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The Pharmacokinetics in Mice and Cell Uptake of Thymus Immunosuppressive Pentapeptide Using LC-MS/MS Analysis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134256. [PMID: 35807500 PMCID: PMC9268305 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymus immunosuppressive pentapeptide (TIPP) is a novel anti-inflammatory peptide with high efficacy and low toxicity. This study aims to establish a selective LC-MS/MS method for analyzing the analyte TIPP in biological samples, laying the foundation for further PK and PD studies of TIPP. Protein precipitation was conducted in acetonitrile supplemented with 2% formic acid and 25 mg/mL dithiothreitol as a stabilizer, which was followed by backwashing the organic phase using dichloromethane. The chromatographic separation of TIPP was achieved on a C18 column with a gradient elution method. During positive electrospray ionization, TIPP was analyzed via multiple-reaction monitoring. The linear relationships between the concentration of TIPP and peak area in murine plasma cell lysates, supernatants, and the final cell rinse PBS were established within the ranges of 20−5000 ng/mL, 1−200 ng/mL, 10−200 μg/mL, and 0.1−20 ng/mL, respectively (r2 > 0.99). Validated according to U.S. FDA guidelines, the proposed method was proved to be acceptable. Such a method had been successfully applied to investigate the pharmacokinetics of TIPP in mice via subcutaneous injection. The plasma half-life in mice was 5.987 ± 1.824 min, suggesting that TIPP is swiftly eliminated in vivo. The amount of TIPP uptake by RBL-2H3 cells was determined using this method, which was also visually verified by confocal. Furthermore, the effective intracellular concentration of TIPP was deduced by comparing the intracellular concentration of TIPP and degrees of inflammation, enlightening further investigation on the intracellular target and mechanism of TIPP.
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Fang Z, Wu D, Deng J, Yang Q, Zhang X, Chen J, Wang S, Hu S, Hou W, Ning S, Ding Y, Fan Z, Jiang Z, Kang J, Liu Y, Miao J, Ji X, Dong H, Xiong L. An MD2-perturbing peptide has therapeutic effects in rodent and rhesus monkey models of stroke. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/597/eabb6716. [PMID: 34108252 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abb6716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Studies have failed to translate more than 1000 experimental treatments from bench to bedside, leaving stroke as the second leading cause of death in the world. Thrombolysis within 4.5 hours is the recommended therapy for stroke and cannot be performed until neuroimaging is used to distinguish ischemic stroke from hemorrhagic stroke. Therefore, finding a common and critical therapeutic target for both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke is appealing. Here, we report that the expression of myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD2), which is traditionally regarded to be expressed only in microglia in the normal brain, was markedly increased in cortical neurons after stroke. We synthesized a small peptide, Trans-trans-activating (Tat)-cold-inducible RNA binding protein (Tat-CIRP), which perturbed the function of MD2 and strongly protected neurons against excitotoxic injury in vitro. In addition, systemic administration of Tat-CIRP or genetic deletion of MD2 induced robust neuroprotection against ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in mice. Tat-CIRP reduced the brain infarct volume and preserved neurological function in rhesus monkeys 30 days after ischemic stroke. Tat-CIRP efficiently crossed the blood-brain barrier and showed a wide therapeutic index for stroke because no toxicity was detected when high doses were administered to the mice. Furthermore, we demonstrated that MD2 elicited neuronal apoptosis and necroptosis via a TLR4-independent, Sam68-related cascade. In summary, Tat-CIRP provides robust neuroprotection against stroke in rodents and gyrencephalic nonhuman primates. Further efforts should be made to translate these findings to treat both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongping Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine and Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of neurology and China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 10053, China
| | - Jiao Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine and Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Qianzi Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine and Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Xijing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine and Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of neurology and China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 10053, China
| | - Shiquan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine and Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Sijun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Wugang Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine and Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Siming Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Zhongmin Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine and Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Zhenhua Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine and Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Junjun Kang
- Department of Neurobiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Jinlin Miao
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Xunming Ji
- Department of neurology and China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 10053, China.
| | - Hailong Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine and Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
| | - Lize Xiong
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence and Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200434, China. .,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine and Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
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Yang Y, Mao H, Chen L, Li L. Targeting signal pathways triggered by cyclic peptides in cancer: Current trends and future challenges. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 701:108776. [PMID: 33515532 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a global health issue that origins thousands of deaths annually worldwide. Cyclic peptides are polypeptide chains which are formed by cyclic sequence of amide bonds between proteinogenic or non-proteinogenic amino acids. Numerous evidences indicate that cyclic peptides are implicated with the occurrence and development of cancer. This review presents the current knowledge about the role of cyclic peptides in cancer, such as liver cancer, colorectal cancer, ovarian cancer, breast cancer as well as prostate cancer. Specifically, the precise molecular mechanisms between cyclic peptides and cancer are elaborated. Some cyclic peptides from nature and synthesis prevent the occurrence and development of cancer. However, some other cyclic peptides including endothelin-1, urotensinⅡand melanin-concentrating hormone deteriorate the pathogenesis of cancer. Given the pleiotropic actions of cyclic peptides, the identification and development of cyclic peptides and their derivates as drug may be a potent therapeutic strategy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyuan Yang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Hui Mao
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
| | - Lanfang Li
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
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Chan WS, Wong GF, Hung CW, Wong YN, Fung KM, Lee WK, Dao KL, Leung CW, Lo KM, Lee WM, Cheung BKK. Interpol review of toxicology 2016-2019. Forensic Sci Int Synerg 2020; 2:563-607. [PMID: 33385147 PMCID: PMC7770452 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2020.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review paper covers the forensic-relevant literature in toxicology from 2016 to 2019 as a part of the 19th Interpol International Forensic Science Managers Symposium. The review papers are also available at the Interpol website at: https://www.interpol.int/content/download/14458/file/Interpol%20Review%20.Papers%202019.pdf.
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