1
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Flieger J, Raszewska-Famielec M, Radzikowska-Büchner E, Flieger W. Skin Protection by Carotenoid Pigments. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1431. [PMID: 38338710 PMCID: PMC10855854 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Sunlight, despite its benefits, can pose a threat to the skin, which is a natural protective barrier. Phototoxicity caused by overexposure, especially to ultraviolet radiation (UVR), results in burns, accelerates photoaging, and causes skin cancer formation. Natural substances of plant origin, i.e., polyphenols, flavonoids, and photosynthetic pigments, can protect the skin against the effects of radiation, acting not only as photoprotectors like natural filters but as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory remedies, alleviating the effects of photodamage to the skin. Plant-based formulations are gaining popularity as an attractive alternative to synthetic filters. Over the past 20 years, a large number of studies have been published to assess the photoprotective effects of natural plant products, primarily through their antioxidant, antimutagenic, and anti-immunosuppressive activities. This review selects the most important data on skin photodamage and photoprotective efficacy of selected plant carotenoid representatives from in vivo studies on animal models and humans, as well as in vitro experiments performed on fibroblast and keratinocyte cell lines. Recent research on carotenoids associated with lipid nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, liposomes, and micelles is reviewed. The focus was on collecting those nanomaterials that serve to improve the bioavailability and stability of carotenoids as natural antioxidants with photoprotective activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Flieger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Raszewska-Famielec
- Faculty of Physical Education and Health, University of Physicl Education, Akademicka 2, 21-500 Biała Podlaska, Poland;
| | - Elżbieta Radzikowska-Büchner
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Maxillary Surgery, National Medical Institute of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration, Wołoska 137 Street, 02-507 Warszawa, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Flieger
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, K. Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
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2
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Minaberry YS, Svarc FE. Sun protection, progress, myths, and inconsistencies (a proposal for the democratization of ISO 24443). Photochem Photobiol 2024; 100:244-253. [PMID: 37344925 DOI: 10.1111/php.13827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
The concept of modern human sun protection is no more than one hundred years, but real development of it, including protection against UVA + UVB radiation (and more recently also the IR and blue light), has been no more than 30 years. One fundamental issue while formulating sunscreens is the photostability of the UV filters, which is particularly feeble for the UVA. The gold standard for the determination of sunscreen UVA protection "in vitro" is ISO 24443:2021. Still, interlaboratory results are not as consistent as expected. The Technical Committee for Cosmetics (ISO TC 217) has tried to standardize the method with precise specifications for the materials and equipment used. In particular, the standardization of UV exposure sources based on Xe arc lamps. This fact requires expensive equipment out of the reach of many laboratories to achieve adequate temperature control on the samples. In this paper, it will be shown that, within the experimental error, satisfactory results were achieved with a cheap commercial LED source irradiating only in the UVA spectra. Evidence is presented to conclude that other more relevant factors must be considered as the main cause of uncertainties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanina Susana Minaberry
- DQIAQF, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico Eugenio Svarc
- DQIAQF, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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3
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Oh JJ, Kim JY, Son SH, Jung WJ, Kim DH, Seo JW, Kim GH. Fungal melanin as a biocompatible broad-spectrum sunscreen with high antioxidant activity. RSC Adv 2021; 11:19682-19689. [PMID: 35479243 PMCID: PMC9033651 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02583j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanin is considered a bio-inspired dermo-cosmetic component due to its high UV absorption and antioxidant activity. Among various melanin sources, fungal melanin is a promising candidate for sunscreen because of its sustainability and scalability; however, quantitative assessment of its function has not yet been sufficiently explored. In this study, melanin samples derived from Amorphotheca resinae were prepared, followed by the evaluation of their sunscreen performance, antioxidant activity, and cytotoxicity. Melanin-blended cream was prepared by blending a melanin suspension and a pure cream. The cream showed an in vitro sun protection factor value of 2.5 when the pigment content was 5%. The cream showed a critical wavelength of approximately 388 nm and a UVA/UVB ratio of more than 0.81, satisfying the broad-spectrum sunscreen requirement. Oxygen radical absorbance capacity assays indicated that fungal melanin had antioxidant activity similar to ascorbic acid but higher than reduced glutathione. Fungal melanin had no statistically significant cytotoxicity to human keratinocyte cell lines until 72 h of exposure, even at a concentration of 4 mg mL-1. Consequently, melanin pigment can be used as a biocompatible broad-spectrum sunscreen with high antioxidant activity and as a practical alternative in dermo-cosmetic formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Joo Oh
