szabó
- Department of Drugs Industry and Pharmaceutical Management, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania
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2
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Polyakova EB, Sabirzyanov DR, Prozorova NA, Foteeva AV. Physicochemical Properties and Methods of Analysis of Vildagliptin (Review). Pharm Chem J 2022; 56:110-117. [PMID: 35370321 PMCID: PMC8964380 DOI: 10.1007/s11094-022-02606-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Vildagliptin is an oral agent which is a member of a new class of hypoglycemic drugs, dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors. This review presents the physicochemical properties of vildagliptin and assesses analysis methods for its estimation in substances, medicinal formulations, and biological media. These are chromatographic, spectrophotometric, electrochemical and other analysis methods. The material presented may be useful for developing new methods for analysis of medicinal formulations containing vildagliptin. The most widely used method for assay of vildagliptin is HPLC.
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3
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Using Metabolite Data to Develop Patient Centric Specification for Amide Impurity in Vildagliptin Tablets. Sci Pharm 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/scipharm90010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many specified impurities in vildagliptin’s finished product have been disclosed in the literature that are above their qualification threshold. We used the impurity B (amide impurity) as a case example to explore whether existing literature can be leveraged to determine the safe level of impurity and thereby develop a patient-centric specification (PCS) for impurities. No-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) was derived from rate metabolism information and converted to human equivalent dose (HED). The HED was estimated as 6.5 mg/day. The high qualification levels are supported by repeat dose toxicity studies performed in rats, mice and dogs. Maximum theoretical amount (MTA) was correlated with the maximum observed amount (MOA) to verify whether the exposure was due to impurity and/or metabolite. MOA/MTA was found ≥1 suggesting that metabolism contributed to the amount excreted in feces and therefore could be used to further justify a higher specification limit than the usual one of ≤0.5%. Quite often the drug metabolism and degradation pathways overlap, resulting in the formation of identical constituents. Therefore, metabolism data can be leveraged for deriving safe levels of degradation impurities and develop PCS for impurities.
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4
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Gumieniczek A, Berecka-Rycerz A, Fornal E, Żyżyńska-Granica B, Granica S. Comprehensive Insight into Chemical Stability of Important Antidiabetic Drug Vildagliptin Using Chromatography (LC-UV and UHPLC-DAD-MS) and Spectroscopy (Mid-IR and NIR with PCA). Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26185632. [PMID: 34577104 PMCID: PMC8472283 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
During forced degradation, the intrinsic stability of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) could be determined and possible impurities that would occur during the shelf life of the drug substance or the drug product could be estimated. Vildagliptin belongs to relatively new oral antidiabetic drugs named gliptins, inhibiting dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) and prolonging the activities of the endogenous incretin hormones. At the same time, some gliptins were shown as prone to degradation under specific pH and temperature conditions, as well as in the presence of some reactive excipients. Thus, forced degradation of vildagliptin was performed at high temperature in extreme pH and oxidative conditions. Then, selective LC-UV was used for quantitative determination of non-degraded vildagliptin in the presence of its degradation products and for degradation kinetics. Finally, identification of degradation products of vildagliptin was performed using an UHPLC-DAD-MS with positive ESI. Stability of vildagliptin was also examined in the presence of pharmaceutical excipients, using mid-IR and NIR with principal component analysis (PCA). At 70 °C almost complete disintegration of vildagliptin occurred in acidic, basic, and oxidative media. What is more, high degradation of vildagliptin following the pseudo first-order kinetics was observed at room temperature with calculated k values 4.76 × 10−4 s−1, 3.11 × 10−4 s−1, and 1.73 × 10−4 s−1 for oxidative, basic and acidic conditions, respectively. Next, new degradation products of vildagliptin were detected using UHPLC-DAD-MS and their molecular structures were proposed. Three degradants were formed under basic and acidic conditions, and were identified as [(3-hydroxytricyclo- [3.3.1.13,7]decan-1-yl)amino]acetic acid, 1-{[(3-hydroxytricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]decan-1-yl)amino]acetyl}-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid and its O-methyl ester. The fourth degradant was formed in basic, acidic, and oxidative conditions, and was identified as 1-{[(3-hydroxytricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]-decan-1-yl)amino]acetyl}pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide. When stability of vildagliptin was examined in the presence of four excipients under high temperature and humidity, a visible impact of lactose, mannitol, magnesium stearate, and polyvinylpirrolidone was observed, affecting-NH- and CO groups of the drug. The obtained results (kinetic parameters, interactions with excipients) may serve pharmaceutical industry to prevent chemical changes in final pharmaceutical products containing vildagliptin. Other results (e.g., identification of new degradation products) may serve as a starting point for qualifying new degradants of vildagliptin as it is related to substances in pharmacopoeias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gumieniczek
