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You H, Geng S, Li S, Imani M, Brambilla D, Sun T, Jiang C. Recent advances in biomimetic strategies for the immunotherapy of glioblastoma. Biomaterials 2024; 311:122694. [PMID: 38959533 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Immunotherapy is regarded as one of the most promising approaches for treating tumors, with a multitude of immunotherapeutic thoughts currently under consideration for the lethal glioblastoma (GBM). However, issues with immunotherapeutic agents, such as limited in vivo stability, poor blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration, insufficient GBM targeting, and represented monotherapy, have hindered the success of immunotherapeutic interventions. Moreover, even with the aid of conventional drug delivery systems, outcomes remain suboptimal. Biomimetic strategies seek to overcome these formidable drug delivery challenges by emulating nature's intelligent structures and functions. Leveraging the variety of biological structures and functions, biomimetic drug delivery systems afford a versatile platform with enhanced biocompatibility for the co-delivery of diverse immunotherapeutic agents. Moreover, their inherent capacity to traverse the BBB and home in on GBM holds promise for augmenting the efficacy of GBM immunotherapy. Thus, this review begins by revisiting the various thoughts and agents on immunotherapy for GBM. Then, the barriers to successful GBM immunotherapy are analyzed, and the corresponding biomimetic strategies are explored from the perspective of function and structure. Finally, the clinical translation's current state and prospects of biomimetic strategy are addressed. This review aspires to provide fresh perspectives on the advancement of immunotherapy for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu You
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery/Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases (Ministry of Education), Minhang Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shuo Geng
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery/Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases (Ministry of Education), Minhang Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shangkuo Li
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery/Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases (Ministry of Education), Minhang Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mohammad Imani
- Department of Science, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran 14977-13115, Iran; Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Institute for Convergence Science & Technology, Tehran 14588-89694, Iran
| | - Davide Brambilla
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal, Montreal Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Tao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery/Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases (Ministry of Education), Minhang Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Chen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery/Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases (Ministry of Education), Minhang Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
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Borges F, Laureano RS, Vanmeerbeek I, Sprooten J, Demeulenaere O, Govaerts J, Kinget L, Saraswat S, Beuselinck B, De Vleeschouwer S, Clement P, De Smet F, Sorg RV, Datsi A, Vigneron N, Naulaerts S, Garg AD. Trial watch: anticancer vaccination with dendritic cells. Oncoimmunology 2024; 13:2412876. [PMID: 39398476 PMCID: PMC11469433 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2024.2412876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2024] [Revised: 09/30/2024] [Accepted: 10/01/2024] [Indexed: 10/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are critical players at the intersection of innate and adaptive immunity, making them ideal candidates for anticancer vaccine development. DC-based immunotherapies typically involve isolating patient-derived DCs, pulsing them with tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) or tumor-specific antigens (TSAs), and utilizing maturation cocktails to ensure their effective activation. These matured DCs are then reinfused to elicit tumor-specific T-cell responses. While this approach has demonstrated the ability to generate potent immune responses, its clinical efficacy has been limited due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Recent efforts have focused on enhancing the immunogenicity of DC-based vaccines, particularly through combination therapies with T cell-targeting immunotherapies. This Trial Watch summarizes recent advances in DC-based cancer treatments, including the development of new preclinical and clinical strategies, and discusses the future potential of DC-based vaccines in the evolving landscape of immuno-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Borges
- Cell Stress & Immunity, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Raquel S. Laureano
- Cell Stress & Immunity, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isaure Vanmeerbeek
- Cell Stress & Immunity, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jenny Sprooten
- Cell Stress & Immunity, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Octavie Demeulenaere
- Cell Stress & Immunity, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jannes Govaerts
- Cell Stress & Immunity, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lisa Kinget
- Cell Stress & Immunity, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Saurabh Saraswat
- Cell Stress & Immunity, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Benoit Beuselinck
