1
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Wu W. Dynamic field mapping and distortion correction using single-shot blip-rewound EPI and joint multi-echo reconstruction. Magn Reson Med 2024; 92:82-97. [PMID: 38308081 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.30038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a method for dynamic∆ B 0 $$ \Delta {B}_0 $$ mapping and distortion correction. METHODS A blip-rewound EPI trajectory was developed to acquire multiple 2D EPI images in a single readout with an interleaved order, which allows a short TE difference. A joint multi-echo reconstruction was utilized to exploit the shared information between EPI images. The reconstructed images from each readout are combined to produce a final magnitude image. A∆ B 0 $$ \Delta {B}_0 $$ map is calculated from the phase of these images for distortion correction. The efficacy of the proposed method is assessed with phantom and in vivo experiments. The performance of the proposed method in the presence of subject motion is also investigated. RESULTS Compared to conventional multi-echo EPI, the proposed method allows dynamic∆ B 0 $$ \Delta {B}_0 $$ mapping at matched resolution with a much shorter TR. Phantom and in vivo results show that the proposed method can provide a comparable magnitude image as conventional single-shot EPI. The∆ B 0 $$ \Delta {B}_0 $$ maps calculated from the proposed method are consistent with conventional multi-echo EPI in the phantom experiment. For in vivo experiments, the proposed method provides a more accurate estimation of∆ B 0 $$ \Delta {B}_0 $$ than conventional multi-echo EPI, which is prone to phase wrapping problems due to the long TE difference. In-vivo scan with subject motion shows the proposed dynamic field mapping method can improve the temporal stability of EPI time series compared to gradient echo (GRE) based static field mapping. CONCLUSION The proposed method allows accurate dynamic∆ B 0 $$ \Delta {B}_0 $$ mapping for robust distortion correction without compromising spatial or temporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchuan Wu
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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2
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Martinez JA, Yu VY, Tringale KR, Otazo R, Cohen O. Phase-sensitive deep reconstruction method for rapid multiparametric MR fingerprinting and quantitative susceptibility mapping in the brain. Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 109:147-157. [PMID: 38513790 PMCID: PMC11042874 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2024.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study explores the potential of Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting (MRF) with a novel Phase-Sensitivity Deep Reconstruction Network (PS-DRONE) for simultaneous quantification of T1, T2, Proton Density, B1+, phase and quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). METHODS Data were acquired at 3 T in vitro and in vivo using an optimized EPI-based MRF sequence. Phantom experiments were conducted using a standardized phantom for T1 and T2 maps and a custom-made agar-based gadolinium phantom for B1 and QSM maps. In vivo experiments included five healthy volunteers and one patient diagnosed with brain metastasis. PSDRONE maps were compared to reference maps obtained through standard imaging sequences. RESULTS Total scan time was 2 min for 32 slices and a resolution of [1 mm, 1 mm, 4.5 mm]. The reconstruction of T1, T2, Proton Density, B1+ and phase maps were reconstructed within 1 s. In the phantoms, PS-DRONE analysis presented accurate and strongly correlated T1 and T2 maps (r = 0.99) compared to the reference maps. B1 maps from PS-DRONE showed slightly higher values, though still correlated (r = 0.6) with the reference. QSM values showed a small bias but were strongly correlated (r = 0.99) with reference data. In the in vivo analysis, PS-DRONE-derived T1 and T2 values for gray and white matter matched reference values in healthy volunteers. PS-DRONE B1 and QSM maps showed strong correlations with reference values. CONCLUSION The PS-DRONE network enables concurrent acquisition of T1, T2, PD, B1+, phase and QSM maps, within 2 min of acquisition time and 1 s of reconstruction time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Martinez
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York 10065, NY, USA.
| | - Victoria Y Yu
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York 10065, NY, USA
| | - Kathryn R Tringale
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York 10065, NY, USA
| | - Ricardo Otazo
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York 10065, NY, USA
| | - Ouri Cohen
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York 10065, NY, USA
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3
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Basa JE, Clemens R, Clemens SAC, Nicholson M. Landscaping analysis of immunization progress and program structures in selected middle income Southeast Asian countries. Vaccine 2024; 42:2326-2336. [PMID: 38448324 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
This study examined the performance and structures of national immunization program in five middle-income Southeast Asian countries - Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines, Viet Nam, and Myanmar, and analyzed how the different structures relate to the difference in program performance to identify effective strategies in the study countries that facilitated good immunization performance. Data were derived from published literature, and WHO/UNICEF/Gavi databases, with 2010 as the baseline year. UMICs Malaysia and Thailand maintained ≥90 % coverage from 2010 to 2020 and even during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021. LMICs Viet Nam and donor-supported Myanmar also achieved 80-90 % coverage for most routine vaccines in 2020. The Philippines have not reached ≥90 % coverage since 2010, with the maximum only 72 % (MCV1 and Polio3) in 2020. All study countries prioritize immunization and increased government financing since 2010 by minimum 91 % in Malaysia and 1897 % in Myanmar. However, Myanmar still largely depended on donor support with government financing only 32 % of immunization costs in 2021. The Philippines funds 100 % of immunization costs and ensures sustainable financing for the NIP through earmarked "sin tax" revenues from alcohol and tobacco. Donor support influenced new vaccine introductions among the study countries, with Gavi countries Myanmar and Viet Nam introducing more new vaccines, compared to Gavi-ineligible Malaysia and Thailand. The Philippines reported vaccine stock-outs every year amounting to 28 stock-outs events from 2010 to 2019, compared to only 1-4 stockouts in the other study countries. Donor support, innovative financing, and domestic vaccine manufacturing all play an important role in the efficient delivery of immunization services as demonstrated by the several new vaccine introductions and high immunization rates in Myanmar though Gavi and UNICEF support, additional annual $1.2 billion budget for health and immunization from "sin taxes" in the Philippines, and lack of stockouts for vaccines sourced at affordable prices from domestic manufacturers in Viet Nam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessabelle E Basa
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Department of Health, Philippines; Institute for Global Health, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
| | - Ralf Clemens
- Institute for Global Health, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; International Vaccine Institute (IVI), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sue Ann Costa Clemens
- Institute for Global Health, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Lv Z, Zheng K, Tan J. Revisiting the relationship between natural resources and environmental quality- can ICT break the "resource curse" in the environment? J Environ Manage 2024; 357:120755. [PMID: 38581890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Despite the prevalence of discussions on the "resource curse", the impact of natural resources on environmental quality for better or for worse has not been clearly answered, this study aims to answer the question by introducing the role of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). To that end, by using the Instrumental Variable Generalized Method of Moments (IV GMM) estimator and a sample of 102 developing and emerging economies from 2006 to 2016, this paper studies the impact of ICT on the relationship between natural resources and environmental quality. Specially, the Environmental Performance Index (EPI) captures the environmental quality. The results show that natural resources have a significant negative effect on EPI, specially, EPI decreases by one unit with a 1% increase in natural resource rents. ICT significantly mitigates this adverse effect, and marginal effects analysis further confirms its positive moderate effects. The results proved to be robust by Lewbel 2SLS and Driscoll-Kraay techniques or other robust tests. It is noteworthy that the adverse effect of natural resources on EPI is greater and the mitigating effect of ICT is more pronounced in low-income countries and lower-middle income countries. Overall, these results remind resource-based countries to vigorously develop ICT, and apply intelligent exploration, digital monitoring, or other digital technologies to realize the high-efficiency use of natural resources, reducing environmental pollution and ecological damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhike Lv
- School of Business, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China.
| | - Kuankuan Zheng
- School of Business, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China.
| | - Jiyang Tan
- School of Mathematics and Computation Science, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China.
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5
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Biancari F, Mäkikallio T. Hospital racial composition and outcomes after transcatheter and surgical aortic valve replacement. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2024; 103:828-829. [PMID: 38549462 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.31022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Key points
Racial/ethnic cardiovascular disparities have been demonstrated in optimal cardiovascular health.
Racial residential segregation may be a cause of disparities in health.
Early outcomes after aortic valve replacement are worse in hospitals treating a larger proportion of non‐White patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fausto Biancari
- Department of Medicine, South Karelia Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Timo Mäkikallio
- Department of Medicine, South Karelia Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Lappeenranta, Finland
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Dillinger H, Peereboom SM, Kozerke S. Beat phenomena of oscillating readouts. Magn Reson Med 2024; 91:1498-1511. [PMID: 38173292 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To demonstrate slowly varying, erroneous magnetic field gradients for oscillating readouts due to the mechanically resonant behavior of gradient systems. METHODS Projections of a static phantom were acquired using a one-dimensional (1D) EPI sequence with varying EPI frequencies ranging from 1121 to 1580 Hz on clinical 3T systems (30 mT/m, 200 T/m/s). Phase due to static B0 inhomogeneities was eliminated by a complex division of two separate scans with different polarities of the EPI readout. The temporal evolution of phase was evaluated and related to the mechanical resonances of the gradient systems derived from the gradient modulation transfer function. Additionally, the impact of temporally varying mechanical resonance effects on EPI was evaluated using an echo-planar spectroscopic imaging sequence. RESULTS A beat phenomenon resulting in a slowly varying phase was observed. Its temporal frequency was given by the difference between the EPI frequency and the mechanical resonance frequency of the activated gradient axis. The maximum erroneous, oscillating phase during phase encoding was ±0.5 rad for an EPI frequency of 1281 Hz. Echo-planar spectroscopic imaging images showed the resulting time-dependent stretching/compression of the FOV. CONCLUSION Oscillating readouts such as those used in EPI can result in low-frequency, erroneous phase contributions, which are explained by the beat phenomenon. Therefore, EPI phase-correction approaches may need to include beat effects for accurate image reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Dillinger
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sophie M Peereboom
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Kozerke
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Thirty-nine percent of people with type 1 diabetes may have lowered pancreatic elastase levels, correlated with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI or PEI). EPI is treated with oral supplementation of pancreatic enzymes. Little is known about the glycemic impact of pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) in people with diabetes. This article demonstrates a method of assessing glycemic variability (GV), glycemic outcomes, and other changes in an individual with type 1 diabetes using open-source automated insulin delivery (AID). METHOD Macronutrient, PERT intake, and EPI-related symptoms were self-tracked; diabetes data were collected automatically via an open-source AID system. Diabetes data were uploaded via Nightscout to Open Humans and downloaded for analysis alongside self-tracked data (food, PERT). Glycemic outcomes, macronutrients, PERT dosing, and a variety of GV metrics following meals were evaluated for one month before and one month after PERT commencement. Breakfast was assessed independently across both time periods. RESULTS In an n = 1 individual using an open-source AID, time in range was already above goal and improved further after PERT commencement. Glucose rate of change and excursions >180 mg/dL were reduced; mean high blood glucose index was reduced overall and more so specifically at breakfast following PERT commencement. CONCLUSIONS GV can aid in assessing response to new-onset medications, as was demonstrated in this article for n = 1 individual with type 1 diabetes (using an open-source AID) after commencing PERT for newly identified EPI. GV may be useful for evaluating the efficacy of new-onset medications for people with insulin-requiring diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arsalan Shahid
- CeADAR, Ireland’s Centre for Applied AI, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Lewis DM, Rieke JG, Almusaylim K, Kanchibhatla A, Blanchette JE, Lewis C. Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency Dosing Guidelines for Pancreatic Enzyme Replacement Therapy Vary Widely Across Disease Types. Dig Dis Sci 2024; 69:615-633. [PMID: 38117426 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-08184-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) is the standard treatment for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI). However, many individuals are inadequately treated, with gaps in clinical dosing, guidelines, and tools to aid individual titration. METHODS A systematic review identified research and guidelines on PERT dosing recommendations across conditions, systematically reviewing and synthesizing total PERT intake, meal/snack guidelines, and changes over time to provide an up-to-date look at the most common doses used in studies and guidelines. RESULTS This review of 257 articles found wide variability in PERT dosing guidelines within and across conditions. Many patients with EPI are underdosed, with guidelines differing globally and by disease type, and clinician prescribing may also play a role. The most common dosing guidelines focus on starting doses at 40,000-50,000 units of lipase/meal with increases of up to two to three times this amount before pursuing additive therapies. Guidelines and studies typically focus only on fat digestion, and comparison by total daily dose shows underdosing is common. Most PERT studies are on safety and efficacy rather than optimal titration. CONCLUSION The current guidelines for PERT in EPI demonstrate substantial variability in dosing recommendations, both within and across disease types. This variation highlights the need for further research to optimize PERT dosing and improve patient outcomes. Healthcare providers should consider individualizing PERT dosing based on nutritional status and response to therapy, ensuring regular follow-up with patients for dose titrations with consideration that most guidelines are framed as initial doses rather than upper limits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jorden G Rieke
- Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| | - Khaleal Almusaylim
- Diabetes and Metabolic Care Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Anuhya Kanchibhatla
- Department of Arts and Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Julia E Blanchette
- Diabetes and Metabolic Care Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Claudia Lewis
- Diabetes and Metabolic Care Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
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Xu J, Yang B, Kelley D, Magnotta VA. Automated High-Order Shimming for Neuroimaging Studies. Tomography 2023; 9:2148-2157. [PMID: 38133072 PMCID: PMC10748357 DOI: 10.3390/tomography9060168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
B0 inhomogeneity presents a significant challenge in MRI and MR spectroscopy, particularly at high-field strengths, leading to image distortion, signal loss, and spectral broadening. Existing high-order shimming methods can alleviate these issues but often require time-consuming and subjective manual selection of regions of interest (ROIs). To address this, we proposed an automated high-order shimming (autoHOS) method, incorporating deep-learning-based brain extraction and image-based high-order shimming. This approach performs automated real-time brain extraction to define the ROI of the field map to be used in the shimming algorithm. The shimming performance of autoHOS was assessed through in vivo echo-planar imaging (EPI) and spectroscopic studies at both 3T and 7T field strengths. AutoHOS outperforms linear shimming and manual high-order shimming, enhancing both the image and spectral quality by reducing the EPI image distortion and narrowing the MRS spectral lineshapes. Therefore, autoHOS demonstrated a significant improvement in correcting B0 inhomogeneity while eliminating the need for additional user interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xu
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | | | - Douglas Kelley
- GE Corporate Consultant, Contracted through Kelly Services, Fairfax, CA 94930, USA;
| | - Vincent A. Magnotta
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Phan TV, Nguyen VTV, Le MT, Nguyen BGD, Vu TT, Thai KM. Identification of efflux pump inhibitors for Pseudomonas aeruginosa MexAB-OprM via ligand-based pharmacophores, 2D-QSAR, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics approaches. Mol Divers 2023:10.1007/s11030-023-10758-9. [PMID: 37919619 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10758-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Efflux pumps have been reported as one of the significant mechanisms by which bacteria evade the effects of multiple antibiotics. The tripartite efflux pump MexAB-OprM in Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most significant multidrug efflux systems due to its broad resistance to antibiotics such as chloramphenicol, fluoroquinolones, lipophilic β-lactam antibiotics, nalidixic acid, novobiocin, rifampicin, and tetracycline. A promising strategy to overcome this resistance mechanism is to combine antibiotics with efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs), which can increase their intracellular concentration to enhance their biological activities. Based on 143 EPIs with chemically diverse skeletons, the 3D pharmacophore and 2D-QSAR modelings were developed and used for the virtual screening on 9.2 million compounds including ZINC15, DrugBank, and Traditional Chinese Medicine databases to identify new EPIs. The molecular docking was also performed to evaluate the binding affinity of potential EPIs to the distal-binding pocket of MexB and resulted in 611 potential EPIs. The structure-activity relationship analyses suggested that nitrogen heterocyclic compounds, piperazine and pyridine scaffolds, and amide derivatives are the most favorable chemically features for MexAB inhibitory activities. The results from molecular dynamics analysis in 100 ns indicated that ZINC009296881 and ZINC009200074 were the most potential MexB inhibitors with strong binding affinity to the distal pocket and MM/GBSA ∆Gbind values of - 38.97 and - 30.19 kcal mol-1, respectively. The predicted pharmacokinetic properties and toxicity of these compounds indicated their potential oral drugs. Multistep virtual screening of EPIs for MexAB-OprM, efflux pump multidrug resistant of P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thien-Vy Phan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Vu-Thuy-Vy Nguyen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Minh-Tri Le
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
- School of Medicine, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward., Thu Duc Dist, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | | | - Thanh-Thao Vu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Khac-Minh Thai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.
