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Akbel E, Kucukkurt I, Ince S, Demirel HH, Acaroz DA, Zemheri-Navruz F, Kan F. Investigation of protective effect of resveratrol and coenzyme Q 10 against cyclophosphamide-induced lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress and DNA damage in rats. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2024; 13:tfad123. [PMID: 38173543 PMCID: PMC10758596 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfad123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
It is seen that cyclophosphamide, which is used in treating many diseases, especially cancer, causes toxicity in studies, and its metabolites induce oxidative stress. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of resveratrol and Coenzyme Q10, known for their antioxidant properties, separately and together, against oxidative stress induced by cyclophosphamide. In this study, 35 Wistar albino male rats were divided into five groups. Groups; Control group, cyclophosphamide (CP) group (CP as 75 mg kg i.p. on day 14), coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) + CP group (20 mg/kg i.p. CoQ10 + 75 mg kg i.p. CP), resveratrol (Res) + CP group (20 mg/kg i.p. Res + 75 mg/kg i.p. CP), CoQ10 + Res + CP group (20 mg/kg i.p Res + 20 mg/kg i.p CoQ10 and 75 mg/kg i.p.CP). At the end of the experiment, the cholesterol, creatinine and urea levels of the group given CP increased, while a decrease was observed in the groups given Res and CoQ10. Malondialdehyde level was high, glutathione level, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were decreased in the blood and all tissues (liver, kidney, brain, heart and testis) of the CP given group. DNA damage and histopathological changes were also observed. In contrast, Res and CoQ10, both separately and together, reversed the CP-induced altered level and enzyme activities and ameliorated DNA damage and histopathological changes. In this study, the effects of Res and CoQ10 against CP toxicity were examined both separately and together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erten Akbel
- Usak Health Training School, Usak University, 64200, Uşak, Turkey
| | - Ismail Kucukkurt
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, 03200, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Sinan Ince
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, 03200, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | | | - Damla Arslan Acaroz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, 03200, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Fahriye Zemheri-Navruz
- Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bartın University, 74110, Bartın, Turkey
| | - Fahriye Kan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, 03200, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
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Rotimi DE, Elebiyo TC, Ojo OA. Therapeutic potential of rutin in male infertility: A mini review. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 21:130-135. [PMID: 36717303 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Male infertility has become a problem worldwide, and recent research has emphasized the development of more effective therapy options. Among natural compounds, rutin has been widely studied for its potential to treat dysfunction related to male infertility, including a reduction in sperm quality, spermatogenesis disruption and structural disruption in the testis. A thorough review of scientific literature published in several databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus, was used to synthesize the present state of research on the role of rutin in male reproductive health. Rutin has been shown to possess antiapoptotic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, among others, which are crucial in the management of male infertility. Numerous investigations have shown that rutin protects against male infertility and have explored the underlying mechanisms involved. The present review, therefore, assesses the therapeutic mechanisms involved in male infertility treatment using rutin. Rutin was able to mitigate the induced oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation, and related physiological processes that can cause testicular dysfunction. Please cite this article as: Rotimi DE, Elebiyo TC, Ojo OA. Therapeutic potential of rutin in male infertility: a mini review. J Integr Med. 2022; Epub ahead of print.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damilare Emmanuel Rotimi
- SDG 03 Group-Good Health & Well-being, Landmark University, Omu-Aran 251101, Kwara State, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Landmark University, Omu-Aran 251101, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Tobiloba Christiana Elebiyo
- SDG 03 Group-Good Health & Well-being, Landmark University, Omu-Aran 251101, Kwara State, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Landmark University, Omu-Aran 251101, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Oluwafemi Adeleke Ojo
- Phytomedicine, Molecular Toxicology, and Computational Biochemistry Research Laboratory (PMTCB-RL), Department of Biochemistry, Bowen University, Iwo 232101, Osun State, Nigeria.
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Li Y, Peng Q, Shang J, Dong W, Wu S, Guo X, Xie Z, Chen C. The role of taurine in male reproduction: Physiology, pathology and toxicology. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1017886. [PMID: 36742382 PMCID: PMC9889556 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1017886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Taurine, a sulfur-containing amino acid, has a wide range of biological effects, such as bile salt formation, osmotic regulation, oxidative stress inhibition, immunomodulation and neuromodulation. Taurine has been proved to be synthesized and abundant in male reproductive organs. Recently, accumulating data showed that taurine has a potential protective effect on reproductive function of male animals. In physiology, taurine can promote the endocrine function of the hypothalamus-pituitary-testis (HPT) axis, testicular tissue development, spermatogenesis and maturation, delay the aging of testicular structure and function, maintain the homeostasis of the testicular environment, and enhance sexual ability. In pathology, taurine supplement may be beneficial to alleviate pathological damage of male reproductive system, including oxidative damage of sperm preservation in vitro, testicular reperfusion injury and diabetes -induced reproductive complications. In addition, taurine acts as a protective agent against toxic damage to the male reproductive system by exogenous substances (e.g., therapeutic drugs, environmental pollutants, radiation). Related mechanisms include reduced oxidative stress, increased antioxidant capacity, inhibited inflammation and apoptosis, restored the secretory activity of the HPT axis, reduced chromosomal variation, enhanced sperm mitochondrial energy metabolism, cell membrane stabilization effect, etc. Therefore, this article reviewed the protective effect of taurine on male reproductive function and its detailed mechanism, in order to provide reference for further research and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Institute of Nursing and Health, School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Qianwen Peng
- Institute of Nursing and Health, School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Jia Shang
- Arts Department, School of Kaifeng Culture and Tourism, Henan, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wanglin Dong
- Institute of Nursing and Health, School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Sijia Wu
- Institute of Nursing and Health, School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Xiajun Guo
- Institute of Nursing and Health, School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Zhenxing Xie
- School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Henan, Kaifeng, China
| | - Chaoran Chen
- Institute of Nursing and Health, School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
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El-Gindy YM, Sabir SA, Zahran SM, Morshedy SA. The protective effect of aqueous orange peel extract against severe heat stress on reproductive efficiency, milk yield, and antioxidant status of female rabbits. J Therm Biol 2023; 111:103403. [PMID: 36585082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Heat stress in rabbits negatively affects their reproductive ability and milk yield. Aqueous orange peel extract (AOPE) is high in potential natural antioxidants that help avoid free radical damage and is a good source of phytochemicals. Based on these benefits, it was hypothesized that oral administration of AOPE could overcome the negative impacts of severe heat stress on reproductive and lactation performance, physiological parameters, and antioxidant status. To determine the protective effect of AOPE, 36 female rabbits (six-months-old, average body weight of 2.67 ± 0.03 kg) were given 1.50 mL water (control), and 2.50 or 5.00 mL AOPE every two days for four months. Oral AOPE administration significantly reduced the respiration rate (RR) and rectal temperature (RT) during pregnancy and lactation. The reproductive performance (litter size) and productive performance (litter weight and litter weight gain) were significantly increased by AOPE treatment, compared with the control. The highest milk yield was recorded in 5.00 mL AOPE treatment (5.00 mL). AOPE treatments significantly increased serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and AOPE treatment (5.00 mL) lowered serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) of heat-stressed rabbits. Serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was not affected by AOPE treatment. The addition of AOPE improved reproductive performance, physiological parameters, and antioxidant status, but did not have a beneficial effect on conception rate of female rabbits under severe heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassmine M El-Gindy
- Fish and Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Salem A Sabir
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Omer Al-Mukhtar University, Bieda, Libya
| | - Soliman M Zahran
- Fish and Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sabrin A Morshedy
