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Kunimura K, Nakamoto M, Ushijima M. S-1-Propenylcysteine Enhances Endurance Capacity of Mice by Stimulating Fatty Acid Metabolism via Muscle Isoform of Carnitine Acyltransferase-1. J Nutr 2024:S0022-3166(24)00408-5. [PMID: 39053609 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endurance is an important capacity to sustain healthy lifestyles. Aged garlic extract (AGE) has been reported to exert an endurance-enhancing effect in clinical and animal studies, although little is known about its active ingredients and mechanism of action. OBJECTIVES This study investigated the potential effect of S-1-propenylcysteine (S1PC), a characteristic sulfur amino acid in AGE, on the swimming endurance of mice, and examined its mechanism of action by a metabolomics-based approach. METHODS Male ICR mice (6 wk old) were orally administered either water (control) or S1PC (6.5 mg/kg/d) for 2 wk. The swimming duration to exhaustion was measured at 24 h after the final administration. Nontargeted metabolomic analysis was conducted on the plasma samples obtained from mice after 40-min submaximal swimming bouts. Subsequently, the enzyme activity of carnitine acyltransferase-1 (CPT-1) and the content of malonyl-coenzyme A (CoA), acetyl-CoA, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were quantified in heart, skeletal muscles, and liver of mice. RESULTS The duration time of swimming was substantially increased in the S1PC-treated mice as compared with the control group. Metabolomic analysis revealed significant alterations in the plasma concentration of the metabolites involved in fatty acid metabolism, in particular medium- or long-chain acylcarnitines in the mice treated with S1PC. Moreover, the administration of S1PC significantly enhanced the CPT-1 activity with the concomitant decrease in the malonyl-CoA content in the heart and skeletal muscles. These effects of S1PC were accompanied by the elevation of the acetyl-CoA and ATP levels to enhance the energy production in those tissues. CONCLUSIONS S1PC is a key constituent responsible for the endurance-enhancing effect of AGE. This study suggests that S1PC helps provide energy during endurance exercise by increasing fatty acid metabolism via CPT-1 activation in the heart and skeletal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Kunimura
- Central Research Institute, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Masato Nakamoto
- Central Research Institute, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mitsuyasu Ushijima
- Central Research Institute, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan
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Hill CR, Shafaei A, Balmer L, Lewis JR, Hodgson JM, Millar AH, Blekkenhorst LC. Sulfur compounds: From plants to humans and their role in chronic disease prevention. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:8616-8638. [PMID: 35380479 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2057915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur is essential for the health of plants and is an indispensable dietary component for human health and disease prevention. Its incorporation into our food supply is heavily reliant upon the uptake of sulfur into plant tissue and our subsequent intake. Dietary requirements for sulfur are largely calculated based upon requirements for the sulfur-containing amino acids (SAA), cysteine and methionine, to meet the demands for synthesis of proteins, enzymes, co-enzymes, vitamins, and hormones. SAA are found in abundance in animal sources and are relatively low in plants. However, some plants, particularly cruciferous and allium vegetables, produce many protective sulfur-containing secondary metabolites, such as glucosinolates and cysteine sulfoxides. The variety and quantity of these sulfur-containing metabolites are extensive and their effects on human health are wide-reaching. Many benefits appear to be related to sulfur's role in redox biochemistry, protecting against uncontrolled oxidative stress and inflammation; features consistent within cardiometabolic dysfunction and many chronic metabolic diseases of aging. This narrative explores the origins and importance of sulfur, its incorporation into our food supply and dietary sources. It also explores the overarching potential of sulfur for human health, particularly around the amelioration of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, and subsequent chronic disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline R Hill
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Science, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
- Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Perth, Australia
| | - Armaghan Shafaei
- Centre for Integrative Metabolomics and Computational Biology, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Lois Balmer
- Centre for Precision Health, School of Medical and Health Science, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
- Centre for Diabetes Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Joshua R Lewis
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Science, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
- Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Perth, Australia
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Hodgson
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Science, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
- Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Perth, Australia
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - A Harvey Millar
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Lauren C Blekkenhorst
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Science, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
- Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Perth, Australia
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