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven De Vleeschouwer
- Research Group Experimental Neurosurgery and Neuroanatomy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Clement
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frederik De Smet
- Laboratory for Precision Cancer Medicine, Translational Cell and Tissue Unit, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Institute for Single-Cell Omics (LISCO), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rüdiger V. Sorg
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Angeliki Datsi
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nathalie Vigneron
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Cellular Genetics Unit, Université de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stefan Naulaerts
- Cell Stress & Immunity, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Abhishek D. Garg
- Cell Stress & Immunity, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Karimi-Sani I, Molavi Z, Naderi S, Mirmajidi SH, Zare I, Naeimzadeh Y, Mansouri A, Tajbakhsh A, Savardashtaki A, Sahebkar A. Personalized mRNA vaccines in glioblastoma therapy: from rational design to clinical trials. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:601. [PMID: 39367418 PMCID: PMC11453023 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02882-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBMs) are the most common and aggressive malignant brain tumors, presenting significant challenges for treatment due to their invasive nature and localization in critical brain regions. Standard treatment includes surgical resection followed by radiation and adjuvant chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ). Recent advances in immunotherapy, including the use of mRNA vaccines, offer promising alternatives. This review focuses on the emerging use of mRNA vaccines for GBM treatment. We summarize recent advancements, evaluate current obstacles, and discuss notable successes in this field. Our analysis highlights that while mRNA vaccines have shown potential, their use in GBM treatment is still experimental. Ongoing research and clinical trials are essential to fully understand their therapeutic potential. Future developments in mRNA vaccine technology and insights into GBM-specific immune responses may lead to more targeted and effective treatments. Despite the promise, further research is crucial to validate and optimize the effectiveness of mRNA vaccines in combating GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Karimi-Sani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Molavi
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Naderi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyedeh-Habibeh Mirmajidi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Iman Zare
- Research and Development Department, Sina Medical Biochemistry Technologies Co. Ltd., Shiraz, 7178795844, Iran
| | - Yasaman Naeimzadeh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Atena Mansouri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Amir Tajbakhsh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Savardashtaki
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Infertility Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Li J, Zheng K, Lin L, Zhang M, Zhang Z, Chen J, Li S, Yao H, Liu A, Lin X, Liu G, Chen B. Reprogramming the Tumor Immune Microenvironment Through Activatable Photothermal Therapy and GSH depletion Using Liposomal Gold Nanocages to Potentiate Anti-Metastatic Immunotherapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2407388. [PMID: 39359043 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202407388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2024] [Revised: 09/22/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy offers significant clinical benefits for patients with advanced or metastatic tumors. However, immunotherapeutic efficacy is often hindered by the tumor microenvironment's high redox levels, leading to variable patient outcomes. Herein, a therapeutic liposomal gold nanocage (MGL) is innovatively developed based on photo-triggered hyperthermia and a releasable strategy by combining a glutathione (GSH) depletion to remodel the tumor immune microenvironment, fostering a more robust anti-tumor immune response. MGL comprises a thermosensitive liposome shell and a gold nanocage core loaded with maleimide. The flexible shell promotes efficient uptake by cancer cells, enabling targeted destruction through photothermal therapy while triggering immunogenic cell death and the maturation of antigen-presenting cells. The photoactivated release of maleimide depletes intracellular GSH, increasing tumor cell sensitivity to oxidative stress and thermal damage. Conversely, GSH reduction also diminishes immunosuppressive cell activity, enhances antigen presentation, and activates T cells. Moreover, photothermal immunotherapy decreases elevated levels of heat shock proteins in tumor cells, further increasing their sensitivity to hyperthermia. In summary, MGL elicited a robust systemic antitumor immune response through GSH depletion, facilitating an effective photothermal immunotherapeutic strategy that reprograms the tumor microenvironment and significantly inhibits primary and metastatic tumors. This approach demonstrates considerable translational potential and clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Li
- Key Laboratory of Nanomedical Technology (Education Department of Fujian Province), Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, P. R. China
| | - Kaifan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Nanomedical Technology (Education Department of Fujian Province), Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, P. R. China