- Fish and Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Yesil S, Ozdemir C, Arslan M, Gundogdu AC, Kavutcu M, Atan A. Protective effect of cerium oxide on testicular function and oxidative stress after torsion/detorsion in adult male rats. Exp Ther Med 2022; 25:1. [PMID: 36561629 PMCID: PMC9748645 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Testicular torsion (T)/detorsion (D) can cause testicular injury due to the rotation of the spermatic cord and its vessels, therefore it represents an urological emergency that is surgically treated. Oxidative damage occurs in the testis and distant organs because of the overproduction of free radicals and overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines by reperfusion after surgery. Cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles, a material also known as nanoceria, have regenerative antioxidant properties on oxidative stress. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of nanoceria on testis tissues in testicular T/D in rats. A total of 24 rats were equally and randomly divided into four groups: Control, CeO2, T/D and CeO2-T/D groups. Left inguinoscrotal incision was performed in the control group. In the CeO2 group, 0.5 mg/kg CeO2 was given intraperitoneally 30 min before inguinoscrotal incision. In the T/D group, unilateral testicular T/D was performed through an inguinoscrotal incision and rotating the left testis 720˚ clockwise, which was then left ischemic for 120 min, followed by 120 min of reperfusion. In the CeO2-T/D group, 0.5 mg/kg CeO2 was given intraperitoneally 30 min before testicular T/D. At the end of the experiment, testis tissues were removed for histopathological and biochemical examinations. The samples were histologically examined, Glutathione-s transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), paraoxonase (PON) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured via biochemical analysis methods, while the expression levels of p53, Bax and Bcl-2 were detected using immunohistochemistry. The present results revealed statistically significant inter-group differences in PON, CAT and GST activities and MDA levels. GST, CAT and PON activities were significantly higher, whereas MDA levels in the CeO2-T/D group were significantly lower compared with those in the T/D group. The T/D group had increased Bax and decreased Bcl-2 expression levels in their seminiferous tubules compared with the control and CeO2 groups. CeO2 treatment led to downregulation of Bax and upregulation of Bcl-2. The expression of p53 was high in the T/D group compared with that in the control and CeO2 groups, and was upregulated in all germinal cells. However, compared with that in the T/D group, p53 expression was significantly decreased in the CeO2-T/D group. The testicular injury score significantly increased in the CeO2-T/D group compared with the control and CeO2 groups. Rats in the CeO2-T/D group demonstrated significantly milder tissue lesions compared with those in T/D group. The present findings indicated that nanoceria may protect testis in rats against the harmful effects of T/D. Further studies are required to evaluate how CeO2 reduces oxidative stress and cell death in testis tissue that underwent T/D-related injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleyman Yesil
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Gazi University, 06510 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cagri Ozdemir
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Medical Faculty, Gazi University, 06510 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Arslan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Medical Faculty, Gazi University, 06510 Ankara, Turkey,Life Sciences Application and Research Center, Gazi University, 06510 Ankara, Turkey,Correspondence to: Dr Mustafa Arslan, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Medical Faculty, Gazi University, 29 Besevler Road, 06510 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayse Cakir Gundogdu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Kutahya Health Sciences University, 43050 Kutahya, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kavutcu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Gazi University, 06510 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Atan
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Gazi University, 06510 Ankara, Turkey
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Tasci A, Uguralp S, Akatli AN, Arslan AK, Karabulut AB. Long-term effects of orchiopexy and orchiectomy on the testes of rats with testicular torsion. J Pediatr Urol 2022; 18:376.e1-376.e7. [PMID: 35568660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ischemia/reperfusion injury occurs after testicular torsion, levels of free oxygen radicals and inflammatory cytokines are increased in both the torsional and contralateral testis, leading to testicular injury. OBJECTIVE The present study investigated whether orchiopexy or orchiectomy after testicular torsion was superior in terms of fertility potential in the long term. STUDY DESIGN Following 720°, 4 h left testicular torsion, orchiectomy or orchiopexy was performed on 84 rats, which were then sacrificed and evaluated for testicular function at day 1, at 3 months and 6 months (n = 14 per group). An additional 14 rats were in the control group. RESULTS Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone levels were significantly lower in the orchiopexy group than the orchiectomy and control groups after 3 months. However, there were no significant differences in hormone parameters among the three groups after 6 months. The hormone levels, Johnsen score, seminiferous tubule diameter, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression at 3 and 6 months were not significantly different between the orchiectomy group and controls. Histopathological analyses at 3 and 6 months indicated significant decreases in Johnsen score and seminiferous tubule diameter in the ipsilateral testis in the orchiopexy group. At 3 months, the level of iNOS expression in the contralateral testis was significantly lower in the orchiopexy group than in other groups. At 6 months, however, it was not significantly different between the orchiopexy and control groups. There were no significant differences in iNOS expression at 3 or 6 months in the orchiectomy group compared to controls. DISCUSSION The ipsilateral testis in the orchiopexy group began to atrophy at 3 months, and the degree of atrophy became more evident at 6 months. The level of iNOS expression was low in the bilateral testis at 3 months in the orchiopexy group, and sperm in the contralateral testis were not yet functionally healthy. The level of iNOS expression in the ipsilateral testis decreased further at 6 months in the orchiopexy group, while that in the contralateral testis returned to the normal level. CONCLUSION Testicular functions were restored faster after orchiectomy compared to orchiopexy following testicular torsion. However, follow-up of the rats for 6 months demonstrated that orchiopexy or orchiectomy procedures conducted on the testicular torsion had no effect on future fertility potential after 4 h of torsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aytac Tasci
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Turgut Ozal Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Sema Uguralp
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Turgut Ozal Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey.
| | - Ayse Nur Akatli
- Department of Pathology, Turgut Ozal Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Kadir Arslan
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Turgut Ozal Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Aysun Bay Karabulut
- Department of Biochemistry, Turgut Ozal Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
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Kim Y, Cho AY, Kim HC, Ryu D, Jo SA, Jung YS. Effects of Natural Polyphenols on Oxidative Stress-Mediated Blood–Brain Barrier Dysfunction. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020197. [PMID: 35204080 PMCID: PMC8868362 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB), which consists mainly of brain microvascular endothelial cells and astrocytes connected by tight junctions (TJs) and adhesion molecules (AMs), maintains the homeostatic balance between brain parenchyma and extracellular fluid. Accumulating evidence shows that BBB dysfunction is a common feature of neurodegenerative diseases, including stroke, traumatic brain injury, and Alzheimer’s disease. Among the various pathological pathways of BBB dysfunction, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known to play a key role in inducing BBB disruption mediated via TJ modification, AM induction, cytoskeletal reorganization, and matrix metalloproteinase activation. Thus, antioxidants have been suggested to exert beneficial effects on BBB dysfunction-associated brain diseases. In this review, we summarized the sources of ROS production in multiple cells that constitute or surround the BBB, such as BBB endothelial cells, astrocytes, microglia, and neutrophils. We also reviewed various pathological mechanisms by which BBB disruption is caused by ROS in these cells. Finally, we summarized the effects of various natural polyphenols on BBB dysfunction to suggest a therapeutic strategy for BBB disruption-related brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonjae Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea; (Y.K.); (A.Y.C.); (H.C.K.); (D.R.)
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - A Yeon Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea; (Y.K.); (A.Y.C.); (H.C.K.); (D.R.)
| | - Hong Cheol Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea; (Y.K.); (A.Y.C.); (H.C.K.); (D.R.)
| | - Dajung Ryu
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea; (Y.K.); (A.Y.C.); (H.C.K.); (D.R.)
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Sangmee Ahn Jo
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea;
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Yi-Sook Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea; (Y.K.); (A.Y.C.); (H.C.K.); (D.R.)
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-219-3444
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Varenicline limits ischemia reperfusion injury following testicular torsion in mice. J Pediatr Urol 2021; 17:631.e1-631.e8. [PMID: 34366251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Torsion of the spermatic cord and the resulting testicular ischemia leads to the production of inflammatory cytokines and cell death due to impaired aerobic metabolism. Following reperfusion of the testis, a robust innate inflammatory response furthers tissue injury due to the production of reactive oxygen species and disruption of normal capillary function. Blunting the innate immune response with antioxidants, anti-inflammatory medications and targeted genetic interventions reduces long term testicular injury in animal models of torsion, however these approaches have limited clinical applicability. Mediated via α7 nACh receptors, the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway limits NFKB signaling and prevents renal fibrosis following warm renal ischemia. We identified varenicline as an FDA approved α7 nAChR agonist and hypothesized that varenicline administration would decrease long-term testicular atrophy and fibrosis in a murine model of testicular torsion. METHODS Using an established model, unilateral testicular torsion was induced in mature male CD1 mice by rotating the right testicle 720° for 2 h. In the treatment group, 4 doses of varenicline (1mg/grm) were administered via intraperitoneal injection every 12 h, with the first dose given 1 h after the creation of testicular torsion. The acute inflammatory response was evaluated 48 h following reperfusion of the testis. Long term outcomes were evaluated 30 days following testicular perfusion. RESULTS 48 h following reperfusion, the testis of animals treated with varenicline demonstrated a significant reduction in the inflammatory response as measured by the acute immune cell infiltrate, myeloperoxidase activity, concentration of reduced glutathione and expression of downstream NF-KB targets. 30 days following reperfusion, animals treated with varenicline, demonstrated decreased testicular atrophy (Summary Figure), fibrosis and expression of pro-fibrotic genes. CONCLUSION Activation of a central immunosuppressive cascade with varenicline after the onset of testicular torsion reduces ischemia reperfusion injury and prevents long term testicular atrophy and fibrosis. Further studies are needed to define the optimum dose and varenicline administration regimen. Our results suggest that varenicline offers a novel, FDA approved, adjunct to the current management of testicular torsion.
