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Hisatsune K, Murata T, Taniguchi M, Asano T, Ogata K, Iguchi A, Zaitsu K. Development of a rapid-fire drug screening method by probe electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry for human urine (RaDPi-U). Anal Bioanal Chem 2024:10.1007/s00216-024-05215-x. [PMID: 38523158 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05215-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Drug screening tests are mandatory in the search for drugs in forensic biological samples, and immunological methods and mass spectrometry (e.g., gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry) are commonly used for that purpose. However, these methods have some drawbacks, and developing new screening methods is required. In this study, we develop a rapid-fire drug screening method by probe electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (PESI-MS/MS), which is an ambient ionization mass spectrometry method, for human urine, named RaDPi-U. RaDPi-U is carried out in three steps: (1) mixing urine with internal standard (IS) solution and ethanol, followed by vortexing; (2) pipetting the mixture onto a sample plate for PESI; and (3) rapid-fire analysis by PESI-MS/MS. RaDPi-U targets 40 forensically important drugs, which include illegal drugs, hypnotics, and psychoactive substances. The analytical results were obtained within 3 min because of the above-mentioned simple workflow of RaDPi-U. The calibration curves of each analyte were constructed using the IS method, and they were quantitatively valid, resulting in good linearity (0.972-0.999) with a satisfactory lower limit of detection and lower limit of quantitation (0.01-7.1 ng/mL and 0.02-21 ng/mL, respectively). Further, both trueness and precisions were 28% or less, demonstrating the high reliability and repeatability of the method. Finally, we applied RaDPi-U to three postmortem urine specimens and successfully detected different drugs in each urine sample. The practicality of the method is proven, and RaDPi-U will be a strong tool as a rapid-fire drug screening method not only in forensic toxicology but also in clinical toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Hisatsune
- Forensic Science Laboratory, Aichi Prefectural Police Headquarters, 2-1-1, Sannomaru, Naka-ku, Nagoya, 460-8502, Japan.
| | - Tasuku Murata
- Shimadzu Corporation, 1, Nishinokyo-Kuwabaracho Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto, 604-8511, Japan
| | - Masaru Taniguchi
- Nagoya City Public Health Research Institute, Sakurazaka, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya, 463-8585, Japan
| | - Tomomi Asano
- Department of Human Life and Environment, Kinjo Gakuin University, 2-1723 Omori, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya, 463-8521, Japan
| | - Koretsugu Ogata
- Shimadzu Corporation, 1, Nishinokyo-Kuwabaracho Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto, 604-8511, Japan
| | - Akira Iguchi
- Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Tsukuba Central 7, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8567, Japan
- Research Laboratory On Environmentally-conscious Developments and Technologies [E-code], National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8567, Japan
| | - Kei Zaitsu
- Multimodal Informatics and Wide-Data Analytics Laboratory (MiWA-Lab.), Department of Computational Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, 930 Nishi Mitani, Kinokawa, Wakayama, 649-6493, Japan.
- In Vivo Real-Time Omics Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
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Taniguchi M, Takamura N, Watanabe T, Ishimaru R, Chinaka S, Miki A, Miyazaki H, Tsuchihashi H, Zaitsu K. Easily Operable Quantification Method of 21 Plant-Derived Alkaloids in Human Serum by Automatic Sample Preparation and Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Chromatographia 2022; 85:1051-1063. [PMID: 36341308 PMCID: PMC9617228 DOI: 10.1007/s10337-022-04212-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we developed an easily operable quantification method for 21 plant-derived alkaloids in human serum by automatic sample preparation and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. We designed to perform parallel sample preparation by a developed apparatus, which increased sample throughput. We conducted an automatic sample preparation through de-proteinization with 0.1% formic acid in methanol and achieved recovery rates of 89-107% (2.0-14% RSD) for all targeted analytes, demonstrating its high repeatability. The method validation results were satisfactory as follows: the linearity (r 2) of each calibration curve ranged from 0.978 to 1.000; the inter- and intra-day accuracies were 89.0-125% and 82.1-110%, respectively; the inter- and intra-day precisions were below 13% and 10%, respectively. Additionally, the lower limits of detection and quantification were 0.0044-0.047 and 0.013-0.14 ng/mL, respectively. Finally, the developed method was applied to pseudo-protoveratrine A poisoning serum and pseudo-colchicine poisoning serum, which were prepared by diluting acute-poisoning mice serum with human serum. Our method successfully quantitated protoveratrine A (0.15-0.25 ng/mL) and colchicine (4.8-6.0 ng/mL). Thus, our method is essential for prompt clinical treatment and critical care on patient in acute intoxication cases caused by plant-derived alkaloids. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10337-022-04212-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Taniguchi
