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Zhang Y, Meng Z, Li S, Liu T, Song J, Li J, Zhang X. Two Antimicrobial Peptides Derived from Bacillus and Their Properties. Molecules 2023; 28:7899. [PMID: 38067628 PMCID: PMC10708539 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth promotion and disease prevention are important strategies in the modern husbandry industry, and for this reason, antibiotics are widely used as animal feed additives. However, the overuse of antibiotics has led to the serious problem of increasing resistance of pathogenic microorganisms, posing a major threat to the environment and human health. "Limiting antibiotics" and "Banning antibiotics" have become the inevitable trends in the development of the livestock feed industry, so the search for alternative antimicrobial agents has become a top priority. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) produced by Bacillus spp. have emerged as a promising alternative to antibiotics, due to their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against resistant pathogens. In this study, two strains of Bacillus velezensis 9-1 and B. inaquosorum 76-1 with good antibacterial activity were isolated from commercial feed additives, and the antimicrobial peptides produced by them were purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, anion exchange chromatography, gel chromatography, and RP-HPLC. Finally, two small molecule peptides, named peptide-I and peptide-II, were obtained from strain 9-1 and 76-1, respectively. The molecular weight and sequences of the peptides were analyzed and identified by LC-MS/MS, which were 988.5706 Da and VFLENVLR, and 1286.6255 Da and FSGSGSGTAFTLR, respectively. The results of an antibacterial activity and stability study showed that the two peptides had good antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, B. cereus, and Salmonella enterica, and the minimum inhibitory concentrations were 64 μg/mL and 16 μg/mL, 32 μg/mL and 64 μg/mL, and 8 μg/mL and 8 μg/mL, respectively. All of them have good heat, acid, and alkali resistance and protease stability, and can be further developed as feed antibiotic substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.M.); (S.L.)
| | - Zinuo Meng
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.M.); (S.L.)
| | - Shilong Li
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.M.); (S.L.)
| | - Ting Liu
- The Laboratory and Pathology Department, The Hospital of 82nd Group Army PLA, Baoding 071001, China; (T.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Juan Song
- The Laboratory and Pathology Department, The Hospital of 82nd Group Army PLA, Baoding 071001, China; (T.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Jia Li
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China;
| | - Xiumin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.M.); (S.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity Research and Application of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Microbial Breeding and Preservation of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
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2
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Lu X, Dou P, Li C, Zheng F, Zhou L, Xie X, Wang Z, Xu G. Annotation of Dipeptides and Tripeptides Derivatized via Dansylation Based on Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Iterative Quantitative Structure Retention Relationship. J Proteome Res 2023. [PMID: 37163573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Small peptides such as dipeptides and tripeptides show various biological activities in organisms. However, methods for identifying dipeptides/tripeptides from complex biological samples are lacking. Here, an annotation strategy involving the derivatization of dipeptides and tripeptides via dansylation was suggested based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and iterative quantitative structure retention relationship (QSRR) to choose dipeptides/tripeptides by using a small number of standards. First, the LC-autoMS/MS method and initial QSRR model were built based on 25 selected grid-dipeptides and 18 test-dipeptides. To achieve high-coverage detection, dipeptide/tripeptide pools containing abundant dipeptides/tripeptides were then obtained from four dansylated biological samples including serum, tissue, feces, and soybean paste by using the parameter-optimized LC-autoMS/MS method. The QSRR model was further optimized through an iterative train-by-pick strategy. Based on the specific fragments and tR tolerances, 198 dipeptides and 149 tripeptides were annotated. The dipeptides at lower annotation levels were verified by using authentic standards and grid-correlation analysis. Finally, variation in serum dipeptides/tripeptides of three different liver diseases including hepatitis B infection, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma was characterized. Dipeptides with N-prolinyl, C-proline, N-glutamyl, and N-valinyl generally increased with disease severity. In conclusion, this study provides an efficient strategy for annotating dipeptides/tripeptides from complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian 116031, China
| | - Peng Dou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian 116031, China
| | - Chao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Fujian Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lina Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian 116031, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guowang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian 116031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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3
