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Kabil MF, Nasr M. Deferasirox: A comprehensive drug profile. PROFILES OF DRUG SUBSTANCES, EXCIPIENTS, AND RELATED METHODOLOGY 2024; 49:1-18. [PMID: 38423705 DOI: 10.1016/bs.podrm.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Deferasirox is an iron-chelating drug developed by Novartis company for treatment of diseases accompanied by chronic iron overload; such as β-thalassemia or sickle cell diseases. Owing to its advantages such as high affinity, specificity and wide therapeutic window, it is considered as first line treatment. The current chapter describes the physicochemical characteristics, mode of action, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic applications and synthetic methods for deferasirox. Moreover, it includes Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) analysis for its functional groups. In addition, the selected analytical methods are summarized to aid the analysts in their routine analysis of deferasirox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Fawzi Kabil
- Nanoscience Program, University of Science and Technology (UST), Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Maha Nasr
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Xu X, Lin H, Lin B, Huang L, Wu P, Wu Y, Huang L. An "ON-OFF" fluorescent sensor based on a novel zinc-based flower-like structured metal-organic framework for sequential detection of deferasirox and tigecycline. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1277:341681. [PMID: 37604616 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Deferasirox (DEF) is essential for patients with thalassemia requiring long-term transfusion therapy. Tigecycline (TIGE) is a first-line drug for the clinical treatment of complex, severe bacterial infections. The two drugs can be coordinated to treat Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. Easy and efficient techniques for monitoring these two drugs in biological samples are few. Metal-organic framework (Zn-MOF) prepared from zinc nitrate hexahydrate and dithioglycolic acid has a flower structure. Interestingly, Zn-MOF can cause DEF to aggregate on it and induce DEF luminescence. The principle may be that Zn-MOF limits the vibration and rotation of DEF to avoid its nonradiative jump, which triggers aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and exhibits intense fluorescence. Further investigation revealed that TIGE could decompose Zn-MOF, thus alleviating the inhibitory effect of Zn-MOF on DEF and reducing the fluorescence intensity of DEF@Zn-MOF. A DEF/TIGE detection biosensor was created based on the fluorescence "turn-on" effect of Zn-MOF on DEF and the fluorescence "turn-off" effect of TIGE on DEF@Zn-MOF. The proposed technique was subsequently used to identify DEF/TIGE levels in pharmaceuticals and human plasma. The mean values for the percentage of the labeled amount of DEF/TIGE in DEF dispersible tablets/TIGE injection were 104.5 and 104.9%, respectively. The detection limits for the fluorescence detection of DEF and TIGE were 3.6 and 1.2 nM, respectively. This fluorescence assay is the first application of MOF to the simultaneous detection of DEF and TIGE and has the advantages of rapid sensitivity and high selectivity, providing a new strategy for drug detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Xuefu North Road University Town, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Emergency Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Bixia Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Lingyi Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Xuefu North Road University Town, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Pingping Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Xuefu North Road University Town, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Youjia Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Xuefu North Road University Town, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China.
| | - Liying Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Xuefu North Road University Town, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China.