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Kohsaka T, Yoneda Y, Yoshida T, Minagawa I, Pitia AM, Iwasawa A, Ikegaya N. Relaxin exerts a protective effect during ischemia-reperfusion in the rat model. Andrology 2021; 10:179-189. [PMID: 34435470 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testicular torsion, which causes ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, is a serious urological emergency that can lead to testicular dysfunction, including infertility, primarily among newborn and pubertal males; thus, effective drugs should be administered during or after ischemia. OBJECTIVES Using a rat model of testicular IR injury, the present study investigated the protective effects of relaxin (RLN) against oxidative stress, testicular dysfunction, inflammation, histological damage, arrested spermatogenesis, and germ cell apoptosis as well as explored the usefulness of RLN as a potential protective drug for IR injury combined with surgical treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to left testicular ischemia for 2 h, followed by 24 h of reperfusion. They were subsequently divided into three groups: sham, IR, and IR + RLN groups. Porcine RLN (500 ng/h) or saline was infused using an implanted osmotic mini-pump 90 min after inducing ischemia. The RLN dose used herein was that which resulted in serum RLN levels comparable to those in mid-pregnant rats based on previous studies. RESULTS Testicular IR increased germ cell apoptosis and histological damage as well as promoted disorganized and arrested spermatogenesis, accompanied by a significant increase in oxidative stress and inflammation. However, RLN administration ameliorated the adverse consequences associated with IR injury by attenuating oxidative stress and mitigating apoptosis and inflammation. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The study findings clearly demonstrated that RLN exerts a protective effect against IR-induced testicular injury by attenuating oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation, suggesting that RLN together with surgical treatment is a potentially efficacious approach toward ameliorating testicular dysfunction following testicular torsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Kohsaka
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | | | - Takuya Yoshida
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Itaru Minagawa
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ali M Pitia
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwasawa
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Naoki Ikegaya
- Department of Medicine, Yaizu Municipal General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
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Aydın A, Sönmez MG, Ecer G, Kılınç F, Kocabaş R, Atılgan AE, Oltulu P, Balasar M. The effect of intratesticular dexpanthenol on experimentally-induced testicular ischaemia/reperfusion injury. J Pediatr Urol 2021; 17:440.e1-440.e7. [PMID: 33883095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2021.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Testis torsion is a urological emergency and a serious situation that may cause testis atrophy, testicular dysfunction and infertility due to ischaemia/reperfusion(I/R) injury even with early intervention. OBJECTIVE To assess the protective effect of dexpanthenol administered intratesticular after detorsion against testis I/R injury. STUDY DESIGN Twenty-seven rats were randomly divided into 3 groups containing 9 rats each. The 1st group comprised the sham group with no procedure performed. The 2nd group had only torsion applied, while the 3rd group had torsion + dexpanthenol applied. Rats had 720° clockwise rotation applied to the left testis. After 2 h of ischaemia, testes were de-torsioned and the dexpanthenol group had 500 mg/kg dexpanthenol administered intratesticular after detorsion. After 4 h of reperfusion, rats had blood samples taken and orchiectomy was performed for histologic assessment. RESULTS A significant difference was detected in all parameters [necrosis(p:<0.001), Cosentino grade (p < 0.001), congestion (p:0.005), fibrosis (p:<0.001), interstitial oedema (p:0.017), JTBS score (p:<0.001), apoptosis (p < 0.001) and testosterone levels (p:0.006)] when the sham, torsion, and torsion + dexpanthenol groups were compared. Significant differences were observed for fibrosis (p:0.010), Cosentino score (p < 0.001), JTBS score (p:<0.001), apoptosis (p:0.001) and total testosterone levels (p:0.013) when torsion and torsion + dexpanthenol groups were compared. The torsion + dexpanthenol group was identified to have more preservation of testis function observed histologically and hormonally compared to the torsion group. DISCUSSION Dexpanthenol is used in many areas due to both epithelizing and antioxidant effects and lack of clear side effects. In spite of use of many chemical and biological agents to protect against testis I/R injury, none have entered routine use. This study showed that dexpanthenol, which can be easily injected intratesticular during detorsion surgery, has protective effect against histological and functional injury that may develop linked to testis I/R injury. The main limitations of the study are short duration of follow-up due to being a rat experiment and lack of comparison of lipid peroxidation products. CONCLUSION This study identified that dexpanthenol with clinically easy use by intratesticular injection after detorsion during surgery had a protective effect against histological and functional injury that will develop linked to I/R injury in the testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Aydın
- NEÜ Meram Medicine Faculty Department of Urology, Konya, Turkey.
| | | | - Gökhan Ecer
- NEÜ Meram Medicine Faculty Department of Urology, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Fahriye Kılınç
- NEÜ Meram Medicine Faculty Department of Pathology, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Rahim Kocabaş
- NEÜ Meram Medicine Faculty Konüdam Exp. Medicine&App. Res. Center, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Adeviye Elçi Atılgan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urogynecology, Medipol Mega University Hospital, Bağcılar, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Pembe Oltulu
- NEÜ Meram Medicine Faculty Department of Pathology, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Balasar
- NEÜ Meram Medicine Faculty Department of Urology, Konya, Turkey.
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Ablimit A, Abdureyim Z, Yang P, Azmat R, Shan W, Yao Q. Testicular AQP1 expression in a rat model of testicular Ischemia-Reperfusion injury. J Pediatr Urol 2021; 17:169.e1-169.e6. [PMID: 33358303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Aquaporin 1 (AQP1) is the archetype of all aquaporins and involved in rapid cellular water fluxes and cell volume regulation. AN OBJECTIVE This study was conducted for the investigation of AQP1 expression in normal testicular tissues and those with I/R injury in a rat model. STUDY DESIGN A TT rat model was established using male Wister rats (4 weeks old, 180-220 g), and AQP1 distribution in the testicular tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. The wet/dry (W/D) weight ratios of the testes were determined at 12 h, 24 h, 36 h, 48 h, or 5 days after the establishment of the TT model. At each time point, pathological sections were prepared and the mRNA and protein expression levels of AQP1 were determined by RT-qPCR and Western blotting, respectively. RESULTS Immunohistochemical staining indicated that AQP1 distributes in testicular vascular endothelial cells and interstitial connective tissues. The testicular edema was observed 12 and 24 h after TT, as indicated by the increase in wet/dry weight ratio and pathological changes, such as enlarged testicular interstitium, atrophy of spermatogenic tubules, and epineurium tubule exfoliation. Increase in the expression levels of Aqp1 mRNA and AQP1 protein levels peaked at 24 h. Edema was alleviated at 36 and 48 h, as manifested by the gradual thinning of the spermatogenic tubules epithelium with narrowed interstitium and weakened inflammatory cell infiltration. Meanwhile, the mRNA and protein levels of AQP1 dramatically decreased. At 5 days after TT, edema was nearly absent, and the mRNA and protein levels of AQP1 were restored to basal levels. DISCUSSION Testicular torsion increases AQP1 expression and W/D ratios in testis tissues. The upregulation of AQP1 expression and decline in AQP1 level are consistent to the development and alleviation of edema in testis tissues that underwent testicular torsion. CONCLUSION Changes in AQP1 expression were consistent with edema severity in the testes, indicating a close relationship between the expression of AQP1 and the extent of edema in testicular I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abduxukur Ablimit
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China.
| | - Zumrat Abdureyim
- Center of Morphology, Basic Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China.
| | - Pan Yang
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China.
| | - Rozjan Azmat
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China.
| | - Weibi Shan
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China.
| | - Qiaoling Yao
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China.
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Yazğan B, Baltaci AK, Mogulkoc R, Avunduk MC. Zinc is a strong stimulant of metallothionein synthesis in the ischaemic testis tissue. Andrologia 2021; 53:e14042. [PMID: 33661536 DOI: 10.1111/and.14042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to determine the effect of zinc supplementation effects on metallothionein levels in testis ischaemia-reperfusion of rats. The experimental groups were designed as Control, Sham, Ischaemia-Reperfusion (I/R) and I/R + Zinc supplemented. Zinc supplemented as 5 mg/kg day for 3 weeks. Testis tissues were analysed for metallothionein by immunohistochemical staining procedures. Group comparison showed that the zinc-supplemented ischaemia-reperfusion group had a significantly higher level of cells strongly stained with metallothionein than all other groups. A general evaluation of the results suggests that zinc supplementation is a strong stimulant of metallothionein synthesis in the ischaemic testis tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betul Yazğan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | | | - Rasim Mogulkoc
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Cihat Avunduk
- Faculty of Meram Medicine, Department of Pathology, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
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Sirotkin AV, Radosová M, Tarko A, Fabova Z, Martín-García I, Alonso F. Abatement of the Stimulatory Effect of Copper Nanoparticles Supported on Titania on Ovarian Cell Functions by Some Plants and Phytochemicals. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1859. [PMID: 32957511 PMCID: PMC7558118 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The application of nanoparticles has experienced a vertiginous growth, but their interaction with food and medicinal plants in organisms, especially in the control of reproduction, remains unresolved. We examined the influence of copper nanoparticles supported on titania (CuNPs/TiO2), plant extracts (buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) and vitex (Vitex agnus-castus)), phytochemicals (rutin and apigenin), and their combination with CuNPs/TiO2 on ovarian cell functions, using cultured porcine ovarian granulosa cells. Cell viability, proliferation (PCNA accumulation), apoptosis (accumulation of bax), and hormones release (progesterone, testosterone, and 17β-estradiol) were analyzed by the Trypan blue test, quantitative immunocytochemistry, and ELISA, respectively. CuNPs/TiO2 increased cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, and testosterone but not progesterone release, and reduced the 17β-estradiol output. Plant extracts and components have similar stimulatory action on ovarian cell functions as CuNPs/TiO2, but abated the majority of the CuNPs/TiO2 effects. This study concludes that (1) CuNPs/TiO2 can directly stimulate ovarian cell functions, promoting ovarian cell proliferation, apoptosis, turnover, viability, and steroid hormones release; (2) the plants buckwheat and vitex, as well as rutin and apigenin, can promote some of these ovarian functions too; and (3) these plant additives mitigate the CuNPs/TiO2's activity, something that must be considered when applied together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V. Sirotkin
- Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Constantine the Philosopher University, Tr. A Hlinku 1, 949 74 Nitra, Slovakia; (M.R.); (A.T.); (Z.F.)
| | - Monika Radosová
- Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Constantine the Philosopher University, Tr. A Hlinku 1, 949 74 Nitra, Slovakia; (M.R.); (A.T.); (Z.F.)
| | - Adam Tarko
- Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Constantine the Philosopher University, Tr. A Hlinku 1, 949 74 Nitra, Slovakia; (M.R.); (A.T.); (Z.F.)
| | - Zuzana Fabova
- Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Constantine the Philosopher University, Tr. A Hlinku 1, 949 74 Nitra, Slovakia; (M.R.); (A.T.); (Z.F.)
