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Gritti F, Meyyappan S. Physical origin of the peak tailing of monoclonal antibodies in size-exclusion chromatography using bio-compatible systems and columns. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:1281-1291. [PMID: 38236392 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-05119-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The analysis of mixtures containing monoclonal antibody (mAb) (approximately 150 kDa molecular weight) and sub-unit impurities (approximately 100 kDa) is challenging, even when adopting the latest ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) columns (4.6 mm [Formula: see text] 150 mm coated hardware, 1.7 [Formula: see text]m 250 BEH[Formula: see text] Surface-modified Particles) and systems (ACQUITY[Formula: see text] UPLC[Formula: see text] I-class Bio Plus). The main issue still encountered is a persistent tail of the mAb peak. Here, the physical origin(s) of such peak tailing in size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) are investigated from both fundamental and practical approaches. Up to five relevant physical origins are analyzed: sample heterogeneity (glycoforms), UHPLC system dispersion, strong residual binding of the mAb to the SEC particles (via hydrophobic and/or electrostatic interactions) and to the stainless steel column/system hardware, slow escape kinetics of the mAb from the SEC particles, and flow heterogeneity caused by the non-ideal slurry packing of SEC columns. Experiments (testing sample heterogeneity, system dispersion, and strong residual interactions) and calculations (predicting the transient absorption/escape kinetics in a single SEC particle and the two-dimensional peak concentration profiles) altogether unambiguously demonstrate that the observed mAb peak tailing is caused primarily by the long-range velocity biases across the SEC column combined with the slow transverse dispersion of mAbs. Therefore, improvement in the resolution between mAb and sub-unit fragment impurities can only be achieved by increasing the column length, e.g., by applying recycling chromatography at acceptable pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Gritti
- Waters Corporation, Instrument/Core Research/Fundamental, Milford, MA, 01757, USA.
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2
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Ferencz E, Kelemen ÉK, Obreja M, Tóth G, Urkon M, Zöldhegyi A, Sipos E, Szabó ZI. The Applicability of Chromatographic Retention Modeling on Chiral Stationary Phases in Reverse-Phase Mode: A Case Study for Ezetimibe and Its Impurities. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16097. [PMID: 38003286 PMCID: PMC10671152 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic modeling is useful for predicting and modulating selectivity even in early chromatographic method development. This approach is also in accordance with current analytical quality using design principles and is highly welcomed by the authorities. The aim of this study was to investigate the separation behavior of two different types of chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for the separation of ezetimibe and its related substances using the mechanistic retention modeling approach offered by the Drylab software (version 4.5) package. Based on the obtained results, both CSPs presented with chemoselectivity towards the impurities of ezetimibe. The cyclodextrin-based CSP displayed a higher separation capacity and was able to separate seven related substances from the active pharmaceutical ingredient, while the cellulose-based column enabled the baseline resolution of six impurities from ezetimibe. Generally, the accuracy of predicted retention times was lower for the polysaccharide CSP, which could indicate the presence of additional secondary interactions between the analytes and the CSP. It was also demonstrated that the combination of mechanistic modeling and an experimental design approach can be applied to method development on CSPs in reverse-phase mode. The applicability of the methods was tested on spiked artificial placebo samples, while intraday and long-term (2 years) method repeatability was also challenged through comparing the obtained retention times and resolution values. The results indicated the excellent robustness of the selected setpoints. Overall, our findings indicate that the chiral columns could offer orthogonal selectivity to traditional reverse-phase columns for the separation of structurally similar compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elek Ferencz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
- Gedeon Richter Romania S.A., Analytical Development Department, 540306 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Éva-Katalin Kelemen
- Gedeon Richter Romania S.A., Analytical Development Department, 540306 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Mona Obreja
- Gedeon Richter Romania S.A., Analytical Development Department, 540306 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Gergő Tóth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Melinda Urkon
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Arnold Zöldhegyi
- Molnár-Institute for Applied Chromatography, 10407 Berlin, Germany
| | - Emese Sipos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Industry and Management, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Zoltán-István Szabó
- Department of Pharmaceutical Industry and Management, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
- Sz-imfidum Ltd., 525401 Lunga, Romania
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3
