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Guo L, Zhu X, Zhang L, Xu Y. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of candesartan to predict the exposure in hepatic and renal impairment and elderly populations. Ther Adv Drug Saf 2023; 14:20420986231220222. [PMID: 38157240 PMCID: PMC10752084 DOI: 10.1177/20420986231220222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Candesartan cilexetil is a widely used angiotensin II receptor blocker with minimal adverse effects and high tolerability for the treatment of hypertension. Candesartan is administered orally as the prodrug candesartan cilexetil, which is wholly and swiftly converted to the active metabolite candesartan by carboxylesterase during absorption in the intestinal tract. In populations with renal or hepatic impairment, candesartan's pharmacokinetic (PK) behavior may be altered, necessitating dosage adjustments. Objectives This study was conducted to examine how the physiologically based PK (PBPK) model characterizes the PKs of candesartan in adult and geriatric populations and to predict the PKs of candesartan in elderly populations with renal and hepatic impairment. Design After developing PBPK models using the reported physicochemical properties of candesartan and clinical data, these models were validated using data from clinical investigations involving various dose ranges. Methods Comparing predicted and observed blood concentration data and PK parameters was used to assess the fit performance of the models. Results Doses should be reduced to approximately 94% of Chinese healthy adults for the Chinese healthy elderly population; approximately 92%, 68%, and 64% of that of the Chinese healthy adult dose in elderly populations with mild, moderate, and severe renal impairment, respectively; and approximately 72%, 71%, and 52% of that of the Chinese healthy adult dose in elderly populations with Child-Pugh-A, Child-Pugh-B, and Child-Pugh-C hepatic impairment, respectively. Conclusion The results suggest that the PBPK model of candesartan can be utilized to optimize dosage regimens for special populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Shengzhou Branch, School of Medicine, Shengzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyu Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Shengzhou Branch, School of Medicine, Shengzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yichao Xu
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
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2
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Patel T, Patel V. Thiazolidinediones: Recent Development in Analytical Methodologies. J Chromatogr Sci 2023:bmad058. [PMID: 37539627 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmad058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The instrumental analytical methods that have been developed and utilized for the determination of thiazolidinedione in bulk medications, formulations and biological fluids have been reviewed after an in-depth analysis of the literature published in a variety of analytical and pharmaceutical chemistry-related journals. The approaches covered by this research, which covers the years 2001-2022, include complex methods for analysis, chromatographic techniques and spectrometric analytical procedures. The mobile phase, flow rate, sample matrix, wavelength and other factors identified in the literature were just a few of the parameters used to evaluate thiazolidinediones. The present review focuses on the published analytical techniques for thiazolidinedione analysis that have been previously identified in the literature. The specified outcomes followed extensive learning, and the most recent advances in analytical methods for the identification of pioglitazone, pioglitazone HCl, rosiglitazone, rosiglitazone maleate and lobeglitazone were reviewed. Additionally, this article briefly discusses features of analytical discovery on thiazolidinediones, which will enable readers to access all discoveries in one place with precise outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarang Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Charusat Campus, Changa 388 421, Gujarat, India
| | - Vatsal Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Sardar Patel Education Campus, SPEC Campus, Vidyanagar-Vadtal Road Bakrol 388 315, Gujarat, India
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3
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Kola H, Shanmugasundaram S. Analytical quality by design-based RP-HPLC method for quantification of pioglitazone and candesartan cilexetil in bilayer tablet and its forced degradation studies. PHARMACIA 2023. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.70.e95099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The current project involves developing an RP-HPLC method for simultaneous quantification of Candesartan Cilexetil and Pioglitazone based on analytical quality by design (AQbD).
Materials and methods: When analysed in the Design Expert application, the critical method parameters were systematically refined using Central Composite Design and contours were derived for significant variables. A contour plot has been used to discover the technique operable design region that governs response variation, which is then empirically tested.