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Qi Z, Wang Q, Wang H, Tan M. Metallothionein Attenuated Arsenic-Induced Cytotoxicity: The Underlying Mechanism Reflected by Metabolomics and Lipidomics. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:5372-5380. [PMID: 33939412 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic ions (As3+) have been recognized as a hazard that threatens the health of humans. Metallothionein (MT) rich in cysteine may provide favorable binding sites for chelation of As3+. However, the influence of MT on As3+-induced toxicity and the underlying mechanism are poorly understood, especially at the metabolic level. Herein, the effects of MT on As3+-induced toxicity were evaluated. Cell viability analysis suggested that MT alleviated As3+-induced cytotoxicity. The metabolic response of PC12 cells to As3+ investigated by lipidomics and metabolomics indicated that the presence of As3+ disrupted phospholipids metabolism and induced cell membrane damage. Moreover, energy and amino acid metabolism were perturbed by As3+. The perturbation of As3+ on metabolism was further illustrated by the decrease of the mitochondrial membrane potential and the rise of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). On the contrary, MT rescued As3+-induced metabolic disorder and suppressed ROS accumulation. In addition, the binding process between As3+ and MT was characterized. The results proved that the As3+-MT complex was formed and chelated As3+-scavenged ROS, thus alleviating the toxic effects of As3+. These results revealed that MT would be a potential agent to reduce As3+-induced cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihe Qi
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Sciecne, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Qinggongyuan 1, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, 116034 Liaoning, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034 Liaoning, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034 Liaoning, China
| | - Qinghong Wang
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Sciecne, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Qinggongyuan 1, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, 116034 Liaoning, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034 Liaoning, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034 Liaoning, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Sciecne, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Qinggongyuan 1, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, 116034 Liaoning, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034 Liaoning, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034 Liaoning, China
| | - Mingqian Tan
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Sciecne, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Qinggongyuan 1, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, 116034 Liaoning, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034 Liaoning, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034 Liaoning, China
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Ushijima M, Kunimura K, Suzuki JI. S -1-Propenylcysteine, a sulfur compound in aged garlic extract, alleviates cold-induced reduction in peripheral blood flow in rat via activation of the AMPK/eNOS/NO pathway. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:2815-2821. [PMID: 32765777 PMCID: PMC7401927 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aged garlic extract (AGE) has been shown to improve peripheral circulatory disturbances in both clinical trials and experimental animal models. To investigate the effect of S-1-propenylcysteine (S1PC), a characteristic sulfur compound in AGE, on cold-induced reduction in tail blood flow of rat, Wistar rats were individually placed in a restraint cage and given the treatment with cold water (15˚C) after the oral administration of AGE or its constituents S1PC, S-allylcysteine (SAC) and S-allylmercaptocysteine (SAMC). After the cold-treatment the tail blood flow of rats was measured at the indicated times. The pretreatment with AGE (2 g/kg BW) and S1PC (6.5 mg/kg BW) significantly alleviated the reduction of rat tail blood flow induced by cold treatment. The effect of S1PC was dose-dependent and maximal at the dose of 6.5 mg/kg BW, whereas SAC and SAMC were ineffective. To gain insight into the mechanism of S1PC action, the concentration of nitrogen oxide metabolites (NOx) in the plasma and the levels of phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the aorta were measured. The pretreatment with S1PC significantly increased the plasma concentration of NOx as well as the level of phosphorylated form of AMPK and eNOS in the aorta after cold-treatment. The present findings suggest that S1PC is a major constituent responsible for the effect of AGE to alleviate the cold-induced reduction of peripheral blood flow in rat by acting on the AMPK/eNOS/NO pathway in the aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuyasu Ushijima
- Central Research Institute, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hiroshima 739-1195, Japan
| | - Kayo Kunimura
- Central Research Institute, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hiroshima 739-1195, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichiro Suzuki
- Central Research Institute, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hiroshima 739-1195, Japan
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Matsutomo T. Potential benefits of garlic and other dietary supplements for the management of hypertension. Exp Ther Med 2020; 19:1479-1484. [PMID: 32010326 PMCID: PMC6966105 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated blood pressure is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Although some effective drug treatments are available, a relatively large proportion of patients have uncontrolled blood pressure. Dietary supplements are used for the prevention and treatment of hypertension as complementary and alternative medicines. Of the various dietary supplements, antioxidants, fish oil and diverse herbal products are commonly used. Within this context, it is important to determine the actual effectiveness and possible side-effects of these supplements; however, some of the products have been poorly investigated for their effects and safety. In the current review, we focus on garlic and several other dietary supplements, such as coenzyme Q10, fish oil and probiotics, that have exhibited significant beneficial effects on blood pressure in clinical trials. In addition, we discuss the possible mechanisms of action responsible for their anti-hypertensive effects, as well as the safety, active ingredients and their potential use as adjunct therapies for uncontrolled hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Matsutomo