| | - Luping Lin
- Key Laboratory of Nanomedical Technology (Education Department of Fujian Province), Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, P. R. China
| | - Mengdi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nanomedical Technology (Education Department of Fujian Province), Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, P. R. China
| | - Ziqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nanomedical Technology (Education Department of Fujian Province), Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, P. R. China
| | - Junyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Nanomedical Technology (Education Department of Fujian Province), Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, P. R. China
| | - Shaoguang Li
- Key Laboratory of Nanomedical Technology (Education Department of Fujian Province), Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, P. R. China
| | - Hong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Nanomedical Technology (Education Department of Fujian Province), Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, P. R. China
| | - Ailin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nanomedical Technology (Education Department of Fujian Province), Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, P. R. China
| | - Xinhua Lin
- Key Laboratory of Nanomedical Technology (Education Department of Fujian Province), Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, P. R. China
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Nanomedical Technology (Education Department of Fujian Province), Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, P. R. China
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Wu S, Lin L, Shi L, Liu S. An overview of lipid constituents in lipid nanoparticle mRNA delivery systems. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 16:e1978. [PMID: 38965928 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
mRNA therapeutics have shown great potential for a broad spectrum of disease treatment. However, the challenges of mRNA's inherent instability and difficulty in cellular entry have hindered its progress in the biomedical field. To address the cellular barriers and deliver mRNA to cells of interest, various delivery systems are designed. Among these, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) stand out as the most extensively used mRNA delivery systems, particularly following the clinical approvals of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccines. LNPs are comprised of ionizable cationic lipids, phospholipids, cholesterol, and polyethylene glycol derived lipids (PEG-lipids). In this review, we primarily summarize the recent advancements of the LNP mRNA delivery technology, focusing on the structures of four lipid constituents and their biomedical applications. We delve into structure-activity relationships of the lipids, while also exploring the future prospects and challenges in developing more efficacious mRNA delivery systems. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Lipid-Based Structures Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lixin Lin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Shi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Aghajani M, Jalilzadeh N, Aghebati-Maleki A, Yari A, Tabnak P, Mardi A, Saeedi H, Aghebati-Maleki L, Baradaran B. Current approaches in glioblastoma multiforme immunotherapy. Clin Transl Oncol 2024; 26:1584-1612. [PMID: 38512448 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-024-03395-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is the most prevalent CNS (central nervous system) tumor in adults, with an average survival length shorter than 2 years and rare metastasis to organs other than CNS. Despite extensive attempts at surgical resecting, the inherently permeable nature of this disease has rendered relapse nearly unavoidable. Thus, immunotherapy is a feasible alternative, as stimulated immune cells can enter into the remote and inaccessible tumor cells. Immunotherapy has revolutionized patient upshots in various malignancies and might introduce different effective ways for GBM patients. Currently, researchers are exploring various immunotherapeutic strategies in patients with GBM to target both the innate and acquired immune responses. These approaches include reprogrammed tumor-associated macrophages, the use of specific antibodies to inhibit tumor progression and metastasis, modifying tumor-associated macrophages with antibodies, vaccines that utilize tumor-specific dendritic cells to activate anti-tumor T cells, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and enhanced T cells that function against tumor cells. Despite these findings, there is still room for improving the response faults of the many currently tested immunotherapies. This study aims to review the currently used immunotherapy approaches with their molecular mechanisms and clinical application in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Aghajani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nazila Jalilzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Aghebati-Maleki
- Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Modern Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Yari
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Peyman Tabnak
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Mardi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Saeedi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leili Aghebati-Maleki