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11
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Sankararaman S, Schindler T. Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency in Children - Challenges in Management. Pediatric Health Med Ther 2023; 14:361-378. [PMID: 37908317 PMCID: PMC10615098 DOI: 10.2147/phmt.s402589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the leading etiology for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) in children, followed by chronic pancreatitis, Shwachman-Diamond syndrome, and other genetic disorders. Management of EPI in children poses several unique challenges such as difficulties in early recognition, lack of widespread availability of diagnostic tests and limited number of pediatric-specific pancreatic centers. Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy is the cornerstone of EPI management and in young children difficulties in administering pancreatic enzymes are frequently encountered. Patients with EPI also should be screened for fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies and receive appropriate supplementation. Among disorders with EPI in children, CF is the relatively well-studied condition, and most management recommendations for EPI in children come from expert consensus and conventional practice guidelines. The impact of EPI can be greater in children given their high metabolic demands and rapid growth. Early diagnosis and aggressive management of EPI prevent consequences of complications such as malnutrition, fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies, and poor bone health and improve outcomes. Management by multi-disciplinary team is the key to success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthilkumar Sankararaman
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, UH Rainbow Babies & Children’s Hospital / Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Teresa Schindler
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, UH Rainbow Babies & Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Malekian V, Graedel NN, Hickling A, Aghaeifar A, Dymerska B, Corbin N, Josephs O, Maguire EA, Callaghan MF. Mitigating susceptibility-induced distortions in high-resolution 3D EPI fMRI at 7T. Neuroimage 2023; 279:120294. [PMID: 37517572 PMCID: PMC10951962 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Geometric distortion is a major limiting factor for spatial specificity in high-resolution fMRI using EPI readouts and is exacerbated at higher field strengths due to increased B0 field inhomogeneity. Prominent correction schemes are based on B0 field-mapping or acquiring reverse phase-encoded (reversed-PE) data. However, to date, comparisons of these techniques in the context of fMRI have only been performed on 2DEPI data, either at lower field or lower resolution. In this study, we investigate distortion compensation in the context of sub-millimetre 3DEPI data at 7T. B0 field-mapping and reversed-PE distortion correction techniques were applied to both partial coverage BOLD-weighted and whole brain MT-weighted 3DEPI data with matched distortion. Qualitative assessment showed overall improvement in cortical alignment for both correction techniques in both 3DEPI fMRI and whole-brain MT-3DEPI datasets. The distortion-corrected MT-3DEPI images were quantitatively evaluated by comparing cortical alignment with an anatomical reference using dice coefficient (DC) and correlation ratio (CR) measures. These showed that B0 field-mapping and reversed-PE methods both improved correspondence between the MT-3DEPI and anatomical data, with more substantial improvements consistently obtained using the reversed-PE approach. Regional analyses demonstrated that the largest benefit of distortion correction, and in particular of the reversed-PE approach, occurred in frontal and temporal regions where susceptibility-induced distortions are known to be greatest, but had not led to complete signal dropout. In conclusion, distortion correction based on reversed-PE data has shown the greater capacity for achieving faithful alignment with anatomical data in the context of high-resolution fMRI at 7T using 3DEPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Malekian
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK.
| | - Nadine N Graedel
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK
| | - Alice Hickling
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK
| | - Ali Aghaeifar
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; MR Research Collaborations, Siemens Healthcare Limited, Frimley, UK
| | - Barbara Dymerska
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK
| | - Nadège Corbin
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, CNRS-University Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Oliver Josephs
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK
| | - Eleanor A Maguire
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK
| | - Martina F Callaghan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK
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Shaterian Mohammadi H, Moazamian D, Athertya JS, Shin SH, Lo J, Suprana A, Malhi BS, Ma Y. Quantitative myelin water imaging using short TR adiabatic inversion recovery prepared echo-planar imaging (STAIR- EPI) sequence. Front Radiol 2023; 3:1263491. [PMID: 37840897 PMCID: PMC10568074 DOI: 10.3389/fradi.2023.1263491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Numerous techniques for myelin water imaging (MWI) have been devised to specifically assess alterations in myelin. The biomarker employed to measure changes in myelin content is known as the myelin water fraction (MWF). The short TR adiabatic inversion recovery (STAIR) sequence has recently been identified as a highly effective method for calculating MWF. The purpose of this study is to develop a new clinical transitional myelin water imaging (MWI) technique that combines STAIR preparation and echo-planar imaging (EPI) (STAIR-EPI) sequence for data acquisition. Methods Myelin water (MW) in the brain has shorter T1 and T2 relaxation times than intracellular and extracellular water. In the proposed STAIR-EPI sequence, a short TR (e.g., ≤300 ms) together with an optimized inversion time enable robust long T1 water suppression with a wide range of T1 values [i.e., (600, 2,000) ms]. The EPI allows fast data acquisition of the remaining MW signals. Seven healthy volunteers and seven patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) were recruited and scanned in this study. The apparent myelin water fraction (aMWF), defined as the signal ratio of MW to total water, was measured in the lesions and normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) in MS patients and compared with those measured in the normal white matter (NWM) in healthy volunteers. Results As seen in the STAIR-EPI images acquired from MS patients, the MS lesions show lower signal intensities than NAWM do. The aMWF measurements for both MS lesions (3.6 ± 1.3%) and NAWM (8.6 ± 1.2%) in MS patients are significantly lower than NWM (10 ± 1.3%) in healthy volunteers (P < 0.001). Discussion The proposed STAIR-EPI technique, which can be implemented in MRI scanners from all vendors, is able to detect myelin loss in both MS lesions and NAWM in MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yajun Ma
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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14
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Merle CS. Implementation strategies for the introduction of the RTS,S/AS01 (RTS,S) malaria vaccine in countries with areas of highly seasonal transmission: workshop meeting report. Malar J 2023; 22:242. [PMID: 37612716 PMCID: PMC10464391 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-023-04657-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A workshop on implementation strategies for the introduction of the RTS,S/AS01 (RTS,S) malaria vaccine in countries with areas of highly seasonal transmission, was held as a hybrid meeting in Dakar, Senegal, and online, 23-25 January 2023. Delegates from Expanded Programmes on Immunization (EPI) and National Malaria Control Programmes (NMCPs) from 13 African countries, and representatives from key stakeholders participated. RTS,S is the first malaria vaccine to be recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). The recommendation followed pilot implementation of the vaccine in Ghana, Kenya and Malawi, which showed that introduction of the vaccine was highly effective at scale, and was associated with a 30% reduction in hospital admissions with severe malaria in age groups eligible to have received the vaccine and no evidence of the safety signals that had been observed in the phase 3 trial. Clinical trials in Mali and Burkina Faso, showed that in children receiving Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC), providing the vaccine just prior to high transmission seasons, matching the period of highest efficacy to the peak transmission season, resulted in substantial reduction in the incidence of clinical malaria and of severe malaria. While SMC has been successfully scaled-up despite the challenges of delivery, there is no established platform for seasonal vaccine delivery and no real-world experience. The objectives of this workshop were, therefore, to share experiences from countries that have introduced the RTS,S vaccine in routine child vaccination programmes, with SMC-implementing countries as they consider malaria vaccine introduction, and to explore implementation strategies in countries with seasonal transmission and where EPI coverage may be low especially in the second year of life. Practical implementation challenges, lessons learned for vaccine introduction, and research questions, towards facilitating the introduction of the RTS,S (and other malaria vaccines) in countries with seasonal malaria transmission were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne S Merle
- Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, 1211, Geneva 27, Switzerland.