- Central Research Institute, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Akitakata-shi, Hiroshima 739-1195, Japan
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Suzuki JI, Miki S, Ushijima M, Kodera Y. Regulation of immune response by S-1-propenylcysteine through autophagy-mediated protein degradation. Exp Ther Med 2019; 19:1570-1573. [PMID: 32010341 PMCID: PMC6966193 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a key event in cellular recycling processes due to its involvement in the intracellular degradation of proteins. It has been demonstrated that S−1-propenylcysteine (S1PC), a characteristic sulfur compound in aged garlic extract, induces the activation of autophagy. S1PC degrades the adaptor protein myeloid differentiation response protein 88 (MyD88) of downstream of Toll-like receptor (TLR) by activating autophagy in vitro and in vivo. The degradation of MyD88 inhibits the TLR signaling pathway, including the phosphorylation of interleukin 1 receptor associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 in vitro, and eventually leads to the inhibition of interleukin (IL)-6 production in vitro and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (Ccl2) mRNA expression in vivo. S1PC also increases the level of intestinal immunoglobulin A (IgA) and the number of IgA-producing cells in Peyer's patches in vivo. In addition, S1PC triggers the mRNA expression of X-box binding protein 1 (Xbp1), an inducer of IgA-producing cell differentiation via the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and the degradation of paired box protein 5 (Pax5), a suppressor of Xbp1 mRNA expression. The present review summarizes the mechanisms through which the activation of autophagy by S1PC modulates the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ichiro Suzuki
- Central Research Institute, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hiroshima 739-1195, Japan
| | - Satomi Miki
- Central Research Institute, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hiroshima 739-1195, Japan
| | - Mitsuyasu Ushijima
- Central Research Institute, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hiroshima 739-1195, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Kodera
- Central Research Institute, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hiroshima 739-1195, Japan
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Yang Q, Zhang AH, Miao JH, Sun H, Han Y, Yan GL, Wu FF, Wang XJ. Metabolomics biotechnology, applications, and future trends: a systematic review. RSC Adv 2019; 9:37245-37257. [PMID: 35542267 PMCID: PMC9075731 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06697g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the highly increased incidence of human diseases, a better understanding of the related mechanisms regarding endogenous metabolism is urgently needed. Mass spectrometry-based metabolomics has been used in a variety of disease research areas. However, the deep research of metabolites remains a difficult and lengthy process. Fortunately, mass spectrometry is considered to be a universal tool with high specificity and sensitivity and is widely used around the world. Mass spectrometry technology has been applied to various basic disciplines, providing technical support for the discovery and identification of endogenous substances in living organisms. The combination of metabolomics and mass spectrometry is of great significance for the discovery and identification of metabolite biomarkers. The mass spectrometry tool could further improve and develop the exploratory research of the life sciences. This mini review discusses metabolomics biotechnology with a focus on recent applications of metabolomics as a powerful tool to elucidate metabolic disturbances and the related mechanisms of diseases. Given the highly increased incidence of human diseases, a better understanding of the related mechanisms regarding endogenous metabolism is urgently needed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- National Engineering Laboratory for the Development of Southwestern Endangered Medicinal Materials
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plant
- National Chinmedomics Research Center
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
| | - Ai-hua Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- National Engineering Laboratory for the Development of Southwestern Endangered Medicinal Materials
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plant
- National Chinmedomics Research Center
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
| | - Jian-hua Miao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- National Engineering Laboratory for the Development of Southwestern Endangered Medicinal Materials
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plant
- National Chinmedomics Research Center
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- National Engineering Laboratory for the Development of Southwestern Endangered Medicinal Materials
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plant
- National Chinmedomics Research Center
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- National Engineering Laboratory for the Development of Southwestern Endangered Medicinal Materials
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plant
- National Chinmedomics Research Center
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
| | - Guang-li Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- National Engineering Laboratory for the Development of Southwestern Endangered Medicinal Materials
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plant
- National Chinmedomics Research Center
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
| | - Fang-fang Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- National Engineering Laboratory for the Development of Southwestern Endangered Medicinal Materials
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plant
- National Chinmedomics Research Center
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
| | - Xi-jun Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- National Engineering Laboratory for the Development of Southwestern Endangered Medicinal Materials
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plant
- National Chinmedomics Research Center
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
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