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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He W, Wang N, Wang Y, Liu M, Qing Q, Su Q, Zou Y, Liu Y. Engineering Nanomedicine for Non-Viral RNA-Based Gene Therapy of Glioblastoma. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:482. [PMID: 38675144 PMCID: PMC11054437 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common type of malignant tumor of the central nervous system, characterized by aggressiveness, genetic instability, heterogenesis, and unpredictable clinical behavior. Disappointing results from the current clinical therapeutic methods have fueled a search for new therapeutic targets and treatment modalities. GBM is characterized by various genetic alterations, and RNA-based gene therapy has raised particular attention in GBM therapy. Here, we review the recent advances in engineered non-viral nanocarriers for RNA drug delivery to treat GBM. Therapeutic strategies concerning the brain-targeted delivery of various RNA drugs involving siRNA, microRNA, mRNA, ASO, and short-length RNA and the therapeutical mechanisms of these drugs to tackle the challenges of chemo-/radiotherapy resistance, recurrence, and incurable stem cell-like tumor cells of GBM are herein outlined. We also highlight the progress, prospects, and remaining challenges of non-viral nanocarriers-mediated RNA-based gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenya He
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (W.H.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-Nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Ningyang Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-Nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nanobiomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (W.H.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-Nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Mengyao Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-Nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nanobiomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Qian Qing
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-Nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nanobiomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Qihang Su
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-Nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nanobiomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yan Zou
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-Nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nanobiomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Translational Medicine Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-Nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
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Xiang N, Zhang K, Zhao Y, Xu C, Zhang X, Meng S. Characterization of antigen presentation capability for neoantigen-based products using targeted LC-MS/MS method. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 240:115886. [PMID: 38184916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The generation of an immune response in neoantigen-based products relies on antigen presentation, which is closely analyzed by bioassays for T-cell functions such as tetramer or cytokine release. Mass spectrometry (MS) has the potential to directly assess the antigen-presenting capability of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), offering advantages such as speed, multi-target analysis, robustness, and ease of transferability. However, it has not been used for quality control of these products due to challenges in sensitivity, including the number of cells and peptide diversity. In this study, we describe the development and validation of an improved targeted LC-MS/MS method with high sensitivity for characterizing antigen presentation, which could be applied in the quality control of neoantigen-based products. The parameters for the extraction were carefully optimized by different short peptides. Highly sensitive targeted triple quadrupole mass spectrometry combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) was employed using a selective ion monitoring mode (Multiple Reaction Monitoring, MRM). Besides, we successfully implemented robust quality control peptides to ensure the reliability and consistency of this method, which proved invaluable for different APCs. With reference to the guidelines from ICH Q2 (R2), M10, as well as considering the specific attributes of the product itself, we validated the method for selectivity, specificity, sensitivity, limit of detection (LOD), recovery rate, matrix effect, repeatability, and application in dendritic cells (DCs) associated with neoantigen-based products. The validation process yields satisfactory results. Combining this approach with T cell assays will comprehensively assess cell product quality attributes from physicochemical and biological perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xiang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; The Cell Collection and Research Center, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 31 Huatuo St., Daxing District, Beijing, China
| | - Kehua Zhang
- The Cell Collection and Research Center, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 31 Huatuo St., Daxing District, Beijing, China
| | - Yinghua Zhao
- SCIEX China, 5F, Building 1, No. 24 Jiuxianqiao Middle Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Chongfeng Xu
- The Cell Collection and Research Center, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 31 Huatuo St., Daxing District, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuqing Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Shufang Meng
- The Cell Collection and Research Center, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 31 Huatuo St., Daxing District, Beijing, China.
