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Han H, Ma R, Xie A, Gao J, Wang Z, Zhao Y, Pang H, Zhang W. Development of an LC/MS/MS Method for Simultaneous Detection of 11 Polyphenols in Rat Plasma and Its Pharmacokinetic Application after Oral Administration of Coreopsis tinctoria Extract. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200574. [PMID: 36382445 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Eleven polyphenols, classified as flavonoid glycosides, flavonoid aglycones, and phenolic acids, are important bioactive components in the capitula of Coreopsis tinctoria (CCT). Nevertheless, their full pharmacokinetic profiles have not been demonstrated simultaneously. Therefore, a liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method was developed in the present work and used it to study the pharmacokinetics of these 11 compounds. We performed LC/MS/MS with a gradient mobile phase composed of water containing 0.1 % formic acid and acetonitrile containing 0.1 % formic acid on a Proshell 120 SB C18 column (2.1 mm×100 mm, 2.7 μm). We achieved a good chromatographic peak shape, resolution, and mass signal response, and multiple reaction monitoring facilitated the simultaneous detection of 11 analytes. In addition, we validated the selectivity, correlation coefficient, precision, extraction recovery, matrix effects, and stability of the LC/MS/MS method to be acceptable for 11 analytes in rat plasma. Subsequently, rats were orally administered with 50 % ethanol eluent of CCT (ECCT). Nine of 11 polyphenols were absorbed quickly (except for QCD and TCA), and their plasma levels peaked within 40 min. The exposure and Cmax values of flavonoid glycosides and phenolic acids were lower than those of flavonoid aglycones. This is the first report to demonstrate the pharmacokinetics of 11 polyphenols in ECCT, which may play an important role in future studies of the bioactive components of ECCT and their bioactive mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Han
- College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Xinjiang, 830052, China
| | - Rui Ma
- College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Xinjiang, 830052, China
| | - Aidi Xie
- College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Xinjiang, 830052, China
| | - Juanjuan Gao
- College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Xinjiang, 830052, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Xinjiang, 830052, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Xinjiang, 830052, China
| | - Huanming Pang
- College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Xinjiang, 830052, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
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Zhang Y, Lv G, Song T, Chen C, Zhang Z, Cai W. Recovery of the phenolic compounds from artificial cultivated
Sanghuangporus vaninii
using a green method and biological properties of phenolic extract
in vitro. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Zhang
- College of Life Sciences China Jiliang University Hangzhou 310018 Zhejiang China
- Institute of Horticulture Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou Zhejiang 310021 China
| | - Guoying Lv
- Institute of Horticulture Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou Zhejiang 310021 China
| | - Tingting Song
- Institute of Horticulture Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou Zhejiang 310021 China
| | - Chun Chen
- College of Life Sciences China Jiliang University Hangzhou 310018 Zhejiang China
| | - Zuofa Zhang
- Institute of Horticulture Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou Zhejiang 310021 China
| | - Weiming Cai
- Institute of Horticulture Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou Zhejiang 310021 China
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Wang Y, Liu X, Zhang W, He S, Zhang Y, Orgah J, Wang Y, Zhu Y. Synergy of "Yiqi" and "Huoxue" components of QishenYiqi formula in ischemic stroke protection via lysosomal/inflammatory mechanisms. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 293:115301. [PMID: 35436536 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality and long-term disability worldwide. Currently, approved therapies of intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy are limited only to selected patients with rescuable brain tissue. Chinese medicine that benefits Qi (Yiqi, YQ) and activates blood (Huoxue, HX) is widely used in the clinic for treating stroke, but their mechanisms are not well understood yet. We have previously reported that QishenYiqi (QSYQ) formula exerts cerebral protective effect and promotes post-stroke recovery. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to explore the chemical basis and molecular mechanism of anti-stroke therapy of QSYQ and its YQ and HX components further. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum pharmacochemistry was performed to identify the bioactive constituents in QSYQ for cerebral protection. The survival rate, mNSS test, open field test, gait analysis, cerebral infarction volume, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity were determined to uncover the synergistic and differential contributions of YQ and HX components in a cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CI/RI) model. Bioinformatic mining of QSYQ proteomics data and experimental validation were executed to access the functional mechanism of YQ and HX components. RESULTS Eleven prototype ingredients and six metabolites were successfully identified or tentatively characterized in rat plasma. Therapeutically, YQ and HX components of QSYQ synergistically boosted the survival rate, improved neurological and motor functions, alleviated cerebral infarction as well as protected BBB integrity in CI/RI model in rats. Individually, YQ component contributed more to ameliorating locomotive ability than that of HX component. Mechanistically, HX component played a more prominent role in the modulation of galectin-3 mediated inflammation whereas YQ component regulated lysosomal-autophagy signaling. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies major prototype ingredients and metabolites of QSYQ in plasma which may contribute to its cerebral protection. YQ and HX components of QSYQ differentially and synergistically protect the brain from CI/RI by regulating galectin-3-mediated inflammation and lysosomal-autophagy signaling. These findings demonstrate that a maximal stroke protection by a component-based Chinese medicine could be attributed to the combination of its individual components via different mechanisms. It may shed new light on our understanding of the TCM principle of tonifying Qi and activating blood, particularly in a setting of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yule Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, XiHu District, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xinyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Taiping Qiao Street No.27, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang He
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yiqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Tasly Holding Group Co, Ltd, Tianjin, China
| | - John Orgah
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, XiHu District, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China.
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Niu H, Fan L, Zhao L, Yao R, He X, Lu B, Pang Z. The therapeutic mechanism of PuRenDan for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy: Network pharmacology and experimental verification. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 293:115283. [PMID: 35427726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Purendan (PRD), as a Chinese medicinal formula, behaves remarkable therapeutic effects on diabetes and complications in clinical and experimental research. However, the underlying pharmacological mechanism in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy (DN) is still unclear. AIMS To investigate the therapeutical effects of PRD on DN and to explore its pharmacological mechanisms using network pharmacology and experimental verification. MATERIALS AND METHODS The active compounds and putative targets in PRD, and disease-related targets of DN were extracted from public databases. The key targets were identified through the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and module analysis. The GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were performed to discover potential pharmacological mechanisms. The expression of the key targets was detected in kidney tissue in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset. The affinity between key proteins and corresponding compounds was evaluated by molecular docking and validated by the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay. The indicators on major pathways and hub genes were verified by in vivo experiments. RESULTS In network pharmacology, 137 common targets in PRD for DN treatment were screened. The key targets and main signaling pathways including AGE-RAGE and lipid pathways were identified. The statistical difference in the expression of the key targets was verified in GSE96804 database, confirming the association with DN. The docking scores obtained from molecular docking illustrated good binding force between hub proteins and active compounds. And the good component-protein affinities were validated by SPR assay. Furthermore, the results of animal experiment indicated that PRD could ameliorate the level of serum glucose and renal function in rat model. It could regulate the expression of hub targets (AKT1, MAPK3, and STAT3) and improve indicators related with oxidative stress and lipid metabolism. CONCLUSION The key targets and major signaling pathways in the treatment of PRD on DN were identified. The mechanism might relate to regulation of oxidative stress and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan Niu
- Key Laboratory of Ethnic Medicine in Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy in Minzu University of China, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Fan
- Key Laboratory of Ethnic Medicine in Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy in Minzu University of China, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Linyi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Ethnic Medicine in Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy in Minzu University of China, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Rongfei Yao
- Key Laboratory of Ethnic Medicine in Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy in Minzu University of China, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Xu He
- Key Laboratory of Ethnic Medicine in Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy in Minzu University of China, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Binan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Ethnic Medicine in Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy in Minzu University of China, 100081, Beijing, China.
| | - Zongran Pang
- Key Laboratory of Ethnic Medicine in Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy in Minzu University of China, 100081, Beijing, China.