| | - Iris Martín-García
- Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo., 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Francisco Alonso
- Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo., 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain;
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Abarikwu SO, Mgbudom-Okah CJ, Onuah CL. The protective effect of rutin against busulfan-induced testicular damage in adult rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2020; 45:1035-1043. [PMID: 32757678 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2020.1803905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Here, we studied the protective effect of rutin (RUT) against testicular damage caused by busulfan (BUS) in rats. Adult male Wistar rats were intraperitoneally injected with BUS (4 mg/kg body weight at day 7 and 14), and then treated with RUT (30 mg/kg body weight) by gavage thrice weekly for 60 days. The results showed that BUS-induced increase in 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) was significantly decreased by RUT, whereas 17β-HSD activity and plasma testosterone concentration remained unaffected (p > 0.05). It was also observed that RUT inhibited BUS-induced increase in nitrite concentrations and myeloperoxidase enzyme activities in the plasma and testes (p < 0.05). Similarly, BUS-induced decrease in glutathione and increase in malondialdehyde concentrations in the testes were significantly normalized to control values by RUT. Finally, RUT administration showed some tendency to improve the architecture of the seminiferous epithelium of the rat's testes after BUS treatment. Overall, RUT inhibited BUS-induced oxidative damage and inflammation in the testis of an experimental rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny O Abarikwu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
| | | | - Chigozie L Onuah
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
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Belhan S, Yıldırım S, Karasu A, Kömüroğlu AU, Özdek U. Investigation of the protective role of chrysin within the framework of oxidative and inflammatory markers in experimental testicular ischaemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Andrologia 2020; 52:e13714. [PMID: 32573003 DOI: 10.1111/and.13714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to evaluate the effect of chrysin on testicular torsion and detorsion damage in rats in terms of biochemistry, histopathology and immunohistochemistry. The study was performed on Wistar albino rats between 250 g and 300 g. A total of 40 rats were used. Five groups were created with eight rats in each group. Group 1 was the control group, and no torsion procedure was performed. In Group 2, 2 hr of torsion and 2 hr of detorsion were applied. In Group 3, 2 hr of torsion and 24 hr of detorsion were applied. In Group 4, 2 hr of torsion, 2 hr of detorsion and 50 mg/kg intraperitoneal chrysin were applied. In Group 5, 2 hr of torsion, 24 hr of detorsion and 50 mg/kg of chrysin were applied. In the torsion/detorsion groups, the study determined decreases in glutathione and testosterone levels, increases in tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-4, interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 levels, and increases in expression levels of caspase-3 and caspase-8. Chrysin application reduced malondialdehyde, tumour necrosis factor-α, caspase-3 and caspase-8 expression levels. We can say that chrysin can be used to reduce damage in cases of testicular ischaemia/reperfusion. For more reliable results, further clinical trials are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saadet Belhan
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Serkan Yıldırım
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Karasu
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | | | - Uğur Özdek
- Vocational School of Health Services, Van Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey
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Samy A, El-Adl M, Rezk S, Marghani B, Eldomany W, Eldesoky A, Elmetwally MA. The potential protective and therapeutic effects of platelet-rich plasma on ischemia/reperfusion injury following experimental torsion/detorsion of testis in the Albino rat model. Life Sci 2020; 256:117982. [PMID: 32562693 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study was designed to evaluate the protective and therapeutic efficacy of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) against testicular degeneration and germ cell apoptosis after induced spermatic cord torsion/detorsion (TD) in rats. MATERIALS Forty rats were allocated into 5 groups: 1) control, 2) short torsion/detorsion (STD), 3) long torsion detorsion (LTD), 4) protective (PRP/P) and 5) treatment (PRP/T). Testicular ischemia was induced by twisting the right testis 1080° clockwise for 2.5 h. PRP (10 μl) was injected intra-testicular 5 min before (PRP/P) and 3 h after (PRP/T) detorsion. At the end of the experiment, rats were euthanized at 2, 30, 2, and 30 days for groups 2-5 respectively. Nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, catalase, total antioxidant capacity, reduced glutathione, glutathione-S-transferase, interleukin1 beta, tumor necrosis factor, caspase-3, and B-cell lymphoma 2 expressions were assessed in the testes. Moreover, histological examination was performed. KEY FINDINGS PRP treatment significantly mitigated the torsion-detorsion induced testicular degeneration. Particularly, by improving the state of oxidative stress (NO, P = 0.0001) and antioxidant markers (TAC, GSH, GST, P = 0.0001-0.01) and decreasing the expression of IL-1β, TNF-α and cas 3 and increase the BCL2 fold changes (P = 0.0001). The protective use of PRP is superior to the therapeutic use of PRP in the restoration of the testicular histoarchitecture following TD. SIGNIFICANCE This study illustrates the cyto-protective role of PRP against TD induced testicular cell injury that highlight possible application of PRP as a complementary therapy in different testicular degenerative diseases which might attribute to its ability to ameliorate the oxidative stress and inhibit induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Samy
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Adl
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Shaymaa Rezk
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Basma Marghani
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Wael Eldomany
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ashraf Eldesoky
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A Elmetwally
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
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17
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Chen LJ, Ning JZ, Cheng F, Rao T, Yu WM, Ruan Y, Wu JF, Li RG, Geng RX. Comparison of Intraperitoneal and Intratesticular GYY4137 Therapy for the Treatment of Testicular Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Rats. Curr Med Sci 2020; 40:332-338. [DOI: 10.1007/s11596-020-2180-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Which agent should be used to reduce ischemia-reperfusion injury after testicular torsion: a comparative animal experiment. J Pediatr Urol 2019; 15:607.e1-607.e7. [PMID: 31288984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Testicular torsion is an acute urological emergency that causes severe damage of testis. In order to prevent testicular damage, early diagnosis and surgical intervention is essential. Also pain management in both pre-operative and postoperative periods remains a challenging entity. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to determine the possible positive effects of three different analgesics (ibuprofen, metamizole, and paracetamol), which are widely used in clinical practice on testicular tissue, in addition to pain control. STUDY DESIGN Forty prepubertal rats (180-210 g) were divided into five experimental groups. Group 1 was sham group in which the left testis was brought out through a scrotal incision and then replaced in the scrotum without torsion. Group 2 was control group (only 0.9% NaCl was applied). Also in group 3, paracetamol, in group 4, ibuprofen, and in group 5, metamizole sodium was applied 1 h after the torsion. Torsion duration was planned as 4 h for all groups. RESULTS In the biochemical evaluation, malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and total nitrate (NO) levels were measured in the testicular tissue. All groups were compared with group 2 (control group). In group 3, although the MDA level was lower and the MPO level was found to be higher, these were not statistically significant. In group 4, the NO level was low but statistically significant. Histological findings were evaluated due to Cosentino's classification, and the scores of group 4 were better than all groups. DISCUSSION In this study, severe damage was observed at the end of torsion period of 4 h. This is in line with previous published data. The beneficial effects of all three drugs have been observed. CONCLUSIONS Biochemical results did not clearly highlight any agents. According to pathology results, metamizole was better than paracetamol and the most ideal analgesic preparation was observed as ibuprofen.
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Abdelzaher WY, Rofaeil RR, Ali DME, Attya ME. Protective effect of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in testicular torsion/detorsion in rats: a possible role of HIF-1α and nitric oxide. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 393:603-614. [PMID: 31773182 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01765-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Spermatic cord torsion is a serious and common urologic emergency. It requires early diagnosis for prevention of subfertility and testicular necrosis. Vildagliptin and sitagliptin are anti-diabetic drugs of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors that have a protective role against cerebral ischemic stroke and cardiac ischemia reperfusion. This study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of action of vildagliptin and sitagliptin in a model of testicular ischemia/reperfusion injury by testicular torsion/detorsion (T/D). Testicular T/D was done and vildagliptin and sitagliptin were administered either alone or in combination with nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor. Serum total cholesterol and testosterone were measured, while in testicular tissue testosterone, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), nitric oxide level, caspase-3, superoxide dismutase (SOD), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and endothelial NOS (eNOS), and inducible NOS (iNOS) and neuronal NOS (nNOS) were measured. Histopathology of testicular tissue was done. Vildagliptin and sitagliptin increased serum testosterone, expression, and activity of SOD and testicular TAC. It also reduced total serum cholesterol, testicular MDA, caspase-3, HIF-1α, TNF-α, and expression of eNOS, iNOS, and nNOS. Vildagliptin and sitagliptin also improved histopathological picture of testicular tissue. NOS inhibitor produced similar result to DDP-4 inhibitors; however, its co-administration augmented the effect of vildagliptin and sitagliptin on these parameters. DPP-4 inhibitors, vildagliptin, and sitagliptin were protective against testicular T/D-induced injury mostly by anti-oxidative stress, and anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory actions that was augmented by NOS inhibition with a possible role for HIF-1α expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Remon Roshdy Rofaeil
- Department of Pharmacology, Minia University, Minia, 61111, Egypt. .,Department of Pharmacology, Deraya University, New Minia City, Egypt.