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Fares MY, Hegazy MA, El-Sayed GM, Abdelrahman MM, Abdelwahab NS. Quality by design approach for green HPLC method development for simultaneous analysis of two thalassemia drugs in biological fluid with pharmacokinetic study. RSC Adv 2022; 12:13896-13916. [PMID: 35548387 PMCID: PMC9084420 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00966h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This work implements a combined experimental approach of analytical quality-by-design (AQbD) and green analytical chemistry (GAC) to develop an HPLC method for simultaneous determination of the two thalassemia drugs, deferasirox (DFX) and deferiprone (DFP), in biological fluid for the first time. This integration was designed to maximize efficiency and minimize environmental impacts, as well as energy and solvent consumption. To accomplish this goal, an analytical quality-by-design approach was performed, beginning with quality risk assessment and scouting analysis, followed by Placket-Burman design screening for five chromatographic parameters. Critical method parameters were thoroughly recognized and then optimized by using a two levels-three factors custom experimental design to evaluate the optimum conditions that achieved the highest resolution with acceptable peak symmetry within the shortest run time. The desirability function was used to define the optimal chromatographic conditions, and the optimal separation was achieved using an XBridge® HPLC RP-C18 (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 μm) column with ethanol : acidic water at pH 3.0 adjusted by phosphoric acid in the ratio of (70 : 30, v/v) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 mL min-1 with UV detection at 225 nm at a temperature of 25 °C. Linearity was obtained over the concentration range of 0.30-20.00 μg mL-1 and 0.20-20.00 μg mL-1 for DFX and DFP, respectively, using 20.00 μg mL-1 ibuprofen (IBF) as an internal standard. The established method's greenness profile was evaluated and measured using various assessment tools, and the developed method was green. For the validation of the developed method, FDA recommendations were followed, and all the results obtained met the acceptance criteria. The suggested method was successfully used to study the pharmacokinetic parameters of DFX and DFP in rat plasma. Due to the substantial increase in bioavailability of the two iron chelating drugs, the results from this study strongly recommend their co-administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Y Fares
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University Sharq El-Nile 62511 Beni-Suef Egypt
| | - Maha A Hegazy
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University Kasr El-Aini Street Cairo 11562 Egypt +20-100-548-6038
| | - Ghada M El-Sayed
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University Kasr El-Aini Street Cairo 11562 Egypt +20-100-548-6038
| | - Maha M Abdelrahman
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University Alshaheed Shehata Ahmad Hegazy St 62514 Beni-Suef Egypt
| | - Nada S Abdelwahab
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University Alshaheed Shehata Ahmad Hegazy St 62514 Beni-Suef Egypt
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Han W, Miao C, Zhang X, Lin Y, Hao X, Huang Z, Weng S, Lin X, Guo X, Huang J. A signal-off fluorescent strategy for deferasirox effective detection using carbon dots as probe and Cu 2+ as medium. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1179:338853. [PMID: 34535261 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The content of deferasirox (DEF) in plasma is significant in β-thalassemia patient that needs long-term transfusion therapy, while the effective and simple strategy for DEF monitoring is still limited. The carbon dots (CDs) prepared from citric acid monohydrate and glutathione exhibit weakly modulated fluorescence intensity to several common metal ions containing Cu2+. Interestingly, the process of interaction of Cu2+ and DEF forms the chelation of Cu2+ and DEF (Cu-DEF) with the absorbance wavelength of DEF at 320 nm shifting to 332 nm for Cu-DEF. And the obtained Cu-DEF will effectively quench CDs through inner filter effect (IFE). Accordingly, a facile signal-off fluorescent method based on CDs as probe is developed for DEF detection using Cu2+ as medium. And the proposed method exhibits linear range of 0.5-20 μg/mL with the detection limit of 0.33 μg/mL for DEF under the optimized conditions. Moreover, the developed assay is further expanded to test the content of DEF in dispersible tablet and plasma with accuracy and reproducibility. Such cost-effective and sensitive fluorescent assay just through simple mixing operation present a valuable strategy for drug monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendi Han
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350005, PR China
| | - Chenfang Miao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Xintian Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Yinning Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Xiaoli Hao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Zhengjun Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China; Nano Medical Technology Research Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Shaohuang Weng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