- Nagoya City Public Health Research Institute, 2266-132 Anagahora, Shimoshidami, Moriyama-Ku, Nagoya, 463-8585 Japan
| | - Naoki Takamura
- Shimadzu Engineering Inc., 1 Nishinokyo Kuwabara-Cho, Nakagyo-Ku, Kyoto, 604-8511 Japan
| | - Tsutomu Watanabe
- Shimadzu Engineering Inc., 1 Nishinokyo Kuwabara-Cho, Nakagyo-Ku, Kyoto, 604-8511 Japan
| | - Reiko Ishimaru
- Forensic Science Laboratory, Ishikawa Prefectural Police Headquarters, 1-1 Kuratsuki, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8553 Japan
| | - Satoshi Chinaka
- Forensic Science Laboratory, Ishikawa Prefectural Police Headquarters, 1-1 Kuratsuki, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8553 Japan
| | - Akihiro Miki
- Forensic Science Laboratory, Osaka Prefectural Police Headquarters, 1-3-18 Hommachi, Chuo-Ku, Osaka, 541-0053 Japan
| | - Hitoshi Miyazaki
- Nagoya City Public Health Research Institute, 2266-132 Anagahora, Shimoshidami, Moriyama-Ku, Nagoya, 463-8585 Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tsuchihashi
- Department of Legal Medicine and Bioethics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550 Japan
| | - Kei Zaitsu
- Multimodal Informatics and Wide-Data Analytics Laboratory, Department of Computational Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, 930 Nishi Mitani, Kinokawa, Wakayama, 649-6493 Japan
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Abstract
A study of the plants, and their associated poisons, in the Poison Garden at The Alnwick Garden was undertaken across a calendar year. By selecting 25 plants in the Poison Garden, we have been able to develop a single chromatographic method for the determination and quantification of 15 plant toxins by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Chromatographic separation was achieved on a C18 column (3.5 µm, 100 × 4.6 mm) with a gradient method using water +0.1% formic acid and methanol +0.1% formic acid. The developed method was validated for precision, linearity, limits of detection and quantification and extraction recoveries. The method showed good linearity with a R2 value of >0.995 for all 15 compounds with good precision of 10.7%, 6.7% and 0.3% for the low, medium and high calibration points, respectively. The LC-MS method was used to analyse 25 plant species, as well as their respective parts (i.e., bulb, flower, fruit, leaf, pollen, seed, stem and root), to assess the human risk assessment to children (aged 1 to <2 years) in relation to the plant toxin and its respective LD50. The analysis found that the greatest potential health risks were due to the ingestion of Colchicum autumnale and Atropa belladonna. As a caution, all identified plants should be handled with care with additional precautionary steps to ensure nil contact by children because of the potential likelihood of hand-to-mouth ingestion.
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Veratrum parviflorum: An Underexplored Source for Bioactive Steroidal Alkaloids. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165349. [PMID: 36014585 PMCID: PMC9412450 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants of the Veratrum genus have been used throughout history for their emetic properties, rheumatism, and for the treatment of high blood pressure. However, inadvertent consumption of these plants, which resemble wild ramps, induces life-threatening side effects attributable to an abundance of steroidal alkaloids. Several of the steroidal alkaloids from Veratrum spp. have been investigated for their ability to antagonize the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway, a key pathway for embryonic development and cell proliferation. Uncontrolled activation of this pathway is linked to the development of various cancers; most notably, basal cell carcinoma and acute myeloid leukemia. Additional investigation of Veratrum spp. may lead to the identification of novel alkaloids with the potential to serve as chemotherapeutics. V. parviflorum is a relatively uncommon species of Veratrum that resides in the southeastern regions of North America. The phytochemical profile of this plant remains largely unexplored; however, bioactive steroidal alkaloids, including cyclopamine, veratramine, veratridine, and verazine were identified in its extract. The structural elucidation and bioactivity assessment of steroidal alkaloids in lesser abundance within the extract of V. parviflorum may yield potent Hh pathway inhibitors. This review seeks to consolidate the botanical and phytochemical information regarding V. parviflorum.