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15
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Lewis DM, Shahid A. Survey of Pancreatic Enzyme Replacement Therapy Dosing Experiences in Adults with Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2316. [PMID: 37628514 PMCID: PMC10454644 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11162316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) is essential for treating exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI), a condition where the pancreas does not produce adequate enzymes for digestion. This study delves into the real-world experiences of individuals with EPI regarding their PERT usage. METHODS A study was executed using a tailored survey targeting individuals with EPI. Quantitative data analysis assessed factors such as age, duration of EPI, elastase levels, choice of PERT, perceived effectiveness of titration, and the time taken for effective titration. RESULTS The study comprised 111 participants, predominantly female (93%) and hailing from North America (79%). Of these, 36.7% had been diagnosed with EPI for 3 or more years. A significant 72% felt they were not consistently consuming adequate enzymes, with only 22% believing their intake was sufficient. There were 44 participants (42%) still in the process of adjusting their enzyme doses. In contrast, 17 participants (16%) took a few weeks, 21 (20%) a few months, 11 (10%) over six months, 10 (9%) more than a year, and 3 (3%) several years for dose adjustment. Regarding enzyme titration advice, 30 participants (29%) received vague guidance, while 22 (21%) found the advice beneficial. CONCLUSIONS This study underscores the pressing need for enhanced PERT dosing guidance. The insights gleaned spotlight the prevalent undertreatment across the entire EPI demographic, including in those with lesser-studied co-conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arsalan Shahid
- CeADAR—Ireland’s Centre for Applied AI, University College Dublin, D04 V2N9 Dublin, Ireland
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16
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Nuñez L, Skjefte M, Asamoah OE, Owusu P, Malm K, Miller JE. Successful implementation of ITN distribution through health facilities in Ghana. Malar J 2023; 22:224. [PMID: 37533014 PMCID: PMC10398947 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-023-04592-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global efforts to reduce malaria burden include distribution of insecticide-treated mosquito nets through mass campaigns and routine channels. Ghana's National Malaria Elimination Programme (NMEP) distributes insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) through various channels, including to pregnant women at antenatal care (ANC) visits and children at vaccination visits through child welfare clinics (CWC). This study assessed historical ITN distribution throughout ANCs and CWCs across Ghana and the characteristics of high performing facilities. METHODS Monthly data on routine ITN distribution was provided from Ghana's national health information management system for the years 2016-2021. Analyses were conducted to assess the performance of ITN distribution at ANC and CWC across time, ecological zone, regions, districts, facility ownership, and facility type. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to predict the odds of ANC and CWC issuing rates greater or equal to 80% for a given facility type or ownership. RESULTS In 2021, 93% of women who attended their first antenatal care visit and 92% of children under five who received their second dose of the measles-rubella vaccine (MR2) had received an ITN. At the regional level, 94% of regions (n = 15/16) maintained the NSP target issuing rate of 80% throughout 2020 and 2021. While there were no clear differences in issuing rates between ecological zones, district-level differences were present across the six years. All health facility types performed at or above 80% in 2021 for both ANC and CWC. Odds ratios demonstrated differences in the likelihood of meeting the 80% issuing rate goal among different facility types as well as private versus public ownership when comparing ANC and CWC. CONCLUSION By 2021, Ghana had improved its ITN issuing rates since the initial year of analysis, surpassing the 80% target by issuing nets to over 90% of pregnant women and young children attending ANC and CWC. Future work can explore the reasons for national and subnational differences in issuing rates as well as help understand additional characteristics of high performing facilities. Additionally, it is necessary to identify and expand on the drivers for improved performance over the time period.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Keziah Malm
- National Malaria Elimination Programme, Accra, Ghana
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17
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Kelly S, Liu X, Theiss-Nyland K, Voysey M, Murphy S, Li G, Nyantaro M, Gurung M, Basnet S, Pokhrel B, Bijukchhe SM, Eordogh A, Gombe B, Kakande A, Kerridge S, Kimbugwe G, Kusemererwa S, Lubyayi L, Luzze H, Mazur O, Mujadidi YF, Nabukenya S, Nagumo WR, Nareeba T, Noristani R, O'Reilly P, Roberts A, Shah G, Shrestha S, Shrestha LP, Thapa SB, Kibengo FM, Sharma AK, Elliott A, Shrestha S, Pollard AJ. Optimising DTwP-containing vaccine infant immunisation schedules (OptImms) - a protocol for two parallel, open-label, randomised controlled trials. Trials 2023; 24:465. [PMID: 37480110 PMCID: PMC10360224 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07477-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Universal immunisation is the cornerstone of preventive medicine for children, The World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine administered at 6, 10 and 14 weeks of age as part of routine immunisation. However, globally, more than 17 unique DTP-containing vaccine schedules are in use. New vaccines for other diseases continue to be introduced into the infant immunisation schedule, resulting in an increasingly crowded schedule. The OptImms trial will assess whether antibody titres against pertussis and other antigens in childhood can be maintained whilst adjusting the current Expanded Programme on Immunisation (EPI) schedule to provide space for the introduction of new vaccines. METHODS The OptImms studies are two randomised, five-arm, non-inferiority clinical trials in Nepal and Uganda. Infants aged 6 weeks will be randomised to one of five primary vaccination schedules based on age at first DTwP-vaccination (6 versus 8 weeks of age), number of doses in the DTwP priming series (two versus three), and spacing of priming series vaccinations (4 versus 8 weeks). Additionally, participants will be randomised to receive their DTwP booster at 9 or 12 months of age. A further sub-study will compare the co-administration of typhoid vaccine with other routine vaccines at one year of age. The primary outcome is anti-pertussis toxin IgG antibodies measured at the time of the booster dose. Secondary outcomes include antibodies against other vaccine antigens in the primary schedule and their safety. DISCUSSION These data will provide key data to inform policy decisions on streamlining vaccination schedules in childhood. TRIAL REGISTRATIONS ISRCTN12240140 (Nepa1, 7th January 2021) and ISRCTN6036654 (Uganda, 17th February 2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kelly
- Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Xinxue Liu
- Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Katherine Theiss-Nyland
- Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Merryn Voysey
- Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah Murphy
- Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Grace Li
- Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK.
| | - Mary Nyantaro
- MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Meeru Gurung
- Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Sudha Basnet
- Department of Paediatrics, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | | | - Agnes Eordogh
- Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ben Gombe
- MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Ayoub Kakande
- MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Olga Mazur
- Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Walter-Rodney Nagumo
- Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Rabiullah Noristani
- Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter O'Reilly
- Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew Roberts
- Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Ganesh Shah
- Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Sonu Shrestha
- Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Laxman P Shrestha
- Department of Paediatrics, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Surya B Thapa
- Department of Paediatrics, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Arun K Sharma
- Department of Paediatrics, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Alison Elliott
- MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | | | - Andrew J Pollard
- Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
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18
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Barko PC, Rubin SI, Swanson KS, McMichael MA, Ridgway MD, Williams DA. Untargeted Analysis of Serum Metabolomes in Dogs with Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2313. [PMID: 37508091 PMCID: PMC10376357 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) is a malabsorptive syndrome resulting from insufficient secretion of pancreatic digestive enzymes. EPI is treated with pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT), but the persistence of clinical signs, especially diarrhea, is common after treatment. We used untargeted metabolomics of serum to identify metabolic disturbances associated with EPI and generate novel hypotheses related to its pathophysiology. Fasted serum samples were collected from dogs with EPI (n = 20) and healthy controls (n = 10), all receiving PERT. Serum metabolomes were generated using UPLC-MS/MS, and differences in relative metabolite abundances were compared between the groups. Of the 759 serum metabolites detected, 114 varied significantly (p < 0.05, q < 0.2) between dogs with EPI and healthy controls. Differences in amino acids (arginate, homoarginine, 2-oxoarginine, N-acetyl-cadaverine, and α-ketoglutaramate) and lipids (free fatty acids and docosahexaenoylcarnitine) were consistent with increased proteolysis and lipolysis, indicating a persistent catabolic state in dogs with EPI. Relative abundances of gut microbial metabolites (phenyllactate, 4-hydroxyphenylacetate, phenylacetyl-amino acids, catechol sulfates, and o-cresol-sulfate) were altered in dogs with EPI, consistent with disruptions in gut microbial communities. Increased kynurenine is consistent with the presence of intestinal inflammation in dogs with EPI. Whether these metabolic disturbances participate in the pathophysiology of EPI or contribute to the persistence of clinical signs after treatment is unknown, but they are targets for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C Barko
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | | | - Kelly S Swanson
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | | | - Marcella D Ridgway
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - David A Williams
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
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19
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SCHLUMBERGER M. [Increasing the efficiency of a mobile EPI strategy using injectable polio vaccine in Africa]. Med Trop Sante Int 2023; 3:mtsi.v3i2.2023.344. [PMID: 37525682 PMCID: PMC10387316 DOI: 10.48327/mtsi.v3i2.2023.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Introduction In 1980, partners initiated a mobile simplified EPI (Expanded programme on immunization) strategy for immunizing, with mobile teams, rural and urban populations in Western Africa. This strategy delivered EPI vaccines in two sessions: 1) 3-8 month-old children: BCG-Diphteria Tetanus Pertussis + reinforced killed Polio vaccine; 2) 9-15 month-old children: Diphteria Tetanus Pertussis + reinforced killed Polio vaccine, Measles-Yellow Fever. This strategy was compared to WHO-UNICEF extended EPI strategy, but results were never published in the context of a planned rapid polio eradication with oral polio vaccine. Methods For comparison with standard WHO-UNICEF extended EPI strategy, using oral polio vaccine in four sessions, all the costs generated by these two strategies in 1988 have been collected in two adjacent zones in Burkina Faso, Western Africa: 203,642 inhabitants for WHO-UNICEF extended EPI strategy (Yako); 109,483 inhabitants for mobile simplified EPI strategy (Gourci). An EPI coverage survey at the end of this year has been done in these two adjacent zones with efficiency (costs per fully immunized child) computed. Results In Africa, the simplified mobile EPI strategy using reinforced killed polio vaccine was found two times more efficient (12.71 US$ per fully immunized child) than WHO-UNICEF extended EPI strategy using oral polio vaccine (29.67 US$ per fully immunized child), even if DTP-reinforced killed polio vaccine (0.52 US$ per dose) was more expensive than DTP and oral polio vaccine (0.14 US$ for the combined dose). The missed opportunities uncaught up would have doubled coverage in the WHO-UNICEF extended EPI strategy, versus only a 10% increase with the mobile simplified EPI strategy. The main reason for uncaught up missed opportunities in WHO extended EPI strategy was the absence of requested vaccine delivered by a health agent when attending population at meeting point, due to insufficient cold box volume carried on his moped for transport of vaccine. Discussion After 30 years, since 1990, of poliomyelitis eradication in Africa using oral polio vaccine and with non-added costs in this study of polio mass campaigns, these results should be published to review EPI strategy.
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20
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SALIOU P. [Position of killed polio vaccine in the Expanded Program on Immunization]. Med Trop Sante Int 2023; 3:mtsi.v3i2.2023.380. [PMID: 37525674 PMCID: PMC10387321 DOI: 10.48327/mtsi.v3i2.2023.380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
It may seem surprising that the Editorial Board of Médecine Tropicale et Santé Internationale (MTSI) would agree to publish the article "Increasing the efficiency of a mobile EPI strategy using injectable polio vaccine in Africa" 35 years after the work was completed in 1988. I briefly outline the rationale for this decision here.
