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Fujii T, Reiling C, Quinn C, Kliman M, Mendelsohn BA, Matsuda Y. Physical characteristics comparison between maytansinoid-based and auristatin-based antibody-drug conjugates. Exploration of Targeted Anti-tumor Therapy 2021; 2:576-585. [PMID: 36046112 PMCID: PMC9400747 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2021.00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Direct analytical comparison of two major drug-linkers in the antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) field was conducted.
Methods: Four different analytical methods [AlogP calculation, reverse phase (RP) high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC; RP-HPLC), size exclusion chromatography HPLC (SEC-HPLC), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)] were tested for this comparison.
Results: Maytansinoid-based ADCs showed less hydrophobicity than auristatin-based ADCs. Regardless of the drug-linker and drug-to-antibody ratios (DARs), the stability detected by DSC was decreased by conjugation.
Conclusions: The cost and time-efficient analytical comparison described in this manuscript may be useful information for an initial characterization of ADCs prior to detailed biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Fujii
- Ajinomoto Bio-Pharma Services, 11040 Roselle Street, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Calliste Reiling
- Aim: Direct analytical comparison of two major drug-linkers in the antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) field was conducted. Methods: Four different analytical methods [AlogP calculation, reverse phase (RP) high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC; RP-HPLC), size exclusion chromatography HPLC (SEC-HPLC), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)] were tested for this comparison
| | - Colette Quinn
- Waters Corporation, 34 Maple Street, Milford, MA 01757-3696, United States
| | - Michal Kliman
- Waters Corporation, 34 Maple Street, Milford, MA 01757-3696, United States
| | - Brian A. Mendelsohn
- Ajinomoto Bio-Pharma Services, 11040 Roselle Street, San Diego, CA 92121, United States;Exelixis Inc, 1851 Harbor Bay Pkwy, Alameda, CA 94502, United States
| | - Yutaka Matsuda
- Ajinomoto Bio-Pharma Services, 11040 Roselle Street, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
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Matsuda Y, Kliman M, Mendelsohn BA. Application of Native Ion Exchange Mass Spectrometry to Intact and Subunit Analysis of Site-Specific Antibody-Drug Conjugates Produced by AJICAP First Generation Technology. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2020; 31:1706-1712. [PMID: 32608232 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are at the forefront of the next generation of oncology biopharmaceuticals. Conventional ADCs involve stochastic conjugation of the antibody to a cytotoxic drug, creating a highly heterogeneous product. The resulting stochastic distribution often leads to a narrow therapeutic index and makes it difficult to analyze the composition of heterogeneous ADCs. With the goal of overcoming these issues, we developed a site-specific conjugation technology, named AJICAP, for production of low heterogeneity ADCs. For analysis of these site-specific ADCs, we report herein strong cation exchange chromatography coupled with UV and mass spectrometry detection (SCX-UV-MS). Retention time reproducibility after SCX column equilibration enabled monitoring of important changes in product quality. SCX-UV-MS performed with MS-compatible mobile phases was conducted for intact native ADC analysis, allowing drug-antibody ratio characterization and charge variant characterization in single analysis. Furthermore, subunit analysis of the site-specific ADCs by native SCX-UV-MS confirmed the Fc site selectivity of ADCs generated by AJICAP conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Matsuda
- Ajinomoto Bio-Pharma Services, 11040 Roselle Street, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Michal Kliman
- Waters Corporation, 34 Maple Street, Milford, Massachusetts 01757-3696, United States
| | - Brian A Mendelsohn
- Ajinomoto Bio-Pharma Services, 11040 Roselle Street, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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Xu L, Kliman M, Forsythe JG, Korade Z, Hmelo AB, Porter NA, McLean JA. Profiling and Imaging Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Cholesterol and 7-Dehydrocholesterol in Cells Via Sputtered Silver MALDI. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2015; 26:924-33. [PMID: 25822928 PMCID: PMC4608680 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-015-1131-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Profiling and imaging of cholesterol and its precursors by mass spectrometry (MS) are important in a number of cholesterol biosynthesis disorders, such as in Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS), where 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) is accumulated in affected individuals. SLOS is caused by defects in the enzyme that reduces 7-DHC to cholesterol. However, analysis of sterols is challenging because these hydrophobic olefins are difficult to ionize for MS detection. We report here sputtered silver matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-ion mobility-MS (IM-MS) analysis of cholesterol and 7-DHC. In comparison with liquid-based AgNO3 and colloidal Ag nanoparticle (AgNP), sputtered silver NP (10-25 nm) provided the lowest limits-of-detection based on the silver coordinated [cholesterol + Ag](+) and [7-DHC + Ag](+) signals while minimizing dehydrogenation products ([M + Ag-2H](+)). When analyzing human fibroblasts that were directly grown on poly-L-lysine-coated ITO glass plates with this technique, in situ, the 7-DHC/cholesterol ratios for both control and SLOS human fibroblasts are readily obtained. The m/z of 491 (specific for [7-DHC + (107)Ag](+)) and 495 (specific for [cholesterol + (109)Ag](+)) were subsequently imaged using MALDI-IM-MS. MS images were co-registered with optical images of the cells for metabolic ratio determination. From these comparisons, ratios of 7-DHC/cholesterol for SLOS human fibroblasts are distinctly higher than in control human fibroblasts. Thus, this strategy demonstrates the utility for diagnosing/assaying the severity of cholesterol biosynthesis disorders in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libin Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Present Address: Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michal Kliman