Results: Successful chromatographic separation of title analytes was achieved on kromasil C18 (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) column at 30 °C with mobile phase comprising 60% 20 Mm Potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate and 40% acetonitrile (v/v), isocratic elution pattern, 0.9 mL/min flow rate, and UV detection at 220 nm. The linear model for Candesartan Cilexetil was from 4 to 24 µg/ mL and Pioglitazone at 7.5–45 µg/ mL, respectively.
Conclusion: The method met all the ICH Q2 (R1) validation criteria. The current approach aided for analysing simultaneous drugs can be expanded into quantifying drugs in biological matrix predominance with maximum recovery.
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Morosi L, Matteo C, Meroni M, Ceruti T, Fuso Nerini I, Bello E, Frapolli R, D'Incalci M, Zucchetti M, Davoli E. Quantitative measurement of pioglitazone in neoplastic and normal tissues by AP-MALDI mass spectrometry imaging. Talanta 2022; 237:122918. [PMID: 34736656 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pioglitazone is a Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR) agonist of the thiazolidinedione class of compounds with promising anticancer activity. An innovative quantitative mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) method and a HPLC-UV method were developed and validated to investigate its distribution in tumor and liver tissues. The MSI method is based on stable isotope normalization and resulted highly specific and sensitive (0.2 pmol/spot). The correct identification of the drug ion signal is confirmed by MS/MS analysis on tissue. The method shows an optimal lateral resolution (25 μm) relying on the ionization efficiency and fine laser diameter of the atmospheric pressure MALDI source. The HPLC-UV method is simple and straightforward involving quick protein precipitation and shows good sensitivity (50ng/sample) using a small starting volume of biological sample. Thus, it is applicable to samples obtained from both preclinical models and clinical surgical procedures. MSI and HPLC-UV assays were validated assessing linearity, intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy, limit of quantification, selectivity and recovery. These are the first methods developed and validated for the analysis of pioglitazone in tissues, and they were applied successfully to myxoid liposarcoma xenograft-bearing mice, which received clinically relevant drug doses. Pioglitazone was measured by either method in sections of tumor and liver 2, 6 and 24 h post-treatment. Drug distribution was relatively homogeneous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Morosi
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Department of Oncology, Via Mario Negri 2, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Matteo
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Department of Oncology, Via Mario Negri 2, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Meroni
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Department of Oncology, Via Mario Negri 2, Milan, Italy
| | - Tommaso Ceruti
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Department of Oncology, Via Mario Negri 2, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Fuso Nerini
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Department of Oncology, Via Mario Negri 2, Milan, Italy
| | - Ezia Bello
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Department of Oncology, Via Mario Negri 2, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Frapolli
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Department of Oncology, Via Mario Negri 2, Milan, Italy.
| | - Maurizio D'Incalci
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Department of Oncology, Via Mario Negri 2, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Zucchetti
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Department of Oncology, Via Mario Negri 2, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Davoli
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Mass Spectrometry Research Center for Health and Environment and Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Via Mario Negri 2, Milan, Italy