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21
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Słoczyńska A, Wand ME, Bock LJ, Tyski S, Laudy AE. Efflux-Related Carbapenem Resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii Is Associated with Two-Component Regulatory Efflux Systems' Alteration and Insertion of ΔAbaR25-Type Island Fragment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119525. [PMID: 37298476 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The efflux pumps, beside the class D carbapenem-hydrolysing enzymes (CHLDs), are being increasingly investigated as a mechanism of carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii. This study investigates the contribution of efflux mechanism to carbapenem resistance in 61 acquired blaCHDL-genes-carrying A. baumannii clinical strains isolated in Warsaw, Poland. Studies were conducted using phenotypic (susceptibility testing to carbapenems ± efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs)) and molecular (determining expression levels of efflux operon with regulatory-gene and whole genome sequencing (WGS)) methods. EPIs reduced carbapenem resistance of 14/61 isolates. Upregulation (5-67-fold) of adeB was observed together with mutations in the sequences of AdeRS local and of BaeS global regulators in all 15 selected isolates. Long-read WGS of isolate no. AB96 revealed the presence of AbaR25 resistance island and its two disrupted elements: the first contained a duplicate ISAba1-blaOXA-23, and the second was located between adeR and adeA in the efflux operon. This insert was flanked by two copies of ISAba1, and one of them provides a strong promoter for adeABC, elevating the adeB expression levels. Our study for the first time reports the involvement of the insertion of the ΔAbaR25-type resistance island fragment with ISAba1 element upstream the efflux operon in the carbapenem resistance of A. baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Słoczyńska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Bioanalysis, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Matthew E Wand
- UK Health Security Agency, Research and Evaluation, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Lucy J Bock
- UK Health Security Agency, Research and Evaluation, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Stefan Tyski
- Department of Antibiotics and Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka E Laudy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Bioanalysis, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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22
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Gaurav A, Bakht P, Saini M, Pandey S, Pathania R. Role of bacterial efflux pumps in antibiotic resistance, virulence, and strategies to discover novel efflux pump inhibitors. Microbiology (Reading) 2023; 169. [PMID: 37224055 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The problem of antibiotic resistance among pathogenic bacteria has reached a crisis level. The treatment options against infections caused by multiple drug-resistant bacteria are shrinking gradually. The current pace of the discovery of new antibacterial entities is lagging behind the rate of development of new resistance. Efflux pumps play a central role in making a bacterium resistant to multiple antibiotics due to their ability to expel a wide range of structurally diverse compounds. Besides providing an escape from antibacterial compounds, efflux pumps are also involved in bacterial stress response, virulence, biofilm formation, and altering host physiology. Efflux pumps are unique yet challenging targets for the discovery of novel efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs). EPIs could help rejuvenate our currently dried pipeline of antibacterial drug discovery. The current article highlights the recent developments in the field of efflux pumps, challenges faced during the development of EPIs and potential approaches for their development. Additionally, this review highlights the utility of resources such as natural products and machine learning to expand our EPIs arsenal using these latest technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Gaurav
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Perwez Bakht
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mahak Saini
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Shivam Pandey
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ranjana Pathania
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
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23
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Chen H, Dai K, Bao J, Zhong S, Hu C, Liu Y, Zhang Z. Pseudo multishot echo-planar imaging for geometric distortion improvement. NMR Biomed 2023; 36:e4885. [PMID: 36454107 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Conventional echo-planar imaging (EPI) uses a radiofrequency pulse for excitation and a prolonged echo train to sample k space, while off-resonance and T2 * decay effects caused by magnetic susceptibility variation accumulate within each echo, leading to geometric distortion. Multishot EPI methods, which divide k space into segments, can shorten the effective echo spacing and reduce the distortion on EPI images. But multiple shots cost longer scan time and render susceptibility to motion. In this study, we propose a new "multishot" EPI method termed pseudo multishot EPI (pmsEPI), in which phase-encoding lines are segmented as in multishot EPI but are collected within a single shot. With the magnetization divided into different pathways via interleaved excitation instead of refocusing in a single long echo train, the total phase error accumulation is reduced in each segmented acquisition, thereby improving distortion of the resultant EPI image. The performance of the pmsEPI method is demonstrated by phantom and in vivo brain experiments on a 3-T scanner. The experimental results show that the distortion displacements of pmsEPI acquisition compared with conventional EPI decrease by 50% with two pseudo shots and 66% with three pseudo shots, validating the ability of the method to obtain images with reduced distortion in a single shot, although magnetization splitting may induce more than 40% SNR loss and minor artifacts. Specifically, the ability of pmsEPI in diffusion-weighted imaging with different trajectory options is highlighted, and the flexibility is demonstrated in a single-shot blip up and down acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Medical Robotics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Dai
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfeng Bao
- Functional Magnetic Resonance and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sijie Zhong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenxi Hu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiling Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Medical Robotics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Bao Q, Xie W, Otikovs M, Xia L, Xie H, Liu X, Liu K, Zhang Z, Chen F, Zhou X, Liu C. Unsupervised cycle-consistent network using restricted subspace field map for removing susceptibility artifacts in EPI. Magn Reson Med 2023; 90:458-472. [PMID: 37052369 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To design an unsupervised deep neural model for correcting susceptibility artifacts in single-shot Echo Planar Imaging (EPI) and evaluate the model for preclinical and clinical applications. METHODS This work proposes an unsupervised cycle-consistent model based on the restricted subspace field map to take advantage of both the deep learning (DL) and the reverse polarity-gradient (RPG) method for single-shot EPI. The proposed model consists of three main components: (1) DLRPG neural network (DLRPG-net) to obtain field maps based on a pair of images acquired with reversed phase encoding; (2) spin physical model-based modules to obtain the corrected undistorted images based on the learned field map; and (3) cycle-consistency loss between the input images and back-calculated images from each cycle is explored for network training. In addition, the field maps generated by DLRPG-net belong to a restricted subspace, which is a span of predefined cubic splines to ensure the smoothness of the field maps and avoid blurring in the corrected images. This new method is trained and validated on both preclinical and clinical datasets for diffusion MRI. RESULTS The proposed network could effectively generate smooth field maps and correct susceptibility artifacts in single-shot EPI. Simulated and in vivo preclinical/clinical experiments demonstrated that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art susceptibility artifact correction methods. Furthermore, the ablation experiments of the cycle-consistent network and the restricted subspace in generating field maps did show the advantages of DLRPG-net. CONCLUSION The proposed method (DLRPG-net) can effectively correct susceptibility artifacts for preclinical and clinical single-shot EPI sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjia Bao
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Weida Xie
- School of Information Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Liyang Xia
- School of Information Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Xie
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Kewen Liu
- School of Information Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology-Optics Valley Laboratory, Hubei, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology-Optics Valley Laboratory, Hubei, 430074, People's Republic of China
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25
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Montez DF, Van AN, Miller RL, Seider NA, Marek S, Zheng A, Newbold DJ, Scheidter K, Feczko E, Perrone AJ, Miranda-Dominguez O, Earl EA, Kay BP, Jha AK, Sotiras A, Laumann TO, Greene DJ, Gordon EM, Tisdall MD, van der Kouwe A, Fair DA, Dosenbach NUF. Using synthetic MR images for distortion correction. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2023; 60:101234. [PMID: 37023632 PMCID: PMC10106483 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional MRI (fMRI) data acquired using echo-planar imaging (EPI) are highly distorted by magnetic field inhomogeneities. Distortion and differences in image contrast between EPI and T1-weighted and T2-weighted (T1w/T2w) images makes their alignment a challenge. Typically, field map data are used to correct EPI distortions. Alignments achieved with field maps can vary greatly and depends on the quality of field map data. However, many public datasets lack field map data entirely. Additionally, reliable field map data is often difficult to acquire in high-motion pediatric or developmental cohorts. To address this, we developed Synth, a software package for distortion correction and cross-modal image registration that does not require field map data. Synth combines information from T1w and T2w anatomical images to construct an idealized undistorted synthetic image with similar contrast properties to EPI data. This synthetic image acts as an effective reference for individual-specific distortion correction. Using pediatric (ABCD: Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development) and adult (MSC: Midnight Scan Club; HCP: Human Connectome Project) data, we demonstrate that Synth performs comparably to field map distortion correction approaches, and often outperforms them. Field map-less distortion correction with Synth allows accurate and precise registration of fMRI data with missing or corrupted field map information.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Montez
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America.
| | - Andrew N Van
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Ryland L Miller
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Nicole A Seider
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Scott Marek
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Annie Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Dillan J Newbold
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America; Department of Neurology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, United States of America
| | - Kristen Scheidter
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Eric Feczko
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Anders J Perrone
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States of America
| | - Oscar Miranda-Dominguez
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Eric A Earl
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States of America
| | - Benjamin P Kay
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Abhinav K Jha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America; Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Aristeidis Sotiras
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America; Institute for Informatics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Timothy O Laumann
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Deanna J Greene
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093, United States of America
| | - Evan M Gordon
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - M Dylan Tisdall
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
| | - Andre van der Kouwe
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States of America; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Damien A Fair
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America; Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Nico U F Dosenbach
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America; Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America; Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
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26
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Thwaites CL, Thanh TT, Ny NTH, Nguyet LA, Nhat NTD, Thuy CT, Thanh NTL, Dung NT, Campbell J, Thai PQ, Tan LV, Choisy M, Boni MF. Seroprotection against tetanus in southern Vietnam. Vaccine 2023; 41:2208-2213. [PMID: 36849339 PMCID: PMC10580288 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ongoing tetanus cases and sporadic outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases associated with routine vaccination programmes remain problems in many low and middle-income countries, including Vietnam. With no human-to-human transmission or natural immunity, tetanus antibody levels indicate both individual risk of tetanus and gaps in vaccination programmes. METHODS To investigate gaps in immunity to tetanus in Vietnam, a country with a historically high level of tetanus vaccination coverage, tetanus antibodies were measure by ELISA from samples selected from a long-term serum bank, established for the purposes of general-population seroepidemiological investigations in southern Vietnam. Samples were selected from 10 provinces, focussing on age-groups targeted by national vaccination programmes for infants and pregnant women (Expanded Programme on Immunization, EPI, and Maternal and Neonatal Tetanus, MNT). RESULTS Antibodies were measured from a total of 3864 samples. Highest tetanus antibody concentrations occurred in children under 4 years old, over 90 % of whom had protective levels. Approximately 70 % of children aged 7-12 years had protective antibody concentrations although there was variation among provinces. For infants and children, there were no significant differences in tetanus protection between males and females, but for adults aged 20-35 years, in five of the ten provinces surveyed, protection against tetanus was higher in females (p < 0.05) who are eligible for booster doses under the MNT programme. In seven of ten provinces, antibody concentrations were inversely related to age (p < 0.01) and protection of older individuals was generally low. CONCLUSION Widespread immunity to tetanus toxoid is seen in infants and young children consistent with the high coverage rates reported for diptheria tetanus toxoid and pertussis (DTP) in Vietnam. However, the lower antibody concentrations seen in older children and men suggest reduced immunity to tetanus in populations not targeted by EPI and MNT programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Louise Thwaites
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Centre for Global Health and Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Tran Tan Thanh
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Thi Han Ny
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Lam Anh Nguyet
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | | | - Cao Thu Thuy
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | | | | | - James Campbell
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Centre for Global Health and Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, UK.
| | - Pham Quang Thai
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Viet Nam; School of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Le Van Tan
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Marc Choisy
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Centre for Global Health and Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Maciej F Boni
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Centre for Global Health and Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, UK; Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
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27
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Sun K, Zhong Z, Dan G, Wang K, Karaman MM, Luo Q, Zhou XJ. Simultaneous multi-segment (SMSeg) EPI over multiple focal regions. Phys Med Biol 2023; 68:10.1088/1361-6560/acb2a9. [PMID: 36634366 PMCID: PMC9994176 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/acb2a9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective.This study aimed at developing a simultaneous multi-segment (SMSeg) imaging technique using a two-dimensional (2D) RF pulse in conjunction with echo planar imaging (EPI) to image multiple focal regions.Approach.The SMSeg technique leveraged periodic replicates of the excitation profile of a 2D RF pulse to simultaneously excite multiple focal regions at different locations. These locations were controlled by rotating and scaling transmit k-space trajectories. The resulting multiple isolated focal regions were projected into a composite 'slice' for display. GRAPPA-based parallel imaging was incorporated into SMSeg by taking advantage of coil sensitivity variations in both the phase-encoded and slice-selection directions. The SMSeg technique was implemented at 3 T in a single-shot gradient-echo EPI sequence and demonstrated in a phantom and human brains for both anatomic imaging and functional imaging.Main results.In both the phantom and the human brain, SMSeg images from three focal regions were simultaneously acquired. SMSeg imaging enabled up to a six-fold acceleration in parallel imaging without causing appreciable residual aliasing artifacts when compared with a conventional gradient-echo EPI sequence with the same acceleration factor. In the functional imaging experiment, BOLD activations associated with a visuomotor task were simultaneously detected in two non-coplanar segments (each with a size of 240 × 30 mm2), corresponding to visual and motor cortices, respectively.Significance.Our study has demonstrated that SMSeg imaging can be a viable method for studying multiple focal regions simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaibao Sun
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Zheng Zhong
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Guangyu Dan
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Kezhou Wang
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America.,VasSol, Inc., River Forest, IL, United States of America
| | - M Muge Karaman
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Qingfei Luo
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Xiaohong Joe Zhou
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America.,Departments of Radiology and Neurosurgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
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28
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Ramos-Llordén G, Lobos RA, Kim TH, Tian Q, Witzel T, Lee HH, Scholz A, Keil B, Yendiki A, Bilgiç B, Haldar JP, Huang SY. High-fidelity, high-spatial-resolution diffusion magnetic resonance imaging of ex vivo whole human brain at ultra-high gradient strength with structured low-rank echo-planar imaging ghost correction. NMR Biomed 2023; 36:e4831. [PMID: 36106429 PMCID: PMC9883835 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) of whole ex vivo human brain specimens enables three-dimensional (3D) mapping of structural connectivity at the mesoscopic scale, providing detailed evaluation of fiber architecture and tissue microstructure at a spatial resolution that is difficult to access in vivo. To account for the short T2 and low diffusivity of fixed tissue, ex vivo dMRI is often acquired using strong diffusion-sensitizing gradients and multishot/segmented 3D echo-planar imaging (EPI) sequences to achieve high spatial resolution. However, the combination of strong diffusion-sensitizing gradients and multishot/segmented EPI readout can result in pronounced ghosting artifacts incurred by nonlinear spatiotemporal variations in the magnetic field produced by eddy currents. Such ghosting artifacts cannot be corrected with conventional correction solutions and pose a significant roadblock to leveraging human MRI scanners with ultrahigh gradients for ex vivo whole-brain dMRI. Here, we show that ghosting-correction approaches that correct for either polarity-related ghosting or shot-to-shot variations in a separate manner are suboptimal for 3D multishot diffusion-weighted EPI experiments in fixed human brain specimens using strong diffusion-sensitizing gradients on the 3-T Connectom MRI scanner, resulting in orientationally biased dMRI estimates. We apply a recently developed advanced k-space reconstruction method based on structured low-rank matrix (SLM) modeling that handles both polarity-related ghosting and shot-to-shot variation simultaneously, to mitigate artifacts in high-angular resolution multishot dMRI data acquired in several fixed human brain specimens at 0.7-0.8-mm isotropic spatial resolution using b-values up to 10,000 s/mm2 and gradient strengths up to 280 mT/m. We demonstrate the improved mapping of diffusion tensor imaging and fiber orientation distribution functions in key neuroanatomical areas distributed across the whole brain using SLM-based EPI ghost correction compared with alternative techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Ramos-Llordén