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Alhazmi HA, Albratty M. Analytical Techniques for the Characterization and Quantification of Monoclonal Antibodies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:291. [PMID: 37259434 PMCID: PMC9967501 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are a fast-growing class of biopharmaceuticals. They are widely used in the identification and detection of cell makers, serum analytes, and pathogenic agents, and are remarkably used for the cure of autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, or malignancies. The successful application of therapeutic mAbs is based on their ability to precisely interact with their appropriate target sites. The precision of mAbs rely on the isolation techniques delivering pure, consistent, stable, and safe lots that can be used for analytical, diagnostic, or therapeutic applications. During the creation of a biologic, the key quality features of a particular mAb, such as structure, post-translational modifications, and activities at the biomolecular and cellular levels, must be characterized and profiled in great detail. This implies the requirement of powerful state of the art analytical techniques for quality control and characterization of mAbs. Until now, various analytical techniques have been developed to characterize and quantify the mAbs according to the regulatory guidelines. The present review summarizes the major techniques used for the analyses of mAbs which include chromatographic, electrophoretic, spectroscopic, and electrochemical methods in addition to the modifications in these methods for improving the quality of mAbs. This compilation of major analytical techniques will help students and researchers to have an overview of the methodologies employed by the biopharmaceutical industry for structural characterization of mAbs for eventual release of therapeutics in the drug market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan A. Alhazmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Albratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
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Duivelshof B, Zöldhegyi A, Guillarme D, Lauber M, Fekete S. Expediting the chromatographic analysis of COVID-19 antibody therapeutics with ultra-short columns, retention modeling and automated method development. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 221:115039. [PMID: 36115204 PMCID: PMC9465490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated the emergency use authorization (EUA) of several new therapeutics and vaccines. Several monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were among those authorized for use, and they have served a purpose to provide passive immunity and to help minimize dangerous secondary effects in at-risk and hospitalized patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. With an EUA submission, scientific data on a drug candidate is often collected near simultaneously alongside drug development. In such a situation, there is little time to allow misguided method development nor time to wait on traditional turnaround times. We have taken this dilemma as a chance to propose new means to expediting the chromatographic characterization of protein therapeutics. To this end, we have combined the use of automated, systematic modeling and ultrashort LC columns to quickly optimize high throughput RP, IEX, HILIC and SEC separations for two COVID-19-related mAbs. The development and verification of these four complementary analytical methods required only 2 days of experimental work. In the end, one chromatographic analysis can be performed with a sub-2 min run time such that it is feasible to comprehensively characterize a COVID-19 mAb cocktail by 4 different profiling techniques within a 1-hour turnaround time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastiaan Duivelshof
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Davy Guillarme
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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5
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Guillarme D, Bouvarel T, Rouvière F, Heinisch S. A simple mathematical treatment for predicting linear solvent strength behaviour in gradient elution: application to biomolecules. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:3276-3285. [PMID: 35562641 PMCID: PMC9543774 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes an approach to rapidly and easily calculate the linear solvent strength parameters, namely log k0 and S, under reversed‐phase liquid chromatography conditions. This approach, which requires two preliminary gradient experiments to determine the retention parameters, was applied to various representative compounds including small molecules, peptides, and proteins. The retention time prediction errors were compared to the ones obtained with a commercial HPLC modeling software, and a good correlation was found between the values. However, two important constraints have to be accounted for to maintain good predictions with this new approach: i) the retention factor at the initial composition of the preliminary gradient series have to be large enough (i.e., log ki above 2.1) and ii) the retention models have to be sufficiently linear. While these two conditions are not always met with small molecules or even peptides, the situation is different with large biomolecules. This is why our simple calculation method should be preferentially applied to calculate the linear solvent strength parameters of protein samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, Geneva 4, 1211, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, Geneva 4, 1211, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Bouvarel
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, Geneva 4, 1211, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, Geneva 4, 1211, Switzerland
| | - Florent Rouvière
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques, Université de Lyon, UMR 5280 CNRS, 5 rue de la Doua, Villeurbanne, 69100, France
| | - Sabine Heinisch
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques, Université de Lyon, UMR 5280 CNRS, 5 rue de la Doua, Villeurbanne, 69100, France
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6