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G KK, Thaggikuppe Krishnamurthy P, Ammu V V V RK, Vishwanath K, Narenderan ST, Babu B, Krishnaveni N. Development and validation of a sensitive LC-MS/MS method for pioglitazone: application towards pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution study in rats. RSC Adv 2021; 11:11437-11443. [PMID: 35423625 PMCID: PMC8695949 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01126j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a sensitive LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated to measure pioglitazone (PGZ) concentrations in rat plasma and tissues. The chromatographic separation was achieved by using a YMC Pro C18 column (100 mm × 4.6 mm, 3μ) with a mobile phase consisting of formic acid (0.1% v/v) and acetonitrile (5 : 95) at a flow rate of 0.7 mL min−1 and injection volume of 10 μL (IS: rosiglitazone). Mass spectrometric detection was done using triple quadrupole mass spectrometry using the ESI interface operating in a positive ionization mode. The developed method was validated over a linearity range of 1–500 ng mL−1 with detection and a lower quantification limit of 0.5 ng mL−1 and 1 ng mL−1. The method accuracy ranged from 95.89–98.78% (inter-day) & 93.39–97.68% (intra-day) with a precision range of 6.09–8.12% for inter-day & 7.55–9.87% for intra-day, respectively. The PGZ shows the highest Cmax of 495.03 ng mL−1 in plasma and the lowest Cmax, 24.50 ± 2.71 ng mL−1 in bone. The maximum Tmax of 5.00 ± 0.49 h was observed in bone and a minimum of 1.01 ± 0.05 h in plasma. The AUC(0–24 h and 0–∞) values are highest in plasma (1056.58 ± 65.78 & 1069.38 ± 77.50 ng h−1 mL−1) and lowest in brain (166.93 ± 15.70 &167.12 ± 16.77 ng h−1 mL−1), and the T1/2 was highest in plasma (5.62 ± 0.74 h) and lowest in kidney (2.78 ± 0.19). The developed method was successfully used to measure the PGZ pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution. Further, the developed method could be utilized for validating target organ (adipose tissue) specific delivery of PGZ (nano-formulations) in addition to conventional dosage forms. The developed method was investigated for target and off-target distribution of pioglitazone and could be applied to validate the site-specific delivery systems.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kusuma Kumari G
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research Ooty-643 001 The Nilgiris Tamil Nadu India
| | - Praveen Thaggikuppe Krishnamurthy
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research Ooty-643 001 The Nilgiris Tamil Nadu India
| | - Ravi Kiran Ammu V V V
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research Ooty-643 001 The Nilgiris Tamil Nadu India
| | - Kurawattimath Vishwanath
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics-Toxicology Division, Sai Advantium Pharma Ltd. Pune 411 057 India
| | - S T Narenderan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research Ooty-643 001 The Nilgiris Tamil Nadu India
| | - B Babu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research Ooty-643 001 The Nilgiris Tamil Nadu India
| | - Nagappan Krishnaveni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research Ooty-643 001 The Nilgiris Tamil Nadu India
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Quantitative bio-analysis of pitavastatin and candesartan in rat plasma by HPLC-UV: Assessment of pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1138:121962. [PMID: 31915110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel, precise, accurate and rapid HPLC-UV method was developed, optimised and fully validated for simultaneous estimation of pitavastatin (PIT) and candesartan (CAN) in rat plasma using telmisartan as an internal standard. Following liquid-liquid extraction of the analytes from plasma, chromatographic separation was accomplished on a Waters Reliant C18 column (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 µm) using ACN-5 mM Sodium acetate buffer (80:20, v/v; pH adjusted to 3.5 with acetic acid) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min and wavelength of 234 nm. The calibration curves were linear over the concentration ranges of 2-400 ng/mL and 3-400 ng/mL for pitavastatin and candesartan respectively. The method when validated as per US-FDA guidelines was found to be precise as well as accurate. Extraction recovery observed for both analytes was above 90% as well as reproducible and consistent. Stability studies showed the samples to be stable over a long period covering from sample collection to final analysis. The method was successfully applied to investigate pharmacokinetic interaction between PIT and CAN in wistar rats. The mean plasma concentration-time curves of PIT and CAN showed that single PIT as well as CAN show similar pharmacokinetic properties to those obtained when co-administrated with each other (P value >0.05). Hence, there is no evidence for a potential drug-drug interaction between PIT and CAN. This information provides evidence for clinical rational use of CAN and PIT in cardiovascular patients.
