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Bouback TA, Aljohani AM, Albeshri A, Al-Talhi H, Moatasim Y, GabAllah M, Badierah R, Albiheyri R, Al-Sarraj F, Ali MA. Antiviral activity of Humulus lupulus (HOP) aqueous extract against MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2: in-vitro and in-silico study. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2022.2158133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thamer Ahmed Bouback
- Biological Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Princess Dr. Najla Bint Saud Al-Saud Center for Excellence Research in Biotechnology, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Mohammed Aljohani
- Biological Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Albeshri
- Biological Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hasan Al-Talhi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yassmin Moatasim
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed GabAllah
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Raied Badierah
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Raed Albiheyri
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo, Egypt
- Centre of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Al-Sarraj
- Medical Laboratory, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Ahmed Ali
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo, Egypt
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Stasiłowicz-Krzemień A, Cielecka-Piontek J. Hop Flower Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extracts Coupled with Carriers with Solubilizing Properties-Antioxidant Activity and Neuroprotective Potential. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1722. [PMID: 37760025 PMCID: PMC10525257 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lupuli flos shows many biological activities like antioxidant potential, extended by a targeted effect on selected enzymes, the expression of which is characteristic for neurodegenerative changes within the nervous system. Lupuli flos extracts (LFE) were prepared by supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) extraction with various pressure and temperature parameters. The antioxidant, chelating activity, and inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and tyrosinase by extracts were studied. The extracts containing ethanol were used as references. The most beneficial neuroprotective effects were shown by the extract obtained under 5000 PSI and 50 °C. The neuroprotective effect of active compounds is limited by poor solubility; therefore, carriers with solubilizing properties were used for scCO2 extracts, combined with post-scCO2 ethanol extract. Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) in combination with magnesium aluminometasilicate (Neusilin US2) in the ratio 1:0.5 improved dissolution profiles to the greatest extent, while the apparent permeability coefficients of these compounds determined using the parallel artificial membrane permeability assay in the gastrointestinal (PAMPA GIT) model were increased the most by only HP-β-CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stasiłowicz-Krzemień
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Judyta Cielecka-Piontek
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Pharmacology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Wojska Polskiego 71b, 60-630 Poznan, Poland
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3
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Iacuzzi N, Salamone F, Farruggia D, Tortorici N, Vultaggio L, Tuttolomondo T. Development of a New Micropropagation Protocol and Transfer of In Vitro Plants to In Vivo Conditions for Cascade Hop. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2877. [PMID: 37571031 PMCID: PMC10420957 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The vegetative propagation of hops, despite being a reliable method, is not very common due to the unavailability of the plant material. In this study, the technique of in vitro propagation was applied to the Cascade variety of Humulus lupulus L. The plant material was collected from a private field in Sicily; the explants were subjected to sterilization before in vitro culture. Single-node explants were placed in in vitro culture in nine different culture media for multiplication. Thidiazuron (TDZ), Benzyladenine (BAP) and meta-Topoline (mT) were tested for multiplication phase. For the rooting phase, five types of different culture media were evaluated. Binodal cuttings coming from the previous multiplication test were placed in the culture. The rooting media differ from each other in the concentration and ratio of two auxin hormones: Indolo-3-acetic acid (IAA) and Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). In vitro rooted plants obtained from the rooting phase were transferred to ex vitro conditions in a microbox with agri-perlite and a solution containing Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium at half concentration. With a culture medium containing the highest TDZ doses (H6) and combination with cytokinin (H8 and H9), the highest shoot percentage was obtained. After 3 months of in vitro culture, the highest shoot percentage was observed in the culture medium with 2 mL L-1 of BAP. The highest rooting percentage, roots numbers and root length were found when the culture medium was supplemented with 1 mL L-1 of IAA. The usage of agri-perlite and MS at half concentration, without PGR, allowed us to obtain a 99.1% survival rate. This micropropagation protocol is useful for obtaining virus-free plants and for the development of the brewery industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Davide Farruggia
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze 13, Building 4, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (N.I.); (F.S.); (N.T.); (L.V.); (T.T.)