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Kosianova А, Pak O, Bryukhovetskiy I. Regulation of cancer stem cells and immunotherapy of glioblastoma (Review). Biomed Rep 2024; 20:24. [PMID: 38170016 PMCID: PMC10758921 DOI: 10.3892/br.2023.1712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is one of the most adverse diagnoses in oncology. Complex current treatment results in a median survival of 15 months. Resistance to treatment is associated with the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs). The present review aimed to analyze the mechanisms of CSC plasticity, showing the particular role of β-catenin in regulating vital functions of CSCs, and to describe the molecular mechanisms of Wnt-independent increase of β-catenin levels, which is influenced by the local microenvironment of CSCs. The present review also analyzed the reasons for the low effectiveness of using medication in the regulation of CSCs, and proposed the development of immunotherapy scenarios with tumor cell vaccines, containing heterogenous cancer cells able of producing a multidirectional antineoplastic immune response. Additionally, the possibility of managing lymphopenia by transplanting hematopoietic stem cells from a healthy sibling and using clofazimine or other repurposed drugs that reduce β-catenin concentration in CSCs was discussed in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Аleksandra Kosianova
- Medical Center, School of Medicine and Life Science, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690091, Russian Federation
| | - Oleg Pak
- Medical Center, School of Medicine and Life Science, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690091, Russian Federation
| | - Igor Bryukhovetskiy
- Medical Center, School of Medicine and Life Science, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690091, Russian Federation
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10
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Xiong Z, Raphael I, Olin M, Okada H, Li X, Kohanbash G. Glioblastoma vaccines: past, present, and opportunities. EBioMedicine 2024; 100:104963. [PMID: 38183840 PMCID: PMC10808938 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most lethal central nervous systems (CNS) tumours in adults. As supplements to standard of care (SOC), various immunotherapies improve the therapeutic effect in other cancers. Among them, tumour vaccines can serve as complementary monotherapy or boost the clinical efficacy with other immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T) therapy. Previous studies in GBM therapeutic vaccines have suggested that few neoantigens could be targeted in GBM due to low mutation burden, and single-peptide therapeutic vaccination had limited efficacy in tumour control as monotherapy. Combining diverse antigens, including neoantigens, tumour-associated antigens (TAAs), and pathogen-derived antigens, and optimizing vaccine design or vaccination strategy may help with clinical efficacy improvement. In this review, we discussed current GBM therapeutic vaccine platforms, evaluated and potential antigenic targets, current challenges, and perspective opportunities for efficacy improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zujian Xiong
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15201, USA; Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China
| | - Itay Raphael
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15201, USA
| | - Michael Olin
- Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Hideho Okada
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Xuejun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China; Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008 PR China.
| | - Gary Kohanbash
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15201, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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11
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Lin F, Lin EZ, Anekoji M, Ichim TE, Hu J, Marincola FM, Jones LD, Kesari S, Ashili S. Advancing personalized medicine in brain cancer: exploring the role of mRNA vaccines. J Transl Med 2023; 21:830. [PMID: 37978542 PMCID: PMC10656921 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04724-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Advancing personalized medicine in brain cancer relies on innovative strategies, with mRNA vaccines emerging as a promising avenue. While the initial use of mRNA vaccines was in oncology, their stunning success in COVID-19 resulted in widespread attention, both positive and negative. Regardless of politically biased opinions, which relate more to the antigenic source than form of delivery, we feel it is important to objectively review this modality as relates to brain cancer. This class of vaccines trigger robust immune responses through MHC-I and MHC-II pathways, in both prophylactic and therapeutic settings. The mRNA platform offers advantages of rapid development, high potency, cost-effectiveness, and safety. This review provides an overview of mRNA vaccine delivery technologies, tumor antigen identification, combination therapies, and recent therapeutic outcomes, with a particular focus on brain cancer. Combinatorial approaches are vital to maximizing mRNA cancer vaccine efficacy, with ongoing clinical trials exploring combinations with adjuvants and checkpoint inhibitors and even adoptive cell therapy. Efficient delivery, neoantigen identification, preclinical studies, and clinical trial results are highlighted, underscoring mRNA vaccines' potential in advancing personalized medicine for brain cancer. Synergistic combinatorial therapies play a crucial role, emphasizing the need for continued research and collaboration in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Lin
- CureScience Institute, 5820 Oberlin Drive Ste 202, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
