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Asano S, Fukushima N, Yamada K. The efficacy and safety of intravenous immunoglobulin infusion in 12 h for the initial treatment of Kawasaki disease. Pediatr Neonatol 2024:S1875-9572(24)00003-2. [PMID: 38281860 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2023.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 10-20 % of individuals develop a recrudescent or persistent fever after intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) infusion for the initial treatment of Kawasaki disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the initial IVIG treatment of Kawasaki disease based on duration of infusion. METHODS This retrospective, single-center study included 53 patients with Kawasaki disease who were initially treated with 2 g/kg of IVIG by means of a single infusion from June 2018 to August 2019. We classified patients into two groups based on the duration of the infusion: the 12-h group and the 24-h group. We compared the treatment response of the primary IVIG and its adverse events using the Mann-Whitney U test and Fisher's exact or Chi-square tests. RESULTS There were no significant differences in the response to initial IVIG treatment between the two groups. The duration from treatment onset to defervescence was shorter in the 12-h group than the 24-h group (7 h vs. 12 h, respectively, p = 0.07); however, this was not significant. There were no significant between-group differences regarding adverse events. CONCLUSION We concluded that the initial 12-h IVIG treatment was comparable to the 24-h treatment in terms of efficacy and safety. This will enable physicians to feel confident about pursuing a shorter course of treatment with similar results as conventional treatment and decide on administering additional therapy to their patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Asano
- Department of Pediatrics, Hiratsuka City Hospital, 1-19-1 Minamihara, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa-ken, Japan
| | - Naoya Fukushima
- Department of Pediatrics, Hiratsuka City Hospital, 1-19-1 Minamihara, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa-ken, Japan.
| | - Kenichiro Yamada
- Department of Pediatrics, Hiratsuka City Hospital, 1-19-1 Minamihara, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa-ken, Japan
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Nadig PL, Joshi V, Pilania RK, Kumrah R, Kabeerdoss J, Sharma S, Suri D, Rawat A, Singh S. Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Kawasaki Disease-Evolution and Pathogenic Mechanisms. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2338. [PMID: 37510082 PMCID: PMC10378342 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13142338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute vasculitis of childhood that affects the medium vessels with a special predilection to the involvement of coronary arteries. The major morbidity of this disease is due to coronary artery aneurysm, which occurs in about 25-30% of untreated cases. For decades now, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) has consistently been shown to reduce the risk of CAAs to less than 5%. However, the mechanism of immunomodulation remains unclear. Several studies on the role of IVIg in the modulation of toll-like receptor pathways, autophagy, and apoptosis of the mononuclear phagocytic system, neutrophil extracellular trap, and dendritic cell modulation suggest a modulatory effect on the innate immune system. Similarly, certain studies have shown its effect on T-cell differentiation, cytokine release, and regulatory T-cell function. In this review, we discuss the potential mechanisms underlying the immunomodulatory actions of IVIg in patients with Kawasaki disease. Furthermore, we provide a summary of the evidence regarding various infusion protocols and dosages utilized in the treatment of KD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi L Nadig
- Pediatric Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Vibhu Joshi
- Pediatric Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Pilania
- Pediatric Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Rajni Kumrah
- Pediatric Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Jayakanthan Kabeerdoss
- Pediatric Biochemistry Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Saniya Sharma
- Pediatric Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Deepti Suri
- Pediatric Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Amit Rawat
- Pediatric Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Surjit Singh
- Pediatric Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
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Suzuki T, Michihata N, Yoshikawa T, Saito K, Matsui H, Fushimi K, Yasunaga H. Low- versus high-concentration intravenous immunoglobulin for children with Kawasaki disease in the acute phase. Int J Rheum Dis 2022; 25:576-583. [PMID: 35258165 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.14309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Few studies have compared the effects of low-concentration (5%) and high-concentration (10%) intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) preparations for patients with Kawasaki disease (KD) in the acute phase. The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes between low- and high-concentration IVIG preparations in children with KD, using a national inpatient database in Japan. METHOD We used the Diagnostic Procedure Combination database to identify patients with KD treated with IVIG from April 2012 to March 2020. We identified those receiving high- and low-concentration IVIG preparations as an initial treatment. The outcomes included the proportions of patients with coronary artery abnormalities (CAAs) and IVIG resistance, length of stay, and medical costs. Propensity score-matched analyses were conducted to compare the outcomes between the 2 groups. Instrumental variable analyses were performed to confirm the results. RESULT We identified 48 046 patients with KD and created 4:1 propensity score-matched pairs between the low- and high-concentration IVIG groups. There was a significant difference in the percentage with IVIG resistance between the 2 groups (20.6% vs 24.1%; risk difference, 3.5% [95% confidence interval, 2.3-4.7]; P < .001). However, there was no significant difference in CAAs (1.6% vs 1.6%; risk difference, 0.013% [95% confidence interval, -0.34 to 0.37]; P = .953). The instrumental variable analyses showed similar results. CONCLUSIONS The proportion of CAAs did not differ significantly between those receiving low- and high-concentration IVIG. To confirm the results of this study, prospective studies adjusting for duration of IVIG administration and duration of observation are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Suzuki
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Michihata
- Department of Health Services Research, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kazuyoshi Saito