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Carbone K, Gervasi F. An Updated Review of the Genus Humulus: A Valuable Source of Bioactive Compounds for Health and Disease Prevention. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11243434. [PMID: 36559547 PMCID: PMC9782902 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The medicinal potential of hop (Humulus lupulus L.) is widely cited in ancient literature and is also allowed in several official pharmacopoeias for the treatment of a variety of ailments, mainly related to anxiety states. This is due to the plethora of phytoconstituents (e.g., bitter acids, polyphenols, prenyl flavonoids) present in the female inflorescences, commonly known as cones or strobili, endowed with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and phytoestrogen activities. Hop has recently attracted the interest of the scientific community due to the presence of xanthohumol, whose strong anti-cancer activity against various types of cancer cells has been well documented, and for the presence of 8-prenyl naringenin, the most potent known phytoestrogen. Studies in the literature have also shown that hop compounds can hinder numerous signalling pathways, including ERK1/2 phosphorylation, regulation of AP-1 activity, PI3K-Akt, and nuclear factor NF-κB, which are the main targets of the antiproliferative action of bitter acids and prenylflavonoids. In light of these considerations, the aim of this review was to provide an up-to-date overview of the main biologically active compounds found in hops, as well as their in vitro and in vivo applications for human health and disease prevention. To this end, a quantitative literature analysis approach was used, using VOSviewer software to extract and process Scopus bibliometric data. In addition, data on the pharmacokinetics of bioactive hop compounds and clinical studies in the literature were analysed. To make the information more complete, studies on the beneficial properties of the other two species belonging to the genus Humulus, H. japonicus and H. yunnanensis, were also reviewed for the first time.
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Total Phenolic Content, Antioxidant Capacity and UV Radiation Protection Properties of Marigold (Calendula officinalis), Carrot (Daucus carota), Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and Hop (Humulus lupulus) Extracts. COSMETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics9060134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Total phenolic content using Folin–Ciocalteu method, antioxidant capacity by CUPRAC method and sun protection properties were measured for four different extracts of selected plants: marigold petals, carrot roots, tomato fruits and hop cones. Three types of extracts: water, oil and water-glycolic (1:4) were studied. Assessment of sun protection properties for extracts obtained from selected plants was first done by mathematical indication method and subsequently done spectrophotometrically. In a method of mathematical indication of UV protection based on absorption spectra, four parameters were determined regarding sun protection properties at different concentrations of selected plant extracts. Absorbance generally increased with an increase of concentration of extracts, but an expected increase of particular parameters was not obtained in all samples. The water-glycolic extract from hop cones was characterized by the highest content of phenolic compounds (among all studied samples) and high antioxidant activity. It also showed high radiation protection. Data for four parameters like UVA/UVB parameter, UVA1/UV parameter, SUI parameter and critical wavelength was generated, and the three first parameters were the highest for water and water-glycolic extracts of marigold. Among all plants, hop cones were characterized by the highest SPF for all types of extracts. SPF values increased with the concentration of extracts, but an increase of the weight of dried plants used to prepared extracts did not influence sun protection factor.
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Giselle F, Azucena I, Dalila O, Florencia F, Facundo R, Giulia M, Sandra F, Maggi M, Cristina R. Antibacterial activity of cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) female inflorescence and root extract against Paenibacillus larvae, causal agent of American foulbrood. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Oliva E, Fanti F, Palmieri S, Viteritti E, Eugelio F, Pepe A, Compagnone D, Sergi M. Predictive Multi Experiment Approach for the Determination of Conjugated Phenolic Compounds in Vegetal Matrices by Means of LC-MS/MS. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103089. [PMID: 35630565 PMCID: PMC9147803 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols (PCs) are a numerous class of bioactive molecules and are known for their antioxidant activity. In this work, the potential of the quadrupole/linear ion trap hybrid mass spectrometer (LIT-QqQ) was exploited to develop a semi-untargeted method for the identification of polyphenols in different food matrices: green coffee, Crocus sativus L. (saffron) and Humulus lupulus L. (hop). Several conjugate forms of flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acid were detected using neutral loss (NL) as a survey scan coupled with dependent scans with enhanced product ion (EPI) based on information-dependent acquisition (IDA) criteria. The presented approach is focused on a specific class of molecules and provides comprehensive information on the different conjugation models that are related to specific base molecules, thus allowing a quick and effective identification of all possible combinations, such as mono-, di-, or tri-glycosylation or another type of conjugation such as quinic acid esters.