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Ganjiani V, Ahmadi N, Raayat Jahromi A. Protective effects of
Stevia rebaudiana
aqueous extract on experimental unilateral testicular ischaemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Andrologia 2019; 52:e13469. [DOI: 10.1111/and.13469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Ganjiani
- School of Veterinary Medicine Shiraz University Shiraz Iran
| | - Nasrollah Ahmadi
- Veterinary Pathology School of Veterinary Medicine Shiraz University Shiraz Iran
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Ubah AS, Abalaka SE, Idoko IS, Obeta SS, Ejiofor CE, Mshelbwala PP, Omeje JN, Ajayi IE. Canine babesiosis in a male Boerboel: Hematobiochemical and anatomic pathological changes in the cardiorespiratory and reproductive organs. Vet Anim Sci 2019; 7:100049. [PMID: 32734071 PMCID: PMC7386722 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2019.100049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A 9-month old male Boerboel was presented at the University of Abuja Small Animal Clinic with a primary complaint of inappetence and micturition with brownish-yellow urine. Physical examination revealed pale mucous membranes, enlarged pre-scapular lymph nodes, bilateral ocular discharges, pyrexia (41.2 °C), depression and the presence of ticks of the genus Rhipicephalus sanguineus on the body of the animal. History revealed that the dog was recently vaccinated against canine distemper, hepatitis, leptospirosis, parainfluenza, parvovirus (DHLPP) and rabies six days prior to the onset of clinical signs, and had been anorexic. Following clinical examination, blood and faecal samples were collected for biochemical and parasitological analyses, and the results revealed the presence of intraerythrocytic Babesia parasites, normocytic and normochromic anaemia with extensive cellular damage. However, during the course of the investigation, the dog died. With appropriate consent, a post-mortem examination was carried out. Diffuse oedema with interstitial pneumonia in the lung, focal haemorrhage with cellular infiltration in the heart and progressive necrosis of epithelial cells within the seminiferous tubules of the testicles were observed. Many of the observed clinicopathological alterations were consistent with complicated babesiosis. However, in the current case, some unique systemic complications such as testicular degeneration, which has not been previously observed in the Boerboel are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azubuike S Ubah
- Department of Theriogenology, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Samson E Abalaka
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Idoko S Idoko
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Sunday S Obeta
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Charles E Ejiofor
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | - Jude N Omeje
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Itopa E Ajayi
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
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Jahan S, Munawar A, Razak S, Anam S, Ain QU, Ullah H, Afsar T, Abulmeaty M, Almajwal A. Ameliorative effects of rutin against cisplatin-induced reproductive toxicity in male rats. BMC Urol 2018; 18:107. [PMID: 30463555 PMCID: PMC6249881 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-018-0421-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cisplatin (CP) or cis-diammine dichloroplatinum (II) is a platinum based standard antineoplastic drug which is used against variety of solid tumors and neoplasms. The present study aimed to evaluate the shielding effects of rutin against CP induced testicular toxicity in rats. METHODS 28 male rats were divided into four groups. First group was given saline orally while second group received intra-peritoneal (i.p) injection of cisplatin (7 mg/kg) on day first and received saline for next 13 days. Third group received i.p injection of cisplatin at day one and treated with rutin (75 mg/kg) orally for next 13 days. Fourth group was treated with rutin orally for 13 days. Animals were sacrificed on 14th day and reproductive organs were analyzed for various parameters. RESULTS Cisplatin treatment resulted in a significant decrease in daily sperm production, decrease in head length and % DNA in head, reduction of epithelial cell height, tubular diameter, reduction of the number of spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatids, increase in the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and oxidative stress in testicular tissues, and change of the intra-testicular testosterone concentrations. Rutin co-treatment resulted in reversing cisplatin effect on DNA damage, sperm count, histological and biochemical parameters. CONCLUSION These results indicated that rutin co-treatment could ameliorate cisplatin-induced reproductive toxicity in male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarwat Jahan
- Reproductive physiology laboratory, Department of animal sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Asma Munawar
- Reproductive physiology laboratory, Department of animal sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Suhail Razak
- Reproductive physiology laboratory, Department of animal sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Anam
- Reproductive physiology laboratory, Department of animal sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Qurat Ul Ain
- Reproductive physiology laboratory, Department of animal sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hizb Ullah
- Reproductive physiology laboratory, Department of animal sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tayyaba Afsar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological SciencesQuaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mahmoud Abulmeaty
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Almajwal
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Nayki C, Nayki U, Keskin Cimen F, Kulhan M, Yapca OE, Kurt N, Bilgin Ozbek A. The effect of rutin on ovarian ischemia-reperfusion injury in a rat model. Gynecol Endocrinol 2018; 34:809-814. [PMID: 29564969 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2018.1450378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of rutin on ovarian ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury was investigated in this experimental study. Eighteen Wistar albino female rats were divided into three groups as follows: I/R group (IRG; n = 6), 50 mg/kg rutin + I/R group (RG; n = 6), and a healthy control group scheduled for a sham operation (SG; n = 6). 2 h of ischemia and following 2 h of reperfusion were created in the IRG and RG by using a torsion model involving atraumatic vascular clips. Rutin, a flavonoid glycoside, was injected intraperitoneally at the dose of 50 mg/kg to RG group 1 h before reperfusion. Then, rats were euthanized and their ovaries were removed for biochemical and histopathological examination and also assessment of the gene expressions. IRG group had a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, in the expressions of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), and also in the activity of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) unlike the significant decrease in total glutathione (tGSH) levels and the activity of COX-1 when compared to the SG group. However, rutin significantly decreased MDA levels, the expressions of TNF-α and IL-1β, and also the activity of COX-2 while it increased significantly tGSH levels and the activity of COX-1 in the RG group in comparison with the IRG group. Rutin ameliorated the I/R-induced ovarian injury in rats via its possible antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cenk Nayki
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty , Erzincan University , Erzincan , Turkey
| | - Umit Nayki
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty , Erzincan University , Erzincan , Turkey
| | - Ferda Keskin Cimen
- b Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty , Erzincan University , Erzincan , Turkey
| | - Mehmet Kulhan
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty , Erzincan University , Erzincan , Turkey
| | - Omer Erkan Yapca
- c Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty , Atatürk University , Erzurum , Turkey
| | - Nezahat Kurt
- d Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty , Atatürk University , Erzurum , Turkey
| | - Aslı Bilgin Ozbek
- e Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty , Erzincan University , Erzincan , Turkey
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Soltani M, Moghimian M, Abtahi-Eivari SH, Shoorei H, Khaki A, Shokoohi M. Protective Effects of Matricaria chamomilla Extract on Torsion/ Detorsion-Induced Tissue Damage and Oxidative Stress in Adult Rat Testis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FERTILITY & STERILITY 2018; 12:242-248. [PMID: 29935071 PMCID: PMC6018175 DOI: 10.22074/ijfs.2018.5324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background There is some evidence indicating that Matricaria chamomile (MC) had protective effects on ischemia-
reperfusion. In the present study, a rat model was used to investigate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of MC on
torsion/detorsion-induced testis tissue damage. Materials and Methods In this experimental study, 28 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups as
follows: G1, Sham operated; G2, testicular torsion/detorsion (T/D); G3, rats with testicular torsion/detorsion that
received 300 mg/kg of MC extracts 30 minutes before detorsion (T/DMC); and G4, healthy rats that received 300
mg/kg of MC extracts (MC). Also, the reperfusion period was 24 hours. After blood sampling, the oxidative stress
marker [e.g. superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels], blood levels of testosterone, and anti-oxidant enzyme levels [e.g.
glutathione peroxidase (GPx)] were assessed by ELISA methods. Serum activity of malondialdehyde (MDA) was
evaluated by spectrophotometry. Another assessment was carried out by histomorphometry, 24-hour post-procedure.
The histological parameters investigated by Johnson’s scores (JS), also the seminiferous tubule diameter (STD) and
the height of the germinal epithelium (HE) measured using the linear eyepiece grids using light microscopy. Results Histological features significantly differed between sham and the other groups. The levels of SOD, GPx, and
testosterone hormone were significantly decreased in T/D group as compared to sham group, while these parameters
increased in T/DMC group as compared to T/D group. During ischemia, the MDA levels increased; however, treatment with MC extract decreased the MDA levels in G3 and G4 groups. Conclusion Results of the present study demonstrated that MC can protect the testis tissue against torsion/detorsion-
induced damages by suppressing superoxide production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Soltani
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Maryam Moghimian
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | | | - Hamed Shoorei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Arash Khaki
- Department of Pathology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Shokoohi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran. Electronic Address:
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Karagoz MA, Doluoglu OG, Ünverdi H, Resorlu B, Sunay MM, Demirbas A, Karakan T, Aydin A. The protective effect of Papaverine and Alprostadil in rat testes after ischemia and reperfusion injury. Int Braz J Urol 2018; 44:617-622. [PMID: 29617080 PMCID: PMC5996795 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2017.0600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of papaverine and alprostadil on testicular torsion-detorsion injury in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 40 male Wistar-Albino rats were used in this study. Four hours of right testicular torsion was applied to each group, excluding sham operated group. The torsion-detorsion (T/D), T/D + papaverine and T/D + alprostadil groups received saline, papaverine and alprostadil at the same time as surgical detorsion, respectively. At 14 days after the surgical detorsion, ischaemic changes and the degree of damage were evaluated with Cosentino scoring and the Johnson tubular biopsy score (JTBS). RESULTS JTBS was determined as 8.8±2.7 in the Sham group, 5.08±1.9 in the T/ D+papaverine group, 5.29±2.3 in the T/D +alprostadil group and 2.86±1.9 in the TD group. The JTBS was determined to be statistically significantly high in both the T/D + papaverine group and the T/D + alprostadil group compared to the T/D group (p=0.01, p=0.009). In the T/D + papaverine group, 3 (43 %) testes were classified as Cosentino 2, 3 (43%) as Cosentino 3 and 1 (14 %) as Cosentino 4. In the T/D +alprostadil group, 5 (50 %) testes were classified as Cosentino 2, 3 (30 %) as Cosentino 3 and 2 (20%) as Cosentino 4. CONCLUSION The present study indicated that spermatic cord administration of alprostadil and papaverine showed a protective effect against ischemia/reperfusion injury after right-side testes torsion and histological changes were decreased after testicular ischemia reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Ali Karagoz
- Department of Urology, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Hatice Ünverdi
- Deparment of Pathology Ankara Training Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Berkan Resorlu
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Melih Sunay
- Saglik Bakanligi Ankara Egitim ve Arastirma Hastanesi Ankara, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Arif Demirbas
- Saglik Bakanligi Ankara Egitim ve Arastirma Hastanesi Ankara, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tolga Karakan
- Department of Urology, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
- Saglik Bakanligi Ankara Egitim ve Arastirma Hastanesi Ankara, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Arif Aydin
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University Meram, Konya, Turkey
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Probucol Reduces Testicular Torsion/Detorsion-Induced Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:5424097. [PMID: 29081888 PMCID: PMC5610873 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5424097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of probucol, a potent antioxidant, on testicular torsion/detorsion-induced ischemia/reperfusion injury attributable to excess reactive oxygen species released by neutrophils. Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham-operated control, ischemia-reperfusion, and probucol-treated groups. In the ischemia-reperfusion group, testicular detorsion was performed after 2 hours of left testicular torsion. In the probucol-treated group, after performing the same surgical procedures as in the ischemia-reperfusion group, probucol was given intraperitoneally at testicular detorsion. Orchiectomy was performed to evaluate protein expression of E-selectin which is an endothelial cell adhesion molecule and mediates neutrophil adhesion to vascular endothelium, myeloperoxidase activity (a mark of neutrophil accumulation in the testis), malondialdehyde level (an indicator of reactive oxygen species), and spermatogenesis. E-selectin protein expression, myeloperoxidase activity, and malondialdehyde level were significantly increased, and testicular spermatogenesis was significantly decreased in the ipsilateral testes in the ischemia-reperfusion group, compared with the control group. The probucol-treated group showed significant decreases in E-selectin protein expression, myeloperoxidase activity, and malondialdehyde level and significant increase in testicular spermatogenesis in the ipsilateral testes, compared with the ischemia-reperfusion group. These findings indicate that probucol can protect testicular spermatogenesis by reducing overgeneration of reactive oxygen species by inhibiting E-selectin protein expression and neutrophil accumulation in the testis.