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+48-814-487-380; Fax:+48-814-487-381
| | - Anna Berecka-Rycerz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Emilia Fornal
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Barbara Żyżyńska-Granica
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Sebastian Granica
- Microbiota Lab, Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
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5
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Baksam V, Nimmakayala S, Devineni SR, Muchumarri RMR, Shandilya S, Kumar P. Isolation and characterization of thermal degradation impurity in brimonidine tartrate by HPLC, LC-MS/MS, and 2DNMR. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 205:114297. [PMID: 34391137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
One potential unknown impurity was detected during the analysis of stability batches of brimonidine tartrate (BMT) in the level ranging from 0.03 % to 0.06 % by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Based on the liquid chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (LC-MS) analysis, the unknown impurity structure was presumed as 3,6,11,13,16-pentaazatetracyclo [8.6.0.0²,⁷.0¹²,¹⁶] hexadeca-1,3,5,7,9,12-hexaene. The proposed structure was elucidated, after its isolation using preparative liquid chromatography from the impurity enriched reaction crude sample, using analytical applications such as 1D NMR (1H, 13C and DEPT-135), 2D NMR (HMBC and COSY), high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and infrared spectroscopy (IR). The unknown impurity was prepared from brimonidine by following Ullman coupling reaction in the presence of CuBr2 in gram scale with optimum purity to use further in analytical developments. The identification, structural elucidation and synthesis of unknown degradation impurity such as BMT-cyclized impurity, and HPLC method validation were reported for the first time in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayakumar Baksam
- Micro Labs Ltd, API R&D Centre, Plot No. 43-45, 4(th) Phase, KIADB, JB Link Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560105, India; JNTUA College of Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Kalikiri, Chittoor, 576213, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Saritha Nimmakayala
- JNTUA College of Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Kalikiri, Chittoor, 576213, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Subba Rao Devineni
- Micro Labs Ltd, API R&D Centre, Plot No. 43-45, 4(th) Phase, KIADB, JB Link Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560105, India
| | - Rama Mohan R Muchumarri
- Micro Labs Ltd, API R&D Centre, Plot No. 43-45, 4(th) Phase, KIADB, JB Link Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560105, India
| | - Sanjeev Shandilya
- Micro Labs Ltd, API R&D Centre, Plot No. 43-45, 4(th) Phase, KIADB, JB Link Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560105, India
| | - Pramod Kumar
- Micro Labs Ltd, API R&D Centre, Plot No. 43-45, 4(th) Phase, KIADB, JB Link Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560105, India
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6
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Ferrazza Alves Giordani C, Campanharo S, Ribeiro Wingert N, Maronesi Bueno L, Wittckind Manoel J, Virginia Garcia C, Maria Volpato N, Dineck Iop G, de Azevedo Mello P, Marlon de Moraes Flores E, Eva Scherman Schapoval E, Steppe M. UPLC-ESI/Q-TOF MS/MS Method for Determination of Vildagliptin and its Organic Impurities. J Chromatogr Sci 2020; 58:718-725. [PMID: 32705127 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmaa040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Vildagliptin (VLG) corresponds to a drug used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. This disease requires continuous treatment, and so the control of impurities present in it is important to assure the quality of this drug. Thus, it is necessary to use sensitive and selective detection techniques and the ultra-performance liquid chromatography is a better option compared with high-performance liquid chromatography because it enhances the separation efficiency with a shorter analysis time and an increased resolution. This research analysis was accomplished by using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry, and the quantification was performed by using an extracted ion from the VLG drug and its main organic impurities of synthesis. During the validation process, following international standards, the method proved to be linear for the tree substances (R2 = 0.997-0.998) and the analysis of variance showed a non-significant linearity deviation (P > 0.05). Three critical factors were selected to evaluate method robustness with a full factorial experimental design, and the changes in the parameters were found to be not significant for the quantification of VLG and its impurities. The ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of impurities in VLG was precise, accurate and robust proving to be effective for analysis in the pharmaceutical industry and to improve the quality, safety and effectiveness of the new drug developed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Campanharo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)
| | - Nathalie Ribeiro Wingert
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)
| | - Lívia Maronesi Bueno
