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Tuma C, Thomas A, Braun H, Thevis M. Development of an LC-HRMS/MS Method for Quantifying Steroids and Thyroid Hormones in Capillary Blood: A Potential Tool for Assessing Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S). Metabolites 2024; 14:328. [PMID: 38921463 PMCID: PMC11205421 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14060328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S) is a condition that arises from persistent low energy availability (LEA), which affects the hypothalamic-pituitary axis and results in alterations of several hormones in both male and female athletes. As frequent blood hormone status determinations using venipuncture are rare in sports practice, microsampling offers promising possibilities for preventing and assessing RED-S. Therefore, this study aimed at developing a liquid chromatography-high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS) method for quantifying relevant steroids and thyroid hormones in 30 μL of capillary blood obtained using Mitra® devices with volumetric absorptive microsampling technology (VAMS®). The results of the study showed that all validation criteria were met, including a storage stability of more than 28 days in a frozen state (-18 °C) and 14 days at room temperature (20 °C). The validated assay provided precise (<12%) and accurate (<13%) results for all the target analytes. Furthermore, as a proof of concept, autonomously collected VAMS® samples from 50 female and male, healthy, active adults were analyzed. The sensitivity of all analytes was adequate to quantify the decreased hormone concentrations in the RED-S state, as all authentic samples could be measured accordingly. These findings suggest that self-collected VAMS® samples offer a practical opportunity for regular hormone measurements in athletes and can be used for early RED-S assessment and progress monitoring during RED-S recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Tuma
- Institute of Biochemistry, Center of Preventive Doping Research, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany
- German Research Centre of Elite Sports (Momentum), German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Thomas
- Institute of Biochemistry, Center of Preventive Doping Research, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Hans Braun
- Institute of Biochemistry, Center of Preventive Doping Research, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany
- German Research Centre of Elite Sports (Momentum), German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Mario Thevis
- Institute of Biochemistry, Center of Preventive Doping Research, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany
- European Monitoring Center for Emerging Doping Agents (EuMoCEDA), 50933 Cologne, Germany
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Ponzetto F, Parasiliti-Caprino M, Leoni L, Marinelli L, Nonnato A, Nicoli R, Kuuranne T, Ghigo E, Mengozzi G, Settanni F. LC-MS/MS measurement of endogenous steroid hormones and phase II metabolites in blood volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) for doping control purposes. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 557:117890. [PMID: 38537673 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.117890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling (VAMS) is emerging as a valuable technique in the collection of dried biological specimens, offering a potential alternative to traditional sampling methods. The objective of this study was to assess the suitability of 30 μL VAMS for the measurement of endogenous steroid hormones. METHODS A novel LC-MS/MS method was developed for the quantification of 18 analytes in VAMS samples, including main endogenous free steroids and phase II metabolites of androgens. The method underwent validation in accordance with ISO/IEC 17025:2017 and World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) requirements. Subsequently, it was applied to authentic VAMS samples obtained from 20 healthy volunteers to assess the stability of target analytes under varying storage conditions. RESULTS The validation protocol assessed method's selectivity, matrix effect, extraction recovery, quantitative performance, carry-over and robustness. The analysis of authentic samples demonstrated the satisfactory stability of monitored steroids in VAMS stored at room temperature, 4 °C, -20 °C and -80 °C for up to 100 days and subjected to up to 3 freezing-thawing cycles. CONCLUSIONS The validated LC-MS/MS method demonstrated its suitability for the measurement of steroids in dried blood VAMS. The observed stability of steroidal compounds suggests promising prospects for future applications of VAMS, both in anti-doping contexts and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Ponzetto
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| | - Mirko Parasiliti-Caprino
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Laura Leoni
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Marinelli
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonello Nonnato
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Raul Nicoli
- Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analyses, University Center of Legal Medicine Geneva and Lausanne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tiia Kuuranne
- Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analyses, University Center of Legal Medicine Geneva and Lausanne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ezio Ghigo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giulio Mengozzi
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, City of Health and Science University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Fabio Settanni
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, City of Health and Science University Hospital, Turin, Italy
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Breton A, Cirtiu CM, Muehlethaler C, Rudge J, Fleury N. Validation of Mitra ® VAMS ® as a blood collection technique for trace elements analysis using ICP-MS/MS. Bioanalysis 2024; 16:203-217. [PMID: 38226838 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Clinical dosage of toxic and essential elements in blood is well established and the collection method is still by venipuncture. This method has drawbacks and is not suited for everyone. Volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) has been shown to have advantages over venipuncture. Materials & methods: Using inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry, a method for quantifying elements in whole blood sampled on VAMS was developed/validated. Method's performance was assessed by comparison with whole blood results. Results: Validation and performance assessment tests tend to show that most of the targeted elements provides accurate and reproducible results comparing to a method of reference. Conclusion: Overall, VAMS presents good preliminary results to eventually become an alternative to venipuncture for blood sampling for some trace elements analysis purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Breton
- Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (INSPQ), Centre de Toxicologie du Québec (CTQ), 945 Wolfe, Quebec, G1V 5B3, Canada
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry & Physics, 3351 Boul. des Forges, Quebec, G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Ciprian Mihai Cirtiu
- Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (INSPQ), Centre de Toxicologie du Québec (CTQ), 945 Wolfe, Quebec, G1V 5B3, Canada
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry & Physics, 3351 Boul. des Forges, Quebec, G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Cyril Muehlethaler
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry & Physics, 3351 Boul. des Forges, Quebec, G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - James Rudge
- Trajan Scientific & Medical, Crownhill Business Center, 14 Vincent Ave, Crownhill, Milton Keynes, MK8 0AB, UK
| | - Normand Fleury
- Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (INSPQ), Centre de Toxicologie du Québec (CTQ), 945 Wolfe, Quebec, G1V 5B3, Canada
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Tuma C, Schick A, Pommerening N, Braun H, Thevis M. Effects of an Individualized vs. Standardized Vitamin D Supplementation on the 25(OH)D Level in Athletes. Nutrients 2023; 15:4747. [PMID: 38004144 PMCID: PMC10675819 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is crucial to the health and performance of athletes. Although the exact vitamin D requirements for athletes have not been established, maintaining a 25(OH)D level of at least 40 ng/mL is considered beneficial. This randomized controlled intervention study aimed to determine whether an individual loading dose formula for vitamin D supplementation is more effective than standardized supplementation and suitable enough for athletes to meet a target value of 40 ng/mL. In a 10-week supplementation study conducted during the winter months in Germany, 90 athletes with insufficient vitamin D levels (25(OH)D < 30 ng/mL) were randomly assigned to receive either a universal dose of 2000 IU/day of vitamin D or a loading dose of 4000 IU/day, followed by a maintenance dose of 1000 IU/day. The total 25(OH)D concentration was measured from dried blood spots at three time points: at baseline, at the computed date of 40 ng/mL, and after the 10-week period. Additionally, a vitamin-D-specific questionnaire was issued. On the day when 25(OH)D blood concentrations of 40 ng/mL were calculated to prevail, the individualized group had a significantly higher 25(OH)D level than the standardized group (41.1 ± 10.9 ng/mL vs. 32.5 ± 6.4 ng/mL, p < 0.001). This study demonstrated that the examined formula is suitable enough for athletes to achieve a 25(OH)D concentration of 40 ng/mL. This indicates that a personalized approach is more effective than a one-size-fits-all approach in restoring adequate vitamin D levels in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Tuma
- Institute of Biochemistry/Center of Preventive Doping Research, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany (M.T.)
- German Research Centre of Elite Sports (Momentum), German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Arne Schick
- Institute of Biochemistry/Center of Preventive Doping Research, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany (M.T.)
| | - Nele Pommerening
- Institute of Biochemistry/Center of Preventive Doping Research, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany (M.T.)
| | - Hans Braun
- Institute of Biochemistry/Center of Preventive Doping Research, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany (M.T.)
- German Research Centre of Elite Sports (Momentum), German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Mario Thevis
- Institute of Biochemistry/Center of Preventive Doping Research, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany (M.T.)
- European Monitoring Center for Emerging Doping Agents, 50933 Cologne, Germany
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de Sá e Silva DM, Thaitumu M, Theodoridis G, Witting M, Gika H. Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling in the Analysis of Endogenous Metabolites. Metabolites 2023; 13:1038. [PMID: 37887363 PMCID: PMC10609074 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13101038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) has arisen as a relevant tool in biological analysis, offering simplified sampling procedures and enhanced stability. Most of the attention VAMS has received in the past decade has been from pharmaceutical research, with most of the published work employing VAMS targeting drugs or other exogenous compounds, such as toxins and pollutants. However, biomarker analysis by employing blood microsampling has high promise. Herein, a comprehensive review on the applicability of VAMS devices for the analysis of endogenous metabolites/biomarkers was performed. The study presents a full overview of the analysis process, incorporating all the steps in sample treatment and validation parameters. Overall, VAMS devices have proven to be reliable tools for the analysis of endogenous analytes with biological importance, often offering improved analyte stability in comparison with blood under ambient conditions as well as a convenient and straightforward sample acquisition model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Marques de Sá e Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece (G.T.)
- Biomic_AUTh, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, B1.4, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Marlene Thaitumu
- Biomic_AUTh, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, B1.4, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Theodoridis
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece (G.T.)
- Biomic_AUTh, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, B1.4, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Michael Witting
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Core, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Maximus-von-Imhof Forum 6, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Helen Gika
- Biomic_AUTh, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, B1.4, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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