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Okur MH, Arslan S, Aydogdu B, Zeytun H, Basuguy E, Arslan MS, Ibiloglu I, Kaplan I. Protective Effect of Cordycepin on Experimental Testicular Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats. J INVEST SURG 2017; 31:1-8. [DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2016.1246629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Hanifi Okur
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Medical Faculty of Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Serkan Arslan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Medical Faculty of Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Bahattin Aydogdu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Medical Faculty of Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Hikmet Zeytun
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Medical Faculty of Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Erol Basuguy
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Medical Faculty of Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Serif Arslan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Medical Faculty of Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Ibiloglu
- Department of Pathology, Dicle University Medical School Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Kaplan
- Department of Biochemistry, Dicle University Medical School Diyarbakir, Turkey
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Arena S, Iacona R, Antonuccio P, Russo T, Salvo V, Gitto E, Impellizzeri P, Romeo C. Medical perspective in testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:2115-2122. [PMID: 28565817 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Testicular torsion or torsion of the spermatic cord is one of the most serious urological conditions. It causes testicular injury, which potentially leads to male subfertility. The turning of the spermatic cord and spermatic structures around themselves results in biochemical and histological changes; however, following testicular detorsion, tissues undergo reperfusion that causes more severe damage than that induced by ischemia. Since the primary causes of testicular damage are reactive oxygen species production, an increase in intra-mitochondrial calcium concentration and an increased rate of cellular apoptosis, different medications may potentially be effective. It seems that several medications, experimentally and sometimes clinically, serve an adjuvant role in the cellular damage that occurs following ischemia-reperfusion. Antioxidants, calcium channel blockers, phytotherapeutical medicinals, anaesthetics, hormones and platelet inhibitors may potentially create a solid basis for an adjuvant restoring therapy and ameliorate testicular function following torsion. The current study aimed to review the relevant literature and discuss the actions of a number of molecules that may protect the testes during ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Arena
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age 'Gaetano Barresi', Unit of Paediatric Surgery, University of Messina, I-98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Roberta Iacona
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Pietro Antonuccio
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age 'Gaetano Barresi', Unit of Paediatric Surgery, University of Messina, I-98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Tiziana Russo
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age 'Gaetano Barresi', Unit of Paediatric Surgery, University of Messina, I-98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Salvo
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age 'Gaetano Barresi', Neonatal and Intensive Care Unit, University of Messina, I-98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Eloisa Gitto
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age 'Gaetano Barresi', Neonatal and Intensive Care Unit, University of Messina, I-98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Pietro Impellizzeri
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age 'Gaetano Barresi', Unit of Paediatric Surgery, University of Messina, I-98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Carmelo Romeo
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age 'Gaetano Barresi', Unit of Paediatric Surgery, University of Messina, I-98125 Messina, Italy
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The Effects of Rutin on the Gene Expression of Dazl, Bcl2, and Caspase3 in Idarubicin-induced Testicular Damages in Mice. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.44765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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30
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Qiao H, Ma H, Cao W, Chen H, Wei J, Li Z. Protective effects of polydatin on experimental testicular torsion and detorsion injury in rats. Reprod Fertil Dev 2017; 29:2367-2375. [DOI: 10.1071/rd17046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a critical role in the process of testicular torsion and detorsion (T/D). The purpose of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of polydatin (PD) on testicular T/D injury. Rats were randomly divided into three groups, a sham group, a group subjected to 2 h torsion followed by 24 h detorsion and a group subjected to T/D and injected i.p. with 20 mg kg−1 PD 30 min before detorsion. Unilateral orchiectomy was performed after 24 h of reperfusion. Half the testes were prepared for histological examination by haematoxylin–eosin staining and the terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP–digoxigenin nick end-labelling (TUNEL) technique. In the remaining tissues, levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined, as was the expression of several apoptosis-related proteins. Compared with the T/D group, PD pretreatment significantly ameliorated the morphological damage, lowered the Cosentino histological score and increased the mean number of germ cell layers and Johnsen’s testicular biopsy score. In addition, PD treatment markedly decreased MDA levels and upregulated CAT, GPx and SOD activity. Furthermore, PD decreased T/D-induced germ cell-specific apoptosis, attenuated the activation of caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and increased the Bcl-2/Bax ratio. The findings indicate that PD has a protective effect against testicular T/D injuries, especially at the histological, antioxidative stress and antiapoptotic levels.
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Abarikwu SO, Olufemi PD, Lawrence CJ, Wekere FC, Ochulor AC, Barikuma AM. Rutin, an antioxidant flavonoid, induces glutathione and glutathione peroxidase activities to protect against ethanol effects in cadmium-induced oxidative stress in the testis of adult rats. Andrologia 2016; 49. [PMID: 27562125 DOI: 10.1111/and.12696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to cadmium (Cd) reduces sperm quality and induces oxidative stress in the testis. Rutin is an effective antioxidant flavonoid. We studied the effect of ethanol (EtOH, 5 g/kg b.wt.) intake on Cd (50 mg/kg b.wt.)-induced testicular toxicity with or without RUT pre-treatment (25, 50, 100 mg/kg b.wt.) in rats. At the end of the 15-day oral treatment, co-treatment with EtOH decreased the activities of glutathione (GSH), GSH-peroxidase and superoxide dismutase resulting to slight increase in the testicular MDA level compared to Cd-treated rats. The Cd+EtOH animals had higher levels of abnormal spermatozoa, decreased epididymal sperm number and serum testosterone levels (p < .05) compared to the Cd-treated animals. Rutin co-administration protected against the EtOH effects in a dose-dependent manner, with the Cd+EtOH+50 mg/kg RUT- and Cd+EtOH+100 mg/kg RUT-treated animals having higher GSH and GSH-Px activities beyond the control values (p < .05). In a supplementary study, animals treated daily with RUT alone (25, 50, 100 mg/kg b.wt.) for 15 days dose-dependently increased testicular GSH-peroxidase and GSH activities by 9.38%, 31.25%, 56.25% and 7.14%, 32.14%, 60.71%, respectively, compared to control values. Therefore, RUT induces GSH and GSH-Px activities to protect against Cd+EtOH-induced testis oxidative stress in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- S O Abarikwu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
| | - P D Olufemi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
| | - C J Lawrence
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
| | - F C Wekere
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
| | - A C Ochulor
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
| | - A M Barikuma
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
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Meštrović J, Pogorelić Z, Drmić-Hofman I, Vilović K, Todorić D, Popović M. Protective effect of urapidil on testicular torsion–detorsion injury in rats. Surg Today 2016; 47:393-398. [DOI: 10.1007/s00595-016-1388-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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ROS-Mediated NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Brain, Heart, Kidney, and Testis Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:2183026. [PMID: 27127546 PMCID: PMC4835650 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2183026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) causes a reduction in arterial blood supply to tissues, followed by the restoration of perfusion and consequent reoxygenation. The reestablishment of blood flow triggers further damage to the ischemic tissue through reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, interference with cellular ion homeostasis, and inflammatory responses to cell death. In normal conditions, ROS mediate important beneficial responses. When their production is prolonged or elevated, harmful events are observed with peculiar cellular changes. In particular, during I/R, ROS stimulate tissue inflammation and induce NLRP3 inflammasome activation. The mechanisms underlying the activation of NLRP3 are several and not completely elucidated. It was recently shown that NLRP3 might sense directly the presence of ROS produced by normal or malfunctioning mitochondria or indirectly by other activators of NLRP3. Aim of the present review is to describe the current knowledge on the role of NLRP3 in some organs (brain, heart, kidney, and testis) after I/R injury, with particular regard to the role played by ROS in its activation. Furthermore, as no specific therapy for the prevention or treatment of the high mortality and morbidity associated with I/R is available, the state of the art of the development of novel therapeutic approaches is illustrated.
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The role of CAPE in PI3K/AKT/mTOR activation and oxidative stress on testis torsion. Acta Histochem 2016; 118:31-7. [PMID: 26651953 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia reperfusion injury arises from testicular torsion resulting in a loss of spermatogenesis and significant germ cell apoptosis. This study evaluates the prooxidant/antioxidant effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) through PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal pathways on testis torsion. A total of (28) male Wistar rats were divided randomly into 4 groups (n=7 for each group):group A (sham) group,group B torsion/detorsion group, group C (saturation group, during four days of CAPE, one dose (10 μmol/kg, i.p)) and group D (a single dose of CAPE 2h after torsion and before detorsion). At the end of the study, unilateral orchiectomies were performed for measurements of MDA and 8OHdG levels, histopathologic and immunohistochemical and TUNEL apoptotic cell examination. Testicular torsion-detorsion led to a significant decrease in the mean values of the Johnsen's scores and a significant increase in the apoptotic cell values of group B. There were no significant differences between group D and group A. In addition, the MDA and 8OHdG levels increased significantly in group B. The MDA and 8OHdG values were lower in group D. However, the 8OHdG levels were higher in group C than the groups A and D. On the other hand, CAPE suppresses mTOR activation and reduces the apoptosis on ischemia/reperfusion damage in rat testis. These results demonstrate that CAPE suppresses mTOR activation and reduces the apoptosis on ischemia/reperfusion damage in rat testis.