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rodrigo A. Lobos
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tae Hyung Kim
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Computer Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Qiyuan Tian
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Hong-Hsi Lee
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alina Scholz
- Institute of Medical Physics and Radiation Protection, Mittelhessen University of Applied Sciences, Giessen, Germany
| | - Boris Keil
- Institute of Medical Physics and Radiation Protection, Mittelhessen University of Applied Sciences, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Anastasia Yendiki
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Berkin Bilgiç
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Justin P. Haldar
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Susie Y. Huang
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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29
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Gilder ME, Pateekhum C, Hashmi A, Aramrat C, Aung KK, Miket W, Chu CS, Win D, Bierhoff M, Wiwattanacharoen W, Jiraporncharoen W, Angkurawaranon C, McGready R. Who is protected? Determinants of hepatitis B infant vaccination completion among a prospective cohort of migrant workers in Thailand during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Equity Health 2022; 21:190. [PMID: 36585709 PMCID: PMC9803398 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-022-01802-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B causes significant disease and death globally, despite the availability of effective vaccination. Migration likewise affects hundreds of millions of people annually, many of whom are women and children, and increases risks for poor vaccine completion and mother to child transmission of hepatitis B. In the neighbouring countries of Thailand and Myanmar, vaccine campaigns have made progress but little is known about the reach of these programs into migrant worker communities from Myanmar living in Thailand. METHODS A cohort of 253 postpartum women (53 urban migrants in Chiang Mai and 200 rural migrants in Tak Province) were surveyed about their Hepatitis B knowledge and willingness to vaccinate their children between September 10, 2019 and March 30, 2019. They were subsequently followed to determine vaccine completion. When records of vaccination were unavailable at the birth facility, or visits were late, families were contacted and interviewed about vaccination elsewhere, and reasons for late or missed vaccines. RESULTS Though women in Tak province displayed better knowledge of Hepatitis B and equal intention to vaccinate, they were 14 times less likely to complete Hepatitis B vaccination for their children compared to migrants in Chiang Mai. Tak women were largely undocumented, had private (non-profit) insurance and had more transient residence. In Chiang Mai migrant women were mostly documented and had full access to the Thai national health services. Though minor individual and facility-level differences may have contributed, the major driver of the disparity seems to be the place of migrants within local socio-political-economic systems. The COVID-19 pandemic further disproportionately affected Tak province migrants who faced severe travel restrictions hampering vaccination. Sixty percent of families who were lost to vaccine follow-up in Tak province could not be contacted by phone or home visit. Chiang Mai migrants, with 86.8% vaccine completion, nearly reached the target of 90%. CONCLUSIONS Achievement of high levels of hepatitis B vaccination in migrant communities is important and feasible, and requires inclusive policies that integrate migrants into national health and social services. This is more urgent than ever during the COVID-19 era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ellen Gilder
- grid.7132.70000 0000 9039 7662Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intawaroros Road, Sriphum, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Chanapat Pateekhum
- grid.7132.70000 0000 9039 7662Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intawaroros Road, Sriphum, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Ahmar Hashmi
- grid.267308.80000 0000 9206 2401Institute for Implementation Science, University of Texas Health Sciences Center (UTHealth), Houston, USA ,grid.267308.80000 0000 9206 2401Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Sciences Center (UTHealth), Houston, USA
| | - Chanchanok Aramrat
- grid.7132.70000 0000 9039 7662Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intawaroros Road, Sriphum, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Ko Ko Aung
- grid.10223.320000 0004 1937 0490Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Tak, Thailand
| | - Wimon Miket
- grid.10223.320000 0004 1937 0490Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Tak, Thailand
| | - Cindy S. Chu
- grid.10223.320000 0004 1937 0490Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Tak, Thailand ,grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - December Win
- grid.10223.320000 0004 1937 0490Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Tak, Thailand
| | - Marieke Bierhoff
- grid.10223.320000 0004 1937 0490Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Tak, Thailand
| | | | - Wichuda Jiraporncharoen
- grid.7132.70000 0000 9039 7662Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intawaroros Road, Sriphum, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Chaisiri Angkurawaranon
- grid.7132.70000 0000 9039 7662Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intawaroros Road, Sriphum, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Rose McGready
- grid.10223.320000 0004 1937 0490Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Tak, Thailand ,grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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30
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Blanc DC, Grundy J, Sodha SV, O'Connell TS, von Mühlenbrock HJM, Grevendonk J, Ryman T, Patel M, Olayinka F, Brooks A, Wahl B, Bar-Zeev N, Nandy R, Lindstrand A. Immunization programs to support primary health care and achieve universal health coverage. Vaccine 2022:S0264-410X(22)01218-X. [PMID: 36503857 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.09.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gains in immunization coverage and delivery of primary health care service have stagnated in recent years. Remaining gaps in service coverage reflect multiple underlying reasons that may be amenable to improved health system design. Immunization systems and other primary health care services can be mutually supportive, for improved service delivery and for strengthening of Universal Health Coverage. Improvements require that dynamic and multi-faceted barriers and risks be addressed. These include workforce availability, quality data systems and use, leadership and management that is innovative, flexible, data driven and responsive to local needs. Concurrently, improvements in procurement, supply chain, logistics and delivery systems, and integrated monitoring of vaccine coverage and epidemiological disease surveillance with laboratory systems, and vaccine safety will be needed to support community engagement and drive prioritized actions and communication. Finally, political will and sustained resource commitment with transparent accountability mechanisms are required. The experience of the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on essential PHC services and the challenges of vaccine roll-out affords an opportunity to apply lessons learned in order to enhance vaccine services integrated with strong primary health care services and universal health coverage across the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Chang Blanc
- Department of Immunizations, Vaccines & Biologicals, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - John Grundy
- James Cook University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Samir V Sodha
- Department of Immunizations, Vaccines & Biologicals, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thomas S O'Connell
- Department of Health Systems Governance and Financing, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Jan Grevendonk
- Department of Immunizations, Vaccines & Biologicals, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tove Ryman
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle WA, United States
| | - Minal Patel
- Department of Immunizations, Vaccines & Biologicals, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Folake Olayinka
- U.S. Agency for International Development, Washington, United States
| | | | - Brian Wahl
- International Vaccine Access Center, Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Naor Bar-Zeev
- International Vaccine Access Center, Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Robin Nandy
- Health Section, Program Division, United Nations Children's Fund, NY, United States
| | - Ann Lindstrand
- Department of Immunizations, Vaccines & Biologicals, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Miller JE, Malm K, Serge AA, Ateba MJ, Gitanya P, Sene D, Kooma EH, Kandeh B, Gerberg L, Nuñez L. Multi-country review of ITN routine distribution data: are ANC and EPI channels achieving their potential? Malar J 2022; 21:366. [PMID: 36461005 PMCID: PMC9719175 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-022-04373-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Routine continuous distribution (CD) of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) has been an important part of an overall ITN strategy to complement mass campaigns since the early 2000s. The backbone of CD implementation for many sub-Saharan African countries is distribution through antenatal care (ANC) and Expanded Programme for Immunizations (EPI) channels. Performance of these channels is often not monitored closely at the national level, nor is it reviewed globally, unlike the oversight provided to mass campaigns. The question as to why every eligible pregnant woman and child attending these services does not get an ITN remains important and yet, unanswered. METHODS ANC and EPI issuing rates from seven countries were reviewed with the aim of conducting a blinded multi-country analysis. Monthly data from January to December 2021 was extracted from each country's health management information system and analysed jointly with a National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP) focal point. VectorLink CD assessment reports were also reviewed to glean key findings. RESULTS ITN issuing rates varied across countries at ANC (31% to 93%) and EPI (39% to 92%). Across the seven countries, the median ITN issuing rate was 64% at ANC and 78% at EPI. Results varied greatly across months per country at both ANC and EPI. NMCP focal points are aware that mass campaigns often negatively affect implementation of ITN distribution through ANC and EPI, even though global and national guidelines emphasize sustaining CD during campaigns. Concerns were also raised about the standard ITN issuing rate indicator at ANC and even more so at EPI due to the denominator. Findings from CD assessments were similar across countries: ITN stock was inconsistent and sometimes inadequate, and updated guidelines on ITN distribution and utilization and funding for social behaviour change activities were lacking at the facility level. CONCLUSION The importance of optimizing ANC and EPI routine channels cannot be underscored enough. They are at the frontline to protect the most biologically vulnerable populations, i.e., pregnant women and unborn and young children. Although there are encouraging signs of improvement in issuing rates with some countries reaching optimal rates, further improvements are needed to ensure that every pregnant woman and young child receives the ITN to which they are entitled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane E. Miller
- grid.423224.10000 0001 0020 3631PMI VectorLink, PSI, Washington, DC USA
| | - Kezia Malm
- National Malaria Control Programme, Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | - Peter Gitanya
- grid.415734.00000 0001 2185 2147National Malaria Control Programme, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Doudou Sene
- National Malaria Control Programme, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - Balla Kandeh
- National Malaria Control Programme, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Lilia Gerberg
- grid.507606.2U.S. President’s Malaria Initiative, USAID, Washington, DC USA
| | - Luigi Nuñez
- grid.423224.10000 0001 0020 3631PMI VectorLink, PSI, Washington, DC USA
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32
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van Gorkum RJH, Guenthner C, Koethe A, Stoeck CT, Kozerke S. Characterization and correction of diffusion gradient-induced eddy currents in second-order motion-compensated echo-planar and spiral cardiac DTI. Magn Reson Med 2022; 88:2378-2394. [PMID: 35916545 PMCID: PMC9804234 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Very high gradient amplitudes played out over extended time intervals as required for second-order motion-compensated cardiac DTI may violate the assumption of a linear time-invariant gradient system model. The aim of this work was to characterize diffusion gradient-related system nonlinearity and propose a correction approach for echo-planar and spiral spin-echo motion-compensated cardiac DTI. METHODS Diffusion gradient-induced eddy currents of 9 diffusion directions were characterized at b values of 150 s/mm2 and 450 s/mm2 for a 1.5 Tesla system and used to correct phantom, ex vivo, and in vivo motion-compensated cardiac DTI data acquired with echo-planar and spiral trajectories. Predicted trajectories were calculated using gradient impulse response function and diffusion gradient strength- and direction-dependent zeroth- and first-order eddy current responses. A reconstruction method was implemented using the predicted <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:semantics><mml:mrow><mml:mi>k</mml:mi></mml:mrow> <mml:annotation>$$ k $$</mml:annotation></mml:semantics> </mml:math> -space trajectories to additionally include off-resonances and concomitant fields. Resulting images were compared to a reference reconstruction omitting diffusion gradient-induced eddy current correction. RESULTS Diffusion gradient-induced eddy currents exhibited nonlinear effects when scaling up the gradient amplitude and could not be described by a 3D basis alone. This indicates that a gradient impulse response function does not suffice to describe diffusion gradient-induced eddy currents. Zeroth- and first-order diffusion gradient-induced eddy current effects of up to -1.7 rad and -16 to +12 rad/m, respectively, were identified. Zeroth- and first-order diffusion gradient-induced eddy current correction yielded improved image quality upon image reconstruction. CONCLUSION The proposed approach offers correction of diffusion gradient-induced zeroth- and first-order eddy currents, reducing image distortions to promote improvements of second-order motion-compensated spin-echo cardiac DTI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Guenthner
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich
ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Andreas Koethe
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich
ZurichSwitzerland,Center for Proton Therapy, Paul Scherrer InstituteVilligenSwitzerland
| | - Christian T. Stoeck
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich
ZurichSwitzerland,Division of Surgical ResearchUniversity Hospital Zurich, University ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Sebastian Kozerke
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich
ZurichSwitzerland
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Borrella-Andrés S, Malo-Urriés M, Pérez-Bellmunt A, Arias-Buría JL, Rodríguez-Sanz J, Albarova-Corral MI, González-Rueda V, Gallego-Sendarrubias GM, Fernández-de-las-Peñas C, López-de-Celis C. Application of Percutaneous Needle Electrolysis Does Not Elicit Temperature Changes: An In Vitro Cadaveric Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:15738. [PMID: 36497812 PMCID: PMC9735625 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Percutaneous needle electrolysis (PNE) consists of the ultrasound-guided application of a galvanic electrical current through a solid filament needle. One proposed therapeutic mechanism for this intervention is a potential thermal effect. The aim of this study was to investigate if the application of PNE induces changes in temperature in different cadaveric musculoskeletal tissues. A repeated measure experimental cadaveric study was designed with 10 cryopreserved knees (5 men, 5 women). Sterile stainless-steel needles of 40 mm length and 0.30 mm caliber were used in this study. An ultrasound-guided needling puncture was performed in the targeted tissue (patellar tendon, infra-patellar fat, and vastus medialis muscle). Additionally, the tip of the needle was placed next to the thermometer sensor at the minimum possible distance without direct contact with it. The temperature differences before and after different applications were measured. The applications were: three applications for 3 s of 3 mA of intensity (3:3:3) when the tendon was the targeted tissue, three applications for 3 s of 1.5 mA of intensity (1.5:3:3) when the fat or muscle was the targeted tissue, and 24 s of 1 mA of intensity (1:24:1) in all tissues. No statistically significant Group*Time interactions were found in any tissue (tendon: F = 0.571, p = 0.459, ŋ2 = 0.03; fat pad: F = 0.093; p = 0.764, ŋ2 = 0.01; muscle: F = 0.681; p = 0.420, ŋ2 = 0.04). Overall, no changes in temperature were observed between both applications in the tendon (3:3:3 vs. 1:24:1) and fat/muscle (1.5:3:3 vs. 1:24:1) tissues. The application of two different percutaneous needle electrolysis protocols did not produce appreciable thermal changes in the tendon, fat, and muscle tissues of human cadavers. The results from the current cadaver study support that a thermal effect should not be considered as a mechanism of clinical action regardless of the targeted human tissue when applying percutaneous needle electrolysis since no changes in temperature after its application were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Albert Pérez-Bellmunt
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
- ACTIUM Functional Anatomy Group, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - José L. Arias-Buría
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Jacobo Rodríguez-Sanz
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
- ACTIUM Functional Anatomy Group, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | | | - Vanessa González-Rueda
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
- ACTIUM Functional Anatomy Group, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
- Department of Physical Therapy, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - César Fernández-de-las-Peñas
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Carlos López-de-Celis
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
- ACTIUM Functional Anatomy Group, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
- Department of Physical Therapy, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
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Cauilan A, Ruiz C. Sodium Malonate Inhibits the AcrAB-TolC Multidrug Efflux Pump of Escherichia coli and Increases Antibiotic Efficacy. Pathogens 2022; 11. [PMID: 36558743 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need to find novel treatments for combating multidrug-resistant bacteria. Multidrug efflux pumps that expel antibiotics out of cells are major contributors to this problem. Therefore, using efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) is a promising strategy to increase antibiotic efficacy. However, there are no EPIs currently approved for clinical use especially because of their toxicity. This study investigates sodium malonate, a natural, non-hazardous, small molecule, for its use as a novel EPI of AcrAB-TolC, the main multidrug efflux pump of the Enterobacteriaceae family. Using ethidium bromide accumulation experiments, we found that 25 mM sodium malonate inhibited efflux by the AcrAB-TolC and other MDR pumps of Escherichia coli to a similar degree than 50 μΜ phenylalanine-arginine-β-naphthylamide, a well-known EPI. Using minimum inhibitory concentration assays and molecular docking to study AcrB-ligand interactions, we found that sodium malonate increased the efficacy of ethidium bromide and the antibiotics minocycline, chloramphenicol, and ciprofloxacin, possibly via binding to multiple AcrB locations, including the AcrB proximal binding pocket. In conclusion, sodium malonate is a newly discovered EPI that increases antibiotic efficacy. Our findings support the development of malonic acid/sodium malonate and its derivatives as promising EPIs for augmenting antibiotic efficacy when treating multidrug-resistant bacterial infections.