| | - Emma Z Lin
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Misa Anekoji
- CureScience Institute, 5820 Oberlin Drive Ste 202, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Thomas E Ichim
- Therapeutic Solutions International, Oceanside, CA, 92056, USA
| | - Joyce Hu
- Sonata Therapeutics, Watertown, MA, 02472, USA
| | | | - Lawrence D Jones
- CureScience Institute, 5820 Oberlin Drive Ste 202, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Santosh Kesari
- Saint John's Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, CA, 90404, USA
| | - Shashaanka Ashili
- CureScience Institute, 5820 Oberlin Drive Ste 202, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
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12
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Gardam B, Gargett T, Brown MP, Ebert LM. Targeting the dendritic cell-T cell axis to develop effective immunotherapies for glioblastoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1261257. [PMID: 37928547 PMCID: PMC10623138 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1261257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is an aggressive primary brain tumor that has seen few advances in treatments for over 20 years. In response to this desperate clinical need, multiple immunotherapy strategies are under development, including CAR-T cells, immune checkpoint inhibitors, oncolytic viruses and dendritic cell vaccines, although these approaches are yet to yield significant clinical benefit. Potential reasons for the lack of success so far include the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, the blood-brain barrier, and systemic changes to the immune system driven by both the tumor and its treatment. Furthermore, while T cells are essential effector cells for tumor control, dendritic cells play an equally important role in T cell activation, and emerging evidence suggests the dendritic cell compartment may be deeply compromised in glioblastoma patients. In this review, we describe the immunotherapy approaches currently under development for glioblastoma and the challenges faced, with a particular emphasis on the critical role of the dendritic cell-T cell axis. We suggest a number of strategies that could be used to boost dendritic cell number and function and propose that the use of these in combination with T cell-targeting strategies could lead to successful tumor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Gardam
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and South Australia (SA) Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Tessa Gargett
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and South Australia (SA) Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Cancer Clinical Trials Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Michael P. Brown
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and South Australia (SA) Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Cancer Clinical Trials Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Lisa M. Ebert
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and South Australia (SA) Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Cancer Clinical Trials Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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13
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Gorodilova AV, Kitaeva KV, Filin IY, Mayasin YP, Kharisova CB, Issa SS, Solovyeva VV, Rizvanov AA. The Potential of Dendritic Cell Subsets in the Development of Personalized Immunotherapy for Cancer Treatment. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:8053-8070. [PMID: 37886952 PMCID: PMC10605421 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45100509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of dendritic cells (DCs) in 1973 by Ralph Steinman, a tremendous amount of knowledge regarding these innate immunity cells has been accumulating. Their role in regulating both innate and adaptive immune processes is gradually being uncovered. DCs are proficient antigen-presenting cells capable of activating naive T-lymphocytes to initiate and generate effective anti-tumor responses. Although DC-based immunotherapy has not yielded significant results, the substantial number of ongoing clinical trials underscores the relevance of DC vaccines, particularly as adjunctive therapy or in combination with other treatment options. This review presents an overview of current knowledge regarding human DCs, their classification, and the functions of distinct DC populations. The stepwise process of developing therapeutic DC vaccines to treat oncological diseases is discussed, along with speculation on the potential of combined therapy approaches and the role of DC vaccines in modern immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Valerevna Gorodilova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (A.V.G.); (K.V.K.); (I.Y.F.); (Y.P.M.); (C.B.K.); (V.V.S.)
| | - Kristina Viktorovna Kitaeva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (A.V.G.); (K.V.K.); (I.Y.F.); (Y.P.M.); (C.B.K.); (V.V.S.)
| | - Ivan Yurevich Filin
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (A.V.G.); (K.V.K.); (I.Y.F.); (Y.P.M.); (C.B.K.); (V.V.S.)
| | - Yuri Pavlovich Mayasin
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (A.V.G.); (K.V.K.); (I.Y.F.); (Y.P.M.); (C.B.K.); (V.V.S.)
| | - Chulpan Bulatovna Kharisova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (A.V.G.); (K.V.K.); (I.Y.F.); (Y.P.M.); (C.B.K.); (V.V.S.)
| | - Shaza S. Issa
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Valeriya Vladimirovna Solovyeva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (A.V.G.); (K.V.K.); (I.Y.F.); (Y.P.M.); (C.B.K.); (V.V.S.)
| | - Albert Anatolyevich Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (A.V.G.); (K.V.K.); (I.Y.F.); (Y.P.M.); (C.B.K.); (V.V.S.)
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