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Liu T, Tao Y, Xia X, Zhang Y, Deng R, Wang Y. Analytical tools for antibody–drug conjugates: from in vitro to in vivo. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Cavaco M, Castanho MARB, Neves V. The Use of Antibody-Antibiotic Conjugates to Fight Bacterial Infections. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:835677. [PMID: 35330773 PMCID: PMC8940529 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.835677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is rapidly increasing and it is one of the significant twenty-first century’s healthcare challenges. Unfortunately, the development of effective antimicrobial agents is a much slower and complex process compared to the spread of AMR. Consequently, the current options in the treatment of AMR are limited. One of the main alternatives to conventional antibiotics is the use of antibody-antibiotic conjugates (AACs). These innovative bioengineered agents take advantage of the selectivity, favorable pharmacokinetic (PK), and safety of antibodies, allowing the administration of more potent antibiotics with less off-target effects. Although AACs’ development is challenging due to the complexity of the three components, namely, the antibody, the antibiotic, and the linker, some successful examples are currently under clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cavaco
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Miguel A R B Castanho
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vera Neves
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Bobály B, Keresztfalvi A, Gräber T, Schwarz MA. Superheated reversed phase chromatography with ultrashort columns for the analysis of therapeutic proteins. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 203:114162. [PMID: 34082141 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Mild or elevated temperatures are routinely used for the analysis of therapeutic proteins by reversed phase liquid chromatography. Generic conditions can be used for the analysis of monoclonal antibodies, and may be adapted for species derived thereof, for instance their immuno-conjugates. Beyond platform monoclonal antibodies, many novel, non-covalent protein complexes are also frequently pursued as protein therapeutics. These complexes, in reverse phased chromatography, may require extremely harsh, superheated conditions to dissociate and elute as interpretable profiles. In order to minimize on-column degradation under superheated conditions, the analysis time has to be reduced as much as possible. Using ultrashort columns and fast gradients is a promising approach in achieving informative separations within a minute, or even faster. Here the applicability of this approach, which supports maintaining levels of degradation products close to the intrinsic sample composition without further on-column degradation is demonstrated. NISTmAb as conventional IgG, a bispecific homodimer and a bispecific homotetramer were used for demonstrating differences in the elution characteristics and the necessity of using the proposed approach. The analysis of the bispecific homodimer was discussed in detail as a case study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Bobály
- Solvias AG, R&D Biopharmaceuticals, Römerpark 2, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland.
| | - Alex Keresztfalvi
- Solvias AG, R&D Biopharmaceuticals, Römerpark 2, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Gräber
- Solvias AG, R&D Biopharmaceuticals, Römerpark 2, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Maria Anna Schwarz
- Solvias AG, R&D Biopharmaceuticals, Römerpark 2, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
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9
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Fekete S, Bobály B, Nguyen JM, Beck A, Veuthey JL, Wyndham K, Lauber MA, Guillarme D. Use of Ultrashort Columns for Therapeutic Protein Separations. Part 1: Theoretical Considerations and Proof of Concept. Anal Chem 2020; 93:1277-1284. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Szabolcs Fekete
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Balázs Bobály
- Research and Development Biopharmaceuticals, Solvias AG, Römerpark 2, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer M. Nguyen
- Waters Corporation, 34 Maple Street, Milford, Massachusetts 01757-3696, United States
| | - Alain Beck
- Center of Immunology Pierre Fabre, 5 Avenue Napole′on III, BP 60497, 74160 Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Jean-Luc Veuthey
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Kevin Wyndham
- Waters Corporation, 34 Maple Street, Milford, Massachusetts 01757-3696, United States
| | - Matthew A. Lauber
- Waters Corporation, 34 Maple Street, Milford, Massachusetts 01757-3696, United States
| | - Davy Guillarme
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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10
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Current and future trends in reversed-phase liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry of therapeutic proteins. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.115962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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11
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Matsuda Y, Kliman M, Mendelsohn BA. Application of Native Ion Exchange Mass Spectrometry to Intact and Subunit Analysis of Site-Specific Antibody-Drug Conjugates Produced by AJICAP First Generation Technology. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:1706-1712. [PMID: 32608232 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are at the forefront of the next generation of oncology biopharmaceuticals. Conventional ADCs involve stochastic conjugation of the antibody to a cytotoxic drug, creating a highly heterogeneous product. The resulting stochastic distribution often leads to a narrow therapeutic index and makes it difficult to analyze the composition of heterogeneous ADCs. With the goal of overcoming these issues, we developed a site-specific conjugation technology, named AJICAP, for production of low heterogeneity ADCs. For analysis of these site-specific ADCs, we report herein strong cation exchange chromatography coupled with UV and mass spectrometry detection (SCX-UV-MS). Retention time reproducibility after SCX column equilibration enabled monitoring of important changes in product quality. SCX-UV-MS performed with MS-compatible mobile phases was conducted for intact native ADC analysis, allowing drug-antibody ratio characterization and charge variant characterization in single analysis. Furthermore, subunit analysis of the site-specific ADCs by native SCX-UV-MS confirmed the Fc site selectivity of ADCs generated by AJICAP conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Matsuda
