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Ognean ML, Bivoleanu A, Cucerea M, Galiș R, Roșca I, Surdu M, Stoicescu SM, Ramanathan R. Nasal High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation Use in Romanian Neonatal Intensive Care Units-The Results of a Recent Survey. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:836. [PMID: 39062285 PMCID: PMC11276281 DOI: 10.3390/children11070836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasal high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (nHFOV) has emerged as an effective initial and rescue noninvasive respiratory support mode for preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS); however, little is known about nHFOV use in Romanian neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). OBJECTIVES We aimed to identify the usage extent and clinical application of nHFOV in Romania. METHODS A structured web-based questionnaire was designed to find the rate of nHFOV use and knowledge of this new method of noninvasive respiratory support in Romanian level III NICUs. Using multiple-choice, open-ended, and yes/no questions, we collected information on the NICU's size, noninvasive respiratory support modes used, nHFOV use, indications, settings, nasal interfaces, secondary effects, and equipment used. Descriptive statistics and comparisons were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0. RESULTS A total of 21/23 (91.3%) leaders from level III NICUs (median [IQR] number of beds of 10 [10-17.5]) responded to the survey. The most frequently used noninvasive ventilation modes were CPAP mode on mechanical ventilators (76.2%), followed by NIPPV (76.2%); heated, humidified high-flow nasal cannula (HHHFNC) (61.9%); and nHFOV (11/21 units; 52.4%). A total of 5/11 units reported frequent nHFOV use (in two or more newborns/month) in both term and preterm infants. The main indications reported for nHFOV use were CPAP failure (90.9%), hypercapnia (81.8%), and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (72.7%). Face/nasal masks and short binasal prongs are the most commonly used nasal interfaces (90.9% and 72.7%, respectively). Air leaks at the interface level (90.9%), thick secretions (81.8%), and airway obstruction (63.6%) were the most frequently mentioned adverse effects of nHFOV. Only three of the NICUs had a written protocol for nHFOV use. Most units not yet using nHFOV cited lack of equipment, experience, training, or insufficient information and evidence for the clinical use and outcome of nHFOV use in neonates as the main reasons for not implementing this noninvasive respiratory mode. CONCLUSIONS Our survey showed that nHFOV is already used in more than half of the Romanian level III NICUs to support term and preterm infants with respiratory distress despite a lack of consensus regarding indications and settings during nHFOV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Livia Ognean
- Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University, 550169 Sibiu, Romania;
- Neonatology Department, Clinical County Emergency Hospital, 550245 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Anca Bivoleanu
- Regional Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cuza-Voda Clinical Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 700038 Iasi, Romania
| | - Manuela Cucerea
- Department of Neonatology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Radu Galiș
- Department of Neonatology, Emergency County Hospital Bihor, 410167 Oradea, Romania;
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-512 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ioana Roșca
- Neonatology Department, Panait Sirbu Maternity Hospital, 050786 Bucharest, Romania
- Midwifery and Nursing Faculty, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Monica Surdu
- Neonatology Department, County Emergency Hospital Constanța, 900591 Constanta, Romania;
- Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania
| | - Silvia-Maria Stoicescu
- “Alessandrescu-Rusescu” National Institute for Mother and Child Health, 010919 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Rangasamy Ramanathan
- Division of Neonatal Medicine, Cedars Sinai Guerin Children’s, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA;
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Wang K, Yue G, Gao S, Li F, Ju R. Non-invasive high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (NHFOV) versus nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) for preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2024; 109:397-404. [PMID: 38228382 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2023-325681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy and safety of non-invasive high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (NHFOV) and nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) in preterm infants. DESIGN The study conducted a comprehensive analysis across three databases, namely EMBASE, MEDLINE and Cochrane Central, to identify randomised controlled trials comparing NHFOV and NCPAP. Statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager V.5.3 software. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES The primary outcomes of the study were the intubation or reintubation rate in the NHFOV and NCPAP groups. Additionally, secondary outcomes included the partial pressure of carbon dioxide levels and major complications associated with non-invasive respiratory support ventilation. RESULTS Ten randomised controlled studies, involving 2031 preterm infants, were included in this meta-analysis. When compared with NCPAP, NHFOV demonstrated a significant reduction in the intubation or reintubation rate (p<0.01, relative risk=0.45, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.55), and there was no statistical difference in related complications. CONCLUSION In preterm infants, NHFOV appears to be an effective intervention for decreasing the intubation or reintubation rate compared with NCPAP, with no increase in associated complications. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42023403968.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixu Wang
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Guang Yue
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuqiang Gao
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Li
- Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Rong Ju
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Abdel-Latif ME, Tan O, Fiander M, Osborn DA. Non-invasive high-frequency ventilation in newborn infants with respiratory distress. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2024; 5:CD012712. [PMID: 38695628 PMCID: PMC11064768 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012712.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory distress occurs in up to 7% of newborns, with respiratory support (RS) provided invasively via an endotracheal (ET) tube or non-invasively via a nasal interface. Invasive ventilation increases the risk of lung injury and chronic lung disease (CLD). Using non-invasive strategies, with or without minimally invasive surfactant, may reduce the need for mechanical ventilation and the risk of lung damage in newborn infants with respiratory distress. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the benefits and harms of nasal high-frequency ventilation (nHFV) compared to invasive ventilation via an ET tube or other non-invasive ventilation methods on morbidity and mortality in preterm and term infants with or at risk of respiratory distress. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and three trial registries in April 2023. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs), cluster- or quasi-RCTs of nHFV in newborn infants with respiratory distress compared to invasive or non-invasive ventilation. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently selected the trials for inclusion, extracted data, assessed the risk of bias, and undertook GRADE assessment. MAIN RESULTS We identified 33 studies, mostly in low- to middle-income settings, that investigated this therapy in 5068 preterm and 46 term infants. nHFV compared to invasive respiratory therapy for initial RS We are very uncertain whether nHFV reduces mortality before hospital discharge (RR 0.67, 95% CI 0.20 to 2.18; 1 study, 80 infants) or the incidence of CLD (RR 0.38, 95% CI 0.09 to 1.59; 2 studies, 180 infants), both very low-certainty. ET intubation, death or CLD, severe intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) and neurodevelopmental disability (ND) were not reported. nHFV vs nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) used for initial RS We are very uncertain whether nHFV reduces mortality before hospital discharge (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.41 to 2.41; 4 studies, 531 infants; very low-certainty). nHFV may reduce ET intubation (RR 0.52, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.82; 5 studies, 571 infants), but there may be little or no difference in CLD (RR 1.35, 95% CI 0.80 to 2.27; 4 studies, 481 infants); death or CLD (RR 2.50, 95% CI 0.52 to 12.01; 1 study, 68 participants); or severe IVH (RR 1.17, 95% CI 0.36 to 3.78; 4 studies, 531 infants), all low-certainty evidence. ND was not reported. nHFV vs nasal intermittent positive-pressure ventilation (nIPPV) used for initial RS nHFV may result in little to no difference in mortality before hospital discharge (RR 1.86, 95% CI 0.90 to 3.83; 2 studies, 84 infants; low-certainty). nHFV may have little or no effect in reducing ET intubation (RR 1.33, 95% CI 0.76 to 2.34; 5 studies, 228 infants; low-certainty). There may be a reduction in CLD (RR 0.63, 95% CI 0.42 to 0.95; 5 studies, 307 infants; low-certainty). A single study (36 infants) reported no events for severe IVH. Death or CLD and ND were not reported. nHFV vs high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) used for initial RS We are very uncertain whether nHFV reduces ET intubation (RR 2.94, 95% CI 0.65 to 13.27; 1 study, 37 infants) or reduces CLD (RR 1.18, 95% CI 0.46 to 2.98; 1 study, 37 participants), both very low-certainty. There were no mortality events before hospital discharge or severe IVH. Other deaths, CLD and ND, were not reported. nHFV vs nCPAP used for RS following planned extubation nHFV probably results in little or no difference in mortality before hospital discharge (RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.52 to 1.64; 6 studies, 1472 infants; moderate-certainty). nHFV may result in a reduction in ET reintubation (RR 0.42, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.51; 11 studies, 1897 infants) and CLD (RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.91; 10 studies, 1829 infants), both low-certainty. nHFV probably has little or no effect on death or CLD (RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.06; 2 studies, 966 infants) and severe IVH (RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.57 to 1.13; 3 studies, 1117 infants), both moderate-certainty. We are very uncertain whether nHFV reduces ND (RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.37 to 2.29; 1 study, 74 infants; very low-certainty). nHFV versus nIPPV used for RS following planned extubation nHFV may have little or no effect on mortality before hospital discharge (RR 1.83, 95% CI 0.70 to 4.79; 2 studies, 984 infants; low-certainty). There is probably a reduction in ET reintubation (RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.89; 6 studies, 1364 infants), but little or no effect on CLD (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.75 to 1.04; 4 studies, 1236 infants); death or CLD (RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.79 to 1.08; 3 studies, 1070 infants); or severe IVH (RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.55 to 1.10; 4 studies, 1162 infants), all moderate-certainty. One study reported there might be no difference in ND (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.35 to 2.16; 1 study, 72 infants; low-certainty). nHFV versus nIPPV following initial non-invasive RS failure nHFV may have little or no effect on mortality before hospital discharge (RR 1.44, 95% CI 0.10 to 21.33); or ET intubation (RR 1.23, 95% CI 0.51 to 2.98); or CLD (RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.70 to 1.47); or severe IVH (RR 0.47, 95% CI 0.02 to 10.87); 1 study, 39 participants, all low- or very low-certainty. Other deaths or CLD and ND were not reported. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS For initial RS, we are very uncertain if using nHFV compared to invasive respiratory therapy affects clinical outcomes. However, nHFV may reduce intubation when compared to nCPAP. For planned extubation, nHFV may reduce the risk of reintubation compared to nCPAP and nIPPV. nHFV may reduce the risk of CLD when compared to nCPAP. Following initial non-invasive respiratory support failure, nHFV when compared to nIPPV may result in little to no difference in intubation. Large trials, particularly in high-income settings, are needed to determine the role of nHFV in initial RS and following the failure of other non-invasive respiratory support. Also, the optimal settings of nHVF require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E Abdel-Latif
- Discipline of Neonatology, School of Medicine and Psychology, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
- Department of Neonatology, Centenary Hospital for Women and Children, Canberra Hospital, Garran, ACT, Australia
- Department of Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Olive Tan
- Department of Neonatology, Centenary Hospital for Women and Children, Canberra Hospital, Garran, ACT, Australia
| | | | - David A Osborn
- Central Clinical School, School of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Neonatology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia
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Thomann J, Gaertner VD, Waldmann AD, Plastina L, Bassler D, Rüegger CM. Nasal high frequency oscillatory highflow therapy in preterm infants: A randomized crossover trial. Pediatr Pulmonol 2024; 59:323-330. [PMID: 37937894 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the clinical efficacy, safety, and potential physiological mechanisms of highflow therapy with superimposed high frequency oscillations ("osciflow"). STUDY DESIGN In this prospective, randomized, single center crossover trial, 30 preterm infants were randomized to receive osciflow or highflow therapy first, each for 180 min. During osciflow, an oscillatory amplitude of 20 mbar and a frequency of 6 Hz were set. The flow rate was 4 L/min during both interventions. Primary outcome was the paired difference in the combined number of desaturations (SpO2 < 80%) and bradycardia (heart rate <80 beats per min) between interventions. Safety outcomes included nasal trauma, pneumothorax and treatment failure, and a pain score was assessed. In 20 infants, electrical impedance tomography (EIT) recordings were performed to evaluate oscillatory (VOsc ) and tidal volumes (VT ) at the lung level. RESULTS Infants with a mean (SD) postnatal age of 33.1 ± 1.2 weeks were included. The median (IQR) number of episodes of desaturation and bradycardia was 19.5 (6-49) during osciflow and 26 (6-44) during highflow therapy (paired difference -2; IQR -10 to 9; p = .37). There were no differences in safety outcomes and pain scores. During osciflow, EIT recordings showed a signal at 6 Hz, which was not detectable during highflow. Corresponding mean (SD) VOsc /VT ratio was 9% (±5%). CONCLUSIONS In preterm infants, osciflow did not reduce the number of desaturations and bradycardia compared with highflow therapy. Although VOsc were transmitted to the lung during osciflow, their magnitude was small. Osciflow was safe and well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Thomann
- Department of Neonatology, Newborn Research, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Vincent D Gaertner
- Department of Neonatology, Newborn Research, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas D Waldmann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Leonie Plastina
- Department of Neonatology, Newborn Research, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dirk Bassler
- Department of Neonatology, Newborn Research, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph M Rüegger
- Department of Neonatology, Newborn Research, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Lavizzari A, Zannin E, Klotz D, Dassios T, Roehr CC. State of the art on neonatal noninvasive respiratory support: How physiological and technological principles explain the clinical outcomes. Pediatr Pulmonol 2023; 58:2442-2455. [PMID: 37378417 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Noninvasive respiratory support has gained significant popularity in neonatal units because of its potential to reduce lung injury associated with invasive mechanical ventilation. To minimize lung injury, clinicians aim to apply for noninvasive respiratory support as early as possible. However, the physiological background and the technology behind such support modes are not always clear, and many open questions remain regarding the indications of use and clinical outcomes. This narrative review discusses the currently available evidence for various noninvasive respiratory support modes applied in Neonatal Medicine in terms of physiological effects and indications. Reviewed modes include nasal continuous positive airway pressure, nasal high-flow therapy, noninvasive high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV), synchronized NIPPV and noninvasive neurally adjusted ventilatory assist. To enhance clinicians' awareness of each support mode's strengths and limitations, we summarize technical features related to the functioning mechanisms of devices and the physical properties of the interfaces commonly used for providing noninvasive respiratory support to neonates. We finally address areas of current controversy and suggest possible areas of research for implementing noninvasive respiratory support in neonatal intensive care units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lavizzari