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Bhattacharyya S, Bhattacharyya M, Pfannenstiel DM, Nandi AK, Hwang Y, Ho K, Harshey RM. Efflux-linked accelerated evolution of antibiotic resistance at a population edge. Mol Cell 2022; 82:4368-4385.e6. [PMID: 36400010 PMCID: PMC9699456 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Efflux is a common mechanism of resistance to antibiotics. We show that efflux itself promotes accumulation of antibiotic-resistance mutations (ARMs). This phenomenon was initially discovered in a bacterial swarm where the linked phenotypes of high efflux and high mutation frequencies spatially segregated to the edge, driven there by motility. We have uncovered and validated a global regulatory network connecting high efflux to downregulation of specific DNA-repair pathways even in non-swarming states. The efflux-DNA repair link was corroborated in a clinical "resistome" database: genomes with mutations that increase efflux exhibit a significant increase in ARMs. Accordingly, efflux inhibitors decreased evolvability to antibiotic resistance. Swarms also revealed how bacterial populations serve as a reservoir of ARMs even in the absence of antibiotic selection pressure. High efflux at the edge births mutants that, despite compromised fitness, survive there because of reduced competition. This finding is relevant to biofilms where efflux activity is high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Bhattacharyya
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and LaMontagne Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | | | - Dylan M Pfannenstiel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and LaMontagne Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Anjan K Nandi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research, Kolkata, India
| | - YuneSahng Hwang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and LaMontagne Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Khang Ho
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and LaMontagne Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Rasika M Harshey
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and LaMontagne Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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Powell E, Schneider T, Battiston M, Grussu F, Toosy A, Clayden JD, Wheeler‐Kingshott CAMG. SENSE EPI reconstruction with 2D phase error correction and channel-wise noise removal. Magn Reson Med 2022; 88:2157-2166. [PMID: 35877787 PMCID: PMC9545987 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a robust reconstruction pipeline for EPI data that enables 2D Nyquist phase error correction using sensitivity encoding without incurring major noise artifacts in low SNR data. METHODS SENSE with 2D phase error correction (PEC-SENSE) was combined with channel-wise noise removal using Marcenko-Pastur principal component analysis (MPPCA) to simultaneously eliminate Nyquist ghost artifacts in EPI data and mitigate the noise amplification associated with phase correction using parallel imaging. The proposed pipeline (coined SPECTRE) was validated in phantom DW-EPI data using the accuracy and precision of diffusion metrics; ground truth values were obtained from data acquired with a spin echo readout. Results from the SPECTRE pipeline were compared against PEC-SENSE reconstructions with three alternate denoising strategies: (i) no denoising; (ii) denoising of magnitude data after image formation; (iii) denoising of complex data after image formation. SPECTRE was then tested using highb $$ b $$ -value (i.e., low SNR) diffusion data (up tob = 3000 $$ b=3000 $$ s/mm2 $$ {}^2 $$ ) in four healthy subjects. RESULTS Noise amplification associated with phase error correction incurred a 23% bias in phantom mean diffusivity (MD) measurements. Phantom MD estimates using the SPECTRE pipeline were within 8% of the ground truth value. In healthy volunteers, the SPECTRE pipeline visibly corrected Nyquist ghost artifacts and reduced associated noise amplification in highb $$ b $$ -value data. CONCLUSION The proposed reconstruction pipeline is effective in correcting low SNR data, and improves the accuracy and precision of derived diffusion metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Powell
- Queen Square MS Centre, UCL Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Marco Battiston
- Queen Square MS Centre, UCL Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Francesco Grussu
- Queen Square MS Centre, UCL Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Radiomics GroupVall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital CampusBarcelonaSpain
| | - Ahmed Toosy
- Queen Square MS Centre, UCL Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Jonathan D. Clayden
- Developmental Imaging and Biophysics Section, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Claudia A. M. Gandini Wheeler‐Kingshott
- Queen Square MS Centre, UCL Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Brain and Behavioural SciencesUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
- Brain MRI 3T CenterIRCCS Mondino FoundationPaviaItaly
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Dabrowski O, Courvoisier S, Falcone JL, Klauser A, Songeon J, Kocher M, Chopard B, Lazeyras F. Choreography Controlled (ChoCo) brain MRI artifact generation for labeled motion-corrupted datasets. Phys Med 2022; 102:79-87. [PMID: 36137403 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MRI is a non-invasive medical imaging modality that is sensitive to patient motion, which constitutes a major limitation in most clinical applications. Solutions may arise from the reduction of acquisition times or from motion-correction techniques, either prospective or retrospective. Benchmarking the latter methods requires labeled motion-corrupted datasets, which are uncommon. Up to our best knowledge, no protocol for generating labeled datasets of MRI images corrupted by controlled motion has yet been proposed. Hence, we present a methodology allowing the acquisition of reproducible motion-corrupted MRI images as well as validation of the system's performance by motion estimation through rigid-body volume registration of fast 3D echo-planar imaging (EPI) time series. A proof-of-concept is presented, to show how the protocol can be implemented to provide qualitative and quantitative results. An MRI-compatible video system displays a moving target that volunteers equipped with customized plastic glasses must follow to perform predefined head choreographies. Motion estimation using rigid-body EPI time series registration demonstrated that head position can be accurately determined (with an average standard deviation of about 0.39 degrees). A spatio-temporal upsampling and interpolation method to cope with fast motion is also proposed in order to improve motion estimation. The proposed protocol is versatile and straightforward. It is compatible with all MRI systems and may provide insights on the origins of specific motion artifacts. The MRI and artificial intelligence research communities could benefit from this work to build in-vivo labeled datasets of motion-corrupted MRI images suitable for training/testing any retrospective motion correction or machine learning algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Dabrowski
- Computer Science Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Sébastien Courvoisier
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, MRI HUG-UNIGE, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Luc Falcone
- Computer Science Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Antoine Klauser
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, MRI HUG-UNIGE, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julien Songeon
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, MRI HUG-UNIGE, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michel Kocher
- Biomedical Imaging Group (BIG), School of Engineering, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bastien Chopard
- Computer Science Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - François Lazeyras
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, MRI HUG-UNIGE, Geneva, Switzerland
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Hahesy E, Cruz-Espinoza LM, Nyirenda G, Tadesse BT, Kim JH, Marks F, Rakotozandrindrainy R, Wetzker W, Haselbeck A. Madagascar's EPI vaccine programs: A systematic review uncovering the role of a child's sex and other barriers to vaccination. Front Public Health 2022; 10:995788. [PMID: 36187658 PMCID: PMC9523513 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.995788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immunizations are one of the most effective tools a community can use to increase overall health and decrease the burden of vaccine-preventable diseases. Nevertheless, socioeconomic status, geographical location, education, and a child's sex have been identified as contributing to inequities in vaccine uptake in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Madagascar follows the World Health Organization's Extended Programme on Immunization (EPI) schedule, yet vaccine distribution remains highly inequitable throughout the country. This systematic review sought to understand the differences in EPI vaccine uptake between boys and girls in Madagascar. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted in August 2021 through MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, Global Index Medicus, and Google Scholar to identify articles reporting sex-disaggregated vaccination rates in Malagasy children. Gray literature was also searched for relevant data. All peer-reviewed articles reporting sex-disaggregated data on childhood immunizations in Madagascar were eligible for inclusion. Risk of bias was assessed using a tool designed for use in systematic reviews. Data extraction was conducted with a pre-defined data extraction tool. Sex-disaggregated data were synthesized to understand the impact of a child's sex on vaccination status. Findings The systematic search identified 585 articles of which a total of three studies were included in the final data synthesis. One additional publication was included from the gray literature search. Data from included articles were heterogeneous and, overall, indicated similar vaccination rates in boys and girls. Three of the four articles reported slightly higher vaccination rates in girls than in boys. A meta-analysis was not conducted due to the heterogeneity of included data. Six additional barriers to immunization were identified: socioeconomic status, mother's education, geographic location, supply chain issues, father's education, number of children in the household, and media access. Interpretation The systematic review revealed the scarcity of available sex-stratified immunization data for Malagasy children. The evidence available was limited and heterogeneous, preventing researchers from conclusively confirming or denying differences in vaccine uptake based on sex. The low vaccination rates and additional barriers identified here indicate a need for increased focus on addressing the specific obstacles to vaccination in Madagascar. A more comprehensive assessment of sex-disaggregated vaccination status of Malagasy children and its relationship with such additional obstacles is recommended. Further investigation of potential differences in vaccination status will allow for the effective implementation of strategies to expand vaccine coverage in Madagascar equitably. Funding and registration AH, BT, FM, GN, and RR are supported by a grant from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (grant number: OPP1205877). The review protocol is registered in the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO ID: CRD42021265000).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Hahesy
- Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Florian Marks
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea
- University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Yang Z, Lu M, Drake G, Wang F, Yang PF, Chen LM, Gore JC, Yan X. RF shielding designs for birdcage coils for preclinical MRI at 9.4 T. Magn Reson Imaging 2022; 94:1-6. [PMID: 36075493 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2022.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Birdcage coils are widely used in preclinical MRI as they perform well, allow for quadrature drive, and can provide a homogeneous transmit field. Unlike in larger bore scanners, an RF shield is essential to avoid strong cross-talk with gradient coils that are in close proximity. However, gradient switching induces eddy currents that heat the shield and coil and impair the temporal signal-to-noise ratio (tSNR). The motivation of this study is to investigate the performance of different designs of RF shields on a birdcage coil used for high resolution functional MRI of small primates at 9.4 T. We found the choice of materials for RF shields significantly affected ghosting and tSNR in fMRI scans. Both ultrathin foils and a slotted pattern reduce eddy currents and improve imaging quality. Our results also demonstrate that a 9-um-thick copper foil is sufficiently thin to reduce the eddy current effects for high-resolution fMRI scans and there is no need for high-cost 4-um-thick foil. For slotted shields, our results demonstrate that the number of slots should be carefully considered, and an excessive number of slots can lead to a lower SNR and tSNR. We believe the results from this study can be used as a reference to design future RF coil shields selection for preclinical scanners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangyan Yang
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ming Lu
- College of Nuclear Equipment and Nuclear Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Gary Drake
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Feng Wang
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Pai-Feng Yang
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Li Min Chen
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John C Gore
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xinqiang Yan