- Ajinomoto Bio-Pharma Services, 11040 Roselle Street, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Michal Kliman
- Waters Corporation, 34 Maple Street, Milford, Massachusetts 01757-3696, United States
| | - Brian A Mendelsohn
- Ajinomoto Bio-Pharma Services, 11040 Roselle Street, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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12
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Goyon A, Kim M, Dai L, Cornell C, Jacobson F, Guillarme D, Stella C. Streamlined Characterization of an Antibody–Drug Conjugate by Two-Dimensional and Four-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2019; 91:14896-14903. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Goyon
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CMU, Rue Michel-Servet, 1, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michael Kim
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Lu Dai
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Christopher Cornell
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Fred Jacobson
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CMU, Rue Michel-Servet, 1, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cinzia Stella
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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13
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Fekete S, Beck A, Veuthey JL, Guillarme D. Proof of Concept To Achieve Infinite Selectivity for the Chromatographic Separation of Therapeutic Proteins. Anal Chem 2019; 91:12954-12961. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Szabolcs Fekete
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CMU, Rue Michel-Servet, 1, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alain Beck
- Center of Immunology Pierre Fabre, 5 Avenue Napoléon III, BP 60497, 74160 Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Jean-Luc Veuthey
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CMU, Rue Michel-Servet, 1, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CMU, Rue Michel-Servet, 1, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
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14
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Matsuda Y, Robles V, Malinao MC, Song J, Mendelsohn BA. Comparison of Analytical Methods for Antibody–Drug Conjugates Produced by Chemical Site-Specific Conjugation: First-Generation AJICAP. Anal Chem 2019; 91:12724-12732. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Matsuda
- Ajinomoto Bio-Pharma Services, 11040 Roselle Street, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Veronica Robles
- Ajinomoto Bio-Pharma Services, 11040 Roselle Street, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | | | - James Song
- Phenomenex, Inc., 411 Madrid Avenue, Torrance, California 90501, United States
| | - Brian A. Mendelsohn
- Ajinomoto Bio-Pharma Services, 11040 Roselle Street, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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15
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Beck A, D’Atri V, Ehkirch A, Fekete S, Hernandez-Alba O, Gahoual R, Leize-Wagner E, François Y, Guillarme D, Cianférani S. Cutting-edge multi-level analytical and structural characterization of antibody-drug conjugates: present and future. Expert Rev Proteomics 2019; 16:337-362. [DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2019.1578215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Beck
- Biologics CMC and Developability, IRPF - Centre d’Immunologie Pierre-Fabre (CIPF), Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Valentina D’Atri
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CMU, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anthony Ehkirch
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, IPHC UMR 7178, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Szabolcs Fekete
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CMU, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Oscar Hernandez-Alba
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, IPHC UMR 7178, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Rabah Gahoual
- Unité de Technologies Biologiques et Chimiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), Paris 5-CNRS UMR8258 Inserm U1022, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Leize-Wagner
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS), UMR 7140, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yannis François
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS), UMR 7140, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Davy Guillarme
- Biologics CMC and Developability, IRPF - Centre d’Immunologie Pierre-Fabre (CIPF), Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Sarah Cianférani
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, IPHC UMR 7178, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
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16
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Is hydrophobic interaction chromatography the most suitable technique to characterize site-specific antibody-drug conjugates? J Chromatogr A 2019; 1586:149-153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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17
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Bobály B, Veuthey JL, Guillarme D, Fekete S. New developments and possibilities of wide-pore superficially porous particle technology applied for the liquid chromatographic analysis of therapeutic proteins. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 158:225-235. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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18
