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Gonçalves J, Rosado T, Barroso M, Restolho J, Fernández N, Luís Â, Gallardo E, Duarte AP. Comparative study of sample preparation procedures to determine the main compounds in ayahuasca beverages by QuEChERS and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2024; 35:1371-1382. [PMID: 38699824 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ayahuasca is a psychoactive drink originally consumed by indigenous people of the Amazon. The lack of regulation of this drink leads to uncontrolled consumption, and it is often consumed in religious contexts. OBJECTIVE The aim of this work is to compare three miniaturised extraction techniques for extracting the main ayahuasca compounds from beverages. METHODOLOGY Three sample pretreatment techniques were evaluated (dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction [DLLME], microextraction by packed sorbent [MEPS] and QuEChERS [Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe]) for the simultaneous extraction of N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), tetrahydroharmine (THH), harmine, harmaline, harmol and harmalol from ayahuasca beverage samples. Then, the most promising technique (QuEChERS) was chosen to pre-concentrate the analytes, subsequently detected by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). RESULTS The procedure was optimised, with the final conditions being 500 μL of extractor solvent, 85 mg of primary secondary amine (PSA) and 4 s of vortexing. The analytical method was validated, showing to be linear between 0.16 and 10 μg/mL for β-carbolines and between 0.016 and 1 μg/mL for DMT, with coefficients of determination (R2) between 0.9968 and 0.9993. The limit of detection (LOD) and lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) were 0.16 μg/mL for all compounds, except for DMT (0.016 μg/mL) and extraction efficiencies varied between 60.2% and 88.0%. CONCLUSION The analytical methodology proved to be accurate and precise, with good linearity, LODs and LLOQs. This method has been fully validated and successfully applied to ayahuasca beverage samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Gonçalves
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Tiago Rosado
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Mário Barroso
- Serviço de Química e Toxicologia Forenses, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal e Ciências Forenses, Delegação do Sul, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Nicolás Fernández
- Cátedra de Toxicología y Química Legal, Laboratorio de Asesoramiento Toxicológico Analítico (CENATOXA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ângelo Luís
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Eugenia Gallardo
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Duarte
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
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Berlato DG, Bezerra Pacheco AL, Ugalde GA, Reginato FZ, Saldanha GDA, Oliveira TFD, Eller S, Bairros AVD. Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) for determination of tricyclic antidepressants in whole blood and plasma samples and analysis by liquid chromatography with diode array detector (LC-DAD). Toxicol Mech Methods 2024; 34:189-202. [PMID: 37830174 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2023.2269236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Microextractions have been developed for the tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) analysis in biological matrices, including dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME). The proposed DLLME employed 490 µL of biological sample (whole blood or plasma), which were added 15 mg of NaCl, 10 µL of medazepam as internal standard (10 µg/mL) and 100 µL of 2 M NaOH. This mixture was homogenized by vortex (2800 rpm/10 s) and 400 µL of hexane (extractor solvent) with 600 µL of methanol (dispersing solvent) were added to the sample. After the vortex step (2800 rpm/5 s), an ultrasonic bath for 300 s was employed. Then, this content was centrifuged (10 min/10000 rpm), organic phase was collected and dried under air flow. After, 30 µL of the mobile phase was used for resuspension and 20 µL is injected into LC-DAD. This method was optimized and fully validated according to UNODC and SWGTOX guidelines, reaching limits of detection equivalent to analytical methodologies that employ mass spectrometry (MS). Also, it was applied in real cases involving suspected exposure to TCAs. So, the developed DLLME for the determination of TCAs in whole blood and plasma samples proved to be a simple, reliable, robust and reproducible method that can be used in toxicology and clinical laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dener Gomes Berlato
- Nucleous Applied to Toxicology (NAT), Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - André Lucas Bezerra Pacheco
- Nucleous Applied to Toxicology (NAT), Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Andrade Ugalde
- Nucleous Applied to Toxicology (NAT), Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ziegler Reginato
- Nucleous Applied to Toxicology (NAT), Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Geovane de Almeida Saldanha
- Nucleous Applied to Toxicology (NAT), Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Tiago Franco de Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Sarah Eller
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - André Valle de Bairros
- Nucleous Applied to Toxicology (NAT), Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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Green bioanalysis: an innovative and eco-friendly approach for analyzing drugs in biological matrices. Bioanalysis 2022; 14:881-909. [PMID: 35946313 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2022-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Green bioanalytical techniques aim to reduce or eliminate the hazardous waste produced by bioanalytical technologies. A well-organized and practical approach towards bioanalytical method development has an enormous contribution to the green analysis. The selection of the appropriate sample extraction process, organic mobile phase components and separation technique makes the bioanalytical method green. UHPLC-MS is the best option, whereas supercritical fluid chromatography is one of the most effective green bioanalytical procedures. Nevertheless, there remains excellent scope for further research on green bioanalytical methods. This review details the various sample preparation techniques that follow green analytical chemistry principles. Furthermore, it presents green solvents as a replacement for conventional organic solvents and highlights the strategies to convert modern analytical techniques to green methods.