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Yang Y, Sun X, Hu Q, Yan H, Li J, Zhao C, Zuo Z. Molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction of Chikusetsu saponin IVa from Panacis majoris Rhizoma. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:3665-3676. [PMID: 34329523 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
As the main active component of Panacis majoris Rhizoma, Chikusetsu saponin IVa has the activity of anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory pain, and so on. Obtaining high purity Chikusetsu saponin IVa by simple purification steps is a prerequisite for its deep development. In this paper, the separation and purification of Chikusetsu saponin IVa were studied by molecular imprinting technique. By ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry and computer molecular simulation, it was concluded that water-soluble 3-(2-carboxyethyl)-1-vinylimidazolium bromide ionic liquid was the best functional monomer compared with acrylic acid and acrylamide. The molecularly imprinted polymers were prepared by precipitation polymerization at 60℃ with Chikusetsu saponin IVa as template molecule, 3-(2-carboxyethyl)-1-vinylimidazolium bromide as functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as cross-linker, 2, 2'-azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator, and ethanol as porogen. The properties of molecularly imprinted polymers were studied by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermo-gravimetric analysis, nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherm, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The maximum adsorption capacity was 171.33 mg/g, and the imprinting factor was 2.6. Finally, the polymers can be successfully used in the purification of Chikusetsu saponin IVa from Panacis majoris Rhizoma through a simple procedure, the content was significantly increased. The recoveries of the spiked samples for the CS-IVa ranged from 94.05 to 99.95% with relative standard deviation values lower than 2.67%. The results showed that the polymers demonstrated good adsorption capacity for Chikusetsu saponin IVa. Meanwhile, the polymers showed great stability and reusability during the application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Qiao Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Hao Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Jin Li
- Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Chongbo Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Zuo
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, P. R. China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Basic and New Herbal Medicament Research, Xi'an, P. R. China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi, P. R. China
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Melnik EV, Belova MV, Potskhveriya MM, Simonova AY, Tyurin IA, Ramenskaya GV. Veratrum Alkaloid Determination in Four Cases of Veratrum Aqua Poisonings. J Anal Toxicol 2021; 46:e42-e47. [PMID: 33559680 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkab019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Veratrum poisonings are known to the toxicology literature as multiple Veratrum species grow in different parts of the Northern Hemisphere and are occasionally ingested by mistake. Veratrum toxicity is attributed to the steroidal alkaloids contained in all parts of the plant. In Russia Veratrum poisonings are more common since there is an over-the-counter Veratrum Lobelianum-based tincture, Veratrum Aqua (VA), that is topically used for treatment of lice infestation. Despite its toxicity, VA is misused in traditional medicine as a remedy for alcohol use disorder. We describe four cases of VA poisoning that occurred in Moscow, Russia. Three main Veratrum Lobelianum alkaloids (jervine, protoveratrine A and protoveratrine B), were determined in patient plasma and urine samples using liquid chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Here we describe a novel validated LC-MS/MS method for jervine and protoveratrine A quantification. Simple and rapid liquid-liquid extraction with methyl tert-butyl ether was utilized for analyte extraction. Chromatographic separation was achieved using Poroshell 120 EC-C18 column, and the total run time was 14 min. The lower limit of quantification was 0.1 ng/mL for jervine and proA in both plasma and urine. Biological samples were obtained upon hospital admission and during treatment, thus enabling to get a better understanding of the alkaloid elimination profile. Upon admission plasma concentrations of jervine (concentration range: 0.10-5.01 ng/mL) prevailed over protoveratrine A (concentration range: 0-0.67 ng/mL). At this time, protoveratrine A already reached maximum concentrations in urine (concentration range: 0.15-37.70 ng/mL). Maximum concentrations of jervine in urine were observed 24 hours after admission (concentration range: 0.10-9.55 ng/mL). In all cases plasma concentrations of Veratrum alkaloids correlated with condition severity. Since none of the patients confirmed VA intake, instrumental analysis was the basis for the definitive diagnosis of VA poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta V Melnik
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 2-4 Bolshaya Pirogovskaya str., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Maria V Belova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 2-4 Bolshaya Pirogovskaya str., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.,N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine, 3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya sq., 129090 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail M Potskhveriya
- N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine, 3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya sq., 129090 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasiya Yu Simonova
- N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine, 3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya sq., 129090 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Igor A Tyurin
- N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine, 3 Bolshaya Sukharevskaya sq., 129090 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Galina V Ramenskaya
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 2-4 Bolshaya Pirogovskaya str., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
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