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Sun S, Wang X, Yuan A, Liu J, Li Z, Xie D, Zhang H, Luo W, Xu H, Liu J, Nie C, Zhang H. Chemical constituents and bioactivities of hops (
Humulus lupulus L
.) and their effects on beer‐related microorganisms. Food Energy Secur 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shaokang Sun
- Key Microbiology Laboratory of Shandong Province School of Bioengineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Key Microbiology Laboratory of Shandong Province School of Bioengineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
| | - Ai Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking School of Bioengineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
| | - Jianlin Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao China
| | - Zebin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking School of Bioengineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
| | - Dongxiao Xie
- Biology Institute Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences Shandong Normal University Jinan China
| | - Wenqing Luo
- Global Leaders College Yonsei University Seoul Korea
| | - Hengyuan Xu
- Key Microbiology Laboratory of Shandong Province School of Bioengineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
| | - Jinshang Liu
- Key Microbiology Laboratory of Shandong Province School of Bioengineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
| | - Cong Nie
- Key Microbiology Laboratory of Shandong Province School of Bioengineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
| | - Haojun Zhang
- Key Microbiology Laboratory of Shandong Province School of Bioengineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan China
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9
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Rodolfi M, Rinaldi M, Caligiani A, Paciulli M, Lolli V, Chiancone B, Ganino T. Hop green sprouts preservation and valorisation as semi-finished and finished products: impact of different treatments on microstructural, physical and chemical traits. Eur Food Res Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-021-03956-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Rodrigues Arruda T, Fontes Pinheiro P, Ibrahim Silva P, Campos Bernardes P. Exclusive Raw Material for Beer Production? Addressing Greener Extraction Techniques, the Relevance, and Prospects of Hops (Humulus lupulus L.) for the Food Industry. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-021-02716-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Kapusta-Duch J, Kusznierewicz B. Young Shoots of White and Red Headed Cabbages Like Novel Sources of Glucosinolates as Well as Antioxidative Substances. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1277. [PMID: 34439525 PMCID: PMC8389310 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Most literature data indicate that the diet rich in plant products reduces the risk of developing chronic non-communicable diseases and cancer. Brassica vegetables are almost exclusively synthesizing glucosinolates. Glucosinolates are higher in sprouts than in mature plants, being related to the activity of the specific myrosinase involved in the degradation of glucosinolates during developmental stages. This study compares the content of total glucosinolates with their profile and, rare in the literature, also with products of their degradation. Average amounts of total glucosinolates in young shoots of white and red headed cabbage were 26.23 µmol/g d.m. and 27.93 µmol/g d.m., respectively. In addition, antioxidative properties of 21-day-old shoots of white and red headed cabbage were assessed. The area of negative peaks after post-column derivatization with the ABTS reagent, indicating antioxidant activity of young red cabbage shoots, was 20185, compared to the value determined for young white cabbage shoots (3929). The results clearly indicate that, regardless of the vegetable species, young shoots of white and red headed cabbage can be an important source of bioactive substances in the diet, thus being an important element of cancer chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kapusta-Duch
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 122 Balicka St., 30-149 Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Kusznierewicz
- Department of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 G. Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland;
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12
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Alonso P, Albasanz JL, Martín M. Modulation of Adenosine Receptors by Hops and Xanthohumol in Cell Cultures. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:2373-2384. [PMID: 34156813 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine receptors (ARs) have been involved in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease, where oxidative stress contributes to neurodegeneration and cell death. Therefore, there is increasing interest in developing antioxidative strategies to avoid or reduce neurodegeneration. We have previously described that different beer extracts modulate ARs and protect glioma and neuroblastoma cells from oxidative stress. The present work aimed to analyze the possible protective effect of hops (Humulus lupulus L.), a major component of beer, and xanthohumol on cell death elicited by oxidative stress and their modulation of ARs in rat C6 glioma and human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Different extraction methods were employed in two hops varieties (Nugget and Columbus). Cell viability was determined by the XTT method in cells exposed to these hops extracts and xanthohumol. ARs were analyzed by radioligand binding and real-time PCR assays. Hops extract reverted the cell death observed under oxidative stress and modulated adenosine A1 and A2 receptors in both cell types. Xanthohumol was unable to revert the effect of oxidative stress in cell viability but it also modulated ARs similarly to hops. Therefore, healthy effects of beer described previously could be due, at least in part, to their content of hops and the modulation of ARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Alonso
- Department of Inorganic, Organic and Biochemistry. Faculty of Chemical and Technological Sciences, School of Medicine of Ciudad Real, Regional Center of Biomedical Research (CRIB), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - José L. Albasanz