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Zannin
- Fondazione Monza e Brianza per il Bambino e la sua Mamma, Monza, Italy
| | - Daniel Klotz
- Center for Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Theodore Dassios
- Neonatal Intensive Care Centre, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Charles C Roehr
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Clinical Trials Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Wang K, Zhou X, Gao S, Li F, Ju R. Noninvasive high-frequency oscillatory ventilation versus nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation for preterm infants as an extubation support: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2023; 58:704-711. [PMID: 36372443 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to explore whether noninvasive high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (NHFOV) could reduce the incidence of reintubation compared with nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) in the postextubation phase of preterm infants. METHODS Randomized controlled trials of NHFOV versus NIPPV were searched in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central, and MEDLINE. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3. RESULTS Four randomized controlled trials including 1138 preterm infants were included in this study. Compared with NIPPV, NHFOV reduced the incidence of reintubation in the post-extubation phase of preterm infants (p = 0.01, RR = 0.72, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.56∼0.94), and no heterogeneity was found in the four studies (p = 0.55, I2 = 0%). In the sensitivity analysis, the result showed that there was no significant difference in the incidence of reintubation between NHFOV and NIPPV after excluding one study (p = 0. 05, RR = 0.76 95% CI: 0.58∼1.00), and no heterogeneity was found in the other three studies (p = 0.95, I2 = 0%). There was no statistical difference between NHFOV and NIPPV in BPD, air leak, IVH (≥Grade III) and mortality. CONCLUSION Among mechanically ventilated preterm infants, compared with NIPPV, NHFOV was potentially beneficial to reduce the incidence of reintubation after extubation and did not increase the risk of complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixu Wang
- Department of Neonatology, The Affiliated Women's and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, UESTC, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhou
- Department of Neonatology, The Affiliated Women's and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, UESTC, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuqiang Gao
- Department of Neonatology, The Affiliated Women's and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, UESTC, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Li
- Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rong Ju
- Department of Neonatology, The Affiliated Women's and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, UESTC, Chengdu, China
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Gaertner VD, Waldmann AD, Davis PG, Bassler D, Springer L, Tingay DG, Rüegger CM. Lung volume changes during apnoeas in preterm infants. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2023; 108:170-175. [PMID: 36038255 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2022-324282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mechanisms of non-invasive high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (nHFOV) in preterm infants are unclear. We aimed to compare lung volume changes during apnoeas in preterm infants on nHFOV and nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP). METHODS Analysis of electrical impedance tomography (EIT) data from a randomised crossover trial comparing nHFOV with nCPAP in preterm infants at 26-34 weeks postmenstrual age. EIT data were screened by two reviewers to identify apnoeas ≥10 s. End-expiratory lung impedance (EELI) and tidal volumes (VT) were calculated before and after apnoeas. Oxygen saturation (SpO2) and heart rate (HR) were extracted for 60 s after apnoeas. RESULTS In 30 preterm infants, 213 apnoeas were identified. During apnoeas, oscillatory volumes were detectable during nHFOV. EELI decreased significantly during apnoeas (∆EELI nCPAP: -8.0 (-11.9 to -4.1) AU/kg, p<0.001; ∆EELI nHFOV: -3.4 (-6.5 to -0.3), p=0.03) but recovered over the first five breaths after apnoeas. Compared with before apnoeas, VT was increased for the first breath after apnoeas during nCPAP (∆VT: 7.5 (3.1 to 11.2) AU/kg, p=0.001). Falls in SpO2 and HR after apnoeas were greater during nCPAP than nHFOV (mean difference (95% CI): SpO2: 3.6% (2.7 to 4.6), p<0.001; HR: 15.9 bpm (13.4 to 18.5), p<0.001). CONCLUSION Apnoeas were characterised by a significant decrease in EELI which was regained over the first breaths after apnoeas, partly mediated by a larger VT. Apnoeas were followed by a considerable drop in SpO2 and HR, particularly during nCPAP, leading to longer episodes of hypoxemia during nCPAP. Transmitted oscillations during nHFOV may explain these benefits. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12616001516471.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent D Gaertner
- Newborn Research, Department of Neonatology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas D Waldmann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Peter G Davis
- Newborn Research Centre and Neonatal Services, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dirk Bassler
- Newborn Research, Department of Neonatology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laila Springer
- Department of Neonatology, University Children's Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - David Gerald Tingay
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neonatology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christoph Martin Rüegger
- Newborn Research, Department of Neonatology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Gaertner VD, Waldmann AD, Davis PG, Bassler D, Springer L, Thomson J, Tingay DG, Rüegger CM. Lung volume distribution in preterm infants on non-invasive high-frequency ventilation. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2022; 107:551-557. [PMID: 35101993 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2021-322990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-invasive high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (nHFOV) is an extension of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) support in neonates. We aimed to compare global and regional distribution of lung volumes during nHFOV versus nCPAP. METHODS In 30 preterm infants enrolled in a randomised crossover trial comparing nHFOV with nCPAP, electrical impedance tomography data were recorded in prone position. For each mode of respiratory support, four episodes of artefact-free tidal ventilation, each comprising 30 consecutive breaths, were extracted. Tidal volumes (VT) in 36 horizontal slices, indicators of ventilation homogeneity and end-expiratory lung impedance (EELI) for the whole lung and for four horizontal regions of interest (non-gravity-dependent to gravity-dependent; EELINGD, EELImidNGD, EELImidGD, EELIGD) were compared between nHFOV and nCPAP. Aeration homogeneity ratio (AHR) was determined by dividing aeration in non-gravity-dependent parts of the lung through gravity-dependent regions. MAIN RESULTS Overall, 228 recordings were analysed. Relative VT was greater in all but the six most gravity-dependent lung slices during nCPAP (all p<0.05). Indicators of ventilation homogeneity were similar between nHFOV and nCPAP (all p>0.05). Aeration was increased during nHFOV (mean difference (95% CI)=0.4 (0.2 to 0.6) arbitrary units per kilogram (AU/kg), p=0.013), mainly due to an increase in non-gravity-dependent regions of the lung (∆EELINGD=6.9 (0.0 to 13.8) AU/kg, p=0.028; ∆EELImidNGD=6.8 (1.2 to 12.4) AU/kg, p=0.009). Aeration was more homogeneous during nHFOV compared with nCPAP (mean difference (95% CI) in AHR=0.01 (0.00 to 0.02), p=0.0014). CONCLUSION Although regional ventilation was similar between nHFOV and nCPAP, end-expiratory lung volume was higher and aeration homogeneity was slightly improved during nHFOV. The aeration difference was greatest in non-gravity dependent regions, possibly due to the oscillatory pressure waveform. The clinical importance of these findings is still unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent D Gaertner