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Roszkowska A, Plenis A, Kowalski P, Bączek T, Olędzka I. Recent advancements in techniques for analyzing modern, atypical antidepressants in complex biological matrices and their application in biomedical studies. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ghorbani M, Mohammadi P, Keshavarzi M, Ziroohi A, Mohammadi M, Aghamohammadhasan M, Pakseresht M. Developments of Microextraction (Extraction) Procedures for Sample Preparation of Antidepressants in Biological and Water Samples, a Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 53:1285-1312. [PMID: 34955046 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.2018648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Antidepressants are an important class of drugs to treat various types of depression. The determination of antidepressants is crucial in biological samples to control adverse effects in humans and study pharmacokinetics and bioavailability. Direct measurement of antidepressants in biological and water samples is a considerable challenge for analysts due to their low concentration, the high matrix effects of real samples, and the presence of metabolites of these drugs in biological samples. The challenge leads to using sample preparation processes as a critical step in determining antidepressants. Extraction and microextraction procedures have been widely utilized as sample preparation procedures for these drugs. The purposes of extraction or microextraction methods for antidepressant medications are to preconcentrate the analyte, reduce the matrix effects, increase the selectivity of the procedures, and convert the sample to a suitable format for introducing it into detection systems. In the review, the various extraction and microextraction methods of these drugs in biological, real water, and wastewater samples were investigated. The theory of each technique was briefly addressed to understand the features and factors affecting each method. The extraction and microextraction methods were classified based on their application for antidepressants, and the advantages and disadvantages of each technique were reviewed. The new developments to overcome the limitations of each procedure were discussed. The investigation indicated the number of applications of liquid-phase microextraction for extracting antidepressants has been almost equal to that of solid-phase microextraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Ghorbani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Parisa Mohammadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Majid Keshavarzi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Ziroohi
- Department of biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Morteza Mohammadi
- School of Medicine, Sechenov University of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Maryam Pakseresht
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Chen L, Wang J, Xu T, Feng X, Huang C, Shen X. Recent sample pretreatment methods for determination of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in biological samples. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 206:114364. [PMID: 34543943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) such as fluoxetine (FLU), sertraline (SER), paroxetine (PAR), fluvoxamine (FLV) and citalopram (CIT) have been the first treatment drugs for pregnant and breastfeeding women. Quantitative analysis of SSRIs in biological samples is extremely needed in public health and clinical practice. During the analysis, sample pretreatment is an important step that can obtain an accurate quantitative analysis of SSRIs in the complex samples. The present paper discussed the recent development of sample preparation methods for SSRI analysis. Traditional sample preparation techniques such as liquid liquid extraction (LLE) and solid phase extraction (SPE), which have been widely used in the separation of SSRIs in biological samples, were extensively presented. Moreover, the new sample preparation techniques including liquid phase microextraction (LPME), solid phase microextraction (SPME), electromembrane extraction (EME) and other miniaturized extraction techniques, which are becoming highly popular in SSRI analysis, were also critically reviewed. In this review, both the advantages and disadvantages of these sample pretreatment methods were addressed. As a summary, we prospected the challenges and promising directions for the future of sample pretreatment methods in SSRI analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Tyllis Xu
- Shanghai American School, 258 Jinfeng Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 201107, China; Wuhan Egaotech Company Lmt., 9F, Building 3, Science and Technolge new energy Base, East Lake High-Tech District, Wuhan 430075, China
| | - Xinrui Feng
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chuixiu Huang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiantao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Development of a method for assessing the accumulation and metabolization of antidepressant drugs in zebrafish (Danio rerio) eleutheroembryos. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:5169-5179. [PMID: 34195876 PMCID: PMC8405463 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03486-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Antidepressant drugs are widely used for the treatment of common mental or other psychiatric disorders such as depression, which affect about 121 million people worldwide. This widespread use has contributed to the input of these pharmaceuticals and their metabolites into the environment. The aim of this work was to develop an analytical method to quantify the most widely used antidepressant drugs, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), and their main metabolites in the environment. For this, a new and reliable miniaturized extraction method based on dispersive SPE cleanup procedure for extraction of SSRI followed by derivatization with n-heptafluorobutyrylimidazole, and detection by GC-MS was developed. The methodology, including a first-order one-compartment model, was then applied to a bioconcentration study in zebrafish (Danio rerio) eleutheroembryos. The results showed low bioaccumulation of these compounds; however, a biotransformation evidence of the parent compounds into their metabolites was observed after 6 h of exposure. These results indicate the need to integrate metabolic transformation rates to fully model and understand the bioaccumulation patterns of SSRI and their metabolites. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Zhu R, Dong X, Zhang D, Liu X, Ye Y, Jiang Y. Simultaneous Quantification of 38 Psychotropic Drugs and Relevant Metabolites in Blood using LC-MS-MS. J Anal Toxicol 2021; 45:397-409. [PMID: 32754749 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkaa085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The trend for the concomitant prescription of antidepressants and antipsychotics is increasing. This calls for a veracious screening and quantifying method for forensic and clinical use. In this study, a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination and quantification of 38 antidepressants, antipsychotics and relevant metabolites in small volumes (200 μL) of human whole blood. Analytes and deuterated internal standards were extracted using liquid-liquid extraction. The separation, determination and quantification of the analytes were performed using an LC-MS-MS system equipped with an ACQUITY UPLC® BEH Phenyl Column under a positive electrospray ionization mode. After validation, the analytical procedure was proved to be highly sensitive, with a limit of detection ranging from 0.0005 to 1 ng/mL and a lower limit of quantification ranging from 0.002 to 2 ng/mL. Bias and within- and between-run precision were within 14.7% for all analytes. Recoveries were reproducible and those of 35 analytes were >50%. Dilution integrity was evaluated to ensure that the therapeutic and toxic blood concentration ranges of target compounds were fully covered. Finally, this method was applied to authentic whole blood samples collected from two forensic cases, which demonstrated its practical usefulness of providing accurate and comprehensive information concerning the previous medication of the deceased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongzhe Zhu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoru Dong