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Mertoğlu C, Senel U, Cayli S, Tas U, Küskü Kiraz Z, Özyurt H. Protective role of methylprednisolone and heparin in ischaemic-reperfusion injury of the rat testicle. Andrologia 2015; 48:737-44. [PMID: 26626546 DOI: 10.1111/and.12503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of heparin and methylprednisolone in the treatment of ischaemic reperfusion (IR) injury of the testis. Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated equally into three groups of eight animals each. The left testes were rotated 720° for 2 h in the rats in the torsion-detorsion group. Rats in the treatment groups underwent the same surgical procedure as the torsion-detorsion group but were also given methylprednisolone (group II) or heparin (group III) by an intraperitoneal route 30 min prior to detorsion. Left orchiectomy was performed in all rats from each experimental animal at 2 h after detorsion, and the tissue was harvested for the measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC) and nitric oxide (NO) and the endogenous antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase. Additional tissue was evaluated using histopathological and immunohistochemical changes. PC and MDA levels were significantly reduced in the treated groups compared to the control group. There was no statistically significant difference in NO level or SOD, GSH-Px and catalase activity among the treatment groups. Histopathological and immunohistochemical findings supported biochemical changes. It is concluded that pre-treatment with methylprednisolone or heparin protects the testis in ischaemic reperfusion injury caused by testicular torsion-detorsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mertoğlu
- Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - U Senel
- Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ufuk Şenel: Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - S Cayli
- Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - U Tas
- Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | | | - H Özyurt
- Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
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Rutin, A Natural Flavonoid Protects PC12 Cells Against Sodium Nitroprusside-Induced Neurotoxicity Through Activating PI3K/Akt/mTOR and ERK1/2 Pathway. Neurochem Res 2015; 40:1945-53. [PMID: 26255195 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1690-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Revised: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Free radicals induced neural damage is implicated in CNS diseases and rutin isolated form Lonicera japonica are reported to have neuroprotective activity. Previously, we confirmed that rutin exerted neuroprotective effect against sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced cell death in PC12 cells. However, the neuroprotective mechanism of rutin is still not fully uncovered. Here, we found that rutin significantly decreased SNP-induced reactive oxygen species in PC12 cells. Rutin reversed the declined GSH/GSSG ratio and mitochondrial membrane potential induced by SNP. Moreover, rutin activated both the protein Akt/mTOR and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) signaling pathways and the neuroprotective effects of rutin were blocked by either the specific PI3K inhibitor LY294002 or the MAPK pathway inhibitor PD98059. In summary, these results demonstrated that the neuroprotective effects of rutin might be through activating both the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. Our findings support that rutin may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of CNS diseases related to NO neurotoxicity.
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Organ-Protective Effects of Red Wine Extract, Resveratrol, in Oxidative Stress-Mediated Reperfusion Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:568634. [PMID: 26161238 PMCID: PMC4487914 DOI: 10.1155/2015/568634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol, a polyphenol extracted from red wine, possesses potential antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects, including the reduction of free radicals and proinflammatory mediators overproduction, the alteration of the expression of adhesion molecules, and the inhibition of neutrophil function. A growing body of evidence indicates that resveratrol plays an important role in reducing organ damage following ischemia- and hemorrhage-induced reperfusion injury. Such protective phenomenon is reported to be implicated in decreasing the formation and reaction of reactive oxygen species and pro-nflammatory cytokines, as well as the mediation of a variety of intracellular signaling pathways, including the nitric oxide synthase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, deacetylase sirtuin 1, mitogen-activated protein kinase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 alpha, hemeoxygenase-1, and estrogen receptor-related pathways. Reperfusion injury is a complex pathophysiological process that involves multiple factors and pathways. The resveratrol is an effective reactive oxygen species scavenger that exhibits an antioxidative property. In this review, the organ-protective effects of resveratrol in oxidative stress-related reperfusion injury will be discussed.
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Ayan M, Tas U, Sogut E, Caylı S, Kaya H, Esen M, Erdemir F, Uysal M. Protective effect of thymoquinone against testicular torsion induced oxidative injury. Andrologia 2015; 48:143-51. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Ayan
- Department of Emergency Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Gaziosmanpasa University; Tokat Turkey
| | - U. Tas
- Department of Anatomy; Faculty of Medicine; Gaziosmanpasa University; Tokat Turkey
| | - E. Sogut
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Medicine; Katip Celebi University; İzmir Turkey
| | - S. Caylı
- Department of Histology and Embryology; Faculty of Medicine; Yildirim Beyazit University; Ankara Turkey
| | - H. Kaya
- Department of Emergency Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Harran University; Urfa Turkey
| | - M. Esen
- Department of Emergency Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Gaziosmanpasa University; Tokat Turkey
| | - F. Erdemir
- Department of Urology; Faculty of Medicine; Gaziosmanpasa University; Tokat Turkey
| | - M. Uysal
- Department of Anatomy; Faculty of Medicine; Gaziosmanpasa University; Tokat Turkey
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Cvetkovic T, Stankovic J, Najman S, Pavlovic D, Stokanovic D, Vlajkovic S, Dakovic-Bjelakovic M, Cukuranovic J, Zivkovic V, Stefanovic V. Oxidant and antioxidant status in experimental rat testis after testicular torsion/detorsion. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FERTILITY & STERILITY 2015; 9:121-8. [PMID: 25918600 PMCID: PMC4410030 DOI: 10.22074/ijfs.2015.4216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine oxidative stress (OS) parameters after testicular torsion/detorsion in adult rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this experimental study, male adult Wistar rats were divided into four groups, each consisting of seven animals: group I-one hour right testicular torsion with subsequent orchiectomy, group II-one hour right testicular torsion followed by detorsion, group III-unilateral right-sided orchiectomy without previous torsion and group IV-control. After 30 days, bilateral orchiectomies were performed in rats with both testes and unilateral orchiectomies in rats with single testicles. Parameters of OS were determined in testicular tissue and in plasma. RESULTS Plasma concentrations of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were higher (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively), whilst the plasma concentration of the total sulfhydryl (T-SH)-groups was lower (p<0.05) in group I compared to the control group. Group II had higher plasma concentrations of AOPP compared to group IV (p<0.05), as well as significantly increased TBARS and decreased T-SH-group levels compared to groups III (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively) and IV (p<0.01, for both parameters). There were significant differences in OS markers between the ipsilateral and contralateral testis, as well as significant correlations among levels of both plasma and tissue markers of OS. CONCLUSION The increase in TBARS levels seen throughout the experimental period indicated that OS development was caused by ischemia/reperfusion in the testicular tissue. The oxidant-antioxidant system of the testicular tissue was altered during torsion as well as detorsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Cvetkovic
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia ; Clinic of Nephrology, Clinical Centre Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | | | - Stevo Najman
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | - Dusica Pavlovic
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | - Dragana Stokanovic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | - Slobodan Vlajkovic
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | | | - Jovana Cukuranovic
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Zivkovic
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
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The Protective Effect of Apocynin on Testicular Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. J Urol 2015; 193:1417-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.11.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Meštrović J, Drmić-Hofman I, Pogorelić Z, Vilović K, Šupe-Domić D, Šešelja-Perišin A, Čapkun V. Beneficial Effect of Nifedipine on Testicular Torsion-detorsion Injury in Rats. Urology 2014; 84:1194-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2014.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Hesperidin and Rutin, Antioxidant Citrus Flavonoids, Attenuate Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2014; 28:312-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Karaguzel E, Sivrikaya A, Mentese A, Yulug E, Turkmen S, Kutlu O, Guler Y, Us D, Turedi S, Alver A, Kazaz IO. Investigation of tyrphostin AG 556 for testicular torsion-induced ischemia reperfusion injury in rat. J Pediatr Urol 2014; 10:223-9. [PMID: 24070787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of tyrphostin AG 556, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) in an experimental model of testicular ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-four adult male rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6): sham, torsion/detorsion (T/D), T/D + dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) (vehicle group), and T/D + DMSO + tyrphostin AG 556. Testicular torsion was achieved by rotating the left testis 720° clockwise for 4 h. Thirty minutes before detorsion, 3 mg/kg tyrphostin AG 556 was injected transperitoneally in the AG 556 group and DMSO was injected transperitoneally in the DMSO group. After 2 h of reperfusion arterial blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis for malondialdehyde (MDA), ischemia modified albumin (IMA), SCUBE1 (signal peptide-CUB [complement C1r/C1s, Uegf, and Bmp1] and EGF [epidermal growth factor] like domain-containing protein 1), total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) parameters, and ipsilateral orchiectomies were performed for histopathological examination based on the semi-quantitative Johnsen's mean testicular biopsy score (MTBS) in all groups. RESULTS Tyrphostin AG 556 exhibited a protective effect against I/R injury in testicular torsion. Of the biochemical parameters evaluated as a result of testicular I/R, IMA, MDA, and TOS levels were significantly elevated. There was no significant difference in terms of these biochemical parameters between the sham and AG 556 groups. Significant histopathological injury was determined by comparing the T/D and sham groups. According to histopathological injury scores, significant differences were determined between T/D and AG 556 groups and between AG 556 and sham groups. AG 556 had a superior improving effect on Johnsen's scores than DMSO. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the use of tyrphostin AG 556 prior to testicular reperfusion has a protective effect against testicular I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ersagun Karaguzel
- Department of Urology, Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon 61080, Turkey.