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroki Matsui
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyohide Fushimi
- Department of Health Policy and Informatics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Yasunaga
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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High-Concentration Intravenous Immunoglobulin May Influence the Course of Fever and Rate of Reported Treatment Resistance in Children With Kawasaki Disease: A Single-Center Retrospective Analysis. Paediatr Drugs 2022; 24:689-697. [PMID: 36156791 PMCID: PMC9510556 DOI: 10.1007/s40272-022-00537-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) resistance in patients with Kawasaki disease (KD) is defined as persistent or recrudescent fever ≥36 hours after IVIG infusion. We have experienced an increase in IVIG resistance in patients with KD since the substitution of 10% IVIG for 5% IVIG. This study aimed to determine the independent association between increased IVIG resistance and 10% IVIG therapy. METHODS Medical records of pediatric patients with KD were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical and laboratory characteristics were compared between patients receiving 5% IVIG therapy and those receiving 10% IVIG therapy. Between IVIG-responsive and IVIG-resistant patients, a multivariate analysis was performed to determine the independent factors for IVIG resistance. RESULTS A total of 119 patients were included in this study: 81 (68.1%) and 38 (31.9%) patients received 5% and 10% IVIG therapy, respectively. IVIG resistance was identified in 34 (28.6%) patients: 44.7% of patients receiving 10% IVIG therapy and 21.0% of patients receiving 5% IVIG therapy (p = 0.008). The clinical manifestations and outcomes were comparable between patients who received 5% IVIG therapy and those who received 10% IVIG therapy. IVIG resistance was significantly associated with fewer fever days at IVIG administration (p = 0.032), a higher percentage of neutrophils (p = 0.013), and 10% IVIG treatment (p = 0.004) in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION 10% IVIG therapy was significantly associated with increased reporting of IVIG resistance. However, the increase in patients with fever patterns consistent with IVIG resistance seemed to represent adverse febrile reactions resulting from using high-concentration IVIG rather than increased severity of KD.
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Fukui S, Seki M, Minami T, Kotani K, Oka K, Yokomizo A, Matsubara D, Sato T, Nozaki Y, Saito M, Kikuchi Y, Miyamoto K, Monden Y, Yamagata T. Efficacy and safety associated with the infusion speed of intravenous immunoglobulin for the treatment of Kawasaki disease: a randomized controlled trial. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2021; 19:107. [PMID: 34217297 PMCID: PMC8254926 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-021-00601-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is the mainstay of treatment for Kawasaki disease (KD). Usually, 2 g/kg of IVIG is administered over 10-24 h, depending on the institution or physician, but the association between infusion speed and effectiveness has not been reported. In this study, we evaluated the differences in efficacy and safety between two different IVIG administration speeds. METHODS This was a multicenter, unblinded, randomized controlled study. Patients newly diagnosed with KD were randomized into two groups: one who received IVIG over 12 h (12H group, double speed), and one that received IVIG over 24 h (24H group, reference speed). The endpoints included the duration of fever, incidence of coronary artery abnormalities (CAAs) and of adverse events. Laboratory data were evaluated before and after IVIG administration. RESULTS A total of 39 patients were enrolled. There was no difference between groups in fever duration after the initiation of IVIG (21 h vs. 21.5 h, p = 0.325), and no patient experienced CAAs. Two adverse events were observed in the 12H group (elevation of aspartate aminotransferase and vomiting), however no severe adverse events requiring treatments or extension of hospital stay were observed in either group. After initial IVIG administration, the change ratio of inflammatory markers, such as white blood cell counts, neutrophils, C-reactive protein, and albumin, did not show significant differences between the two groups. On the other hand, a greater increase of serum immunoglobulin G from its baseline level was observed in the 24H group compared to the 12H group (3037 ± 648 mg/dl vs. 2414 ± 248 mg/dl, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION The efficacy and safety of IVIG administered over 12 h (double speed) were similar to those administered over 24 h (reference speed). TRIAL REGISTRATION University Hospital Medical Information Network ( UMIN000014665 ). Registered 27 July 2014 - Prospectively registered, https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000017058.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Fukui
- grid.410804.90000000123090000Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498 Japan ,Department of Pediatrics, Shin-Oyama City Hospital, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Seki
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan.
| | - Takaomi Minami
- grid.410804.90000000123090000Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498 Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Kotani
- grid.410804.90000000123090000Division of Community and Family Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kensuke Oka
- grid.410804.90000000123090000Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498 Japan
| | - Akiko Yokomizo
- grid.410804.90000000123090000Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498 Japan
| | - Daisuke Matsubara
- grid.410804.90000000123090000Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498 Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Sato
- grid.410804.90000000123090000Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498 Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Nozaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Shin-Oyama City Hospital, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Mari Saito
- Department of Pediatrics, Haga Red-Cross Hospital, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kikuchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Haga Red-Cross Hospital, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kenji Miyamoto
- grid.255137.70000 0001 0702 8004Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yukifumi Monden
- grid.410804.90000000123090000Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498 Japan ,grid.411731.10000 0004 0531 3030Department of Pediatrics, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takanori Yamagata
- grid.410804.90000000123090000Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498 Japan
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