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)
| | - Joanna Wittckind Manoel
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)
| | - Cássia Virginia Garcia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)
| | - Nadia Maria Volpato
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)
| | | | | | | | | | - Martin Steppe
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)
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7
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Arar S, Al-Qudah E, Alzweiri M, Sweidan K. New forced degradation products of vildagliptin: Identification and structural elucidation using LC-MS, with proposed formation mechanisms. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2020.1779084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharif Arar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Enas Al-Qudah
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Muhammad Alzweiri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Kamal Sweidan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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8
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Bruguière A, Derbré S, Dietsch J, Leguy J, Rahier V, Pottier Q, Bréard D, Suor-Cherer S, Viault G, Le Ray AM, Saubion F, Richomme P. MixONat, a Software for the Dereplication of Mixtures Based on 13C NMR Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2020; 92:8793-8801. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Bruguière
- SONAS, EA921, UNIV Angers, SFR QUASAV, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, 16 Bd Daviers, 49045 Angers cedex 01, France
| | - Séverine Derbré
- SONAS, EA921, UNIV Angers, SFR QUASAV, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, 16 Bd Daviers, 49045 Angers cedex 01, France
| | - Joël Dietsch
- SONAS, EA921, UNIV Angers, SFR QUASAV, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, 16 Bd Daviers, 49045 Angers cedex 01, France
- JEOL Europe SAS, 1 Allée de Giverny, 78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Jules Leguy
- LERIA, EA2645, UNIV Angers, SFR MathSTIC, Faculty of Sciences, 2 boulevard Lavoisier, 49045 Angers cedex 01, France
| | - Valentine Rahier
- LERIA, EA2645, UNIV Angers, SFR MathSTIC, Faculty of Sciences, 2 boulevard Lavoisier, 49045 Angers cedex 01, France
| | - Quentin Pottier
- SONAS, EA921, UNIV Angers, SFR QUASAV, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, 16 Bd Daviers, 49045 Angers cedex 01, France
| | - Dimitri Bréard
- SONAS, EA921, UNIV Angers, SFR QUASAV, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, 16 Bd Daviers, 49045 Angers cedex 01, France
| | - Sorphon Suor-Cherer
- SONAS, EA921, UNIV Angers, SFR QUASAV, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, 16 Bd Daviers, 49045 Angers cedex 01, France
| | - Guillaume Viault
- SONAS, EA921, UNIV Angers, SFR QUASAV, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, 16 Bd Daviers, 49045 Angers cedex 01, France
| | - Anne-Marie Le Ray
- SONAS, EA921, UNIV Angers, SFR QUASAV, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, 16 Bd Daviers, 49045 Angers cedex 01, France
| | - Frédéric Saubion
- LERIA, EA2645, UNIV Angers, SFR MathSTIC, Faculty of Sciences, 2 boulevard Lavoisier, 49045 Angers cedex 01, France
| | - Pascal Richomme
- SONAS, EA921, UNIV Angers, SFR QUASAV, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, 16 Bd Daviers, 49045 Angers cedex 01, France
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Hemanth Kumar P, Jyothish Kumar L, Pavithrra G, Rajasekaran R, Vijayakumar V, Karan R, Sarveswari S. Design, synthesis and exploration of in silico α-amylase and α-glucosidase binding studies of pyrrolidine-appended quinoline-constrained compounds. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-019-04068-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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10
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Bratty MA, Murayzin H, Almanaa A, Tawhari MQ, Rehman ZU, Alhazmi HA, Javed SA, Alam MS. Quantitative Conductometric Determination of Sitagliptin, Linagliptin, Vildagliptin and Alogliptin by Applying the Concept of Drug-Metal Ion Interaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.13005/ojc/350518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cost of analysis and length of analytical procedure are among the most concerning factors in drug analysis. As conductometric analysis has been considered to be relatively inexpensive analytical technique offering fast analysis of drugs, in this study our aim was to develop a rapid and cost-effective method for quantitative determination of sitagliptin, linagliptin, vildagliptin and alogliptin in bulk and dosage forms. The test drugs were allowed to complex with metal ion (Cu2+) in the titration cell, which resulted in the change of conductance of the solution. The corrected conductance was calculated and graph was plotted between corrected conductance and the volume of the analyte solution added. The point of maximum change in the corrected conductance was considered as end point of the titration. The method was found to be linear in the concentration range of 1.0 – 1.4 mM for all analytes with good correlation coefficient (R2 ˃ 0.999). The %RSD of the corrected conductance values were in the range of 0.046-1.837, while the recovery of analytes were within 100 ± 2%, indicating that the method was precise and accurate. The specificity of the method was demonstrated by no interference from blank and placebo. The method was successfully applied for quantitative analysis of all the drugs in the dosage forms. The current method has a major advantage that it provided easy, fast and economical analysis of sitagliptin, linagliptin, vildagliptin and alogliptin in bulk drugs and formulations using conductivity meter.