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Xu W, Niu Y, Ai X, Xia C, Geng P, Zhu H, Zhou W, Huang H, Shi X. Liver-Targeted Nanoparticles Facilitate the Bioavailability and Anti-HBV Efficacy of Baicalin In Vitro and In Vivo. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040900. [PMID: 35453650 PMCID: PMC9025464 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) efficacy of baicalin (BA) is mediated by HBV-related hepatocyte nuclear factors (HNFs). However, this efficacy is severely limited by the low bioavailability of BA. Therefore, a novel liver-targeted BA liposome was constructed to promote the bioavailability and antiviral ability of BA. The results showed that apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1)–modified liposomes (BAA1) significantly enhanced BA’s cellular uptake and specific distribution in the liver. Furthermore, the substantial inhibitory effects of BAA1 on HBsAg, HBeAg, HBV RNA, and HBV DNA were assessed in HB-infected cells and mice. Western blotting, co-immunoprecipitation, and transcriptomics analysis further revealed that the enhanced anti-HBV efficacy of BAA1 was attributed to the interaction between hepatocyte nuclear factors (HNFs) and estrogen receptors (ERs). Based on the findings, we propose that the ApoA1-modified liposomes aid BA in inhibiting HBV transcription and replication by augmenting its bioavailability and the HNFs–ERs axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Xu
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201203, China; (W.X.); (Y.N.); (X.A.); (C.X.); (P.G.); (H.Z.); (H.H.)
| | - Yijun Niu
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201203, China; (W.X.); (Y.N.); (X.A.); (C.X.); (P.G.); (H.Z.); (H.H.)
| | - Xin Ai
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201203, China; (W.X.); (Y.N.); (X.A.); (C.X.); (P.G.); (H.Z.); (H.H.)
| | - Chengjie Xia
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201203, China; (W.X.); (Y.N.); (X.A.); (C.X.); (P.G.); (H.Z.); (H.H.)
| | - Ping Geng
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201203, China; (W.X.); (Y.N.); (X.A.); (C.X.); (P.G.); (H.Z.); (H.H.)
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201203, China; (W.X.); (Y.N.); (X.A.); (C.X.); (P.G.); (H.Z.); (H.H.)
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Han Dan Road, Shanghai 200433, China;
| | - Hai Huang
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201203, China; (W.X.); (Y.N.); (X.A.); (C.X.); (P.G.); (H.Z.); (H.H.)
| | - Xunlong Shi
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201203, China; (W.X.); (Y.N.); (X.A.); (C.X.); (P.G.); (H.Z.); (H.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-21-54237431; Fax: +86-21-51980037
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Molecular Mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge in Treating Cerebral Infarction. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5992394. [PMID: 35392650 PMCID: PMC8983215 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5992394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Cerebral infarction (CI) is a common brain disease in clinical practice, which is mainly due to the pathological environment of ischemia and hypoxia caused by difficult cerebral circulation perfusion function, resulting in ischemic necrosis of local brain tissue and neurological impairment. In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory, CI is mainly due to blood stasis in the brain. Therefore, blood-activating and stasis-dissipating drugs are often used to treat CI in clinical practice. Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (SMB) is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine with good efficacy in promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, and treatment of CI with it is a feasible strategy. Based on the above analysis, we chose network pharmacology to investigate the feasibility of SMB in the treatment of CI and to study the possible molecular mechanisms by providing some reference for the treatment of CI with TCM. Methods The active ingredients and related targets of SMB were obtained through the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database, and CI-related targets were obtained from the GeneCards and DisGeNET databases. The target of SMB for the treatment of CI was obtained using Cytoscape software and visualized. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis was performed based on “clusterProfiler” within R, and the prediction results were validated by molecular docking technique. Results By constructing a compound-target (C-T) network, it was found that the active components in SMB mainly treated CI by regulating key proteins such as AKT1, IL-6, and EGFR. These key proteins mainly involve in pathways such as immune regulation, cancer and lipid metabolism, such as lipid and atherosclerosis, chemical carcinogenesis-receptor activation pathways, and IL-17 signaling pathway. In the GO term, it mainly regulates the response to steroid hormones, membrane rafts, and G protein-amine receptor coupled activity. Eventually, we verified that the luteolin and tanshinone IIA components in SMB have a good possibility of action with AKT1 and IL-6 by in silico techniques, indicating that SMB has some scientificity in the treatment of CI. Conclusion SMB mainly treats CI by regulating 94 proteins involved in lipid and atherosclerosis, chemical carcinogenesis-receptor activation, and IL-17 signaling pathway. Our research strategy provided a template for the drug development of TCM for the treatment of CI.