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7
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Kelani KM, Rezk MR, Badran OM, Elghobashy MR. Determination of pioglitazone, its metabolite and alogliptin in human plasma by a novel LC-MS/MS method; application to a pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1132:121803. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Patel M, Kothari C. A simple, rapid and fully validated HPLC method for simultaneous quantitative bio-analysis of rosuvastatin and candesartan in rat plasma: Application to pharmacokinetic interaction study. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 33:e4607. [PMID: 31141832 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A simple, precise and accurate HPLC method was developed, optimized and validated for simultaneous determination of rosuvastatin and candesartan in rat plasma using atorvastatin as an internal standard. Solid-phase extraction was used for sample cleanup and its subsequent optimization was carried out to achieve higher extraction efficiency and to eliminate matrix effect. A quality by design approach was used, wherein three-level factorial design was applied for optimization of mobile phase composition and for assessing the effect of pH of the mobile phase using Design Expert Software. Adequate separation for both analytes was achieved with a Waters C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) using acetonitrile-5 mm sodium acetate buffer (70:30, v/v; pH adjusted to 3.5 with acetic acid) as a mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and wavelength of 254 nm. The calibration curves were linear over the concentration ranges 5-150 and 10-300 ng/mL for rosuvastatin (ROS) and candesartan (CAN), respectively. The validated method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in Wistar rats and the data did not reveal any evidence for a potential drug-drug interaction between ROS and CAN. This information provides evidence for clinical rational use of ROS and CAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misari Patel
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Charmy Kothari
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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9
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Gudlawar SK, Pilli NR, Siddiraju S, Dwivedi J. Highly sensitive assay for the determination of therapeutic peptide desmopressin in human plasma by UPLC-MS/MS. J Pharm Anal 2018; 7:196-202. [PMID: 29404038 PMCID: PMC5790683 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An analytical method based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography with positive ion electrospray ionization (ESI) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry detection (UPLC–MS/MS) was developed and validated for the determination of therapeutic peptide desmopressin in human plasma. A desmopressin stable labeled isotope (desmopressin d8) was used as an internal standard. Analyte and the internal standard were extracted from 200 µL of human plasma via solid-phase extraction technique using Oasis WCX cartridges. The chromatographic separation was achieved on an Aquity UPLC HSS T3 column by using a gradient mixture of methanol and 1 mM ammonium formate buffer as the mobile phase. The calibration curve obtained was linear (r2≥0.99) over the concentration range of 1.01–200 pg/mL. Method validation was performed as per FDA guidelines and the results met the acceptance criteria. The results of the intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy studies were well within the acceptable limits. The proposed method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic studies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nageswara Rao Pilli
- Wellquest Clinical Research Laboratories, Ramanthapur, Hyderabad 500013, India
| | - Sridhar Siddiraju
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Malla Reddy College of Pharmacy, Maisammaguda, Secunderabad 5000100, India
| | - Jaya Dwivedi
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapeeth, Jaipur 304022, India
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10
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Sengupta P, Chatterjee B, Pal TK. Assessment of preclinical pharmacokinetics and acute toxicity of pioglitazone and telmisartan combination. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 91:151-158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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11