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Present Address: Allergan, Inc., Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jay G. Forsythe
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Present Address: School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zeljka Korade
- Department of Psychiatry and Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Anthony B. Hmelo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Ned A. Porter
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - John A. McLean
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
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Stow SM, Goodwin CR, Kliman M, Bachmann BO, McLean JA, Lybrand TP. Distance geometry protocol to generate conformations of natural products to structurally interpret ion mobility-mass spectrometry collision cross sections. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:13812-20. [PMID: 25360896 PMCID: PMC4259499 DOI: 10.1021/jp509398e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
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Ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS)
allows the separation of
ionized molecules based on their charge-to-surface area (IM) and mass-to-charge
ratio (MS), respectively. The IM drift time data that is obtained
is used to calculate the ion-neutral collision cross section (CCS)
of the ionized molecule with the neutral drift gas, which is directly
related to the ion conformation and hence molecular size and shape.
Studying the conformational landscape of these ionized molecules computationally
provides interpretation to delineate the potential structures that
these CCS values could represent, or conversely, structural motifs
not consistent with the IM data. A challenge in the IM-MS community
is the ability to rapidly compute conformations to interpret natural
product data, a class of molecules exhibiting a broad range of biological
activity. The diversity of biological activity is, in part, related
to the unique structural characteristics often observed for natural
products. Contemporary approaches to structurally interpret IM-MS
data for peptides and proteins typically utilize molecular dynamics
(MD) simulations to sample conformational space. However, MD calculations
are computationally expensive, they require a force field that accurately
describes the molecule of interest, and there is no simple metric
that indicates when sufficient conformational sampling has been achieved.
Distance geometry is a computationally inexpensive approach that creates
conformations based on sampling different pairwise distances between
the atoms within the molecule and therefore does not require a force
field. Progressively larger distance bounds can be used in distance
geometry calculations, providing in principle a strategy to assess
when all plausible conformations have been sampled. Our results suggest
that distance geometry is a computationally efficient and potentially
superior strategy for conformational analysis of natural products
to interpret gas-phase CCS data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Stow
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Pharmacology, §Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, ∥Vanderbilt Institute of Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, ⊥Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
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Forsythe JG, Broussard JA, Lawrie JL, Kliman M, Jiao Y, Weiss SM, Webb DJ, McLean JA. Semitransparent nanostructured films for imaging mass spectrometry and optical microscopy. Anal Chem 2012; 84:10665-70. [PMID: 23146026 DOI: 10.1021/ac3022967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Semitransparent porous silicon substrates have been developed for pairing nanostructure-initiator mass spectrometry (NIMS) imaging with traditional optical-based microscopy techniques. Substrates were optimized to generate the largest NIMS signal while maintaining sufficient transparency to allow visible light to pass through for optical microscopy. Using these substrates, both phase-contrast and NIMS images of phospholipids from a scratch-wounded cell monolayer were obtained. NIMS images were generated using a spatial resolution of 14 μm. Coupled with further improvements in spatial resolution, this approach may allow for the localization of intact biological molecules within cells without the need for labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay G Forsythe
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
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Kliman M, May JC, McLean JA. Lipid analysis and lipidomics by structurally selective ion mobility-mass spectrometry. Biochim Biophys Acta 2011; 1811:935-45. [PMID: 21708282 PMCID: PMC3326421 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Revised: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in mass spectrometry approaches to the analysis of lipids include the ability to incorporate both lipid class identification with lipid structural information for increased characterization capabilities. The detailed examination of lipids and their biosynthetic and biochemical pathways made possible by novel instrumental and bioinformatics approaches is advancing research in fundamental cellular and medical studies. Recently, high-throughput structural analysis has been demonstrated through the use of rapid gas-phase separation on the basis of the ion mobility (IM) analytical technique combined with mass spectrometry (IM-MS). While IM-MS has been extensively utilized in biochemical research for peptide, protein and small molecule analysis, the role of IM-MS in lipid research is still an active area of development. In this review of lipid-based IM-MS research, we begin with an overview of three contemporary IM techniques which show great promise in being applied towards the analysis of lipids. Fundamental concepts regarding the integration of IM-MS are reviewed with emphasis on the applications of IM-MS towards simplifying and enhancing complex biological sample analysis. Finally, several recent IM-MS lipid studies are highlighted and the future prospects of IM-MS for integrated omics studies and enhanced spatial profiling through imaging IM-MS are briefly described.