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Extraction Processes Affect the Composition and Bioavailability of Flavones from Lamiaceae Plants: A Comprehensive Review. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9091675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lamiaceae plants are a widespread family of herbaceous plants with around 245 plant genera and nearly 22,576 species distributed in the world. Some of the most representative and widely studied Lamiaceae plants belong to the Ocimum, Origanum, Salvia, and Thymus genera. These plants are a rich source of bioactive molecules such as terpenes, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. In this sense, there is a subgroup of flavonoids classified as flavones. Flavones have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-diabetic potential; thus, efficient extraction techniques from their original plant matrixes have been developed. Currently, conventional extraction methods involving organic solvents are no longer recommended due to their environmental consequences, and new environmentally friendly techniques have been developed. Moreover, once extracted, the bioactivity of flavones is highly linked to their bioavailability, which is often neglected. This review aims to comprehensively gather recent information (2011–2021) regarding extraction techniques and their important relationship with the bioavailability of flavones from Lamiaceae plants including Salvia, Ocimum, Thymus, and Origanum.
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Zhang Q, Xiong Y, Li B, Deng GY, Fu WW, Cao BC, Zong SH, Zeng GF. Total flavonoids of hawthorn leaves promote motor function recovery via inhibition of apoptosis after spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:350-356. [PMID: 32859797 PMCID: PMC7896213 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.286975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids have been reported to have therapeutic potential for spinal cord injury. Hawthorn leaves have abundant content and species of total flavonoids, and studies of the effects of the total flavonoids of hawthorn leaves on spinal cord injury have not been published in or outside China. Therefore, Sprague-Dawley rats were used to establish a spinal cord injury model by Allen’s method. Rats were intraperitoneally injected with 0.2 mL of different concentrations of total flavonoids of hawthorn leaves (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg) after spinal cord injury. Injections were administered once every 6 hours, three times a day, for 14 days. After treatment with various concentrations of total flavonoids of hawthorn leaves, the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scores and histological staining indicated decreases in the lesion cavity and number of apoptotic cells of the injured spinal cord tissue; the morphological arrangement of the myelin sheath and nerve cells tended to be regular; and the Nissl bodies in neurons increased. The Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scores of treated spinal cord injury rats were increased. Western blot assays showed that the expression levels of pro-apoptotic Bax and cleaved caspase-3 were decreased, but the expression level of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein was increased. The improvement of the above physiological indicators showed a dose-dependent relationship with the concentration of total flavonoids of hawthorn leaves. The above findings confirm that total flavonoids of hawthorn leaves can reduce apoptosis and exert neuroprotective effects to promote the recovery of the motor function of rats with spinal cord injury. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Guangxi Medical University of China (approval No. 201810042) in October 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Zhang
- School of Public Health Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yin Xiong
- School of Public Health Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Bo Li
- School of Public Health Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Gui-Ying Deng
- Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Wen-Wen Fu
- School of Public Health Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Bai-Chuan Cao
- Department of Spine Osteopathic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Shao-Hui Zong
- Department of Spine Osteopathic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University; Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Gao-Feng Zeng
- School of Public Health Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
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Song J, He Y, Luo C, Feng B, Ran F, Xu H, Ci Z, Xu R, Han L, Zhang D. New progress in the pharmacology of protocatechuic acid: A compound ingested in daily foods and herbs frequently and heavily. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105109. [PMID: 32738494 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Protocatechuic acid is a natural phenolic acid, which widely exists in our daily diet and herbs. It is also one of the main metabolites of complex polyphenols, such as anthocyanins and proanthocyanins. In recent years, a large number of studies on the pharmacological activities of protocatechuic acid have emerged. Protocatechuic acid has a wide range of pharmacological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, antiosteoporotic, analgesia, antiaging activties; protection from metabolic syndrome; and preservation of liver, kidneys, and reproductive functions. Pharmacokinetic studies showed that the absorption and elimination rate of protocatechuic acid are faster, with glucuronidation and sulfation being the major metabolic pathways. However, protocatechuic acid displays a dual-directional regulatory effect on some pharmacological activities. When the concentration is very high, it can inhibit cell proliferation and reduce survival rate. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of protocatechuic acid with emphasis on its pharmacological activities discovered in recent 5 years, so as to provide more up-to-date and thorough information for the preclinical and clinical research of protocatechuic acid in the future. Moreover, it is hoped that the clinical application of protocatechuic acid can be broadened, giving full play to its characteristics of rich sources, low toxicity and wide pharmacological activites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Song