- Department of Inorganic, Organic and Biochemistry. Faculty of Chemical and Technological Sciences, School of Medicine of Ciudad Real, Regional Center of Biomedical Research (CRIB), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Mairena Martín
- Department of Inorganic, Organic and Biochemistry. Faculty of Chemical and Technological Sciences, School of Medicine of Ciudad Real, Regional Center of Biomedical Research (CRIB), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
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Veiga BA, Hamerski F, Clausen MP, Errico M, de Paula Scheer A, Corazza ML. Compressed fluids extraction methods, yields, antioxidant activities, total phenolics and flavonoids content for Brazilian Mantiqueira hops. J Supercrit Fluids 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2020.105155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Vidmar M, Abram V, Čeh B, Demšar L, Poklar Ulrih N. White Hop Shoot Production in Slovenia: Total Phenolic, Microelement and Pesticide Residue Content in Five Commercial Cultivars. Food Technol Biotechnol 2020; 57:525-534. [PMID: 32123514 PMCID: PMC7029394 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.57.04.19.6269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Harvesting of white hop shoots might be justified if they can be shown to be beneficial to human health. The aim of the present study is to determine the effects of hop cultivars and year of production on total phenolics, antioxidant potential, microelements and pesticide residues. Biomass per plant was highly variable across the cultivars (3.1-7.1 g dry mass per plant) and depended on hop cultivar and year (2009-2011). Total phenolics as chlorogenic acid equivalents (CAE) on dry mass basis varied from 0.60 to 1.80 mg/g, and showed significant effects across hop cultivar and year. The radical scavenging activities of the samples collected in years 2010-2012 ranged from 11 to 19 µg CAE. Ferric reducing activity was <0.01, with significantly different effects across hop cultivars (pC≤0.05) and year (py≤0.05) observed only in 2012. Traces of microelements and potentially active compounds from the use of pesticides in white hop shoots of Humulus lupulus 'Dana' were analysed. The content of zinc in the hop shoots on dry mass basis was very low (4 mg/kg), and it was below the limit of detection in the soil. The content of copper in the hop shoots was also very low (2.3 mg/kg), while in the soil it was below the critical emission (100 vs 300 mg/kg, respectively). All 182 active ingredients from the residues of the previously used pesticides were below the limits of detection. It can be concluded that these white hop shoots are better antioxidants than hop cones and hop leaves, and that they do not contain any pesticide residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateja Vidmar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1111 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Veronika Abram
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1111 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Barbara Čeh
- Slovenian Institute of Hop Research and Brewing, Cesta Žalskega tabora 2, SI-3310 Žalec, Slovenia
| | - Lea Demšar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1111 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nataša Poklar Ulrih
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1111 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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15
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McCallum JL, Nabuurs MH, Gallant ST, Kirby CW, Mills AAS. Phytochemical Characterization of Wild Hops ( Humulus lupulus ssp. lupuloides) Germplasm Resources From the Maritimes Region of Canada. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1438. [PMID: 31921222 PMCID: PMC6917649 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A survey was conducted in the Maritimes region of eastern Canada to measure the phytochemical diversity of prenylchalcone, soft resins (alpha & beta acids), and flavonol constituents from 30 unique wild-growing populations of hops (Humulus lupulus L.). Based on cone chemometrics, the majority of accessions (63.3%) are native Humulus lupulus ssp. lupoloides, with cones containing both xanthogalenol and 4'-O-methyl xanthohumol as chemotaxonomic indicator molecules. Interestingly, the leaves of all verified Humulus lupulus ssp. lupulus accessions accumulated high proportions (>0.20 total flavonols) of two acylated flavonol derivatives (kaempferol-3-O-(6''-O-malonyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside; quercetin-3-O-(6''-O-malonyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside), both previously unreported from hops leaves. The native lupuloides accessions examined possess only trace amounts of this compound in their leaves (<0.10 total flavonols), suggesting its potential utility as a novel, leaf-derived chemotaxonomic marker for subspecies identification purposes. A leaf-derived taxonomic marker is useful for identifying wild-growing accessions, as leaves are present throughout the entire growing season, whereas cones are only produced late in summer. Additionally, the collection of cones from 10-meter tall wild plants in overgrown riparian habitats is often difficult. The total levels of alpha acids, beta acids, and prenylchalcones in wild-collected Maritimes lupuloides cones are markedly higher than those previously reported for lupuloides individuals in the westernmost extent of its native range and show potentially valuable traits for future cultivar development, while some may be worthy of immediate commercial release. The accessions will be maintained as a core germplasm resource for future cultivar development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason L. McCallum
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Charlottetown Research and Development Centre, Charlottetown, Canada
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16
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Comparison of antioxidant activity of extracts of hop leaves harvested in different years. HERBA POLONICA 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/hepo-2019-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Introduction: Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) is a common plant in Europe, with many beneficial health effects. In addition to the use in brewing, hops are a valuable source of active substances used in conventional and folk medicine, such as humulones and lupulones, as well as antioxidants, including phenolic compounds.
Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the antioxidant activity of alcoholic extracts of fresh hop leaves collected in 2017 and 2018.
Material and methods: The raw material consisting of fresh hop leaves was extracted using ultrasound-assisted extraction. Methyl, ethyl and isopropyl alcohol at three concentrations were used as extractants. The antioxidant activity of extracts was determined using DPPH and FRAP methods. Total phenolic content was evaluated using the Folin-Ciocalteu technique.
Results: All the extracts showed antioxidant potential as well as the phenolic content. Regardless of the harvesting year and methods of evaluation, the highest antioxidant activity and the total polyphenol content were observed for extracts prepared in undiluted methanol, obtained during one hour lasting extraction.
Conclusion: The results of the studies have suggested that hop leaves can be a potential source of health-promoting antioxidants.
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Merinas-Amo T, Merinas-Amo R, García-Zorrilla V, Velasco-Ruiz A, Chladek L, Plachy V, Del Río-Celestino M, Font R, Kokoska L, Alonso-Moraga Á. Toxicological Studies of Czech Beers and Their Constituents. Foods 2019; 8:E328. [PMID: 31398837 PMCID: PMC6723778 DOI: 10.3390/foods8080328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Czech beers are unique because they are brewed using specific technology at a particular latitude and for being entirely produced in the area of the Czech Republic. The purpose of this work is the evaluation of toxicological effects of a variety of freeze-dried Czech beers, their raw materials (malts, hops and yeast) and processed-beer (wort, hopped wort and young beer). METHODS In vivo assays to evaluate the safety and protective effects in the Drosophila melanogaster eukaryotic system, and the in vitro evaluations of chemopreventive and DNA damage activity using the HL-60 tumour human cell line were carried out. RESULTS The safe effects for all the analysed substances and general protective effects against H2O2 were shown both at the individual and genomic level in the Drosophila animal model, with some exceptions. Moreover, all the substances were able to inhibit the tumour cell growth and to induce DNA damage in the HL-60 cells at different levels (proapoptotic, single/double strands breaks and methylation status). CONCLUSIONS The promising effects shown by freeze-dried Czech beers due to their safety, protection against a toxin, chemopreventive potential and the induction of DNA damage in tumour cells, allow the proposition of Czech beer as a beverage with nutraceutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Merinas-Amo
- Department of Genetics, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
| | | | | | | | - Ladislav Chladek
- Research and Teaching Brewery, Department of Technological Equipment of Buildings, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500 Pargue, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Plachy
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500 Pargue, Czech Republic
| | | | - Rafael Font
- Agri-Food Laboratory, CAGPDS, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14080, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ladislav Kokoska
- Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500 Pargue, Czech Republic
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Devkota HP, Kawamura K, Sasanuma M, Watanabe M, Watanabe T. Flavonoid glycosides from the leaves of Aphananthe aspera (Thunb.) Planch. (Cannabaceae) and their chemotaxonomic significance. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Latypova GM, Bychenkova MA, Katayev VA, Perfilova VN, Tyurenkov IN, Mokrousov IS, Prokofiev II, Salikhov SM, Iksanova GR. Composition and cardioprotective effects of Primula veris L. solid herbal extract in experimental chronic heart failure. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 54:17-26. [PMID: 30668367 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High interest in chronic heart failure (CHF) is accounted for by its high incidence, poor prognosis, growing number of hospital admissions due to the heart failure relapse, and inadequate treatment. These facts necessitate a search for new pharmacological agents for the CHF correction. Herbal medicinal products appear to be very promising as they have a noticeable therapeutic effect and tend to be more harmless in comparison to the most of synthesized medications. PURPOSE Our aim was to study the composition of the Primula veris L. solid herbal extract (PVSHE) and its effects on the myocardial contractile function in animals with experimental CHF. STUDY DESIGN The study design involved the identification of the raw material composition of the P. veris L. extract. For the experimental part of our research, we used the model of CHF to elucidate the