- Newborn Research, Department of Neonatology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas D Waldmann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Peter G Davis
- Newborn Research Centre and Neonatal Services, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dirk Bassler
- Newborn Research, Department of Neonatology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laila Springer
- Department of Neonatology, University Children's Hospital Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Jessica Thomson
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Gerald Tingay
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neonatology, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christoph Martin Rüegger
- Newborn Research, Department of Neonatology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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9
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Boel L, Hixson T, Brown L, Sage J, Kotecha S, Chakraborty M. Non-invasive respiratory support in preterm infants. Paediatr Respir Rev 2022; 43:53-59. [PMID: 35562288 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Survival of preterm infants has increased steadily over recent decades, primarily due to improved outcomes for those born before 28 weeks of gestation. However, this has not been matched by similar improvements in longer-term morbidity. One of the key long-term sequelae of preterm birth remains bronchopulmonary dysplasia (also called chronic lung disease of prematurity), contributed primarily by the effect of early pulmonary inflammation superimposed on immature lungs. Non-invasive modes of respiratory support have been rapidly introduced providing modest success in reducing the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia when compared with invasive mechanical ventilation, and improved clinical practice has been reported from population-based studies. We present a comprehensive review of the key modes of non-invasive respiratory support currently used in preterm infants, including their mechanisms of action and evidence of benefit from clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieve Boel
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Thomas Hixson
- Regional Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Lisa Brown
- Regional Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jayne Sage
- Regional Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sailesh Kotecha
- Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Mallinath Chakraborty
- Regional Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK; Centre for Medical Education, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
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10
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Nasal high-frequency oscillatory ventilation versus nasal continuous positive airway pressure as primary respiratory support strategies for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Pediatr 2022; 181:215-223. [PMID: 34254173 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-021-04190-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nasal high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (NHFOV) is a new respiratory support strategy despite lacking of enough evidence in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). The aim of the present systematic review was to explore whether NHFOV reduced the intubation rate as compared with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) as the primary respiratory support strategies in preterm infants with RDS. Medline, the Cochrane library, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, EMBASE, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang data Information Site were searched from inception to Jan 1, 2021(Prospero2019 CRD42019129316, date and name of registration: Apr 23,2019, The clinical effectiveness of NHFOV vs NCPAP for preterm babies with respiratory distress syndrome). Pooled data from clinically randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing NHFOV with NCPAP as the primary respiratory supporting strategies in preterm infants with RDS were performed using the fixed-effects models whenever no heterogeneity was shown. The primary outcome was intubation rate. Four randomized controlled trials involving 570 participants were included. Comparing with NCPAP, NHFOV resulted in less intubation (relative risk (RR) 0.44; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.29-0.67, P = 0.0002), and heterogeneity was not found among the trials in the fixed-effects model (P = 0.78, I2 = 0%). Similar result also appeared in sensitivity analysis after excluding one study with significant difference (RR 0.44; 95% CI 0.25-0.78, P = 0.005) (P = 0.58, I2 = 0%).Conclusion: NHFOV decreased the intubation rate as compared with NCPAP as primary respiratory supporting strategies in preterm infants suffering from RDS. Future research should assess whether NHFOV can reduce the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and intubation rate in preterm infants with BPD. Fund by Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing (cstc2020jcyj-msxmX0197), and "guan'ai" preterm Study Program of Renze Foundation of Beijing(K022). What is Known: • Nasal high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (NHFOV) has been described to be another advanced version of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP). However, its beneficial effects among different studies as the primary modes in the early life of preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) were inconsistent. What is New: • Comparing with NCPAP, NHFOV decreases the risk of intubation as a primary respiratory supporting strategy in early life for preterm infants suffering from RDS.
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11
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Abstract
Noninvasive high-frequency oscillatory (NHFOV) and percussive (NHFPV) ventilation represent 2 nonconventional techniques that may be useful in selected neonatal patients. We offer here a comprehensive review of physiology, mechanics, and biology for both techniques. As NHFOV is the technique with the wider experience, we also provided a meta-analysis of available clinical trials, suggested ventilatory parameters boundaries, and proposed a physiology-based clinical protocol to use NHFOV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele De Luca
- Division of Pediatrics and Neonatal Critical Care, "A.Beclere" Medical Center, Paris Saclay University Hospitals, APHP, Paris - France; Physiopathology and Therapeutic Innovation Unit-INSERM U999, Paris Saclay University, Paris - France.
| | - Roberta Centorrino
- Division of Pediatrics and Neonatal Critical Care, "A.Beclere" Medical Center, Paris Saclay University Hospitals, APHP, Paris - France; Physiopathology and Therapeutic Innovation Unit-INSERM U999, Paris Saclay University, Paris - France
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12
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Sarafidis K, Chotas W, Agakidou E, Karagianni P, Drossou V. The Intertemporal Role of Respiratory Support in Improving Neonatal Outcomes: A Narrative Review. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:883. [PMID: 34682148 PMCID: PMC8535019 DOI: 10.3390/children8100883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Defining improvements in healthcare can be challenging due to the need to assess multiple outcomes and measures. In neonates, although progress in respiratory support has been a key factor in improving survival, the same degree of improvement has not been documented in certain outcomes, such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia. By exploring the evolution of neonatal respiratory care over the last 60 years, this review highlights not only the scientific advances that occurred with the application of invasive mechanical ventilation but also the weakness of the existing knowledge. The contributing role of non-invasive ventilation and less-invasive surfactant administration methods as well as of certain pharmacological therapies is also discussed. Moreover, we analyze the cost-benefit of neonatal care-respiratory support and present future challenges and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosmas Sarafidis
- 1st Department of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.A.); (P.K.); (V.D.)
| | - William Chotas
- Department of Neonatology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA;
| | - Eleni Agakidou
- 1st Department of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.A.); (P.K.); (V.D.)
| | - Paraskevi Karagianni
- 1st Department of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.A.); (P.K.); (V.D.)
| | - Vasiliki Drossou
- 1st Department of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokrateion General Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.A.); (P.K.); (V.D.)