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Ridenour WB, Kliman M, McLean JA, Caprioli RM. Structural characterization of phospholipids and peptides directly from tissue sections by MALDI traveling-wave ion mobility-mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2010; 82:1881-9. [PMID: 20146447 DOI: 10.1021/ac9026115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) provides rapid two-dimensional separations based on analyte apparent surface area or collision cross section (CCS, A(2)) and mass-to-charge, respectively. Recently, traveling-wave (t-wave) IM-MS was developed which uses electrodynamic rather than electrostatic fields commonly used in drift cell IM-MS instruments. The underlying theory for obtaining CCS data is well developed for drift cell IM-MS, while strategies for obtaining CCS values from t-wave IM-MS data remains an active area of research. In this report, methods were developed and validated to obtain CCS values of phospholipids and peptides directly from thin tissue sections by MALDI t-wave IM-MS using CCS calibrants measured by MALDI drift cell IM-MS. Importantly, the average percent difference between t-wave and drift cell CCS measurements is minimized by calibrating with the same biomolecular class. Calibrating t-wave phospholipid CCS values with drift cell peptide CCS measurements results in an average percent difference of ca. 7% between the same lipids measured using t-wave and drift cell IM-MS, while this improves to <0.5% when drift cell phospholipid CCS values are used for calibrating t-wave data. A suite of CCS values are reported for lipids and peptides that were determined directly from tissue, i.e. without the need for tissue extraction and further purification steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney B Ridenour
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
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Kliman M, Vijayakrishnan N, Wang L, Tapp JT, Broadie K, McLean JA. Structural mass spectrometry analysis of lipid changes in a Drosophila epilepsy model brain. Mol Biosyst 2010; 6:958-66. [PMID: 20379606 DOI: 10.1039/b927494d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylethanolamine (PtdEtn) is one of the most abundant phospholipids in many animal cell types. The Drosophila easily shocked (eas(2)) mutant, used as an epilepsy model, is null for the PtdEtn biosynthetic enzyme, ethanolamine kinase. This mutant displays bang sensitive paralysis, and was previously shown to have decreased levels of PtdEtn. We have developed a highly selective and sensitive measurement strategy using ion mobility-mass spectrometry for the relative quantitation of intact phospholipid species directly from isolated brain tissue of eas mutants. Over 1200 distinct lipid signals are observed and within this population 38, including PtdEtn, phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) and phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) species are identified to have changed significantly (p < 0.03) between mutant and control tissue. This method has revealed for the first time the structural complexity and biosynthetic interconnectedness of specific PtdEtn and PtdIns lipid species within tissue, and provides great molecular detail compared to traditionally used detection techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Kliman
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.,Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.,Vanderbilt Institute of Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Niranjana Vijayakrishnan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.,Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.,Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Lily Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - John T Tapp
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Kendal Broadie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.,Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.,Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - John A McLean
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.,Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.,Vanderbilt Institute of Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
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Fenn LS, Kliman M, Mahsut A, Zhao SR, McLean JA. Characterizing ion mobility-mass spectrometry conformation space for the analysis of complex biological samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 394:235-44. [PMID: 19247641 PMCID: PMC2762638 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-2666-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2008] [Revised: 01/14/2009] [Accepted: 01/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The conformation space occupied by different classes of biomolecules measured by ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) is described for utility in the characterization of complex biological samples. Although the qualitative separation of different classes of biomolecules on the basis of structure or collision cross section is known, there is relatively little quantitative cross-section information available for species apart from peptides. In this report, collision cross sections are measured for a large suite of biologically salient species, including oligonucleotides (n = 96), carbohydrates (n = 192), and lipids (n = 53), which are compared to reported values for peptides (n = 610). In general, signals for each class are highly correlated, and at a given mass, these correlations result in predicted collision cross sections that increase in the order oligonucleotides < carbohydrates < peptides < lipids. The specific correlations are described by logarithmic regressions, which best approximate the theoretical trend of increasing collision cross section as a function of increasing mass. A statistical treatment of the signals observed within each molecular class suggests that the breadth of conformation space occupied by each class increases in the order lipids < oligonucleotides < peptides < carbohydrates. The utility of conformation space analysis in the direct analysis of complex biological samples is described, both in the context of qualitative molecular class identification and in fine structure examination within a class. The latter is demonstrated in IM-MS separations of isobaric oligonucleotides, which are interpreted by molecular dynamics simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa S. Fenn