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dingang Zhang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaochen Liu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yonghong Ye
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Arabkhani B, Goudarzi N, Bagherian G, Chamjangali MA. Application of Tandem Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction as an Efficient Method for Preconcentration of Two Antidepressant Drugs in Real Samples Combined with High Performance Liquid Chromatography. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 60:96-103. [PMID: 33870416 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmab038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, tandem dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (TDLLME) coupled with liquid chromatography was used for the determination of the two antidepressant drugs citalopram (CIT) and sertraline (SER) in complicated matrices. Indeed, the present approach was used to improve the suitability and appropriateness of the dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) method in complicated matrices. Firstly, 10 mL of the sample solution containing the two understudied drugs was extracted into an organic solvent (200 μL of 1,2-dichloromethane) using the DLLME method. Then the extracted analytes were back-extracted into 100 μL of an aqueous acceptor phase. The total extraction time of this method is about 6 min. To achieve the best efficiency for this method, efficient parameters like the kind and volume of the organic solvent and the effect of the ionic strength on the effectiveness of extraction were reviewed and improved. Under the optimized experimental conditions, TDLLME showed good linearity in the range of 100.0-7000.0 ng mL-1. The limits of detection were found to be 10.0 ng mL-1 for CIT and 2.0 ng mL-1 for SER. The relative standard deviation (RSD) is obtained in the range of 0.7-4.1%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahare Arabkhani
- Faculty of Chemistry, Shahrood University of Technology, P.O. Box 36155-316, Shahrood, Iran
| | - Nasser Goudarzi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Shahrood University of Technology, P.O. Box 36155-316, Shahrood, Iran
| | - Ghadamali Bagherian
- Faculty of Chemistry, Shahrood University of Technology, P.O. Box 36155-316, Shahrood, Iran
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Determination of teicoplanin in human plasma by reverse micelle mediated dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1643:462058. [PMID: 33756356 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A reverse micelle mediated dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (RM-DLLME) combined with high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UV) was developed for extraction and determination of 5 A2 components of teicoplanin (TA2-1, TA2-2, TA2-3, TA2-4, TA2-5) in human plasma, and the mechanism of RM-DLLME was analysed and explored. In this method, 80 µL of the reverse micelle solution of cetylpyridinium chloride/n-hexanol (15 mmol/L) was used as the extraction solvent for the separation, extraction and enrichment of the teicoplanin in plasma sample. All factors affecting the extraction efficiencies of the target analytes, such as the amounts of acetonitrile and chloroform, the type and volume of reverse micelle solution, pH and volume of sample phase, dispersant, salt addition, extraction mode and time, centrifugation rate and time, were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the 5 A2 components of teicoplanin achieved effective enrichment with the enrichment factors of 228-347 and obtained good linearity in the range of 0.8375-100.5 µg/mL with correlation coefficients higher than 0.9960. The limits of detection were ranged between 0.5025-3.015 µg/mL. Relative standard deviation values of the method precisions were lower than 10.6% and the average recoveries were in the range of 82.7-111.3%. The determination results of the method were demonstrated with favorable characteristics, such as high enrichment, good selectivity and sensitivity, satisfactory precision and accuracy, and this method could be employed to analysis of the teicoplanin in human plasma samples.
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Bazargan M, Mirzaei M, Amiri A, Ritchie C. Efficient dispersive micro solid-phase extraction of antidepressant drugs by a robust molybdenum-based coordination polymer. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:108. [PMID: 33660036 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-04767-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A molybdenum-based coordination polymer {[Mo(PDA)(NO)(μ-O)MoO3]·1.42H2O·0.58C2H5OH}n (1) (PDA is 1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-dicarboxylate) was synthesized using solvothermal reaction conditions and characterized using a suite of analytical techniques. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies reveal a 1D chain structure, with close contacts expanding the structure into 3D including π-interactions and hydrogen bonding. The utility of 1 as a sorbent for dispersive micro solid-phase extraction (D-μSPE) of basic organic compounds such as antidepressants is supported by the presence of many functional groups on the surface of 1 (such as pendant carboxylates, Mo=O, Mo-NO, and CH groups) as well as extensive electrostatic interactions. Therefore, 1 can be a suitable choice as sorbent in the D-μSPE of antidepressant drugs from human plasma samples via appreciable adsorbate-adsorbent interactions. Determination of the extracted antidepressant drugs was conducted using high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (HPLC-UV), with calibration plots being linear in the concentration range 0.1-500 ng mL-1 for amitriptyline and nortriptyline, 0.2-500 ng mL-1 for imipramine, and 0.5-300 ng mL-1 for sertraline. The relative standard deviation (RSD) values were calculated for both intra-day and inter-day precision, and the RSD% values were in the range 3.9 to 5.2% and 4.6-5.4%, respectively. The limits of detection (LODs) was determined as 0.03-0.2 ng mL-1. Due to the good stability and reusability of the sorbent, the adsorption capacity had no obvious decrease after being used 20 times. Finally, the D-μSPE-HPLC-UV method was applied for the determination of antidepressant drugs in human plasma samples with recoveries of the analytes in the range 94.9 to 102%. The article describes the synthesis of a robust molybdenum-based coordination polymer, and its application as sorbent for dispersive micro solid-phase extraction of antidepressant drugs from human plasma samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Bazargan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, 9177948974, Iran
| | - Masoud Mirzaei
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, 9177948974, Iran.