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Sengupta P, Chatterjee B, Mandal UK, Gorain B, Pal TK. Development and validation of a high throughput LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantitation of pioglitazone and telmisartan in rat plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. J Pharm Anal 2017; 7:381-387. [PMID: 29404063 PMCID: PMC5790748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Management of cardiovascular risk factors in diabetes demands special attention due to their co-existence. Pioglitazone (PIO) and telmisartan (TLM) combination can be beneficial in effective control of cardiovascular complication in diabetes. In this research, we developed and validated a high throughput LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantitation of PIO and TLM in rat plasma. This developed method is more sensitive and can quantitate the analytes in relatively shorter period of time compared to the previously reported methods for their individual quantification. Moreover, till date, there is no bioanalytical method available to simultaneously quantitate PIO and TLM in a single run. The method was validated according to the USFDA guidelines for bioanalytical method validation. A linear response of the analytes was observed over the range of 0.005-10 µg/mL with satisfactory precision and accuracy. Accuracy at four quality control levels was within 94.27%-106.10%. The intra- and inter-day precision ranged from 2.32%-10.14 and 5.02%-8.12%, respectively. The method was reproducible and sensitive enough to quantitate PIO and TLM in rat plasma samples of a preclinical pharmacokinetic study. Due to the potential of PIO-TLM combination to be therapeutically explored, this method is expected to have significant usefulness in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinaki Sengupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Bappaditya Chatterjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Uttam Kumar Mandal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia
| | | | - Tapan Kumar Pal
- Bioequivalence Study Centre, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
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12
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Chinnalalaiah R, Pigili R, Avanapu SR. Liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry method for quantitative determination of pioglitazone and its metabolite 5-hydroxy pioglitazone in human plasma. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2016; 75:105-111. [PMID: 27659416 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) based method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of pioglitazone and its active metabolites in human plasma for applicability to pharmacokinetic studies. The chromatographic separation was carried on the reversed phase Peerless Basic C18, column (100×4.6mm, 5μm) at column temperature of 40°C using a binary mobile phase consisting of methanol: 5mM ammonium acetate in 0.1% formic acid (80:20, v/v). The mobile phase was run at a flow rate of 1mL/min and the sample injection was 10μL. The method utilized pioglitazone D4 (IS1) and 5-hydroxyl pioglitazone M-IV D4 (IS2) as an internal standard. The linearity of the method was validated over the range of 6.04-1503.21ng/mL for pioglitazone and 6.01-1496.28ng/mL for 5-hydroxyl pioglitazone. The mean extraction recovery of PIO & HPIO from the spiked plasma was found to be 94.92% for pioglitazone and 96.13% for 5-hydroxy pioglitazone. The developed method can be successfully employed in healthy human volunteers to monitor the pharmacokinetics profile of pioglitazone.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Chinnalalaiah
- Department of pharmaceutical chemistry, Joginpally B.R. Pharmacy College, Yenkapally(V), Amdapur X road, Moinabad R.R. district, 500075 Hyderabad, Telangana, India; Aizant drug research solutions, 500014 Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
| | - R Pigili
- Department of pharmaceutical chemistry, Joginpally B.R. Pharmacy College, Yenkapally(V), Amdapur X road, Moinabad R.R. district, 500075 Hyderabad, Telangana, India; Aizant drug research solutions, 500014 Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - S R Avanapu
- Department of pharmacology, Bhaskar pharmacy college, Moinabad, 500075 Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Al-Majed A, Bakheit AHH, Abdel Aziz HA, Alharbi H, Al-Jenoobi FI. Pioglitazone. PROFILES OF DRUG SUBSTANCES, EXCIPIENTS, AND RELATED METHODOLOGY 2016; 41:379-438. [PMID: 26940171 DOI: 10.1016/bs.podrm.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Pioglitazone is a thiazolidinedione antidiabetic with actions similar to those of rosiglitazone. It is used in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus and is prepared by reducing 5-[4-[2-(5-ethyl-2-pyridyl)ethoxy]benzilidene]-2,4-thiazolidinedione with sodium borohydride in the presence of a cobalt ion and dimethyl glyoxime. Ultraviolet spectroscopy shows maximum absorption at 270nm. Infrared spectroscopy shows principal peaks at wave numbers 3082, 2964, 1736, 1690, 1472, 1331, 1254, 1040, 841, 728cm(-1) (KBr disk). The determination method by high-performance liquid chromatography was linear over the range of 25-1500ng/mL of pioglitazone in plasma (r(2)>0.999). The within- and between-day precision values were in the range of 2.4-6.8%. The limit of quantitation of the method was 25ng/mL. It is well absorbed with a mean absolute bioavailability of 83% and reaching maximum concentrations in around 1.5h. It is metabolized by the hepatic cytochrome P450 enzyme system. Following oral administration, approximately 15-30% of the pioglitazone dose is recovered in the urine. Renal elimination of pioglitazone is negligible, and the drug is excreted primarily as metabolites and their conjugates. It is presumed that most of the oral dose is excreted into the bile either unchanged or as metabolites and eliminated in the feces.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Al-Majed