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Fisher EN, Melnikov ES, Gegeckori V, Potoldykova NV, Enikeev DV, Pavlenko KA, Agatonovic-Kustrin S, Morton DW, Ramenskaya GV. Development and Validation of an LC-MS/MS Method for Simultaneous Determination of Short Peptide-Based Drugs in Human Blood Plasma. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227831. [PMID: 36431933 PMCID: PMC9695356 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel HPLC-ESI-MS/MS method for simultaneous gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogs and somatostatin analog quantitation was developed and validated. The developed method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic studies. The sample preparation process included solid-phase extraction (SPE). Effective chromatographic separation of the analytes and internal standard (dalargin) was achieved with a C18 column, using a gradient elution with two mobile phases: 0.1% v/v formic acid (aqueous solution) and 0.1% v/v formic acid (acetonitrile solution). The linearity of the method was demonstrated within a concentration range of 0.5-20 ng/mL, with correlation coefficients between 0.998-0.999 for goserelin, buserelin, triptorelin, and octreotide, respectively. The relative standard deviation (RSD, %) values for method accuracy and precision did not exceed 20% at the lower level of quantitation (LLOQ) or 15% at other concentration levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta N. Fisher
- I.M. Sechenov First MSMU of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Sechenov University, 8, Trubetskaya Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- LLC «CPHA», 20/3, Nauchny Proezd, 117246 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (E.N.F.); (S.A.-K.)
| | - Evgeny S. Melnikov
- I.M. Sechenov First MSMU of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Sechenov University, 8, Trubetskaya Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Clinical Hospital. I. V. Davidovsky, Department of Health of the City of Moscow, 11, Yauzskaya Street, 119027 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Gegeckori
- I.M. Sechenov First MSMU of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Sechenov University, 8, Trubetskaya Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalya V. Potoldykova
- Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, I.M. Sechenov First MSMU of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Sechenov University, 8, Trubetskaya Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V. Enikeev
- Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, I.M. Sechenov First MSMU of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Sechenov University, 8, Trubetskaya Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirill A. Pavlenko
- Moscow Clinical Scientific Center, 86, Shosse Enthuziastov, 111123 Moscow, Russia
| | - Snezana Agatonovic-Kustrin
- I.M. Sechenov First MSMU of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Sechenov University, 8, Trubetskaya Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, La Trobe University, Edwards Road, Flora Hill, VIC 3550, Australia
- Correspondence: (E.N.F.); (S.A.-K.)
| | - David W. Morton
- I.M. Sechenov First MSMU of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Sechenov University, 8, Trubetskaya Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, La Trobe University, Edwards Road, Flora Hill, VIC 3550, Australia
| | - Galina V. Ramenskaya
- I.M. Sechenov First MSMU of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Sechenov University, 8, Trubetskaya Street, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Turnpenny P, Dickie A, Malec J, McClements J. Retention-directed and selectivity controlled chromatographic resolution: Rapid post-hoc analysis of DMPK samples to achieve high-throughput LC-MS separation. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1164:122514. [PMID: 33477099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
High quality chromatographic separation underpins robustness in LC-MS, frequently the analytical method of choice for pharmaceutical drug discovery work. The potential improvements in chromatographic selectivity afforded by serial column coupling (SCC), provide a useful means to enhance the resolution of complex samples. In this work, we present a revised high-throughput form of SCC, in which just two individual mixed phase columns were coupled together and combined with a gradient-optimised, retention-directed ultra-high pressure method to achieve rapid separations, with no further method optimisation necessary. The overall performance was evaluated from an open access DMPK analytical working environment perspective; where in anticipation of bioanalytical or metabolite identification chromatography challenges, or with the knowledge that stronger resolution was required for in-vitro sample analysis, the methodology could be immediately implemented by the analyst. Retention-directed selection of a shallow SCC gradient method was successful in separating peaks throughout the chromatographic window, resulting in a runtime still congruent to high-throughput analyses (3.5 min). In-vitro assay sample interferences were resolved 44-72% of the time, and the overall resolving power for isomeric separations significantly improved against single column comparisons (1.7-fold mean RS improvement). Over a sustained period of time in our laboratory, SCC methods have been used for metabolite identification and bioanalytical samples, where both convenience and effectiveness in solving analytical challenges has been consistently demonstrated. Examples that highlight SCC chromatography, and a guided discussion of the main high-throughput considerations, are included. The technique offers wide applicability, and we would recommend it as a toolbox consideration to the laboratory analyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Turnpenny
- Evotec, Department of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Abingdon, Oxon, UK
| | - Anthony Dickie
- Evotec, Department of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Abingdon, Oxon, UK.