KEYWORDS:
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al- Bratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, P.O. Box 114, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatim Murayzin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, P.O. Box 114, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Almanaa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, P.O. Box 114, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Qasem Tawhari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, P.O. Box 114, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zia Ur Rehman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, P.O. Box 114, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A. Alhazmi
- Substance Abuse Research Centre, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, 45142, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sadique Akhtar Javed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, P.O. Box 114, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Shamsher Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, P.O. Box 114, 45142, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Awasthi AK, Kumar L, Tripathi P, Golla M, Reddy CS, Kumar P. Prospects to the formation and control of potential dimer impurity E of pantoprazole sodium sesquihydrate. J Pharm Anal 2019; 9:170-177. [PMID: 31297294 PMCID: PMC6598172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pantoprazole sodium, a substituted benzimidazole derivative, is an irreversible proton pump inhibitor which is primarily used for the treatment of duodenal ulcers, gastric ulcers, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The monographs of European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.) and United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) specify six impurities, viz.; impurities A, B, C, D, E and F, respectively for its active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). The identification and synthesis of all impurities except impurity E are well described in the literature; however, there is no report related to impurity E. The prospects to the formation and controlling of impurity E up to ≤0.03% in the synthesis of pantoprazole sodium sesquihydrate (PAN) were discussed in detail for the first time. The present work described the journey towards the successful development of an optimal preparation procedure of dimer impurity E. The most plausible mechanism involved in the formation of impurity E has been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar Awasthi
- Micro Labs Ltd., Chemical Research Department, API R&D Centre, Plot No. 43-45, KIADB, IVth Phase, Bommasandra-Jigani Link Road, Anekal Taluk, Bangalore, 560105, Karnataka, India
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Lalit Kumar
- Micro Labs Ltd., Chemical Research Department, API R&D Centre, Plot No. 43-45, KIADB, IVth Phase, Bommasandra-Jigani Link Road, Anekal Taluk, Bangalore, 560105, Karnataka, India
| | - Punit Tripathi
- Micro Labs Ltd., Chemical Research Department, API R&D Centre, Plot No. 43-45, KIADB, IVth Phase, Bommasandra-Jigani Link Road, Anekal Taluk, Bangalore, 560105, Karnataka, India
| | - Madhava Golla
- Micro Labs Ltd., Chemical Research Department, API R&D Centre, Plot No. 43-45, KIADB, IVth Phase, Bommasandra-Jigani Link Road, Anekal Taluk, Bangalore, 560105, Karnataka, India
| | - Cirandur Suresh Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Pramod Kumar
- Micro Labs Ltd., Chemical Research Department, API R&D Centre, Plot No. 43-45, KIADB, IVth Phase, Bommasandra-Jigani Link Road, Anekal Taluk, Bangalore, 560105, Karnataka, India
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12
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Shelke M, Deshpande SS, Sharma S. Quinquennial Review of Progress in Degradation Studies and Impurity Profiling: An Instrumental Perspective Statistics. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2019; 50:226-253. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2019.1615863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Madhav Shelke
- School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
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13
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Kumar N, Devineni SR, Gajjala PR, Dubey SK, Kumar P. Synthesis, isolation, identification and characterization of new process-related impurity in isoproterenol hydrochloride by HPLC, LC/ESI-MS and NMR. J Pharm Anal 2017; 7:394-400. [PMID: 29404065 PMCID: PMC5790752 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