- King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - A H H Bakheit
- King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - H Alharbi
- King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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14
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Satheeshkumar N, Shantikumar S, Srinivas R. Pioglitazone: A review of analytical methods. J Pharm Anal 2014; 4:295-302. [PMID: 29403893 PMCID: PMC5761212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pioglitazone is an oral anti-hyperglycemic agent. It is used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2. It selectively stimulates nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma). It was the tenth-best-selling drug in the U.S. in 2008. This article examines published analytical methods reported so far in the literature for the determination of pioglitazone in biological samples and pharmaceutical formulations. They include various techniques like electrochemical methods, spectrophotometry, capillary electrophoresis, high-performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry and high-performance thin layer chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Satheeshkumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad (NIPER-H), Balanagar, Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - S Shantikumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad (NIPER-H), Balanagar, Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - R Srinivas
- National Center for Mass Spectrometry, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500607, India
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15
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Derangula VR, Pilli NR, Bhukya BR, Pulipati CR, Adireddy V, Ponneri V. Bioanalysis of tolvaptan, a novel AVP-V2 receptor antagonist in human plasma by a novel LC-ESI-MS/MS method: a pharmacokinetic application in healthy South Indian male subjects. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 28:332-40. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Venkata Ramu Derangula
- Research Studies; Rayalaseema University; Kurnool 518 002 India
- Wellquest Clinical Research Laboratories; Ramanthapur Hyderabad 500 013 India
| | - Nageswara Rao Pilli
- Wellquest Clinical Research Laboratories; Ramanthapur Hyderabad 500 013 India
- University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University; Kukatpally Hyderabad 500 085 India
| | - Babu Rao Bhukya
- Sree College of pharmacy; Nayakulagudem, Kothagudem Khmmam 507120 India
| | | | - Vinayender Adireddy
- Research Studies; Rayalaseema University; Kurnool 518 002 India
- Wellquest Clinical Research Laboratories; Ramanthapur Hyderabad 500 013 India
| | - Venkateswarlu Ponneri
- Analytical and Environmental Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry; Sri Venkateswara University; Tirupati 517502 India
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16
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Application of UPLC-MS/MS for separation and quantification of 3α-Hydroxy Tibolone and comparative bioavailability of two Tibolone formulations in healthy volunteers. J Pharm Anal 2013; 3:270-277. [PMID: 29403827 PMCID: PMC5760983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2013.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel, fast, sensitive and robust method based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to atmospheric pressure electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–ESI-MS/MS) has been developed to separate two Tibolone stereoisomers i.e., 3α-Hydroxy Tibolone and 3β-Hydroxy Tibolone and to quantify 3α-Hydroxy Tibolone using p-toulenesulfonyl isocyanate (PTSI) as a derivatizing reagent in human plasma. 3α-Hydroxy Tibolone-13CD3 was used as an internal standard (IS). The analyte and IS were extracted from human plasma by liquid–liquid extraction using ethyl acetate. Extracted samples were analyzed by UPLC–ESI-MS/MS. Chromatography was performed using binary gradient on UPLC analytical column. A linear calibration curve over the range of 0.100–35.000 ng/mL was obtained and lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 0.100 ng/mL demonstrating acceptable accuracy and precision. This method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in order to compare a test Tibolone 2.5 mg formulation vs. a reference 2.5 mg Tibolone tablet formulation in 50 post-menopausal/surgical menopause female human volunteers under fasting conditions. It is concluded that test formulation of Tibolone is bioequivalent to reference formulation of Tibolone.