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Wang D, Ehses P, Stöcker T, Stirnberg R. Reproducibility of rapid multi-parameter mapping at 3T and 7T with highly segmented and accelerated 3D- EPI. Magn Reson Med 2022; 88:2217-2232. [PMID: 35877781 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Quantitative multi-parameter mapping (MPM) has been shown to provide good longitudinal and cross-sectional reproducibility for clinical research. Unfortunately, acquisition times (TAs) are typically infeasible for routine scanning at high resolutions. METHODS A fast whole-brain MPM protocol based on interleaved multi-shot 3D-EPI with controlled aliasing (SC-EPI) at 3T and 7T is proposed and compared with MPM using a standard spoiled gradient echo (FLASH) sequence. Four parameters (R1 , PD, R 2 * $$ {R}_2^{\ast } $$ , and MTsat) were measured in less than 3 min at 1 mm isotropic resolution. Five subjects went through the same scanning sessions twice at each scanner. The intra-subject coefficient of variation (scan-rescan) (CoV) was estimated for each protocol and scanner to assess the longitudinal reproducibility. RESULTS At 3T, the CoV of SC-EPI ranged between 1.2%-4.8% for PD and R1 , 2.8%-10.6% for R 2 * $$ {R}_2^{\ast } $$ and MTsat, which was comparable with FLASH (0.6%-4.9% for PD and R1 , 2.6%-11.3% for R 2 * $$ {R}_2^{\ast } $$ and MTsat). At 7T, where the SC-EPI TA was reduced to ∼2 min, the CoV of SC-EPI (1.4%-10.6% for PD, R1 , and R 2 * $$ {R}_2^{\ast } $$ ) was 1.2-2.4 times larger than the CoV of FLASH (1.0%-15%) and MTsat showed much higher variability across subjects. The SC-EPI-MPM protocol at 3T showed high reproducibility and yielded stable quantitative maps at a clinically feasible resolution and scan time, whereas at 7T, MT saturation homogeneity needs to be improved. CONCLUSION SC-EPI-based MPM is feasible as an additional MRI modality in clinical or population studies where the parameters offer great potential as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Difei Wang
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Philipp Ehses
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Tony Stöcker
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Tung YH, In MH, Ahn S, Speck O. Rapid Geometry-Corrected Echo-Planar Diffusion Imaging at Ultrahigh Field: Fusing View Angle Tilting and Point-Spread Function Mapping. Magn Reson Med 2022; 88:2074-2087. [PMID: 35762910 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Severe geometric distortions induced by tissue susceptibility, water-fat chemical shift, and eddy currents pose a substantial obstacle in single-shot EPI, especially for high-resolution imaging at ultrahigh field. View angle tilting (VAT)-EPI can mitigate in-plane distortion. However, the accompanied strong image blurring prevented its widespread applications. On the other hand, point-spread function mapping (PSF)-EPI can correct distortion and blurring accurately but requires prolonged scan time. We present fused VAT-PSF-EPI and possibilities for acceleration. METHODS MR signal equations were explicitly derived to quantify image blurring in VAT-EPI and the maximum acceleration capacity in VAT-PSF-EPI. To validate the theoretical prediction, phantom measurements with varying in-plane parallel imaging factors, slice thicknesses, and RF pulses were conducted at 7 Tesla. In addition, in vivo human brain scans were acquired with T2 and diffusion weighting to assess distortion and blurring correction. RESULTS VAT can effectively suppress distortion, and the introduced image blurring is corrected through PSF encoding. Up to fourfold acceleration (only 5 shots) in VAT-PSF-EPI was achieved compared with standard PSF-EPI without VAT. VAT-induced signal loss was mitigated by adjusting the sequence parameters and EPI resolution. In vivo T2 -weighted EPI data with 1.4 mm3 resolution demonstrate immunity to water-fat chemical shift-induced distortion. Very high-spatial resolution diffusion-weighted EPI (0.7 × 0.7 × 2.8 mm3 and 1.2 mm3 ) demonstrates the immunity to eddy current-induced distortion. CONCLUSION VAT-PSF-EPI is a novel spin-echo EPI-based sequence for fast high-resolution diffusion imaging at ultrahigh field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hang Tung
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Institute for Physics, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Myung-Ho In
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sinyeob Ahn
- Siemens Healthineers, San Francisco, California
| | - Oliver Speck
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Institute for Physics, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany
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Wang L, Wang C, Wang F, Chu YH, Yang Z, Wang H. EPI phase error correction with deep learning (PEC-DL) at 7 T. Magn Reson Med 2022; 88:1775-1784. [PMID: 35696532 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The phase mismatch between odd and even echoes in EPI causes Nyquist ghost artifacts. Existing ghost correction methods often suffer from severe residual artifacts and are ineffective with k-space undersampling data. This study proposed a deep learning-based method (PEC-DL) to correct phase errors for DWI at 7 Tesla. METHODS The acquired k-space data were divided into 2 independent undersampled datasets according to their readout polarities. Then the proposed PEC-DL network reconstructed 2 ghost-free images using the undersampled data without calibration and navigator data. The network was trained with fully sampled images and applied to two- and fourfold accelerated data. Healthy volunteers and patients with Moyamoya disease were recruited to validate the efficacy of the PEC-DL method. RESULTS The PEC-DL method was capable to mitigate the ghost artifacts in DWI in healthy volunteers as well as patients with Moyamoya disease. The fourfold accelerated results showed much less distortion in the lesions of the Moyamoya patient using high b-value DWI and the corresponding ADC maps. The ghost-to-signal ratios were significantly lower in PEC-DL images compared to conventional linear phase corrections, mini-entropy, and PEC-GRAPPA algorithms. CONCLUSION The proposed method can effectively eliminate ghost artifacts for full sampled and up to fourfold accelerated EPI data without calibration and navigator data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengyan Wang
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanwen Wang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Hua Chu
- MR Collaboration, Siemens Healthcare Ltd., Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zidong Yang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - He Wang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,MR Collaboration, Siemens Healthcare Ltd., Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Oliva E, Fanti F, Palmieri S, Viteritti E, Eugelio F, Pepe A, Compagnone D, Sergi M. Predictive Multi Experiment Approach for the Determination of Conjugated Phenolic Compounds in Vegetal Matrices by Means of LC-MS/MS. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103089. [PMID: 35630565 PMCID: PMC9147803 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols (PCs) are a numerous class of bioactive molecules and are known for their antioxidant activity. In this work, the potential of the quadrupole/linear ion trap hybrid mass spectrometer (LIT-QqQ) was exploited to develop a semi-untargeted method for the identification of polyphenols in different food matrices: green coffee, Crocus sativus L. (saffron) and Humulus lupulus L. (hop). Several conjugate forms of flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acid were detected using neutral loss (NL) as a survey scan coupled with dependent scans with enhanced product ion (EPI) based on information-dependent acquisition (IDA) criteria. The presented approach is focused on a specific class of molecules and provides comprehensive information on the different conjugation models that are related to specific base molecules, thus allowing a quick and effective identification of all possible combinations, such as mono-, di-, or tri-glycosylation or another type of conjugation such as quinic acid esters.
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Liu Q, Xu Z, Zhao K, Hoge WS, Zhang X, Mei Y, Lu Q, Niendorf T, Feng Y. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in rat kidney using two-dimensional navigated, interleaved echo-planar imaging at 7.0 T. NMR Biomed 2022; 35:e4652. [PMID: 34820933 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of two-dimensional (2D) navigated, interleaved multishot echo-planar imaging (EPI) to enhance kidney diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in rats at 7.0 T. Fully sampled interleaved four-shot EPI with 2D navigators was tailored for kidney DWI (Sprague-Dawley rats, n = 7) on a 7.0-T small bore preclinical scanner. The image quality of four-shot EPI was compared with T2 -weighted rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement (RARE) (reference) and single-shot EPI (ss-EPI) without and with parallel imaging (PI). The contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) was examined to assess the image quality for the EPI approaches. The Dice similarity coefficient and the Hausdorff distance were used for evaluation of image distortion. Mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) were calculated for renal cortex and medulla for all DWI approaches. The corticomedullary difference of MD and FA were assessed by Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Four-shot EPI showed the highest CNR among the three EPI variants and lowest geometric distortion versus T2 -weighted RARE (mean Dice: 0.77 for ss-EPI without PI, 0.88 for ss-EPI with twofold undersampling, and 0.92 for four-shot EPI). The FA map derived from four-shot EPI clearly identified a highly anisotropic region corresponding to the inner stripe of the outer medulla. Four-shot EPI successfully discerned differences in both MD and FA between renal cortex and medulla. In conclusion, 2D navigated, interleaved multishot EPI facilitates high-quality rat kidney DWI with clearly depicted intralayer and interlayer structure and substantially reduced image distortion. This approach enables the anatomic integrity of DWI-MRI in small rodents and has the potential to benefit the characterization of renal microstructure in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing & Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Medical Imaging and Diagnostic Technology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence & Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongbiao Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaixuan Zhao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing & Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Medical Imaging and Diagnostic Technology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence & Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - W Scott Hoge
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing & Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Medical Imaging and Diagnostic Technology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence & Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingjie Mei
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing & Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Medical Imaging and Diagnostic Technology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence & Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiqi Lu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing & Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Medical Imaging and Diagnostic Technology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence & Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Thoralf Niendorf
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yanqiu Feng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing & Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Medical Imaging and Diagnostic Technology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence & Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Bassey BE, Braka F, Onyibe R, Kolude OO, Oluwadare M, Oluwabukola A, Omotunde O, Iyanda OA, Tella AA, Olanike OS. Changing epidemiology of yellow fever virus in Oyo State, Nigeria. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:467. [PMID: 35260123 PMCID: PMC8903872 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12871-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Yellow Fever is an acute viral hemorrhagic disease endemic in tropical Africa and Latin America and is transmitted through infected mosquitoes. The earliest outbreak of yellow fever in Nigeria was reported in Lagos in 1864 with subsequent regular outbreaks reported until 1996. A large epidemic of yellow fever occurred in Oyo State in April and May 1987 following an epidemic of sylvatic yellow fever in Eastern Nigeria the previous year. For 21 years, no further confirmed cases were reported until September 2017 following which Nigeria has been responding to successive outbreaks. The renewed onset of yellow fever outbreaks in Nigeria followed a global trend of reports and from other African countries. Yellow Fever disease has no cure, but control is through vaccination and vector control. Eliminating Yellow fever Epidemic (EYE) strategy to improve high-risk countries’ prevention, preparedness, detection, management, and response to yellow fever outbreaks was developed by the WHO in 2017 and launched in Nigeria in April 2018. Yet, poor vaccination coverage continues to be a cause for concern. Materials and methods We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study that examines the resurgence of Yellow fever cases and outbreaks from 2013 to 2020 in Oyo State, Nigeria. The Yellow Fever data for both surveillance and routine Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) were the focus of the review. Surveillance data were retrieved from the State’s database reported by all 33 LGAs, maintained by the State and supported by the World Health Organization at the Zonal and State levels. The routine EPI data were retrieved from District Health Information Software (DHIS_2). The proportion of LGAs reporting at least one case of suspected yellow fever with a blood specimen and the number of suspected cases reported for each year within the period under review was measured. We also assessed the trend of confirmed cases and the incidence per 100,000 persons. Also, suspected cases of yellow fever were categorized into four age groups and their vaccination status was assessed. The State’s annual administrative routine vaccination coverage for yellow fever vaccine was compared with the number of confirmed cases for each year. Results The proportion of LGAs reporting at least a case of suspected yellow fever, with blood samples collected, ranged from 6.1 to 84.9% between 2014 and 2020 while a total of 9 confirmed (8 cases) and probable (1 case) cases of yellow fever were recorded. However, there were no confirmed cases from the year 2013 to 2016, including 2018 but an upward trend of incidence of the disease per 100,000 persons from 0% to 2013 through 2018, to 3.5% in 2019, and then to 5.6% in 2020 was observed. 93 of 240 (39%) suspected yellow fever cases reported during the given period were observed to have received yellow fever vaccine. Conclusions In conclusion, the increase in the circulation of the yellow fever virus in the state reiterates the state is at a high risk of yellow fever transmission and underlines the need for viable interventions such as environmental hygiene to rid the environment of the disease vector’s ecological niche and improving routine EPI coverage to provide population immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassey Enya Bassey
- World Health Organization (WHO) Nigeria Country Office, UN House, Plot 617/618, Diplomatic Drive, Central Business District, PMB 2861, Garki, Abuja, Nigeria.