| | - Amirhassan Amiri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, 96179-76487, Iran.
| | - Chris Ritchie
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
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Kahl JMM, da Cunha KF, Rodrigues LC, Chinaglia KDO, Oliveira KD, Costa JL. Quantification of amphetamine and derivatives in oral fluid by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 196:113928. [PMID: 33581589 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.113928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The abuse of stimulants such as amphetamine, methamphetamine, ecstasy (MDMA), and their analogues (MDEA and MDA) has been increasing considerably worldwide since 2009. In this work, an analytical method using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) to determine amphetamine and derivatives in oral fluid samples by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed and validated. Linearity was achieved between 20 to 5000 ng/mL (r>0.992, 1/x² weighted linear regression), with a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 20 ng/mL. Imprecision (%relative standard deviation) and bias (%) were not higher than 9.1 and -12.3%, respectively. The matrix effect was lower than 14.6%, with no carryover observed up to 5000 ng/mL and no interference with 10 different oral fluid matrix sources and against 14 pharmaceuticals and other common drugs of abuse. MDMA, MDA, and MDEA in processed samples were stable up to 24 h at autosampler (10°C); and amphetamine and methamphetamine up to 18 h. The developed method was successfully applied to authentic oral fluid analyses (n = 140). The proposed method is an example of the Green Analytical Toxicology, since it reduces both the amount of solvent required in samples preparation and the quantity of solvents and reagents used in analytical-instrumental stage, as well as requires a minimal sample volume, being a cheaper, quicker and more ecological alternative to conventional methods. Obtained results showed that DLLME extraction combined with LC-MS/MS is a fast and simple method to quantify amphetamine derivatives in oral fluid samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Martinelli Magalhães Kahl
- Campinas Poison Control Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-859, Brazil; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-859, Brazil
| | - Kelly Francisco da Cunha
- Campinas Poison Control Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-859, Brazil; Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-859, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Costalonga Rodrigues
- Campinas Poison Control Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-859, Brazil; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-859, Brazil
| | - Kauê de Oliveira Chinaglia
- Campinas Poison Control Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-859, Brazil; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-859, Brazil
| | - Karina Diniz Oliveira
- Campinas Poison Control Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-859, Brazil; Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-859, Brazil
| | - Jose Luiz Costa
- Campinas Poison Control Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-859, Brazil; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-859, Brazil.
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Mohammadi P, Masrournia M, Es’haghi Z, Pordel M. Hollow fiber coated Fe3O4@Maleamic acid-functionalized graphene oxide as a sorbent for stir bar sorptive extraction of ibuprofen, aspirin, and venlafaxine in human urine samples before determining by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-021-02185-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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14
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Cabarcos-Fernández P, Tabernero-Duque MJ, Álvarez-Freire I, Bermejo-Barrera AM. Determination of Seven Antidepressants in Pericardial Fluid by Means of Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction (DLLME) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). J Anal Toxicol 2021; 46:bkab003. [PMID: 33410888 PMCID: PMC8866815 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkab003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Although blood is often used to detect and quantify the presence of drugs, there are some instances where samples obtained from other biological matrices, like pericardial fluid (PF), are necessary since adequate blood samples may not be available. PF is an epicardial transudate, which contains plasma components that include toxicological substances making this sample useful when blood samples are not available. This fluid is a well preserved postmortem sample and can easily be collected in larger amounts without significant contamination, compared with other body fluids. Although studies involving PF began around the 1980's, the adequacy of such fluid as a biological matrix has been poorly investigated. Antidepressants are frequently detected in postmortem samples from forensic cases. Nowadays, they constitute some of the most commonly prescribed drugs worldwide. A total of seven antidepressants (venlafaxine, mirtazapine, olanzapine, paroxetine, sertraline, fluoxetine and citalopram) were evaluated in this study. A new extraction method involving dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) is presented in which chloroform and acetonitrile are determined to be the best extraction and dispersing solvents. The experimental design was achieved using StatGraphics 18. The Response Surface Methodology enabled us to know the optimal volume for the two solvents used in the DLLME. The detection technique used was gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with electron impact ionization as ionization source. A temperature gradient has been used and the total chromatographic separation time was 19.43 min. Validation results met the international validation guidances (FDA). Under the optimal condition, the method offered good validation parameters showing a new efficient, simple, rapid, and sensitive method. The analytical method was applied to thirty-one pericardial fluid samples. Twenty-one samples were positive with concentrations between 0.19 and 8.48 µg/mL. Venlafaxine and olanzapine were the antidepressants most frequently found.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Cabarcos-Fernández
- Forensic Toxicology Service, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, C/San Francisco s/n, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña 15782, Spain
| | - M J Tabernero-Duque
- Forensic Toxicology Service, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, C/San Francisco s/n, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña 15782, Spain
| | - I Álvarez-Freire
- Forensic Toxicology Service, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, C/San Francisco s/n, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña 15782, Spain
| | - A M Bermejo-Barrera
- Forensic Toxicology Service, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, C/San Francisco s/n, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña 15782, Spain
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Jain R, Kumari A, Khatri I. Simple and rapid analysis of acetaminophen in human autopsy samples by vortex‐assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction‐thin layer chromatography‐image analysis. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202000092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Jain
- Forensic Toxicology Division Central Forensic Science Laboratory Chandigarh India
| | - Aparna Kumari
- Forensic Toxicology Division Central Forensic Science Laboratory Chandigarh India
| | - Indu Khatri
- Forensic Toxicology Division Central Forensic Science Laboratory Chandigarh India
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Effective extraction methodology for the isolation of antidepressants from human blood. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-020-02643-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The objective of this study is to choose the best methodology containing a high-efficiency extraction technique and an extraction agent for the isolation of antidepressants, such as citalopram, fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline, and venlafaxine, from human blood samples. In this research, various extraction agents have been examined to achieve the highest efficiency of the conducted process. Moreover, the following most available extraction techniques have been investigated and compared: liquid–liquid extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, and microwave-assisted extraction. The obtained extracts have been analysed with the application of the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. The conducted research has confirmed that the microwave-assisted extraction with ethyl acetate—the average extraction efficiency is 77.4 ± 2.7%—onstitute the most promising extraction method and the agent. Furthermore, the developed method was successfully applied to the analysis of the whole blood samples collected from patients treated with the analysed drugs. It should be emphasised that choice of extraction and solvent methods are the first steps to develop the methods allowing for determination of antidepressants in whole blood for toxicological and clinical purposes.