| | - Xinhua Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China; Nano Medical Technology Research Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Xianzhong Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350005, PR China
| | - Jianyong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
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Miao CF, Guo XZ, Zhang XT, Lin YN, Han WD, Huang ZJ, Weng SH. Ratiometric fluorescence assay based on carbon dots and Cu 2+-catalyzed oxidation of O-phenylenediamine for the effective detection of deferasirox. RSC Adv 2021; 11:34525-34532. [PMID: 35494749 PMCID: PMC9042915 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07078a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The monitoring of deferasirox (DEF) has important clinical roles in patients who need iron excretion. However, analytical methods with practicability and simplicity are limited. Moreover, ratiometric fluorescence strategies based on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) from carbon dots (CDs) as a donor are rarely reported as a drug monitor. In this work, CDs with an appropriate emitting wavelength at 480 nm and excitation around 370 nm were prepared by hydrothermal approach and HCl post-treatment. O-Phenylenediamine (OPD) can be oxidized by Cu2+ to produce yellow fluorescent 2,3-diaminophenazine (oxOPD) in the system of Cu2+ and OPD (Cu–OPD). Correspondingly, a remarkable FRET from CDs to oxOPD in the system of CDs, Cu2+ and OPD (CDs–Cu–OPD) was fabricated with the quenching illustration of CDs, but emitting property of oxOPD. Attributed to the chelation ability of DEF on Cu2+, the inhibitory effects of DEF on the Cu2+-triggered oxidative capability reduced the FRET system by the decreased oxOPD. Thus, the recovered CDs at F480 and decreased oxOPD at F560 were found through a ratiometric mode by the addition of DEF in CDs–Cu–OPD for the DEF assay. The FRET behavior of CDs and oxOPD in CDs–Cu–OPD was proved clearly through the calculation of the association constant, binding constant, number of binding sites, and the distance between the donor and acceptor. Furthermore, this ratiometric method exhibited promising analytical performance for DEF with the application in real samples. The implementation of this work expands the application field of CDs and OPD oxidation in drug monitoring, and even other biological analyses through ratiometric strategy. CDs with appropriate emission property interacted with Cu2+-catalyzed oxidation of OPD to form a ratiometric fluorescence strategy for deferasirox (DEF) detection.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Fang Miao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Xian-Zhong Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Tian Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Yin-Ning Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Wen-Di Han
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Jun Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Shao-Huang Weng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
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Effect of Genetic Polymorphisms on the Pharmacokinetics of Deferasirox in Healthy Chinese Subjects and an Artificial Neural Networks Model for Pharmacokinetic Prediction. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2020; 45:761-770. [PMID: 32930952 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-020-00647-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Deferasirox is an oral iron chelator used to reduce iron levels in iron-overloaded patients with transfusion-dependent anemia or non-transfusion-dependent thalassemia. This study investigated the effects of genetic polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics of deferasirox in healthy Chinese subjects and constructed a pharmacokinetic prediction model based on physiologic factors and genetic polymorphism data. METHODS Twenty-eight subjects were enrolled in a randomized, open-label, two-period crossover study, and they received a single dose of one of two formulations of deferasirox (20 mg/kg) with a 7-day washout interval between the two periods. The plasma defersirox concentration was determined using a validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using the noncompartmental method. The polymorphisms of uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1), UGT1A3, multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2), cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1), and breast cancer resistance protein 1 (BCRP1) were genotyped using Sanger sequencing. A back-propagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN) model was used to predict the pharmacokinetics. RESULTS The UGT1A1 rs887829 C > T single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) significantly influenced the area under the plasma concentration-time curve and the terminal half-life. Neither the MRP2 rs2273697 G > A SNP nor BCRP1 rs2231142 G > T SNP altered the absorption, disposition, and excretion of the drug. The BP-ANN model had a high goodness-of-fit index and good coherence between the predicted and measured concentrations (R2 = 0.921). CONCLUSION Metabolic enzyme-related genetic polymorphisms were more strongly associated with the pharmacokinetics of deferasirox than membrane transporter-related genetic polymorphisms in the Chinese population. TRIAL REGISTRATION www.Chinadrugtrials.org.cn CTR20191164.