| | - Abdullah Sivrikaya
- Department of Urology, Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon 61080, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Mentese
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Esin Yulug
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Suha Turkmen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Omer Kutlu
- Department of Urology, Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon 61080, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Guler
- Department of Urology, Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon 61080, Turkey
| | - Diler Us
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Turedi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Alver
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ilke O Kazaz
- Department of Urology, Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon 61080, Turkey
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Yuluğ E, Türedi S, Karagüzel E, Kutlu O, Menteşe A, Alver A. The short term effects of resveratrol on ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat testis. J Pediatr Surg 2014; 49:484-9. [PMID: 24650483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2013.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to identify changes taking place in the rat testis at the 24th hour of reperfusion following testicular torsion and to evaluate the effects of resveratrol (RSV), a powerful antioxidant, in preventing these changes using novel biochemical parameters and histopathology. METHODS Eighteen adult male rats were divided into three groups: Sham-operated (S), torsion/detorsion (T/D), and T/D+RSV groups. In the T/D group, testicular ischemia was achieved by rotating the left testis 720° clockwise for 4h. In the T/D+RSV group, 20mg/kg RSV was administered intraperitoneally 30 min before detorsion. All rats were sacrificed 24h after detorsion. Serum and tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, ischemia modified albumin (IMA), total oxidative status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), oxidative stress index (OSI), and histopathological damage score were analyzed. RESULTS Serum MDA, IMA, TOS, and OSI levels rose significantly in the T/D group. Serum MDA and IMA values were lower in the T/D+RES groups, but not significantly. OSI and TOS values were lower in the T/D+RES group, and the difference was significant. TAS values decreased significantly in the T/D group and rose in the T/D+RSV group, but not significantly. Ipsilateral tissue MDA values were significantly elevated in the T/D group and decreased in the T/D+RSV group, but not significantly. Apoptosis and histopathological damage increased significantly in the T/D group and decreased significantly in the T/D+RSV group. In the contralateral testis, apoptosis increased significantly in the T/D group. It decreased significantly in the T/D+RSV group. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that RSV had a protective effect against oxidative damage induced with a testicular T/D model, especially at the antiapoptotic and histopathological level. OSI may be a good guide to the clinical status of testicular T/D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esin Yuluğ
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey.
| | - Sibel Türedi
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ersagun Karagüzel
- Department of Urology, Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Omer Kutlu
- Department of Urology, Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Menteşe
- Program of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Vocational School of Health Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Alver
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey
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Ozturk H, Ozturk H, Terzi EH, Bugdayci G, Duran A. Interleukin 10 Reduces Testicular Damage in Experimental Testicular Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Urology 2014; 83:508.e1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2013.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Jang JW, Lee JK, Hur H, Kim TW, Joo SP, Piao MS. Rutin improves functional outcome via reducing the elevated matrix metalloproteinase-9 level in a photothrombotic focal ischemic model of rats. J Neurol Sci 2014; 339:75-80. [PMID: 24507948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2014.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption mediated by proteases plays a pivotal role in neural tissue damage after acute ischemic stroke. In an animal stroke model, the activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), especially MMP-9, was significantly increased and it showed potential association with blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and cerebral edema. Theoretically, it is expected that early blockade of expression and activation of MMP-9 after ischemic stroke provides neuroprotective effects from secondary neural tissue damage. This study was aimed to determine the ability of rutin to influence MMP-9 expression, activity and BBB disruption using a photothrombotic focal ischemic model in rats. METHODS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing between 250 and 300 g (aged 8 weeks) received focal cerebral ischemia by photothrombosis using Rose Bengal (RB) and cold light. Injured animals were divided into two groups; one group received 50mg/kg of rutin intraperitoneally, starting 1h after injury and at 12h intervals for 3 days, while animals in the control group received weight-adjusted doses of saline vehicle over the same period. In each group, the expressions and activities of MMP-9 were assessed by Western blot and gelatin zymography at 6, 24, 48, and 72 h after photothrombotic insult. The effects of rutin on BBB disruption and functional outcomes were also determined. RESULTS Western blot and zymographic analysis showed up-regulated MMP-9 expression and activity in the ischemic cortex. The expression and activity of MMP-9 were significantly elevated at 6h after photothrombotic insult, which remained up-regulated for at least until 72 h after injury. In the rutin-treated group, MMP-9 expression and activity were significantly attenuated at 6, 24, and 48 h compared to the control group. Relative to the control group, BBB permeability was significantly reduced in the rutin-treated group. The results of the rotarod test revealed that rutin treatment significantly improved functional outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Rutin treatment starting 1h after injury attenuated BBB disruption during photothrombotic focal ischemia, which was partly, at least, achieved through inhibitory effects on MMP-9 expression and activity. The results of this study suggest that rutin might be useful in clinical trials aimed to improve the outcome of patients suffering from acute ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Won Jang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; Department of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Kil Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; The Brain Korea 21 Project, Center for Biomedical Human Resources, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; Department of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyuk Hur
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; Department of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Wan Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; Department of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Pil Joo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; Department of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sheng Piao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan, Hangzhou 311200, Zhejiang, China
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Xia Z, Jiang K, Liu T, Zheng H, Liu X, Zheng X. The protective effect of Cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP) on testicular torsion/detorsion: an experimental study in mice. J Pediatr Surg 2013; 48:2140-7. [PMID: 24094970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2013.02.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the expression of Cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP) in torsion/detorsion of the testes in different phases and demonstrate the protective effect of CIRP on testicular injury after torsion/detorsion (T/D) in an experimental mouse model. METHODS Twenty-four male BALB/c mice were divided randomly into 8 groups: normal control group (N), sham-operated group (S), torsion 2 h group (T2h), torsion/detorsion 12 h group (T/D12h), and T/D24h, T/D48h, T/D72h, and T/D96h groups. The testes were examined for the expression levels of CIRP. Another 32 male BALB/c mice were divided randomly in to 4 groups: normal control group (N), T/D group, T/D+pcDNA3.1 group, and T/D + pcDNA3.1-CIRP group. The plasmids were transfected into testes with in vivo-jetPEI. After 3 days, morphological changes, mean seminiferous tubule diameter (MSTD), and the number of the germ cell layers were observed. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), and Bcl-2/Bax ratios were studied in the different groups. RESULTS Compared with the N and S groups, the expression of CIRP in the T2h group was down-regulated. In T/D groups, the levels of CIRP were reduced in a time dependent manner. Compared to T/D and T/D+pcDNA3.1 group, the MSTD, number of the germ cell layers, SOD activity, and Bcl-2/Bax ratio increased in T/D + pcDNA3.1-CIRP group, while the level of MDA decreased. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study have shown that down-regulated CIRP is involved in testicular injury after testicular torsion/detorsion. Up-regulation of the expression of CIRP may reduce the damage caused by torsion/detorsion, possibly by preventing germ cell oxidative stress and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Xia
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, P.R. China
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Beneficial effects of taurine and carnosine in experimental ischemia/reperfusion injury in testis. Pediatr Surg Int 2012; 28:1125-31. [PMID: 22961384 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-012-3168-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Testicular torsion can be thought of as an ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury to the testis. This study aimed to investigate the effects of taurine (TAU) and carnosine (CAR), which are strong antioxidants, on experimental testicular I/R injury model. METHODS Male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups with eight animals in each. A sham operation was performed in group 1. To create testicular I/R, the left testis was torsioned 720° for 2 h followed by 2 h of detorsion. Groups 2 (I/R), 3 (I/R + TAU) and 4 (I/R + CAR) received intraperitoneal saline, TAU (250 mg/kg) and CAR (250 mg/kg), respectively, 1 h before detorsion. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), diene conjugate (DC), protein carbonyls (PC), nonprotein sulfhydryl (NPSH), and vitamin C levels were measured in testis tissues as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities. Histopathological evaluation was also performed. RESULTS TBARS, DC, and PC levels were significantly increased in I/R group. TAU and CAR did not alter TBARS levels, but decreased the elevated DC and PC levels. There were no changes in testicular NPSH levels, SOD, and GPx activities in all groups; however, vitamin C significantly decreased in I/R group. CAR treatment was found to increase vitamin C levels as compared to I/R group. Histopathologically, both I/R + TAU and I/R + CAR groups showed significant increase in testicular spermatogenesis in comparison to I/R group. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that TAU and CAR reduces oxidative stress and may have a protective role in testicular I/R injury.
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The hypoxic testicle: physiology and pathophysiology. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2012; 2012:929285. [PMID: 23056665 PMCID: PMC3465913 DOI: 10.1155/2012/929285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2012] [Revised: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian spermatogenesis is a complex biological process occurring in the seminiferous tubules in the testis. This process represents a delicate balance between cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. In most mammals, the testicles are kept in the scrotum 2 to 7°C below body core temperature, and the spermatogenic process proceeds with a blood and oxygen supply that is fairly independent of changes in other vascular beds in the body. Despite this apparently well-controlled local environment, pathologies such as varicocele or testicular torsion and environmental exposure to low oxygen (hypoxia) can result in changes in blood flow, nutrients, and oxygen supply along with an increased local temperature that may induce adverse effects on Leydig cell function and spermatogenesis. These conditions may lead to male subfertility or infertility. Our literature analyses and our own results suggest that conditions such as germ cell apoptosis and DNA damage are common features in hypoxia and varicocele and testicular torsion. Furthermore, oxidative damage seems to be present in these conditions during the initiation stages of germ cell damage and apoptosis. Other mechanisms like membrane-bound metalloproteinases and phospholipase A2 activation could also be part of the pathophysiological consequences of testicular hypoxia.
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Wu LX, Guo CX, Qu Q, Yu J, Chen WQ, Wang G, Fan L, Li Q, Zhang W, Zhou HH. Effects of natural products on the function of human organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1. Xenobiotica 2011; 42:339-48. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2011.623796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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