Graphic abstract
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17
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Investigating the Utility of Fabric Phase Sorptive Extraction and HPLC-UV-Vis/DAD to Determine Antidepressant Drugs in Environmental Aqueous Samples. SEPARATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/separations7030039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is considered to be one of the most prevalent mental disorders in humans. Antidepressant drugs are released in large concentrations and cause adverse effects on the environment and/or human health. Fabric Phase Sorptive Extraction (FPSE), a contemporary solid sorbent-handling technique, is a quick, sensitive, and simple analytical process. This paper describes a micro-extraction FPSE procedure coupled with High-Performance Liquid-Chromatography–Photodiode Array Detection (FPSE-HPLC–DAD) for the simultaneous extraction and analysis of five antidepressants, namely citalopram, clozapine, mirtazapine, bupropion and sertraline. Three fabric media (Whatman Cellulose filter, Whatman Microfiber Glass filter and Polylactic acid disks) and two different sol–gel sorbents (polyethylene glycol (PEG 300), alongside poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-PPG-PEG 5.800)) were tested. The best FPSE device was observed to be the microfiber glass filter coated with PEG 300 sol–gel sorbent. In addition, the parameters that affect the efficiency of the process (FPSE media and sorbents, sample pH, extraction time, elution time, etc.) were optimized. The proposed methodology displays a linear range with absolute recovery values higher than 60%, RSD% of less than 13% and LOQs in the range between 1.9–10.7 μg·L−1. Finally, the method was applied in hospital and urban effluents and lake water samples, but none of the analytes were detected.
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Sefaty B, Masrournia M, Es’haghi Z, Bozorgmehr MR. Determination of Tramadol and Fluoxetine in Biological and Water Samples by Magnetic Dispersive Solid-Phase Microextraction (MDSPME) with Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). ANAL LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2020.1786695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Banafsheh Sefaty
- Department of Chemistry, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Zarrin Es’haghi
- Department of Chemistry, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran
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Moreira BJ, Schiave LCA, Martinez R, Dias SG, Masetto de Gaitani C. Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by green high-performance liquid chromatography for fluconazole determination in cerebrospinal fluid with the aid of chemometric tools. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:3106-3114. [PMID: 32930170 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay00704h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A new method, simple and fast, for fluconazole (FLU) quantification in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) and an eco-friendly mobile phase for HPLC-PDA was developed. The study of DLLME extraction condition covered the investigation of 12 combinations of extraction and disperser solvents followed by a fractional factorial design 2(7-3) to determine the influence of seven factors. After this stage, a central composite design was performed for three factors and a response surface was obtained. Aiming a compromise between a good recovery and a low organic solvent use it was established an extraction condition that consists of: 100 μL of chloroform, 100 μL of isopropyl alcohol, 200 μL of CSF, 200 μL of 50 mM phosphate buffer pH 7.3 and centrifugation for 5 min at 2200g and 4 °C. The HPLC analysis used an Ascentis® Express C18 column (100 mm × 4.6 mm, 2.7 μm) and an Ascentis® Express C18 guard column (3 mm × 4.6 mm, 2.7 μm), ethanol : water (15 : 85, v/v) as mobile phase, temperature of 45 °C, flow rate of 0.8 mL min-1 and phenacetin as internal standard. The method validation was performed according to European Agency's Guideline on Bioanalytical Validation Methodology and a linear range was obtained from 0.25 to 62.5 μg mL-1, with precision and accuracy within the recommended limits and recovery of 70% for FLU and 81% for phenacetin. Samples were stable in the studies performed and the method showed to be selective and with no carryover effect. The feasibility of the obtained method was confirmed by FLU determination at a CSF from a patient who was treated for neuromycosis. Therefore, here is described a method that meets many principles of green analytical chemistry and is useful for FLU therapeutic monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Juliana Moreira
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Letà Cia Aparecida Schiave
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberto Martinez
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Samuel Generoso Dias
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo (IFSP), Campus São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Masetto de Gaitani
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Dalgıç Bozyiğit G, Fırat Ayyıldız M, Chormey DS, Onkal Engin G, Bakırdere S. Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Based Preconcentration of Selected Pesticides and Escitalopram Oxalate, Haloperidol, and Olanzapine from Wastewater Samples Prior to Determination by GC-MS. J AOAC Int 2020; 104:91-97. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsaa082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Determination of emerging pollutants including pharmaceuticals, pesticides, industrial chemicals and hormones in different environmental samples is very important for human health.