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17
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Singh B, Lokhandae RS, Dwivedi A, Sharma S, Dubey N. Improved simultaneous quantitation of candesartan and hydrochlorthiazide in human plasma by UPLC-MS/MS and its application in bioequivalence studies. J Pharm Anal 2013; 4:144-152. [PMID: 29403876 PMCID: PMC5761088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A validated ultra-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometric method (UPLC–MS/MS) was used for the simultaneous quantitation of candesartan (CN) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) in human plasma. The analysis was performed on UPLC–MS/MS system using turbo ion spray interface. Negative ions were measured in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The analytes were extracted using a liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) method by using 0.1 mL of plasma volume. The lower limit of quantitation for CN and HCT was 1.00 ng/mL whereas the upper limit of quantitation was 499.15 ng/mL and 601.61 ng/mL for CN and HCT respectively. CN d4 and HCT-13Cd2 were used as the internal standards for CN and HCT respectively. The chromatography was achieved within 2.0 min run time using a C18 Phenomenex, Gemini NX (100 mm×4.6 mm, 5 µm) column with organic mixture:buffer solution (80:20, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.800 mL/min. The method has been successfully applied to establish the bioequivalence of candesartan cilexetil (CNC) and HCT immediate release tablets with reference product in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Naveen Dubey
- Jubiliant Clinsys Limited, Noida, New Delhi, India
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18
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Vaka VRR, Inamadugu JK, Pilli NR, Ramesh M, Katreddi HR. A sensitive LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of febuxostat in human plasma and its pharmacokinetic application. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 27:1406-12. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nageswara Rao Pilli
- Wellquest Clinical Research Laboratories; Ramanthapur; Hyderabad; 500 013; India
| | - Mullangi Ramesh
- Jubliant Biosys; Industrial Suburb, 2nd stage; Yeshwanthpur; Bangalore; 560 022; India
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19
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Adireddy V, Pilli NR, Derangula VR, Satla SR, Ganguri CVB, Ponneri V. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric assay for aliskiren, a novel renin inhibitor in micro-volumes of human plasma: a pharmacokinetic application in healthy South Indian male subjects. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 27:1062-9. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shobha Rani Satla
- University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University; Kukatpally; Hyderabad; 500 085; India
| | | | - Venkateswarlu Ponneri
- Analytical and Environmental Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry; Sri Venkateswara University; Tirupati; 517502; India
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20
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Simultaneous pharmacokinetic assessment of cefadroxil and clavulanic acid in human plasma by LC-MS and its application to bioequivalence studies. J Pharm Anal 2013; 3:285-291. [PMID: 29403829 PMCID: PMC5760965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple, rapid and selective liquid chromatography–atmospheric pressure chemical ionization–mass spectrometry (LC–APCI–MS) assay method has been developed and fully validated for the simultaneous quantification of cefadroxil (CF) and clavulanic acid (CA) in human plasma. Analytes and internal standard (IS) were extracted from human plasma by solid-phase extraction (SPE) technique using Sam prep (3 mL, 100 mg) extraction cartridge. The extracted samples were chromatographed on a reverse phase C18 column using a mixture of methanol: acetonitrile: 2 mM ammonium acetate (pH 3.5) (25:25:50, v/v/v) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. Quantification of the analytes and IS were carried out using single quadrupole LC–APCI–MS through selected-ion monitoring (SIM) at m/z 362 and m/z 198, for CF and CA, respectively. Method validation was performed as per the FDA guidelines and the results met the acceptance criteria. Plasma concentration of CF and CA followed by the oral administration of CF/CA (500/125 mg) pill to healthy male volunteers (n=12) was measured. Area under plasma concentration–time curve from 0 to 12 h (AUC0–12 h) and 0 h extrapolated to infinity (AUC0−∞) were calculated. The ratio of AUC0–12 h/AUC0−∞ was found to be >85% for all the subjects, as recommended by the FDA guidelines.