cardioprotective properties of PVSHE. METHODS The active extract constituents were isolated by thin-layer chromatography and column chromatography; the extract components were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography, ultraviolet spectroscopy (UVS), and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMRS). To model CHF, L-isoproterenol at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected to the experimental rats twice a day for 21 days. Cardiac output was assessed with the loading test, adrenoreactivity test, and maximum isometric loading test; CHF markers adrenomedullin and copeptin were detected in blood plasma with ELISA kit for adrenomedullin and copeptin (Coud-Clone Corp., USA). RESULTS P. veris L. solid herbal extract contains flavonoid aglycons (apigenin, quercetine, kaemferol), flavonoid glycosides (cinarozid, rutin, hyperozid), as well as polymethoxylated flavonoids acting as chemotaxonomic markers for the genus Primula (8-methoxy-flavone; 3',4'methylenedioxy-5'-methoxyflavone). The substance 3',4'methylenedioxy-5'-methoxyflavone has been isolated from the primrose herb for the first time. We showed that the PVSHE has a cardioprotective effect when it was administered at a dose of 30 mg/kg in the experimental CHF, as evidenced by a lower number of animal death, lower level of CHF markers in the blood plasma of the experimental animals, the higher increase in rate of myocardial contraction and relaxation, the higher level of left ventricular pressure (LVP) and of maximum intensity of structural performance (MISP), as compared to the control group. CONCLUSION P. veris L. solid herbal extract contains flavonoid aglycons, flavonoid glycosides, and polymethoxylated flavonoids. The herbal agent increases the myocardial contractility in experimental CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Latypova
- FSBEE HE Bashkirsky State Medical University, Lenina st., 8, Ufa 540008, Russia
| | - M A Bychenkova
- FSBEE HE Bashkirsky State Medical University, Lenina st., 8, Ufa 540008, Russia
| | - V A Katayev
- FSBEE HE Bashkirsky State Medical University, Lenina st., 8, Ufa 540008, Russia
| | - V N Perfilova
- FSBEE HE Volgograd State Medical University, Pavshikh Bortsov sq., 1, Volgograd 400131, Russia.
| | - I N Tyurenkov
- FSBEE HE Volgograd State Medical University, Pavshikh Bortsov sq., 1, Volgograd 400131, Russia
| | - I S Mokrousov
- FSBEE HE Volgograd State Medical University, Pavshikh Bortsov sq., 1, Volgograd 400131, Russia
| | - I I Prokofiev
- FSBEE HE Volgograd State Medical University, Pavshikh Bortsov sq., 1, Volgograd 400131, Russia
| | - Sh M Salikhov
- Ufa Institute of the Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Oktyabrya av., 71, Ufa 450054, Russia
| | - G R Iksanova
- FSBEE HE Bashkirsky State Medical University, Lenina st., 8, Ufa 540008, Russia
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Fierascu RC, Ortan A, Fierascu IC, Fierascu I. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of antioxidant properties of wild-growing plants. A short review. Curr Opin Food Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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21
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Effect of Densification Conditions on Specific Energy Requirements and Physical Properties of Compacts Made from Hop Cone. ENERGIES 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/en11092389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hop cones, due to their essential flavor, are one of the four main ingredients for beer production. The paper reports the results on an investigation of the densification process of hop cones. This experiment investigated (i) the effects of compression pressure in the range of 40 to 80 MPa and pressure application time in the range of 10 to 40 s on the final density and durability of the compacts made from hop cones and ii) the specific compression energy required for the process. The specific compression energy requirements to compact hop cones ranged from 14.20 to 24.48 kJ kg−1. The final compact density values ranged from 515.2 to 876.6 kg m−3, while the durability percentage calculated ranged from 71% to 91%. The obtained results highlighted that compression pressure—in the range of 40–80 MPa—significantly affects the specific compression energy requirements, the final density and the durability of the produced compacts. In this experiment, pressure application time plays a key role in determining compacts density, while did not affect durability and compression energy requirements. Considering the specific compression energy values calculated in this experiment, it can be stated that the pressure agglomeration method described to compact hop cones is more efficient than pelletizing process which is typically characterized by specific energy values ranging from 19 to 90 kJ kg−1.