Objective
Experimental design enabled parameters to be evaluated for their effects onextraction output as well as their interactive effects.
Method
A multivariate experimental design was used to attain optimum conditions of a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method for preconcentration of pesticides and pharmaceuticals for determination by GC-MS.
Results
The optimum parameters suggested by the design model were 200 µL of chloroform, 1.96 mL of ethanol, and 40 s vortexing period. LOD and LOQ were calculated using linear calibration plots of the analytes developed in the standard concentration range of 2.0 μg/L–2.0 mg/L.
Conclusions
Enhancement in detection power of the analytes recorded by the optimized method with respect to direct GC-MS determination (based on LOD values) was in the range of 3.6 and 539 folds. Spiked recovery experiments for municipal, medical, and synthetic wastewater samples yielded low recovery results when calculated against aqueous standard solutions. Matrix matched calibration standards were used to mitigate interferences from the waste samples and the percent recoveries obtained were close to 100%. This established accuracy and applicability of the developed method.
Highlights
The detection limits were found between 0.50 ng/mL and 37 ng/mL. An accurate, simple and sensitive analytical method was developed for the analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Dalgıç Bozyiğit
- Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, 34220 İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Fırat Ayyıldız
- Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Chemistry, 34220 İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Dotse Selali Chormey
- Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Chemistry, 34220 İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Güleda Onkal Engin
- Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Chemistry, 34220 İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Sezgin Bakırdere
- Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Chemistry, 34220 İstanbul, Turkey
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Mohebi A, Farajzadeh MA, Jouyban A, Nemati M, Afshar Mogaddam MR. Development of Sodium Sulfate Induced Water Based Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction for the Extraction of Four Tricyclic Antidepressants in Urine Samples Prior to Their Determination by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.34172/ps.2020.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Because of the narrow therapeutic range of tricyclic antidepressant drugs, their determination in biological samples is of great importance. In this work, a fast and environment friendly sample pretreatment method based on a dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction was developed for the extraction and preconcentration of four tricyclic antidepressants including nortriptyline, amitriptyline, desipramine, and clomipramine in urine prior to their determinations by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Methods: In the suggested method, an appropriate mixture of Na2SO4 solution (as phase separation agent and disperser) containing isopropanol (extraction solvent) is rapidly injected into an alkaline aqueous sample solution containing Na2SO4 and the analytes. As a result, a cloudy mixture is formed and the tiny droplets of the extractant containing the extracted analytes are collected on the surface of the aqueous phase after centrifuging. Finally, an aliquot of the collected organic phase is removed and injected into the separation system for the quantitative analysis. Results: Under the optimum conditions, the enrichment factors and extraction recoveries were in the ranges of 380–440 and 76–88%, respectively. The limits of detection and quantification were obtained in the ranges of 11–24, and 41–75 ng/L, respectively. The relative standard deviations of the proposed method were ≤ 6.1% for intra– (n=6) and inter–day (n=4) precisions at a concentration of 100 ng/L of each analyte. Conclusion: The introduced method was satisfactorily utilized for the simultaneous determination of the selected tricyclic antidepressant drugs in the patient’s urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mohebi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mir Ali Farajzadeh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
- Engineering Faculty, Near East University, 99138, Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Abolghasem Jouyban
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Pharmacy Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahboob Nemati
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Halal Research Center, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Afshar Mogaddam
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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22
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Ismailzadeh A, Masrournia M, Es’haghi Z, Bozorgmehr MR. An environmentally friendly sample pre-treatment method based on magnetic ionic liquids for trace determination of nitrotoluene compounds in soil and water samples by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry using response surface methodology. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-020-01131-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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23
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Khalilzadeh MA, Tajik S, Beitollahi H, Venditti RA. Green Synthesis of Magnetic Nanocomposite with Iron Oxide Deposited on Cellulose Nanocrystals with Copper (Fe3O4@CNC/Cu): Investigation of Catalytic Activity for the Development of a Venlafaxine Electrochemical Sensor. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b06214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A. Khalilzadeh
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695, United States
| | - Somayeh Tajik
- Research Center for Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616913555, Iran
| | - Hadi Beitollahi
- Environment Department, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman 7631818356, Iran
| | - Richard A. Venditti
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695, United States
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24
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Carabajal M, Teglia CM, Cerutti S, Culzoni MJ, Goicoechea HC. Applications of liquid-phase microextraction procedures to complex samples assisted by response surface methodology for optimization. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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25
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Magnetic solid-phase extraction coupled with UHPLC-MS/MS for four antidepressants and one metabolite in clinical plasma and urine samples. Bioanalysis 2019; 12:35-52. [PMID: 31849264 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2019-0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Routine therapeutic drug monitoring is highly recommended since common antidepressant combinations increase the risk of drug-drug interactions or overlapping toxicity. Materials & methods: A magnetic solid-phase extraction by using C18-functionalized magnetic silica nanoparticles (C18-Fe3O4@SiO2 NPs) as sorbent was proposed for rapid extraction of venlafaxine, paroxetine, fluoxetine, norfluoxetine and sertraline from clinical plasma and urine samples followed by ultra-HPLC-MS/MS assay. Results: The synthesized C18-Fe3O4@SiO2 NPs showed high magnetization and efficient extraction for the analytes. After cleanup by magnetic solid-phase extraction, no matrix effects were found in plasma and urine matrices. The analytes showed LODs among 0.15-0.75 ng ml-1, appropriate linearity (R ≥ 0.9990) from 2.5 to 1000 ng ml-1, acceptable accuracies 89.1-110.9% with precisions ≤11.0%. The protocol was successfully applied for the analysis of patients' plasma and urine samples. Conclusion: It shows high potential in routine therapeutic drug monitoring of clinical biological samples.