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21
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Gajula R, Maddela R, Babu Ravi V, Inamadugu JK, Pilli NR. A rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric assay for duloxetine in human plasma: Its pharmacokinetic application. J Pharm Anal 2013; 3:36-44. [PMID: 29403794 PMCID: PMC5760945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2012.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper describes a simple, rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry assay for the determination of duloxetine in human plasma. A duloxetine stable labeled isotope (duloxetine d5) was used as an internal standard. Analyte and the internal standard were extracted from 100 μL of human plasma via solid phase extraction technique using Oasis HLB cartridges. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a C18 column by using a mixture of acetonitrile–5 mM ammonium acetate buffer (83:17, v/v) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.9 mL/min. The calibration curve obtained was linear (r2≥0.99) over the concentration range of 0.05–101 ng/mL. Multiple-reaction monitoring mode (MRM) was used for quantification of ion transitions at m/z 298.3/154.1 and 303.3/159.1 for the drug and the internal standard, respectively. Method validation was performed as per FDA guidelines and the results met the acceptance criteria. A run time of 2.5 min for each sample made it possible to analyze more than 300 plasma samples per day. The proposed method was found to be applicable to clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramakrishna Gajula
- Wellquest Clinical Research Laboratories, Ramanthapur, Hyderabad 500013, India
| | - Rambabu Maddela
- Wellquest Clinical Research Laboratories, Ramanthapur, Hyderabad 500013, India
| | - Vasu Babu Ravi
- Wellquest Clinical Research Laboratories, Ramanthapur, Hyderabad 500013, India
| | | | - Nageswara Rao Pilli
- Wellquest Clinical Research Laboratories, Ramanthapur, Hyderabad 500013, India
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22
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Derangula VR, Pilli NR, Nadavala SK, Adireddy V, Inamadugu JK, Ponneri V. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric assay for the determination of tetrabenazine and its active metabolites in human plasma: a pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 27:792-801. [PMID: 23339053 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A simple, rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) assay method has been developed and fully validated for the simultaneous quantification of tetrabenazine and its active metabolites α-dihydrotetrabenazine and β-dihydrotetrabenazine in human plasma. Tetrabenazine d7 was used as internal standard (IS). The analytes were extracted from 200 μL aliquots of human plasma via solid-phase extraction using C18 solid-phase extraction cartridges. The reconstituted samples were chromatographed on a Zorbax SB C18 column using a 60:40 (v/v) mixture of acetonitrile and 5 mm ammonium acetate as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. The API-4000 LC-MS/MS in multiple reaction-monitoring mode was used for detection. The calibration curves obtained were linear (r(2) ≥ 0.99) over the concentration range of 0.01-5.03 ng/mL for tetrabenazine and 0.50-100 ng/mL for α-dihydrotetrabenazine and β-dihydrotetrabenazine. Method validation was performed as per Food and Drug Administration guidelines and the results met the acceptance criteria. The method is precise and sensitive enough for its intended purpose. A run time of 2.5 min for each sample made it possible to analyze more than 300 plasma samples per day. The proposed method was found to be applicable to clinical studies.
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23
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Polagani SR, Pilli NR, Gajula R, Gandu V. Simultaneous determination of atorvastatin, metformin and glimepiride in human plasma by LC-MS/MS and its application to a human pharmacokinetic study. J Pharm Anal 2012; 3:9-19. [PMID: 29403791 PMCID: PMC5760920 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple, rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC–MS/MS) assay method has been developed and fully validated for the simultaneous quantification of atorvastatin, metformin and glimepiride in human plasma. Carbamazepine was used as internal standard (IS). The analytes were extracted from 200 μL aliquots of human plasma via protein precipitation using acetonitrile. The reconstituted samples were chromatographed on a Alltima HP C18 column by using a 60:40 (v/v) mixture of acetonitrile and 10 mM ammonium acetate (pH 3.0) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.1 mL/min. The calibration curves obtained were linear (r2≥0.99) over the concentration range of 0.50–150.03 ng/mL for atorvastatin, 12.14–1207.50 ng/mL for metformin and 4.98–494.29 ng/mL for glimepiride. The API-4000 LC–MS/MS in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was used for detection. The results of the intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy studies were well within the acceptable limits. All the analytes were found to be stable in a battery of stability studies. The method is precise and sensitive enough for its intended purpose. A run time of 2.5 min for each sample made it possible to analyze more than 300 plasma samples per day. The developed assay method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in human male volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasa Rao Polagani
- Research Studies, Rayalaseema University, Kurnool 518002, India.,Wellquest Clinical Research, Ramanthapur, Hyderabad 500013, India
| | | | | | - Venkateswarlu Gandu
- Department of Chemistry, Nizam College, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500001, India
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