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Implementation of a generic liquid chromatographic method development workflow: Application to the analysis of phytocannabinoids and Cannabis sativa extracts. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 155:116-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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19
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Utility of a high coverage phenyl-bonding and wide-pore superficially porous particle for the analysis of monoclonal antibodies and related products. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1549:63-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Buecheler JW, Winzer M, Weber C, Gieseler H. High-throughput oxidation screen of antibody-drug conjugates by analytical protein A chromatography following IdeS digest. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 70:625-635. [PMID: 29380379 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oxidation of protein therapeutics is a major chemical degradation pathway which may impact bioactivity, serum half-life and stability. Therefore, oxidation is a relevant parameter which has to be monitored throughout formulation development. Methods such as HIC, RPLC and LC/MS achieve a separation of oxidized and non-oxidized species by differences in hydrophobicity. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) although are highly more complex due to the heterogeneity in linker, drug, drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) and conjugation site. The analytical protein A chromatography can provide a simple and fast alternative to these common methods. METHODS A miniature analytical protein A chromatography method in combination with an IdeS digest was developed to analyse ADCs. The IdeS digest efficiency of an IgG1 was monitored using SEC-HPLC and non-reducing SDS-PAGE. An antibody-fluorescent dye conjugate was conjugated at different dye-to-antibody ratios as model construct to mimic an ADC. KEY FINDINGS With IdeS, an almost complete digest of a model IgG1 can be achieved (digested protein amount >98%). This enables subsequent analytical protein A chromatography, which consequently eliminates any interference of payload with the stationary phase. CONCLUSION A novel high-throughput method for an interchain cysteine-linked ADC oxidation screens during formulation development was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob W Buecheler
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
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Neupane R, Bergquist J. Analytical techniques for the characterization of Antibody Drug Conjugates: Challenges and prospects. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2017; 23:417-426. [PMID: 29183195 DOI: 10.1177/1469066717733919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Antibody drug conjugates are increasingly being researched for the treatment of cancer. Accurate and reliable characterization of ADCs is inevitable for their development as potential therapeutic agent. Different analytical techniques have been used in order to decipher heterogeneous nature of antibody drug conjugates, enabling successful characterization. This review will summarize specially three major analytical tools i.e. UV-Vis spectroscopy, liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry used in characterization of antibody drug conjugates. In this review, major challenges during analysis due to the inherent features of analytical techniques and antibody drug conjugates are summarized along with the modifications intended to address each challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabin Neupane
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Analytical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Bergquist
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Analytical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Bobály B, D’Atri V, Beck A, Guillarme D, Fekete S. Analysis of recombinant monoclonal antibodies in hydrophilic interaction chromatography: A generic method development approach. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Bobály B, Fleury-Souverain S, Beck A, Veuthey JL, Guillarme D, Fekete S. Current possibilities of liquid chromatography for the characterization of antibody-drug conjugates. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 147:493-505. [PMID: 28688616 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Antibody Drug Conjugates (ADCs) are innovative biopharmaceuticals gaining increasing attention over the last two decades. The concept of ADCs lead to new therapy approaches in numerous oncological indications as well in infectious diseases. Currently, around 60 CECs are in clinical trials indicating the expanding importance of this class of protein therapeutics. ADCs show unprecedented intrinsic heterogeneity and address new quality attributes which have to be assessed. Liquid chromatography is one of the most frequently used analytical method for the characterization of ADCs. This review summarizes recent results in the chromatographic characterization of ADCs and supposed to provide a general overview on the possibilities and limitations of current approaches for the evaluation of drug load distribution, determination of average drug to antibody ratio (DARav), and for the analysis of process/storage related impurities. Hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC), reversed phase liquid chromatography (RPLC), size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and multidimensional separations are discussed focusing on the analysis of marketed ADCs. Fundamentals and aspects of method development are illustrated with applications for each technique. Future perspectives in hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC), HIC, SEC and ion exchange chromatography (IEX) are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Bobály
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | | | - Alain Beck
- Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Centre d'Immunologie, 5 Avenue Napoléon III, BP 60497, 74160 Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Jean-Luc Veuthey
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Szabolcs Fekete
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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