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26
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Murtada K, de Andrés F, Zougagh M, Ríos Á. Strategies for antidepressants extraction from biological specimens using nanomaterials for analytical purposes: A review. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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27
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Pirdadeh-Beiranvand M, Afkhami A, Madrakian T. Ionic liquid-coated magnetic SiO2@Fe3O4 nanocomposite for temperature-assisted solid-phase extraction of venlafaxine. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-019-01679-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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28
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Zilfidou E, Kabir A, Furton KG, Samanidou V. An improved fabric phase sorptive extraction method for the determination of five selected antidepressant drug residues in human blood serum prior to high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1125:121720. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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29
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Fuentes AMA, Fernández P, Fernández AM, Carro AM, Lorenzo RA. Microextraction by packed sorbent followed by ultra high performance liquid chromatography for the fast extraction and determination of six antidepressants in urine. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:2053-2061. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Ares Fuentes
- Department of Analytical ChemistryFaculty of Chemistry and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS)University of Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela La Coruña Spain
| | - Purificación Fernández
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Forensic Toxicology ServiceUniversity of Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela La Coruña Spain
| | | | - Antonia M Carro
- Department of Analytical ChemistryFaculty of Chemistry and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS)University of Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela La Coruña Spain
| | - Rosa Antonia Lorenzo
- Department of Analytical ChemistryFaculty of Chemistry and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS)University of Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela La Coruña Spain
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Reichert JF, Souza DM, Martins AF. Antipsychotic drugs in hospital wastewater and a preliminary risk assessment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 170:559-567. [PMID: 30576891 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The residues of pharmaceutical and personal care products are the cause of increasing concern around the world. The aim of this study was to carry out the quantification of six antipsychotic drugs in hospital wastewater with the aid of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and, subsequently, make a preliminary assessment of the environmental risk posed. Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and solid phase extraction were optimized by multivariate design and validated in compliance with international guidelines. The extraction procedures were successfully applied to the quantification of the six selected antipsychotics in samples that were formed each day and collected at two main sampling points of the sewage network over the period of a week, in December 2017. Olanzapine (0.31─0.52 µg L-1), clozapine (0.56─0.97 µg L-1), haloperidol (1.43─2.73 µg L-1), risperidone (0.92─0.98 µg L-1) and chlorpromazine (0.52 µg L-1) were found in at least one sampling point. In the case of most analytes, the highest concentrations were determined at sampling point A, which are derived from the psychiatric wing. The environmental risk quotient for clozapine, chlorpromazine and risperidone was ˃600, a very high-risk index, which signals the need for a better control of the emission of antipsychotics and an improvement of the wastewater treatment, especially, with regard to wastewater discharged from the hospital psychiatric wing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline F Reichert
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Campus Camobi, CEP 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Darliana M Souza
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Campus Camobi, CEP 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Ayrton F Martins
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Campus Camobi, CEP 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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31
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Current direction and advances in analytical sample extraction techniques for drugs with special emphasis on bioanalysis. Bioanalysis 2019; 11:313-332. [PMID: 30663327 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2018-0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Analytical techniques may not be compatible or sufficiently sensitive to the analytes, unless it undergoes a specific sample extraction procedure. Sample extraction can be considered as one of the key steps in analysis. Analysis of a poorly treated sample may produce inferior quality of analytical data. Continuous advancement and development of newer sample extraction techniques such as solid phase microextraction, ultrasound, magnetically and microwave assisted magnetic extraction; electro-membrane extraction and dried blood spotting are to address the shortcomings of the existing techniques and to provide more automation, minimizing preparation time and make them high throughput. This review summarizes the suitability of application of the advanced sample preparation techniques available for chemical and bioanalysis in a comprehensive manner. This review also provides a scientific guidance for selecting the appropriate sample extraction technique based on sample type.
