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Zhu T, Zhang X, Li R, Wu B. Efficient production of peptidylglycine α-hydroxylating monooxygenase in yeast for protein C-terminal functionalization. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130443. [PMID: 38417749 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Peptidylglycine α-hydroxylating monooxygenase (PHM) is pivotal for C-terminal amidation of bioactive peptides in animals, offering substantial potential for customized protein synthesis. However, efficient PHM production has been hindered by the complexity of animal cell culture and the absence of glycosylation in bacterial hosts. Here, we demonstrate the recombinant expression of Caenorhabditis elegans PHM in the yeast Pichia pastoris, achieving a remarkable space-time yield of 28.8 U/L/day. This breakthrough surpasses prior PHM production rates and eliminates the need for specialized cultivation equipment or complex transfection steps. Mass spectrometry revealed N-glycosylation at residue N182 of recombinant CePHM, which impacts the enzyme's activity as indicated by biochemical experiments. To showcase the utility of CePHM, we performed C-terminal amidation on ubiquitin at a substrate loading of 30 g/L, a concentration meeting the requirements for pharmaceutical peptide production. Overall, this work establishes an efficient PHM production method, promising advancements in scalable manufacturing of C-terminally modified bioactive peptides and probe proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhu
- AIM center, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xuanshuo Zhang
- AIM center, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruifeng Li
- AIM center, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Bian Wu
- AIM center, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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2
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Holland LA, Casto-Boggess LD. Gels in Microscale Electrophoresis. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2023; 16:161-179. [PMID: 37314879 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-091522-080207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Gel matrices are fundamental to electrophoresis analyses of biopolymers in microscale channels. Both capillary gel and microchannel gel electrophoresis systems have produced fundamental advances in the scientific community. These analytical techniques remain as foundational tools in bioanalytical chemistry and are indispensable in the field of biotherapeutics. This review summarizes the current state of gels in microscale channels and provides a brief description of electrophoretic transport in gels. In addition to the discussion of traditional polymers, several nontraditional gels are introduced. Advances in gel matrices highlighted include selective polymers modified to contain added functionality as well as thermally responsive gels formed through self-assembly. This review discusses cutting-edge applications to challenging areas of discovery in DNA, RNA, protein, and glycan analyses. Finally, emerging techniques that result in multifunctional assays for real-time biochemical processing in capillary and three-dimensional channels are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Holland
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA;
| | - Laura D Casto-Boggess
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA;
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3
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Bhimwal R, Rustandi RR, Payne A, Dawod M. Recent advances in capillary gel electrophoresis for the analysis of proteins. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1682:463453. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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4
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Štěpánová S, Kašička V. Applications of capillary electromigration methods for separation and analysis of proteins (2017–mid 2021) – A review. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1209:339447. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Geurink L, van Tricht E, van der Burg D, Scheppink G, Pajic B, Dudink J, Sänger-van de Griend C. Sixteen capillary electrophoresis applications for viral vaccine analysis. Electrophoresis 2021; 43:1068-1090. [PMID: 34739151 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A broad range of CE applications from our organization is reviewed to give a flavor of the use of CE within the field of vaccine analyses. Applicability of CE for viral vaccine characterization, and release and stability testing of seasonal influenza virosomal vaccines, universal subunit influenza vaccines, Sabin inactivated polio vaccines (sIPV), and adenovirus vector vaccines were demonstrated. Diverse CZE, CE-SDS, CGE, and cIEF methods were developed, validated, and applied for virus, protein, posttranslational modifications, DNA, and excipient concentration determinations, as well as for the integrity and composition verifications, and identity testing (e.g., CZE for intact virus particles, CE-SDS application for hemagglutinin quantification and influenza strain identification, chloride or bromide determination in process samples). Results were supported by other methods such as RP-HPLC, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential measurements. Overall, 16 CE methods are presented that were developed and applied, comprising six adenovirus methods, five viral protein methods, and methods for antibodies determination of glycans, host cell-DNA, excipient chloride, and process impurity bromide. These methods were applied to support in-process control, release, stability, process- and product characterization and development, and critical reagent testing. Thirteen methods were validated. Intact virus particles were analyzed at concentrations as low as 0.8 pmol/L. Overall, CE took viral vaccine testing beyond what was previously possible, improved process and product understanding, and, in total, safety, efficacy, and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Geurink
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention B.V., CN Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ewoud van Tricht