| | - Jed Malec
- Evotec, Department of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Abingdon, Oxon, UK
| | - Jordan McClements
- Evotec, Department of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Abingdon, Oxon, UK
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5
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A comparative study on properties of fish meat hydrolysates produced by an enzymatic process at high pressure. Food Sci Biotechnol 2019; 29:75-83. [PMID: 31976129 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-019-00648-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish meat hydrolysates (FMHs) were produced from nine fishes at a high pressure of 300 MPa using Flavourzyme 500MG and a protease mixture including Flavourzyme 500MG, Alcalase 2.4L, Protamex, and Marugoto E. The electropherograms of the FMHs showed major far-migrating peptide bands in the vicinity of 5 kDa. The total soluble solids (TSS) and soluble nitrogen content in the FMHs were species-specific and were mostly higher in the case of four-enzyme hydrolysis. Most of the HPLC peptide peaks of the rockfish meat hydrolysates appeared within 10 min of elution, and total free amino acids in the hydrolysate increased abruptly as a result of four-enzyme hydrolysis. The FMHs, which were high in TSS and soluble nitrogen, may be applicable for use in food as seasoning, and could be produced efficiently via the enzymatic process used in this study.
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Van Wanseele Y, Viaene J, Van den Borre L, Dewachter K, Vander Heyden Y, Smolders I, Van Eeckhaut A. LC-method development for the quantification of neuromedin-like peptides. Emphasis on column choice and mobile phase composition. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 137:104-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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7
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Challenges for the in vivo quantification of brain neuropeptides using microdialysis sampling and LC-MS. Bioanalysis 2016; 8:1965-85. [PMID: 27554986 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2016-0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, neuropeptides and their receptors have received an increased interest in neuropharmacological research. Although these molecules are considered relatively small compared with proteins, their in vivo quantification using microdialysis is more challenging than for small molecules. Low microdialysis recoveries, aspecific adsorption and the presence of various multiply charged precursor ions during ESI-MS/MS detection hampers the in vivo quantification of these low abundant biomolecules. Every step in the workflow, from sampling until analysis, has to be optimized to enable the sensitive analysis of these compounds in microdialysates.