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Golpayegani MR, Akramipour R, Fattahi N. Sensitive determination of deferasirox in blood of patients with thalassemia using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic drop followed by HPLC-UV. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 193:113735. [PMID: 33202348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Deferasirox is an oral iron chelator that has been on the market since 2005 and has been a suitable replacement for injectable chelators. It is important to check the amount of this drug in the blood of patients due to side effects. In this study, a new dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating drganic drop (DLLME - SFO) was applied to the extraction of deferasirox in the blood of patients with thalassemia prior to its analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection (HPLC - UV). In this method, two long alcohols of the normal chain are mixed in a particular ratio, and then it is injected into the sample solution, which is on the magnetic stirrer. In this case, the mixture of the two alcohol changes to new double-solvent aggregate. This new double-solvent system is used as an extractant, which has a higher extraction power than any of its components alone. Under the optimum conditions, the calibration graph was linear in the rage of 0.2-200 μg L-1 with detection limit of 0.06 μg L-1. Repeatability (intra-day) and reproducibility (inter-day) of method based on seven replicate measurements of 100.0 μg L-1of deferasirox were 3.8 % and 5.7 %, respectively. The results showed that DLLME - SFO is a very simple, inexpensive, environmental friendly, sensitive and efficient analytical method for the determination of trace amount of drugs in biological samples and suitable results were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Golpayegani
- School of Medical, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Clinical Research Development Center, Mohammad Kermanshahi Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Reza Akramipour
- School of Medical, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Clinical Research Development Center, Mohammad Kermanshahi Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nazir Fattahi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Inestitue, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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ABCC2 c.-24 C>T single-nucleotide polymorphism was associated with the pharmacokinetic variability of deferasirox in Chinese subjects. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2019; 76:51-59. [DOI: 10.1007/s00228-019-02775-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Malik A, Firke SD, Patil RR, Shirkhedkar AA, Surana SJ. Determination of Iron Chelating Agents by Analytical Methods: A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2019; 50:254-264. [PMID: 31140834 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2019.1620095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Acute iron poisoning and chronic iron overload consequences in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Treatment of acute iron poisoning and chronic iron overload can be challenging and care providers are often tackled with management dilemmas. Iron chelating agents are commonly prescribed for patients with iron deficiency anemia. In this review article, different analytical techniques are reported used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of iron chelating agents like, deferiprone, deferoxamine, and deferasirox. Efforts are taken to collect all related articles published till October 2018. This review discusses all analytical methods, its advantages and disadvantages as well as its applications. This article will help you to know about basic analytical techniques as well as advanced hyphenated techniques practiced for determination of iron chelating agents in different matrices. The techniques discussed in this review follow the ICH guidelines for method validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamir Malik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, India
| | - Sandip D Firke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, India
| | - Ravindra R Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, India
| | - Atul A Shirkhedkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, India
| | - Sanjay J Surana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, India
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Reimerová P, Jirkovská A, Piskáčková HB, Karabanovich G, Roh J, Šimůnek T, Štěrbová-Kovaříková P. UHPLC-MS/MS method for analysis of sobuzoxane, its active form ICRF-154 and metabolite EDTA-diamide and its application to bioactivation study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4524. [PMID: 30872754 PMCID: PMC6418109 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40928-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Sobuzoxane (MST-16) is an approved anticancer agent, a pro-drug of bisdioxopiperazine analog ICRF-154. Due to the structural similarity of ICRF-154 to dexrazoxane (ICRF-187), MST-16 deserves attention as a cardioprotective drug. This study presents for the first time UHPLC-MS/MS assay of MST-16, ICRF-154 and its metabolite (EDTA-diamide) in cell culture medium, buffer, plasma and cardiac cells and provides data on MST-16 bioactivation under conditions relevant to investigation of cardioprotection of this drug. The analysis of these compounds that differ considerably in their lipophilicity was achieved on the Zorbax SB-Aq column using a mixture of aqueous ammonium formate and methanol as a mobile phase. The biological samples were either diluted or precipitated with methanol, which was followed by acidification for the assay of MST-16. The method was validated for determination of all compounds in the biological materials. The application of the method for analysis of samples from in vitro experiments provided important findings, namely, that (1) MST-16 is quickly decomposed in biological environments, (2) the cardiac cells actively metabolize MST-16, and (3) MST-16 readily penetrates into the cardiac cells and is converted into ICRF-154 and EDTA-diamide. These data are useful for the in-depth examination of the cardioprotective potential of this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Reimerová
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Jirkovská
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Bavlovič Piskáčková
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Galina Karabanovich
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Roh
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Šimůnek
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Štěrbová-Kovaříková
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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