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Popova TA, Muzyko EA, Kustova MV, Bychenkova MA, Perfilova VN, Prokofiev II, Samoylova MA, Tyurenkov IN, Latypova GM, Kataev VA. [Influence of the dense extract from herb of Primula veris L. On the oxidative stress development and the functional state of the cardiomyocytes mitochondria of rats with experimental chronic heart failure]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2018; 64:334-343. [PMID: 30135280 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20186404334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Experimental chronic heart failure (CHF), caused by administration of L-isoproterenol (2.5 mg/kg twice a day intraperitoneally for 21 days), promotes uncoupling of respiration and oxidative phosphorylation. The rate of mitochondrial oxygen consumption in the metabolic state V3 by Chance in animals with CHF decreased by 53.3% (p<0.05) with malate using (as an oxidation substrate feeding сomplex I of the electron transport chain (ETC)), by 70.6% (p<0.05) with succinate using (сomplex II substrate) and by 63.6% (p<0.05) when malate and succinate were added simultaneously. The respiratory control ratio significantly decreased 2.3 times for сomplex I, 2.5 for сomplex II, and 2.6 times for the simultaneous operation of two respiratory chain complexes in mitochondria of CHF rats compared to intact animals. Mitochondrial dysfunction in experimental CHF is evidently due to the development of oxidative stress. It was revealed that the content of malonic dialdehyde (MDA) in the group of rats with experimental CHF was higher by 54.7% (p<0.05), as compared with intact animals. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase was lower by 17.5% (p<0.05), and by 18.4%, respectively than in the intact group. The dense extract from herba of Primula veris L. (DEHPV) 30 mg/kg limits the development of mitochondrial dysfunction in rats with experimental CHF, as evidenced by an increase in the role of V3 respiration for the first and second respiratory chain complexes in 1.7 (p<0.05) and 2.0 times (p<0.05), respectively, the ratio of respiratory control (RCR) - 1.7 times (p<0.05) for сomplex I and 2 times (p<0.05) for сomplex II compared with the negative control. The concentration of MDA was by 15.7% (p<0.05), lower and the activity of SOD was by 56.3% (p<0.05) higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Popova
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
| | - E A Muzyko
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
| | - M V Kustova
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
| | | | - V N Perfilova
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
| | - I I Prokofiev
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
| | - M A Samoylova
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
| | - I N Tyurenkov
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
| | | | - V A Kataev
- Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia
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Di Sotto A, Checconi P, Celestino I, Locatelli M, Carissimi S, De Angelis M, Rossi V, Limongi D, Toniolo C, Martinoli L, Di Giacomo S, Palamara AT, Nencioni L. Antiviral and Antioxidant Activity of a Hydroalcoholic Extract from Humulus lupulus L. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:5919237. [PMID: 30140367 PMCID: PMC6081516 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5919237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A hydroalcoholic extract from female inflorescences of Humulus lupulus L. (HOP extract) was evaluated for its anti-influenza activity. The ability of the extract to interfere with different phases of viral replication was assessed, as well as its effect on the intracellular redox state, being unbalanced versus the oxidative state in infected cells. The radical scavenging power, inhibition of lipoperoxidation, and ferric reducing activity were assayed as antioxidant mechanisms. A phytochemical characterization of the extract was also performed. We found that HOP extract significantly inhibited replication of various viral strains, at different time from infection. Viral replication was partly inhibited when virus was incubated with extract before infection, suggesting a direct effect on the virions. Since HOP extract was able to restore the reducing conditions of infected cells, by increasing glutathione content, its antiviral activity might be also due to an interference with redox-sensitive pathways required for viral replication. Accordingly, the extract exerted radical scavenging and reducing effects and inhibited lipoperoxidation and the tBOOH-induced cytotoxicity. At phytochemical analysis, different phenolics were identified, which altogether might contribute to HOP antiviral effect. In conclusion, our results highlighted anti-influenza and antioxidant properties of HOP extract, which encourage further in vivo studies to evaluate its possible application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Di Sotto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology V. Erspamer, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Checconi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Ignacio Celestino