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8
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Practical considerations in comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography systems (LCxLC) with reversed-phases in both dimensions. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 407:153-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8179-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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9
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Boonen J, D'hondt M, Veryser L, Peremans K, Burvenich C, Spiegeleer BD. A critical quality parameter in quantitative fused-core chromatography: The injection volume. J Pharm Anal 2013; 3:330-334. [PMID: 29403835 PMCID: PMC5760949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As part of the method development, the injection volume as a critical quality attribute in fast fused-core chromatography was evaluated. Spilanthol, a pharmaceutically interesting N-alkylamide currently under investigation in our laboratory, was chosen as the model compound. Spilanthol was dissolved in both PBS and MeOH/H2O (70/30, v/v) and subsequently analyzed using a fused-core system hereby selecting five chromatographic characteristics (retention time, area, height, theoretical plates and symmetry factor) as responses. We demonstrated that the injection volume significantly influenced both the qualitative and quantitative performance of fused-core chromatography, a phenomenon which is confounded with the nature of the used sample solvent. From 2 μL up to 100 μL injection volume with PBS as solvent, the symmetry factor decreased favorably by 20%. Moreover, the theoretical plates and the quantitative parameters (area and height) increased up to 30%. On the contrary, in this injection volume range, the theoretical plates for the methanol-based samples decreased by more than 60%, while the symmetry factor increased and the height decreased, both by 30%. The injection volume is thus a critical and often overlooked parameter in fused-core method description and validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jente Boonen
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matthias D'hondt
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lieselotte Veryser
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kathelijne Peremans
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Christian Burvenich
- Department of Comparative Physiology and Biometrics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Bart De Spiegeleer
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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D'Hondt M, Verbeke F, Stalmans S, Gevaert B, Wynendaele E, De Spiegeleer B. Derringer desirability and kinetic plot LC-column comparison approach for MS-compatible lipopeptide analysis. J Pharm Anal 2013; 4:173-182. [PMID: 29403880 PMCID: PMC5761130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopeptides are currently re-emerging as an interesting subgroup in the peptide research field, having historical applications as antibacterial and antifungal agents and new potential applications as antiviral, antitumor, immune-modulating and cell-penetrating compounds. However, due to their specific structure, chromatographic analysis often requires special buffer systems or the use of trifluoroacetic acid, limiting mass spectrometry detection. Therefore, we used a traditional aqueous/acetonitrile based gradient system, containing 0.1% (m/v) formic acid, to separate four pharmaceutically relevant lipopeptides (polymyxin B1, caspofungin, daptomycin and gramicidin A1), which were selected based upon hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA). In total, the performance of four different C18 columns, including one UPLC column, were evaluated using two parallel approaches. First, a Derringer desirability function was used, whereby six single and multiple chromatographic response values were rescaled into one overall D-value per column. Using this approach, the YMC Pack Pro C18 column was ranked as the best column for general MS-compatible lipopeptide separation. Secondly, the kinetic plot approach was used to compare the different columns at different flow rate ranges. As the optimal kinetic column performance is obtained at its maximal pressure, the length elongation factor λ (Pmax/Pexp) was used to transform the obtained experimental data (retention times and peak capacities) and construct kinetic performance limit (KPL) curves, allowing a direct visual and unbiased comparison of the selected columns, whereby the YMC Triart C18 UPLC and ACE C18 columns performed as best. Finally, differences in column performance and the (dis)advantages of both approaches are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias D'Hondt
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frederick Verbeke
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Stalmans
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bert Gevaert
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evelien Wynendaele
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart De Spiegeleer
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Stalmans S, Wynendaele E, Bracke N, Gevaert B, D’Hondt M, Peremans K, Burvenich C, De Spiegeleer B. Chemical-functional diversity in cell-penetrating peptides. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71752. [PMID: 23951237 PMCID: PMC3739727 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are a promising tool to overcome cell membrane barriers. They have already been successfully applied as carriers for several problematic cargoes, like e.g. plasmid DNA and (si)RNA, opening doors for new therapeutics. Although several hundreds of CPPs are already described in the literature, only a few commercial applications of CPPs are currently available. Cellular uptake studies of these peptides suffer from inconsistencies in used techniques and other experimental conditions, leading to uncertainties about their uptake mechanisms and structural properties. To clarify the structural characteristics influencing the cell-penetrating properties of peptides, the chemical-functional space of peptides, already investigated for cellular uptake, was explored. For 186 peptides, a new cell-penetrating (CP)-response was proposed, based upon the scattered quantitative results for cellular influx available in the literature. Principal component analysis (PCA) and a quantitative structure-property relationship study (QSPR), using chemo-molecular descriptors and our newly defined CP-response, learned that besides typical well-known properties of CPPs, i.e. positive charge and amphipathicity, the shape, structure complexity and the 3D-pattern of constituting atoms influence the cellular uptake capacity of peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Stalmans
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evelien Wynendaele
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Bracke
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bert Gevaert
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matthias D’Hondt
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kathelijne Peremans
- Department of Medical Imaging and Comparative Physiology and Biometrics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Christian Burvenich
- Department of Medical Imaging and Comparative Physiology and Biometrics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Bart De Spiegeleer
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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