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13
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Pavlek LR, Rivera BK, Smith CV, Randle J, Hanlon C, Small K, Bell EF, Rysavy MA, Conroy S, Backes CH. Eligibility Criteria and Representativeness of Randomized Clinical Trials That Include Infants Born Extremely Premature: A Systematic Review. J Pediatr 2021; 235:63-74.e12. [PMID: 33894262 PMCID: PMC9348995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the eligibility criteria and trial characteristics among contemporary (2010-2019) randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that included infants born extremely preterm (<28 weeks of gestation) and to evaluate whether eligibility criteria result in underrepresentation of high-risk subgroups (eg, infants born at <24 weeks of gestation). STUDY DESIGN PubMed and Scopus were searched January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2019, with no language restrictions. RCTs with mean or median gestational ages at birth of <28 weeks of gestation were included. The study followed the PRISMA guidelines; outcomes were registered prospectively. Data extraction was performed independently by multiple observers. Study quality was evaluated using a modified Jadad scale. RESULTS Among RCTs (n = 201), 32 552 infants were included. Study participant characteristics, interventions, and outcomes were highly variable. A total of 1603 eligibility criteria were identified; rationales were provided for 18.8% (n = 301) of criteria. Fifty-five RCTs (27.4%) included infants <24 weeks of gestation; 454 (1.4%) infants were identified as <24 weeks of gestation. CONCLUSIONS The present study identifies sources of variability across RCTs that included infants born extremely preterm and reinforces the critical need for consistent and transparent policies governing eligibility criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leeann R. Pavlek
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital,Department of Pediatrics and The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Brian K. Rivera
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital
| | - Charles V. Smith
- Center for Integrated Brain Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Joanie Randle
- Ohio Perinatal Research Network at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Cory Hanlon
- Ohio Perinatal Research Network at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Kristi Small
- Ohio Perinatal Research Network at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Edward F. Bell
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Matthew A. Rysavy
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Sara Conroy
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University,Biostatistics Resource at Nationwide Children’s Hospital
| | - Carl H. Backes
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital,Department of Pediatrics and The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH,Ohio Perinatal Research Network at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH,Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center,The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH
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14
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Gaertner VD, Waldmann AD, Davis PG, Bassler D, Springer L, Thomson J, Tingay DG, Rüegger CM. Transmission of Oscillatory Volumes into the Preterm Lung during Noninvasive High-Frequency Ventilation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 203:998-1005. [PMID: 33095994 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202007-2701oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: There is increasing evidence for a clinical benefit of noninvasive high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (nHFOV) in preterm infants. However, it is still unknown whether the generated oscillations are effectively transmitted to the alveoli.Objectives: To assess magnitude and regional distribution of oscillatory volumes (VOsc) at the lung level.Methods: In 30 prone preterm infants enrolled in a randomized crossover trial comparing nHFOV with nasal continuous positive airway pressure, electrical impedance tomography recordings were performed. During nHFOV, the smallest amplitude to achieve visible chest wall vibration was used, and the frequency was set at 8 hertz.Measurements and Main Results: Thirty consecutive breaths during artifact-free tidal ventilation were extracted for each of the 228 electrical impedance tomography recordings. After application of corresponding frequency filters, Vt and VOsc were calculated. There was a signal at 8 and 16 Hz during nHFOV, which was not detectable during nasal continuous positive airway pressure, corresponding to the set oscillatory frequency and its second harmonic. During nHFOV, the mean (SD) VOsc/Vt ratio was 0.20 (0.13). Oscillations were more likely to be transmitted to the non-gravity-dependent (mean difference [95% confidence interval], 0.041 [0.025-0.058]; P < 0.001) and right-sided lung (mean difference [95% confidence interval], 0.040 [0.019-0.061]; P < 0.001) when compared with spontaneous Vt.Conclusions: In preterm infants, VOsc during nHFOV are transmitted to the lung. Compared with the regional distribution of tidal breaths, oscillations preferentially reach the right and non-gravity-dependent lung. These data increase our understanding of the physiological processes underpinning nHFOV and may lead to further refinement of this novel technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent D Gaertner
- Newborn Research, Department of Neonatology, University Hospital and University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas D Waldmann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Peter G Davis
- Newborn Research Centre and Neonatal Services, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dirk Bassler
- Newborn Research, Department of Neonatology, University Hospital and University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Laila Springer
- Department of Neonatology, University Children's Hospital, Tübingen, Germany; and
| | - Jessica Thomson
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David G Tingay
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neonatology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christoph M Rüegger
- Newborn Research, Department of Neonatology, University Hospital and University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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15
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Dumpa V, Bhandari V. Non-Invasive Ventilatory Strategies to Decrease Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia-Where Are We in 2021? CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8020132. [PMID: 33670260 PMCID: PMC7918044 DOI: 10.3390/children8020132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in neonatology have led to the increased survival of extremely low-birth weight infants. However, the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) has not improved proportionally, partly due to increased survival of extremely premature infants born at the late-canalicular stage of lung development. Due to minimal surfactant production at this stage, these infants are at risk for severe respiratory distress syndrome, needing prolonged ventilation. While the etiology of BPD is multifactorial with antenatal, postnatal, and genetic factors playing a role, ventilator-induced lung injury is a major, potentially modifiable, risk factor implicated in its causation. Infants with BPD are at a higher risk of developing complications including sepsis, pulmonary arterial hypertension, respiratory failure, and death. Long-term problems include increased risk of hospital readmissions, respiratory infections, and asthma-like symptoms during infancy and childhood. Survivors who have BPD are also at increased risk of poor neurodevelopmental outcomes. While the ultimate solution for avoiding BPD lies in the prevention of preterm births, strategies to decrease its incidence are the need of the hour. It is time to focus on gentler modes of ventilation and the use of less invasive surfactant administration techniques to mitigate lung injury, thereby potentially decreasing the burden of BPD. In this article, we discuss the use of non-invasive ventilation in premature infants, with an emphasis on studies showing an effect on BPD with different modes of non-invasive ventilation. Practical considerations in the use of nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation are also discussed, considering the significant heterogeneity in clinical practices and management strategies in its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikramaditya Dumpa
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, NYU Langone Hospital Long Island, Mineola, NY 11501, USA;
| | - Vineet Bhandari