One unknown impurity (Imp-II) during the analysis of laboratory batches of isoproterenol hydrochloride was detected in the level ranging from 0.04% to 0.12% by high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. The unknown impurity structure was proposed as 4-[2-(propan-2-ylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol (Imp-II) using the liquid chromatography--mass spectrophotometry (LC--MS) analysis. Imp-II was isolated by semi-preparative liquid chromatography from the impurity-enriched reaction crude sample. Its proposed structure was confirmed by nuclear magnetic spectroscopy such as 1H, 13C, DEPT (1D NMR), HSQC (2D NMR) and infrared spectroscopy (IR), and retention time and purity with HPLC followed by the chemical synthesis. Due to less removable nature of Imp-II during the purification, the synthetic process was optimized proficiently to control the formation of Imp-II below to the limit<0.12% in the course of reaction. The new chemical route was developed for the preparation of this impurity in required quantity with purity to use as reference standard. The most probable mechanism for the formation of Imp-II was discussed in details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Kumar
- Chemical Research Department, Micro Labs Ltd, API Division, Bommasandra-Jigani Link Road, KIADB INDL Area, Bommasandra, Bangalore 560105, Karnataka, India
| | - Subba Rao Devineni
- Chemical Research Department, Micro Labs Ltd, API Division, Bommasandra-Jigani Link Road, KIADB INDL Area, Bommasandra, Bangalore 560105, Karnataka, India
| | - Prasad Reddy Gajjala
- Chemical Research Department, Micro Labs Ltd, API Division, Bommasandra-Jigani Link Road, KIADB INDL Area, Bommasandra, Bangalore 560105, Karnataka, India
| | - Shailendra Kumar Dubey
- Chemical Research Department, Micro Labs Ltd, API Division, Bommasandra-Jigani Link Road, KIADB INDL Area, Bommasandra, Bangalore 560105, Karnataka, India
| | - Pramod Kumar
- Chemical Research Department, Micro Labs Ltd, API Division, Bommasandra-Jigani Link Road, KIADB INDL Area, Bommasandra, Bangalore 560105, Karnataka, India
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Potential impurities of anxiolytic drug, clobazam: Identification, synthesis and characterization using HPLC, LC-ESI/MSn and NMR. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 137:268-278. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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15
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Identification, synthesis and structural characterization of process related and degradation impurities of acrivastine and validation of HPLC method. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 133:15-26. [PMID: 27969063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Four impurities (Imp-I-IV) were detected using gradient HPLC method in few laboratory batches of acrivastine in the level of 0.03-0.12% and three impurities (Imp-I-III) were found to be known and one (Imp-IV) was unknown. In forced degradation study, the drug is degraded into four degradation products under oxidation and photolytic conditions. Two impurities (Imp-III and -IV) were concurred with process related impurities whereas Imp-V and -VI were identified as new degradation impurities. Based on LC-ESI/MSn study, the chemical structures of new impurities were presumed as 1-[(2E)-3-(4-methylphenyl)-3-{6-[(1E)-3-oxobut-1-en-1-yl]pyridin-2-yl}prop-2-en-1-yl]pyrrolidin-1-ium-1-olate (Imp-IV), 1-{[3-(4-methylphenyl)-3-{6-[(1E)-3-oxobut-1-en-1-yl]pyridin-2-yl}oxiran-2-yl]methyl}pyrrolidin-1-ium-1-olate (Imp-V) and 2-[2-(4-methylphenyl)-3-[(1-oxidopyrrolidin-1-ium-1-yl)methyl]oxiran-2-yl]-6-[(1E)-3-oxobut-1-en-1-yl]pyridin-1-ium-1-olate (Imp-VI), and confirmed by their synthesis followed by spectroscopic analysis, IR, NMR (1H, 13C) and mass. An efficient and selective high-performance liquid chromatography method has been developed and resolved well the drug related substances on a Phenomenex Gemini C-18 (250×4.6mm, particle size 5μm) column. The mobile phase was composed of sodium dihydrogen phosphate (10mM) and methanol, temperature at 25°C, and a PDA detector set at 254nm used for detection. The method was validated with respect to specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, and sensitivity and satisfactory results were achieved. Identification, synthesis, characterization of impurities and method validation were first reported in this paper.
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