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32
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Applications and opportunities of experimental design for the dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method – A review. Talanta 2018; 190:335-356. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Belinato JR, Dias FFG, Caliman JD, Augusto F, Hantao LW. Opportunities for green microextractions in comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography / mass spectrometry-based metabolomics - A review. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1040:1-18. [PMID: 30327098 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Microextractions have become an attractive class of techniques for metabolomics. The most popular technique is solid-phase microextraction that revolutionized the field of modern sample preparation in the early nineties. Ever since this milestone, microextractions have taken on many principles and formats comprising droplets, fibers, membranes, needles, and blades. Sampling devices may be customized to impart exhaustive or equilibrium-based characteristics to the extraction method. Equilibrium-based approaches may rely on additional methods for calibration, such as diffusion-based or on-fiber kinetic calibration to improve bioanalysis. In addition, microextraction-based methods may enable minimally invasive sampling protocols and measure the average free concentration of analytes in heterogeneous multiphasic biological systems. On-fiber derivatization has evidenced new opportunities for targeted and untargeted analysis in metabolomics. All these advantages have highlighted the potential of microextraction techniques for in vivo and on-site sampling and sample preparation, while many opportunities are still available for laboratory protocols. In this review, we outline and discuss some of the most recent applications using microextractions techniques for comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-based metabolomics, including potential research opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- João R Belinato
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology in Bioanalysis (INCTBio), Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Fernanda F G Dias
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology in Bioanalysis (INCTBio), Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline D Caliman
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology in Bioanalysis (INCTBio), Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Fabio Augusto
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology in Bioanalysis (INCTBio), Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Leandro W Hantao
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil.
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A simple poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene)-coated glass blood spot method for monitoring of seven antidepressants using capillary liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Talanta 2018; 188:772-778. [PMID: 30029445 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A simple, rapid, selective and sensitive monitoring method for the simultaneous determination of the widely-prescribed antidepressants agomelatine, bupropion, citalopram, fluoxetine, mirtazapine, paroxetine, trazodone in just a human blood drop is here developed and validated. This methodology is based on the use of lab manufactured poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene)-coated glass (PS-DVB) blood spot for the extraction of the analytes and their subsequent separation and detection by capillary liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (CLC-MS). Briefly, 10 mm-side squares were punched out from blood spots collected on glass substrate coated by 10 µg of the PS-DVB polymer and eluted with 1.0 mL of 2.0% acetic acid in methanol. The analytes were then separated and detected in less than 20 min by capillary CLC-MS using a Jupiter 4 µm Proteo 90 Å column and water: acetonitrile (20:80 v/v) and ammonium acetate (5 mM, pH 3.0) as mobile phase. Limit of detection (LOD) ranged from 0.018 to 0.038 µg mL-1, and remarkable precision values for the responses and retention times lower than 5.89% and 1.92% were calculated, respectively. Moreover, accuracy values ranging between 85% and 104% were obtained.
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35
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Recent advances in biological sample preparation methods coupled with chromatography, spectrometry and electrochemistry analysis techniques. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Moghadam AG, Rajabi M, Asghari A. Efficient and relatively safe emulsification microextraction using a deep eutectic solvent for influential enrichment of trace main anti-depressant drugs from complicated samples. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1072:50-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Mansour FR, Khairy MA. Pharmaceutical and biomedical applications of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1061-1062:382-391. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Chen X, Zheng S, Le J, Qian Z, Zhang R, Hong Z, Chai Y. Ultrasound-assisted low-density solvent dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the simultaneous determination of 12 new antidepressants and 2 antipsychotics in whole blood by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 142:19-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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39
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Liu X, Xie S, Ni T, Chen D, Wang X, Pan Y, Wang Y, Huang L, Cheng G, Qu W, Liu Z, Tao Y, Yuan Z. Magnetic solid-phase extraction based on carbon nanotubes for the determination of polyether antibiotic and s-triazine drug residues in animal food with LC-MS/MS. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:2416-2430. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxing Liu
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products; Wuhan Hubei China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Shuyu Xie
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues; Wuhan Hubei China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Tengteng Ni
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products; Wuhan Hubei China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Dongmei Chen
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products; Wuhan Hubei China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Yuanhu Pan
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Yulian Wang
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products; Wuhan Hubei China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Lingli Huang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues; Wuhan Hubei China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Guyue Cheng
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Wei Qu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Zhenli Liu
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Yanfei Tao
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products; Wuhan Hubei China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Zonghui Yuan
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues; Wuhan Hubei China
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products; Wuhan Hubei China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan Hubei China
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40
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Ultrasound assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography designated for bioavailability studies of felodipine combinations in rat plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1046:200-210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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41
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Vaghar-Lahijani G, Aberoomand-Azar P, Saber-Tehrani M, Soleimani M. Application of ionic liquid-based ultrasonic-assisted microextraction coupled with HPLC for determination of citalopram and nortriptyline in human plasma. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2016.1274999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Parviz Aberoomand-Azar
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saber-Tehrani
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Soleimani
- Department of Chemistry, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, Iran
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42
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Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) optimization for determination of designer drugs (cathinones) and drugs abuse in oral fluid. Toxicol Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.1678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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43
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Arghavani-Beydokhti S, Asghari A, Bazregar M, Rajabi M. Application of a tandem air-agitated liquid–liquid microextraction technique based on solidification of floating organic droplets as an efficient extraction method for determination of cholesterol-lowering drugs in complicated matrices. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra19414a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To enhance sample clean-up in dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction in complicated matrices, a low-toxicity and sensitive extraction method, tandem air-agitated liquid–liquid microextraction, based on solidification of floating organic droplets is introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alireza Asghari
- Department of Chemistry
- Semnan University
- Semnan 2333383-193
- Iran
| | | | - Maryam Rajabi
- Department of Chemistry
- Semnan University
- Semnan 2333383-193
- Iran
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