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, The Children’s Regional Hospital at Cooper, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +856-342-6156 or +856-342-2000 (ext. 1089752); Fax: +856-342-8007
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16
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Moretti C, Lista G, Carnielli V, Gizzi C. Flow-synchronized NIPPV with double-inspiratory loop cannula: An in vitro study. Pediatr Pulmonol 2021; 56:400-408. [PMID: 33169945 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although short binasal prongs (SBP) are the most common interface for noninvasive ventilation, the "double-inspiratory loop cannulas" (DILC) have recently been introduced into many neonatal intensive care units. DILC show advantages over SBP, including reduced nasal trauma and increased comfort. However, their higher intrinsic resistance may compromise ventilation. Our aim was to test a new, low resistance DILC interface. METHODS A test lung was programmed to simulate preterm neonates (500-2000 g BW) with moderate-to-severe respiratory distress syndrome. The artificial nose was designed to keep prongs-to-nares leaks to around 30%. Giulia® ventilator (GINEVRI srl) was used to provide nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) and flow synchronized nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV). NCPAP was set at 4-10 cmH2 O and synchronized-NIPPV (SNIPPV) at peak inspiratory pressure, 15-20-25 cmH2 O; inspiratory time, 0.3-0.5 s; and positive end-expiratory pressure, 5-8 cmH2 O. Four sizes of Sync-flow Cannula® (GINEVRI srl) were tested. The Sync-flow Cannula® was compared with Neotech RAM® cannula and Ginevri SBP®. The outcome measures were the flow/pressure relationship through the four Sync-flow Cannula® sizes, the difference in resistance, the drop in ventilator-alveoli pressure measured by the test lung and the system response time during flow-SNIPPV. RESULTS The smaller DILC sizes had the lowest flow-pressure ratio. The resistance of the RAM® cannula was significantly higher compared to the other interfaces (p < .001). With 30% leaks, there was a 4-38% ventilator-alveoli drop in pressure, depending on interface size. The system response time was excellent (~65-70 ms). CONCLUSIONS With about 30% leaks, the Sync-flow Cannula® interfaces result in good pressure transmission and give optimal performance for flow-SNIPPV. Clinical studies are needed to confirm the clinical relevance of these data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Moretti
- Emeritus Consultant in Paediatrics, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Lista
- Departmet of Pediatrics, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Neonatology, "V. Buzzi"-Ospedale dei Bambini-ASST-FBF-Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Virgilio Carnielli
- Department of Odontostomatologic and Specialized Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Marche, Italy.,Department of Mother and Child Health, "G. Salesi" Children's Hospital-Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Marche, Italy
| | - Camilla Gizzi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Neonatology, "San Giovanni Calibita" Fatebenefratelli Hospital - Isola Tiberina, Rome, Italy
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17
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Wu HL, Lei YQ, Xie WP, Chen Q, Zheng YR. Nasal High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation vs. Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure as Therapy for Postextubation Respiratory Failure in Infants After Congenital Heart Surgery. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:700632. [PMID: 34485193 PMCID: PMC8415451 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.700632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of nasal high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (NHFOV) vs. nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) on postextubation respiratory failure (PRF) in infants after congenital heart surgery (CHS). Method: Eighty infants underwent postoperative invasive mechanical ventilation for more than 12 h and planned extubation. The infants were randomized to undergo either NHFOV or NCPAP after extubation. Primary outcomes were the incidence of PRF and reintubation, the average PaCO2 level, the average oxygenation index (OI), and pulmonary recruitment in the early extubation phase. Secondary outcomes included the NCPAP/NHFOV time, length of hospital stay, treatment intolerance, signs of discomfort, pneumothorax, adverse hemodynamic effects, nasal trauma, and mortality. Results: Except for PaCO2 within 12 after extubation (39.3 ± 5.8 vs. 43.6 ± 7.3 mmHg, p = 0.05), there was no statistically significant difference for any of the primary outcome measure (PRF, reintubation within 12 h after extubation, oxygenation index within 12 h after extubation, or lung volumes on X-ray after extubation) or secondary outcome measures (duration of non-invasive ventilation, duration of hospital stay, ventilation intolerance, signs of discomfort, pneumothorax, nasal trauma, adverse hemodynamic effects, or death prior to discharge), p > 0.1 for each comparison. Conclusion: NHFOV therapy after extubation in infants after CHS was more efficient in improving CO2 cleaning than NCPAP therapy, but there was no difference in other outcomes (PRF, reintubation, oxygenation index, and pulmonary recruitment).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Lin Wu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Children's Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Women and Children's Critical Diseases Research, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yu-Qing Lei
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Children's Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Women and Children's Critical Diseases Research, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wen-Peng Xie
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Children's Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Women and Children's Critical Diseases Research, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Children's Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Women and Children's Critical Diseases Research, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yi-Rong Zheng
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Children's Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Women and Children's Critical Diseases Research, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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18
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Nasal HFOV versus nasal IPPV as a post-extubation respiratory support in preterm infants-a randomised controlled trial. Eur J Pediatr 2021; 180:3151-3160. [PMID: 33890156 PMCID: PMC8062142 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-021-04084-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Early and successful extubation prevents several morbidities in preterm newborns. Several secondary non-invasive respiratory modalities exist but with their merits and demerits. Given the benefits of nasal high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (nHFOV), we tried to examine whether nHFOV could reduce reintubation rates compared to nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) during the post-extubation phase in preterm infants. Stratified randomisation based on gestational age was done for 86 mechanically ventilated preterm infants between 26 and 36+6 weeks of gestation within 2 weeks of age to receive either nHFOV or NIPPV post-extubation. The main objective was to compare extubation failure within 72 h following extubation and secondarily feed intolerance, intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) (> grade 3), composite bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)/mortality, composite duration of oxygen supplementation/ventilation support and SpO2/FiO2 ratio. No statistical difference was noted for primary outcome (RR 0.8, 95% CI: 0.23 to 2.78; p = 1.00) and secondary outcomes. However, nHFOV appeared possibly better in respect to feed tolerance rates and pCO2 washout.Conclusion: Extubation failure within 72 h in infants less than 37 weeks of gestation did not differ between the two groups. However, nHFOV seems promising in reducing enteral feeding issues and pCO2 elimination. Larger multicentre studies are required for exploring benefits of nHFOV.Trial registration: www.ctri.nic.in id CTRI/2019/07/020055, registration date July 5, 2019 What is Known: • NIPPV is superior to nCPAP as a secondary mode of respiratory support. • Synchronisation is preferred for optimum ventilation. What is New: • nHFOV, a novel non-invasive respiratory modality without need for synchronisation, appears promising as a secondary mode subject to further trials. • It seems promising in reducing enteral feeding issues and pCO2 elimination.