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Locatelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. D'Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefania Carissimi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marta De Angelis
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Rossi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Dolores Limongi
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Toniolo
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Martinoli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology V. Erspamer, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Di Giacomo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology V. Erspamer, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Teresa Palamara
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Nencioni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Yilmaz MA, Ertas A, Yener I, Akdeniz M, Cakir O, Altun M, Demirtas I, Boga M, Temel H. A comprehensive LC-MS/MS method validation for the quantitative investigation of 37 fingerprint phytochemicals in Achillea species: A detailed examination of A. coarctata and A. monocephala. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 154:413-424. [PMID: 29602084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The current study aims to optimize and validate a comprehensive LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of 37 phytochemicals (15 phenolic acids, 17 flavonoids, 3 non-phenolic organic acids, 1 phenolic aldehyde and 1 benzopyrene) in Achillea species. Though Achillea species were chosen as real life samples, the current method is applicable to a wide range of plant species. The developed method was fully validated in terms of linearity, accuracy (recovery), inter-day and intra-day precision (repeatability), limits of detection and quantification (LOD/LOQ) and relative standard uncertainty (U% at 95% confidence level (k = 2)). Reversed-phase ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography was optimized to achive optimum separation for 37 phytochemical compounds and to overcome the suppression effects. MS detection was performed using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer and negative or positive ionization modes were optimized for each analyte. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was used to quantify the analytes, related molecular ions and transition ions were optimized. Phytochemical screening of ethanol and methanol-chloroform extracts of root and aerial parts of A. coarctata and A. monocephala were performed by using the developed and validated LC-MS/MS method. Root and aerial parts of both species have considerable amounts of certain phenolic-nonphenolic acids (quinic, malic, fumaric, chlorogenic and vanillic acids) and flavonoids (rutin, hesperidin, isoquercitrin, apigetrin, luteolin, apigenin). Additionally, total phenolic and flavonoid amounts, antioxidant (DPPH free radical scavenging assay, ABTS radical cation decolorization assay, β-carotene lipid peroxidation test system and CUPRAC cupper reduction capacity methods), anticholinesterase, tyrosinase, urease inhibition and cytotoxic activities (on HeLa (Human Cervical Carcinoma Cell Line) of A. coarctata and A. monocephala were also investigated. It has been determined that the studied Achillea species, that are rich in total phenolic-flavonoid and chlorogenic acid contents, have high antioxidant and cytotoxic potential at the same time. According to the results of LC-MS/MS, antioxidant and cytotoxic activity studies, after detailed chemical investigation and toxicity studies on these species, A. coarctata and A. monocephala may be promoted as promising sources of natural agents and used for the development of nutraceuticals or functional food ingredients in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Abdullah Yilmaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dicle University, Diyarbakir 21280, Turkey; Dicle University Science and Technology Research and Application Center, Diyarbakir 21280, Turkey.
| | - Abdulselam Ertas
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dicle University, Diyarbakir 21280, Turkey
| | - Ismail Yener
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dicle University, Diyarbakir 21280, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Akdeniz
- The Council of Forensic Medicine, Ministry of Justice, Diyarbakir, 21100, Turkey
| | - Oguz Cakir
- Dicle University Science and Technology Research and Application Center, Diyarbakir 21280, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Altun
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Cankiri Karatekin University, Cankiri 18100, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Demirtas
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Cankiri Karatekin University, Cankiri 18100, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Boga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dicle University, Diyarbakir 21280, Turkey
| | - Hamdi Temel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dicle University, Diyarbakir 21280, Turkey
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