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt Institute of Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, 7330 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA,
| | - Michal Kliman
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt Institute of Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, 7330 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA,
| | - Ablatt Mahsut
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt Institute of Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, 7330 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA,
| | - Sophie R. Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt Institute of Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, 7330 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA,
| | - John A. McLean
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt Institute of Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, 7330 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA,
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Gies AP, Kliman M, McLean JA, Hercules DM. Characterization of Branching in Aramid Polymers Studied by MALDI−Ion Mobility/Mass Spectrometry. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma8019464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony P. Gies
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
| | - Michal Kliman
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
| | - John A. McLean
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
| | - David M. Hercules
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
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Kliman M, Harwood AR, Jenkin RD, Cummings BJ, Langer F, Quirt I, Fornasier VL. Radical radiotherapy as primary treatment for Ewing's sarcoma distal to the elbow and knee. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1982:233-8. [PMID: 7075065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This article is a review of 22 cases of Ewing's sarcoma peripheral to the elbow and knee treated with moderate dose radiotherapy, with special reference to local control, functional result and risk of irradiation induced sarcoma. Eleven patients (50%) are alive two to 16 years following radiotherapy. Two of these had local recurrences, one being salvaged by reirradiation and the other by amputation. The functional results of treatment were assessed in the nine survivors who did not have a recurrence . Eight had normal limb function and one had a 3 cm leg-length discrepancy. Nine patients in the total experience of the hospital who survived more than ten years after radiotherapy were assessed for evidence of postirradiation sarcoma and none were found. The excellent results of radiotherapy in terms of local control, function and lack of irradiation induced sarcomas is attributed to the use of moderate doses of irradiation.
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Esses S, Halloran P, Kliman M, Langer F. Bone allografts in mice: determinants of immunogenicity and healing. Transplant Proc 1981; 13:885-7. [PMID: 7022957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Kliman M, Halloran PF, Lee E, Esses S, Fortner P, Langer F. Orthotopic bone transplantation in mice. III. Methods of reducing the immune response and their effect on healing. Transplantation 1981; 31:34-40. [PMID: 7233526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Various methods of reducing the immune response to allogeneic bone grafts, either by pretreating the graft or by immunosuppressing the recipient, were compared. Tibial grafts from B10.D2 mice, either untreated or pretreated in various ways, were transplanted into B10 recipients. The antibody response was followed and the extent of bone healing at 4 months was assessed. Pretreatment of the graft by X-irradiation, freezing, or by incubation in alloantisera (either anti-H-2 or anti-Ia) reduced or abolished the immunogenicity of the graft. Immunosuppression of the recipient with methotrexate or antilymphocyte serum (ALS) also greatly depressed the antibody response. But when healing was assessed, none of these treatments except ALS improved the delayed healing of the bone allografts. The reason for this failure was probably that X-irradiation, freezing, alloantiserum pretreatment, and methotrexate all interfered with bone healing directly, whereas ALS did not. We conclude that many methods will reduce the immune response to allogeneic bone, but that only ALS will improve the healing of the allogeneic bone. Furthermore, as a corollary to the observation that pretreatment with anti-Ia serum markedly reduced the immunogenicity of bone allografts, we conclude that much of the immunogenicity of bone allografts is attributable to a population of Ia-positive cells.
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