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research and Utilization on Chinese Meterial Medical Resources Co-founded by Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Yanan He
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research and Utilization on Chinese Meterial Medical Resources Co-founded by Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Chuanhong Luo
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research and Utilization on Chinese Meterial Medical Resources Co-founded by Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Bi Feng
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research and Utilization on Chinese Meterial Medical Resources Co-founded by Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Fei Ran
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research and Utilization on Chinese Meterial Medical Resources Co-founded by Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Hong Xu
- Chengdu Yongkang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Zhimin Ci
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research and Utilization on Chinese Meterial Medical Resources Co-founded by Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Runchun Xu
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research and Utilization on Chinese Meterial Medical Resources Co-founded by Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Li Han
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research and Utilization on Chinese Meterial Medical Resources Co-founded by Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, Chengdu 611137, PR China.
| | - Dingkun Zhang
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research and Utilization on Chinese Meterial Medical Resources Co-founded by Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, Chengdu 611137, PR China.
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Xiao J, Zhang R, Wu Y, Wu C, Jia X, Dong L, Liu L, Chen Y, Bai Y, Zhang M. Rice Bran Phenolic Extract Protects against Alcoholic Liver Injury in Mice by Alleviating Intestinal Microbiota Dysbiosis, Barrier Dysfunction, and Liver Inflammation Mediated by the Endotoxin-TLR4-NF-κB Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:1237-1247. [PMID: 31722525 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver injury, known as the most general result of chronic alcohol intake, is induced by inflammatory responses, which is activated by intestine-derived endotoxins formed from intestinal dysbiosis. The hepatoprotective activity of rice bran phenolic extract (RBPE) on ethanol-fed mice was investigated for the first time in this study, and the underlying mechanism was explored from gut microbiota, barrier function, and hepatic inflammation. Mice were fed an alcohol-containing liquid diet alone or in mixture with RBPE for 8 weeks. RBPE treatment mitigated ethanol-induced liver damage, evidenced by the declined lipid profile levels and hepatic function markers. Moreover, ethanol intake induced intestinal microbiota dysbiosis, which was attenuated by RBPE supplementation. RBPE treatment improved the alcohol-induced decrease in the expression of ZO-1, Claudin-1, Claudin-4, and Reg3g, revealing the ameliorative effect of RBPE on intestinal barrier dysfunction. Furthermore, RBPE treatment repressed the alcohol-induced trigger of the hepatic endotoxin-TLR4-NF-κB pathway, followed by the mitigated liver inflammation. The findings indicate that RBPE supplementation ameliorates intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and barrier dysfunction, inactivates the endotoxin-TLR4-NF-κB pathway, and represses inflammatory responses in liver, and therefore, intake of RBPE or brown rice may be an effective way to mitigate alcoholic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xiao
- College of Food Science and Technology , Hainan University , Haikou 570228 , China
| | - Ruifen Zhang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute , Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processings , Guangzhou 510610 , China
| | - Yujiao Wu
- College of Food Science and Technology , Hainan University , Haikou 570228 , China
| | - Chengjunhong Wu
- College of Food Science and Technology , Hainan University , Haikou 570228 , China
| | - Xuchao Jia
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute , Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processings , Guangzhou 510610 , China
| | - Lihong Dong
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute , Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processings , Guangzhou 510610 , China
| | - Lei Liu
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute , Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processings , Guangzhou 510610 , China
| | - Yanxia Chen
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute , Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processings , Guangzhou 510610 , China
| | - Yajuan Bai
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute , Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processings , Guangzhou 510610 , China
| | - Mingwei Zhang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute , Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processings , Guangzhou 510610 , China
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