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19
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Cao H, Li H, Zhu X, Wang L, Yi M, Li C, Chen L, Shi Y. Three non-invasive ventilation strategies for preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome: a propensity score analysis. Arch Med Sci 2020; 16:1319-1326. [PMID: 33224330 PMCID: PMC7667431 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2020.93541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present study was designed and conducted to compare the efficacy between nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP), nasal intermittent positive-pressure ventilation (NIPPV), and noninvasive high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (NHFOV) as the primary noninvasive ventilation in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). MATERIAL AND METHODS This multicenter retrospective cohort study was performed using data from four tertiary neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in China between 2016 and 2018. 512 preterm infants with RDS who received early non-invasive ventilation (NIV) were analyzed. Propensity score analysis with 1 : 1 matching was performed with the nearest neighbor matching method using calipers of width equal to 0.1 of the standard deviation of the logit of the propensity score. The primary outcome was the need for intubation and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) within the first 7 days after birth. Secondary outcomes were days of hospitalization, predischarge mortality, rate of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) > stage II, rate of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) at 36 weeks post-menstrual age, rate of air leaks, rate of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) ≥ grade 3, and rate of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) ≥ stage II. RESULTS Propensity score matching identified 126 infants in each cohort (NHFOV vs. NIPPV), 96 infants in each cohort (NHFOV vs. NCPAP), 134 infants in each cohort (NIPPV vs. NCPAP) respectively. The need for IMV was significantly lower in the NHFOV as compared with NCPAP and NIPPV groups respectively (13/126 vs. 27/126, p = 0.016; 9/96 vs. 20/96, p = 0.027), while no difference was observed between NIPPV and NCPAP groups (25/134 vs. 25/134, p = 0.805). However, the number of days of hospitalization in NIPPV was significantly lower than that of the NCPAP group (24.8 ±14.6 days vs. 33.2 ±20.2 days p = 0.002). In subgroup analyses, the need for IMV was significantly lower in the NHFOV group than in the NCPAP and NIPPV group (7 : 79 vs. 15 : 74; 95% CI: 1.00-6.836; p = 0.044 and 11 : 102 vs. 22 : 98; 95% CI: 1.092-5.251; p = 0.026), and there was no difference between NIPPV and NCPAP in the preterm infants at ≤ 32 weeks' gestational age. There were no significant differences among three groups (p > 0.05 respectively) regarding secondary outcomes. CONCLUSIONS In this multicenter retrospective cohort study, NHFOV significantly reduced the need for IMV within the first 7 days as compared to NCPAP and NIPPV in the treatment of preterm infants with RDS without increasing the incidence of adverse events. However, NIPPV was not found to be superior to NCPAP for decreasing the need for IMV in the treatment of preterm infants with RDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Cao
- Department of Neonatology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders; Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Huanhuan Li
- Department of Neonatology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders; Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Xingwang Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Jiulongpo People’s Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ming Yi
- Department of Pediatrics, Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuanfeng Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Qujing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Yunnan, China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Neonatology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders; Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Shi
- Department of Neonatology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders; Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
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20
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Sivieri EM, Eichenwald EC, Rub DM, Abbasi S. An in-line high frequency flow interrupter applied to nasal CPAP: Improved carbon dioxide clearance in a premature infant lung model. Pediatr Pulmonol 2019; 54:1974-1981. [PMID: 31469253 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Noninvasive respiratory support continues to have high failure rates in small preterm infants. We previously demonstrated significantly improved in vitro CO2 washout by applying oscillations to a high flow nasal cannula system. OBJECTIVE To develop a high frequency flow interrupter that could be applied to commonly used nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) devices and to determine the effect of oscillations on end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2 ) levels in an infant lung model. DESIGN/METHODS NCPAP was applied to a premature infant lung simulator using either bubble (BCPAP) or variable-flow (VCPAP) CPAP. Supply gas was interrupted with a solenoid pinch valve. EtCO2 was measured before and during oscillation and repeated at 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 Hz oscillation and CPAP pressures of 4, 6, and 8 cm H 2 O. RESULTS BCPAP and VCPAP EtCO2 levels decreased with oscillation (P < .001). BCPAP EtCO2 was significantly dependent on oscillation frequency (P < .001) with decreases of 18% to 47% and maximum effect at 10 Hz. Optimum VCPAP CO2 clearance occurred at 6 Hz with reductions of 30% and 39% at 6 and 8 cm H2 O CPAP respectively. BCPAP and VCPAP mean airway pressures remained unchanged transitioning from nonoscillation to oscillation. Oscillated BCPAP and VCPAP average amplitudes were 8.3 ± 0.5 and 8.4 ± 2.3 SD cm H2 O, respectively. Power spectrum analysis of non-oscillated BCPAP showed bubbling-only dominant peaks at 10 to 12 Hz corresponding with the maximum BCPAP EtCO2 reductions. CONCLUSION Application of high frequency oscillation to NCPAP improves CO2 clearance in a premature infant lung model. This simple modification to NCPAP delivery devices may prove to be an effective enhancement of this mode of noninvasive respiratory support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emidio M Sivieri
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Newborn Care at Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Eric C Eichenwald
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Newborn Care at Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David M Rub
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Soraya Abbasi
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Newborn Care at Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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21
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Haidar Shehadeh AM. Non-invasive high flow oscillatory ventilation in comparison with nasal continuous positive pressure ventilation for respiratory distress syndrome, a literature review. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2019; 34:2900-2909. [PMID: 31590589 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2019.1671332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Noninvasive high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (NHFOV) keeps the lung open with add-on effective rhythmic oscillations in addition to allowing spontaneous breathing. This review aims at reconstructing the different pieces of available research articles and evidence into a more solid collective evidence for NHFOV in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). METHODS A thorough systemic search was conducted in Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar, CINAHL, and Cochrane. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on preterm infants with RDS comparing NHFOV with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) in terms of PCO2 change, need for ventilation, duration of respiratory support, mortality air leak, or BPD were included. Data quality assessment and meta-analyses were carried out. RESULTS Five RCTs involving 270 preterm infants included in the review. PCO2 relatively decreased on NHFOV (MD = 3.84, confidence interval (CI) 7.32-0.35, p = .03). On the other hand, relative risk (RR) of intubation was unquestionably decreased with NHFOV in comparison with NCPAP (RR = 0.43, CI 0.25-0.75, p = .003) without statistical heterogeneity I2 = 0%. Although the risk of mortality was less in NHFOV, the difference was statistically insignificant (RR = 0.72, CI 0.24-2.18, p = .56). Other outcomes reported in single studies only. Duration of respiratory support was significantly shorter in NHFOV compared with NCPAP (37.35 ± 8.96 versus 49.77 ± 10.33, p = .009), whereas air leak and BPD were reported in very few cases without a significant difference between the two interventions. CONCLUSIONS NHFOV improved the PCO2 elimination and decreased the risk of intubation without a significant change in mortality compared with NCPAP.