| | - Fiona Braka
- World Health Organization (WHO) Nigeria Country Office, UN House, Plot 617/618, Diplomatic Drive, Central Business District, PMB 2861, Garki, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Rosemary Onyibe
- World Health Organization (WHO) Nigeria Country Office, UN House, Plot 617/618, Diplomatic Drive, Central Business District, PMB 2861, Garki, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Olufunmilola Olawumi Kolude
- World Health Organization (WHO) Nigeria Country Office, UN House, Plot 617/618, Diplomatic Drive, Central Business District, PMB 2861, Garki, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Marcus Oluwadare
- World Health Organization (WHO) Nigeria Country Office, UN House, Plot 617/618, Diplomatic Drive, Central Business District, PMB 2861, Garki, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Alawale Oluwabukola
- World Health Organization (WHO) Nigeria Country Office, UN House, Plot 617/618, Diplomatic Drive, Central Business District, PMB 2861, Garki, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Ogunlaja Omotunde
- World Health Organization (WHO) Nigeria Country Office, UN House, Plot 617/618, Diplomatic Drive, Central Business District, PMB 2861, Garki, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Oluwatobi Adeoluwa Iyanda
- World Health Organization (WHO) Nigeria Country Office, UN House, Plot 617/618, Diplomatic Drive, Central Business District, PMB 2861, Garki, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Adedamola Ayodeji Tella
- World Health Organization (WHO) Nigeria Country Office, UN House, Plot 617/618, Diplomatic Drive, Central Business District, PMB 2861, Garki, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Olayiwola Suliat Olanike
- World Health Organization (WHO) Nigeria Country Office, UN House, Plot 617/618, Diplomatic Drive, Central Business District, PMB 2861, Garki, Abuja, Nigeria
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Ji Y, Hoge WS, Gagoski B, Westin CF, Rathi Y, Ning L. Accelerating joint relaxation-diffusion MRI by integrating time division multiplexing and simultaneous multi-slice (TDM-SMS) strategies. Magn Reson Med 2022; 87:2697-2709. [PMID: 35092081 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To accelerate the acquisition of relaxation-diffusion imaging by integrating time-division multiplexing (TDM) with simultaneous multi-slice (SMS) for EPI and evaluate imaging quality and diffusion measures. METHODS The time-division multiplexing (TDM) technique and SMS method were integrated to achieve a high slice-acceleration (e.g., 6×) factor for acquiring relaxation-diffusion MRI. Two variants of the sequence, referred to as TDM3e-SMS and TDM2s-SMS, were developed to simultaneously acquire slice groups with three distinct TEs and two slice groups with the same TE, respectively. Both sequences were evaluated on a 3T scanner with in vivo human brains and compared with standard single-band (SB) -EPI and SMS-EPI using diffusion measures and tractography results. RESULTS Experimental results showed that the TDM3e-SMS sequence with total slice acceleration of 6 (multiplexing factor (MP) = 3 × multi-band factor (MB) = 2) provided similar image intensity and microstructure measures compared to standard SMS-EPI with MB = 2, and yielded less bias in intensity compared to standard SMS-EPI with MB = 4. The three sequences showed a similar positive correlation between TE and mean kurtosis (MK) and a negative correlation between TE and mean diffusivity (MD) in white matter. Multi-fiber tractography also shows consistency of results in TE-dependent measures between different sequences. The TDM2s-SMS sequence (MP = 2, MB = 2) also provided imaging measures similar to standard SMS-EPI sequences (MB = 2) for single-TE diffusion imaging. CONCLUSIONS The TDM-SMS sequence can provide additional 2× to 3× acceleration to SMS without degrading imaging quality. With the significant reduction in scan time, TDM-SMS makes joint relaxation-diffusion MRI a feasible technique in neuroimaging research to investigate new markers of brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ji
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - W Scott Hoge
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Borjan Gagoski
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carl-Fredrik Westin
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yogesh Rathi
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lipeng Ning
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Shahdloo M, Schüffelgen U, Papp D, Miller KL, Chiew M. Model-based dynamic off-resonance correction for improved accelerated fMRI in awake behaving nonhuman primates. Magn Reson Med 2022; 87:2922-2932. [PMID: 35081259 PMCID: PMC9306555 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To estimate dynamic off‐resonance due to vigorous body motion in accelerated fMRI of awake behaving nonhuman primates (NHPs) using the echo‐planar imaging reference navigator, in order to attenuate the effects of time‐varying off‐resonance on the reconstruction. Methods In NHP fMRI, the animal’s head is usually head‐posted, and the dynamic off‐resonance is mainly caused by motion in body parts that are distant from the brain and have low spatial frequency. Hence, off‐resonance at each frame can be approximated as a spatially linear perturbation of the off‐resonance at a reference frame, and is manifested as a relative linear shift in k‐space. Using GRAPPA operators, we estimated these shifts by comparing the navigator at each time frame with that at the reference frame. Estimated shifts were then used to correct the data at each frame. The proposed method was evaluated in phantom scans, simulations, and in vivo data. Results The proposed method is shown to successfully estimate spatially low‐order dynamic off‐resonance perturbations, including induced linear off‐resonance perturbations in phantoms, and is able to correct retrospectively corrupted data in simulations. Finally, it is shown to reduce ghosting artifacts and geometric distortions by up to 20% in simultaneous multislice in vivo acquisitions in awake‐behaving NHPs. Conclusion A method is proposed that does not need sequence modification or extra acquisitions and makes accelerated awake behaving NHP imaging more robust and reliable, reducing the gap between what is possible with NHP protocols and state‐of‐the‐art human imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Shahdloo
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Urs Schüffelgen
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel Papp
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,NeuroPoly Lab, Electrical Engineering Department, Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Karla L Miller
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mark Chiew
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Pellegrino G, Schuler AL, Arcara G, Pino GD, Piccione F, Kobayashi E. Resting State Network Connectivity is attenuated by fMRI acoustic noise. Neuroimage 2021;:118791. [PMID: 34920084 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION During the past decades there has been an increasing interest in tracking brain network fluctuations in health and disease by means of resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Rs-fMRI however does not provide the ideal environmental setting, as participants are continuously exposed to noise generated by MRI coils during acquisition of Echo Planar Imaging (EPI). We investigated the effect of EPI noise on resting state activity and connectivity using magnetoencephalography (MEG), by reproducing the acoustic characteristics of rs-fMRI environment during the recordings. As compared to fMRI, MEG has little sensitivity to brain activity generated in deep brain structures, but has the advantage to capture both the dynamic of cortical magnetic oscillations with high temporal resolution and the slow magnetic fluctuations highly correlated with BOLD signal. METHODS Thirty healthy subjects were enrolled in a counterbalanced design study including three conditions: a) silent resting state (Silence), b) resting state upon EPI noise (fMRI), and c) resting state upon white noise (White). White noise was employed to test the specificity of fMRI noise effect. The amplitude envelope correlation (AEC) in alpha band measured the connectivity of seven Resting State Networks (RSN) of interest (default mode network, dorsal attention network, language, left and right auditory and left and right sensory-motor). Vigilance dynamic was estimated from power spectral activity. RESULTS fMRI and White acoustic noise consistently reduced connectivity of cortical networks. The effects were widespread, but noise and network specificities were also present. For fMRI noise, decreased connectivity was found in the right auditory and sensory-motor networks. Progressive increase of slow theta-delta activity related to drowsiness was found in all conditions, but was significantly higher for fMRI . Theta-delta significantly and positively correlated with variations of cortical connectivity. DISCUSSION rs-fMRI connectivity is biased by unavoidable environmental factors during scanning, which warrant more careful control and improved experimental designs. MEG is free from acoustic noise and allows a sensitive estimation of resting state connectivity in cortical areas. Although underutilized, MEG could overcome issues related to noise during fMRI, in particular when investigation of motor and auditory networks is needed.
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Sun K, Zhong Z, Dan G, Karaman M, Luo Q, Zhou XJ. Three-dimensional reduced field-of-view imaging (3D-rFOVI). Magn Reson Med 2021; 87:2372-2379. [PMID: 34894639 PMCID: PMC8847334 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed at developing a 3D reduced field-of-view imaging (3D-rFOVI) technique using a 2D radiofrequency (RF) pulse, and demonstrating its ability to achieve isotropic high spatial resolution and reduced image distortion in echo planar imaging (EPI). METHODS The proposed 3D-rFOVI technique takes advantage of a 2D RF pulse to excite a slab along the conventional slice-selection direction (i.e., z-direction) while limiting the spatial extent along the phase-encoded direction (i.e., y-direction) within the slab. The slab is phase-encoded in both through-slab and in-slab phase-encoded directions. The 3D-rFOVI technique was implemented at 3T in gradient-echo and spin-echo EPI pulse sequences for functional MRI (fMRI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), respectively. 3D-rFOVI experiments were performed on a phantom and human brain to illustrate image distortion reduction, as well as isotropic high spatial resolution, in comparison with 3D full-FOV imaging. RESULTS In both the phantom and the human brain, image voxel dislocation was substantially reduced by 3D-rFOVI when compared with full-FOV imaging. In the fMRI experiment with visual stimulation, 3D isotropic spatial resolution of (2 × 2 × 2 mm3 ) was achieved with an adequate signal-to-noise ratio (81.5) and blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) contrast (2.5%). In the DWI experiment, diffusion-weighted brain images with an isotropic resolution of (1 × 1 × 1 mm3 ) was obtained without appreciable image distortion. CONCLUSION This study indicates that 3D-rFOVI is a viable approach to 3D neuroimaging over a zoomed region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaibao Sun
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Zheng Zhong
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Guangyu Dan
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Muge Karaman
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Qingfei Luo
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Xiaohong Joe Zhou
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Departments of Radiology and Neurosurgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Anutebeh EN, Tatah L, Feteh VF, Aroke D, Assob JCN, Choukem SP. Immune response to hepatitis B vaccine following complete immunization of children attending two regional hospitals in the Southwest region of Cameroon: a cross sectional study. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:1205. [PMID: 34856942 PMCID: PMC8641163 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06913-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection despite being a vaccine preventable disease remains a global public health problem. In Cameroon, the hepatitis B vaccine was introduced in the expanded program on immunisation in 2005, but there has been limited evaluation of the HBV surface antibody response post vaccination. OBJECTIVE We investigated the immune response to hepatitis B vaccine in infants who received the DPT-Hep B-Hib vaccine, and we assessed HBsAg carriage in non-responders. We also investigated factors associated with non-response or poor response. METHODS Using a hospital based cross sectional design and a structured questionnaire over a four-month period (January to April 2019), we collected data to determine factors associated with hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) response from infants aged 6 to 9 months attending infant welfare clinics (IWC) at the Buea and Limbe regional hospitals. We collected venous blood and measured anti-HBs titres using a quantitative Foresight® ELISA. We entered and analysed data using EpiData version 3.1 and SPSS version 25 respectively. RESULTS Of the 161 infants enrolled, 159 (98.8%) developed anti-HBs antibodies. Of these 159, 157 (97.5%) and 117 (72.7%) developed ≥ 10.0 mIU/ml (seroprotection) and ≥ 100.0 mIU/ml anti-HBs titres respectively. Being younger (6 months old) was associated with seroprotection (Cramer V = 0.322, p = 0.001). Spearman rho's relational analysis showed that immunity against HBV reduced as the duration since the last dose increased (r = -0.172; P = 0.029). However, a Firth logistic regression showed no significant association of factors with inadequate immunity. All 12 (7.5%) infants exposed to HBV at birth, received the hepatitis B vaccine at birth, including four who received HBIG, and all were protected. Four infants (2.5%) had anti-HBs titres < 10.0 mIU/mL (non-responders) but had no peculiarity. CONCLUSION The seroprotective rate following hepatitis B vaccination of infants is high even in exposed infants. Our study suggests that Cameroon's HBV vaccine in the Expanded Program on Immunisation (EPI) is effective against HBV, although we could not account for the 2.5% non-response rate. Large scale studies are needed to further explore non-response to the vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ephesians N Anutebeh
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Health and Human Development (2HD) Research Network, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Lambed Tatah
- Health and Human Development (2HD) Research Network, Douala, Cameroon
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Vitalis F Feteh
- Health and Human Development (2HD) Research Network, Douala, Cameroon
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Desmond Aroke
- Health and Human Development (2HD) Research Network, Douala, Cameroon
- Newark Beth Israel Medical Centre, Newark, NJ, USA
- African Journal of Integrated Health, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Jules C N Assob
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- African Journal of Integrated Health, Buea, Cameroon
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Simeon Pierre Choukem
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.
- Health and Human Development (2HD) Research Network, Douala, Cameroon.
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
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