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention B.V., CN Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Gerard Scheppink
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention B.V., CN Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bojana Pajic
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention B.V., CN Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Justin Dudink
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention B.V., CN Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cari Sänger-van de Griend
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention B.V., CN Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Kantisto B.V., Baarn, The Netherlands
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6
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Balli OI, Uversky VN, Durdagi S, Coskuner-Weber O. Challenges and limitations in the studies of glycoproteins: A computational chemist's perspective. Proteins 2021; 90:322-339. [PMID: 34549826 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Experimenters face challenges and limitations while analyzing glycoproteins due to their high flexibility, stereochemistry, anisotropic effects, and hydration phenomena. Computational studies complement experiments and have been used in characterization of the structural properties of glycoproteins. However, recent investigations revealed that computational studies face significant challenges as well. Here, we introduce and discuss some of these challenges and weaknesses in the investigations of glycoproteins. We also present requirements of future developments in computational biochemistry and computational biology areas that could be necessary for providing more accurate structural property analyses of glycoproteins using computational tools. Further theoretical strategies that need to be and can be developed are discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyku Irem Balli
- Molecular Biotechnology, Turkish-German University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Serdar Durdagi
- Computational Biology and Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Scheller C, Krebs F, Wiesner R, Wätzig H, Oltmann-Norden I. A comparative study of CE-SDS, SDS-PAGE, and Simple Western-Precision, repeatability, and apparent molecular mass shifts by glycosylation. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:1521-1531. [PMID: 33956358 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
SDS gel electrophoresis is a commonly used approach for monitoring purity and apparent molecular mass (Mr) of proteins, especially in the field of quality control of biopharmaceutical proteins. The technological installation of CE-SDS as the replacement of the slab gel technique (SDS-PAGE) is still in progress, leading to a continuous improvement of CE-SDS instruments. Various CE-SDS instruments, namely Maurice (CE-SDS/CE-SDS PLUS) and Wes by ProteinSimple as well as the microchip gel electrophoresis system LabChip® GXII Touch™ HT by PerkinElmer were tested for precision and repeatability compared to SDS-PAGE (Bio-Rad). For assessing these quality control parameters, standard model proteins with minor post-translational modifications were used. Overall, it can be concluded that the CE-SDS-based methods are similar to SDS-PAGE with respect to these parameters. Quality characteristics of test systems gain more significance by testing proteins that do not behave like model proteins. Therefore, glycosylated proteins were analyzed to comparatively investigate the influence of glycosylation on Mr determination in the different instruments. In some cases, high deviations were found both among the methods and with regard to reference values. This article provides possible explanations for these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Scheller
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Finja Krebs
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Rebecca Wiesner
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hermann Wätzig
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Imke Oltmann-Norden
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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Wiesner R, Scheller C, Krebs F, Wätzig H, Oltmann-Norden I. A comparative study of CE-SDS, SDS-PAGE, and Simple Western: Influences of sample preparation on molecular weight determination of proteins. Electrophoresis 2020; 42:206-218. [PMID: 33185281 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The development of capillary electrophoresis, especially CE-SDS devices, has led CE-SDS to become an established tool in a wide range of applications in the analysis of biopharmaceuticals and is increasingly replacing its method of origin, SDS-PAGE. The goal of this study was to evaluate the comparability of molecular weight (MW) determination especially by CE-SDS and SDS-PAGE. For ensuring comparability, model proteins that have little or no posttranslational modifications and an IgG antibody were used. Only a minor influence of sample preparation conditions, including sample buffer, temperature conditions, and different reducing agents on the MW determination were found. In contrast, the selection of the MW marker plays a decisive role in determining the accurate apparent MW of a protein. When using different MW markers, the deviation in MW determination can exceed 10%. Interestingly, CE-SDS and 10% SDS-PAGE hardly differ in their trueness of MW determination. The trueness in relation to the reference MW for each protein was calculated. Although the trueness values for the model proteins considered range between 1.00 and 1.11 using CE-SDS, they range between 0.93 and 1.03 on SDS-PAGE, depending on the experimental conditions chosen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Wiesner
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christin Scheller
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Finja Krebs
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hermann Wätzig
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Imke Oltmann-Norden
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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