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Hodgson KA, Manley BJ, Davis PG. Is Nasal High Flow Inferior to Continuous Positive Airway Pressure for Neonates? Clin Perinatol 2019; 46:537-551. [PMID: 31345545 DOI: 10.1016/j.clp.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Nasal high-flow therapy (nHF) is increasingly used for neonates, with perceived benefits including reduced rates of nasal trauma and parent and nursing staff preference. Current evidence suggests that although nHF is a reasonable alternative for postextubation support of preterm infants, continuous positive airway pressure is a superior modality for primary support of respiratory distress syndrome. Minimal evidence exists for use of nHF in extremely preterm infants less than 28 weeks' gestation. Depending on clinician preference, units may still choose nHF in some settings, although careful choice of appropriate patients, and availability of rescue continuous positive airway pressure, is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate A Hodgson
- Neonatal Services, Newborn Research Centre, The Royal Women's Hospital, Level 7, 20 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Brett J Manley
- Neonatal Services, Newborn Research Centre, The Royal Women's Hospital, Level 7, 20 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Australia
| | - Peter G Davis
- Neonatal Services, Newborn Research Centre, The Royal Women's Hospital, Level 7, 20 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Australia
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Schäfer C, Schumann S, Fuchs H, Klotz D. Carbon dioxide diffusion coefficient in noninvasive high-frequency oscillatory ventilation. Pediatr Pulmonol 2019; 54:759-764. [PMID: 30997755 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The carbon dioxide (CO2 ) diffusion coefficient (DCO 2 ) reflects CO 2 removal during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV). We hypothesized that despite leak flow during noninvasive HFOV (nHFOV) DCO 2 continues to indicate ventilation efficacy. METHODS A neonatal airway model including CO2 production and an adjustable oropharyngeal leak was connected to a ventilator via bi-nasal prongs. Pressures and gas flows were measured at prongs, trachea, and leak. Oscillatory tidal volumes below (V T trachea ) and above the leak (V T prong ) were calculated from tracheal and leak flows. DCO 2 was calculated using V T trachea (DCO 2 trachea ) and V T prong (DCO 2 prong ) and compared with CO 2 partial pressure (pCO 2 ). Effects of leak flow (0, 5, or 10 L/min) on DCO 2 were assessed at fixed pressure amplitudes or predefined oscillatory volumes under steady-state pCO 2 conditions in the modeled lung. RESULTS DCO2 trachea correlated strongly with pCO 2 , independent of the leak flow level (P < 0.0001). DCO 2 prong correlated with pCO 2 without and with moderate leak (P < 0.0001) but not with maximum leak (P = 0.1432). V T trachea correlated with the quotient of tracheal pressure amplitude and frequency irrespective of the leak (P < 0.0001). Based on the pressure amplitude at prong level (A prong ) V T trachea continued to follow a linear model of which the slopes decreased with increasing leak flow. V T prong correlated with the quotient of A prong and frequency, irrespective of the leak (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS DCO2 obtained at the airway opening at prong level reflects ventilation efficacy during nHFOV even in the presence of moderate oropharyngeal leak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Schäfer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Schumann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hans Fuchs
- Division of Neonatology, Center for Pediatrics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Klotz
- Division of Neonatology, Center for Pediatrics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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24
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Sivieri EM, Eichenwald E, Bakri SM, Abbasi S. Effect of high frequency oscillatory high flow nasal cannula on carbon dioxide clearance in a premature infant lung model: A bench study. Pediatr Pulmonol 2019; 54:436-443. [PMID: 30549451 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study compared CO2 clearance in a premature infant lung model connected to a high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) system supplied with oscillatory versus non-oscillatory flow. DESIGN/METHODS The lung model was set to compliance 1.0 mL/cmH2 O, RR 60 breaths/min, and 6 mL tidal volume. A 100% CO2 was injected at a constant 15 mL/min. To create oscillation, HFNC flow was interrupted at rates of 4-6-8 and 10 Hz. equilibrated end-tidal CO2 (ETCO2 ) was recorded with and without oscillation at set flows of 2-8 L/min and repeated for each oscillation frequency. RESULTS Overall ETCO2 decreased significantly (P < 0.001) during both non-oscillatory and oscillatory HFNC as set flow increased from 2 to 8 L/min by 26.3% and 60.8%, respectively. Oscillatory ETCO2 levels decreased linearly compared to non-oscillatory HFNC with negligible difference at 2 L/min and a 48.4% difference at 8 L/min (P < 0.001). There were no differences in ETCO2 levels between oscillation frequencies at any flow except at 6 Hz for which ETCO2 was significantly lower (P < 0.01) than at 4, 8, and 10 Hz for 5-8 L/min HFNC flows. Amplitude of volume oscillations increased with increasing flow from 0.5 mL at 2 L/min to 4.0 mL at 8 L/min (P < 0.001), and decreased with increasing oscillation frequency. CONCLUSION Oscillatory HFNC as compared to non-oscillatory was associated with significantly improved CO2 clearance in this premature infant lung model. This simple modification of the HFNC system may prove to be a useful enhancement to this mode of non-invasive respiratory support for preterm infants at high risk for respiratory failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emidio M Sivieri
- CHOP Newborn Care at Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Eric Eichenwald
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Salma M Bakri
- CHOP Newborn Care at Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Soraya Abbasi
- CHOP Newborn Care at Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Li J, Li X, Huang X, Zhang Z. Noninvasive high-frequency oscillatory ventilation as respiratory support in preterm infants: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Respir Res 2019; 20:58. [PMID: 30876411 PMCID: PMC6420773 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-1023-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Noninvasive high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (nHFOV), a relatively new modality, is gaining popularity despite scarce evidence. This meta-analysis was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of nHFOV as respiratory support in premature infants. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane CENTRAL from inception of the database to January 2019. All published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effect of nHFOV therapy with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) or biphasic nCPAP (BP-CPAP) in newborns for respiratory support were included. All meta-analyses were performed using Review Manager 5.3. RESULTS A total of 8 RCTs involving 463 patients were included. The meta-analysis estimated a lower risk of intubation (relative risk = 0.50, 95% confidence interval of 0.36 to 0.70) and more effective clearance of carbon dioxide (weighted mean difference = - 4.61, 95% confidence interval of - 7.94 to - 1.28) in the nHFOV group than in the nCPAP/BP-CPAP group. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis of RCTs suggests that nHFOV, as respiratory support in preterm infants, significantly remove carbon dioxide and reduce the risk of intubation compared with nCPAP/BP-CPAP. The appropriate parameter settings for different types of noninvasive high-frequency ventilators, the effect of nHFOV in extremely preterm infants, and the long-term safety of nHFOV need to be assessed in large trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Neonatology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China, No. 261 Huansha Road, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang, 310002, China
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Neonatology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China, No. 261 Huansha Road, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang, 310002, China
| | - Xianmei Huang
- Department of Neonatology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China, No. 261 Huansha Road, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang, 310002, China
| | - Zhiqun Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China, No. 261 Huansha Road, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang, 310002, China.
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