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu Seoul 02841 Korea +82 2 3290 9753 +82 2 3290 3014
| | - Jee Young Kim
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu Seoul 02841 Korea +82 2 3290 9753 +82 2 3290 3014
| | - Seung Han Son
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University Seoul 04763 Korea
| | - Won-Jo Jung
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University Sejong 30019 Korea
| | - Da Hee Kim
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu Seoul 02841 Korea +82 2 3290 9753 +82 2 3290 3014
| | - Jin-Woo Seo
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu Seoul 02841 Korea +82 2 3290 9753 +82 2 3290 3014
| | - Gyu-Hyeok Kim
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu Seoul 02841 Korea +82 2 3290 9753 +82 2 3290 3014
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4
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Adeniyi AA, Conradie J. Exploring substituents and solvent effects on the reduction potential and molecular properties of five derivatives of hydroxybenzophenone (HBP) with their possible conformations and isomers. Struct Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-020-01685-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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5
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Lorigo M, Cairrao E. Antioxidants as stabilizers of UV filters: an example for the UV-B filter octylmethoxycinnamate. BIOMEDICAL DERMATOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s41702-019-0048-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Sunlight is one of the main harmful exogenous factors that induce the reactive oxygen species formation. The human skin is the first line of photoprotection against harmful exogenous factors, such as UV radiations. The topical application of sunscreens, containing UV-B filters, is widely used to protect against UV-induced damage. Octylmethoxycinnamate is the world’s most widely used UV-B filter in sunscreens. However, recent studies have demonstrated that this substance is an endocrine disruptor compound and with potential to damage DNA. Thus, the safety of this organic filter is a current concern for human health, and it was urgent to develop new photoprotective strategies. In this sense, due to the potential to neutralize the UV-induced free radicals, the use of antioxidants as UV filter stabilizers presented as a novel promising strategy.
Research
The purpose of this review was to assess the use of antioxidants as stabilizers for UV-B filter octylmethoxycinnamate. For this, we discuss the chemical and physical characteristics of UV-B filter octylmethoxycinnamate, emphasizing the stability, photostability, and reactivity of this UV filter. The use of antioxidants in sunscreens will also be addressed, from a perspective of the main characteristics that allowed their use in sunscreen formulations. Then, the concomitant use of both was described from a historical and physical chemical perspective, always emphasizing the advantages and disadvantages of this association.
Conclusions
The combination of antioxidants with UV-B filter octylmethoxycinnamate in appropriated formulations represents a viable strategy to protect the human skin against UV-induced damage.
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6
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Wang J, Lei Y, Guo Y, Wang J, Ma J. Investigation of different photochemical reactions of avobenzone derivatives by ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:3000-3007. [PMID: 31763661 DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00333a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Avobenzone (AB) is one of the most widely used UVA sunscreens, and it is viewed as a model compound for studying the photoisomerization process. In recent years, Miranda and co-workers studied photophysical and photochemical reactions of several AB derivatives. However, there is still a gap in the data of these compounds in the ultrafast time region. To get a better understanding of the photophysical and photochemical reaction mechanisms, selected AB derivatives of AB-Me, AB-Pr, AB-Br and AB-Cl were studied using ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations in the present study. It is unravelled that alkylated substituted AB compounds of AB-Me and AB-Pr exhibit an efficient intersystem crossing with the generation of the corresponding triplet state species, which further leads to the Norrish type II reaction for AB-Pr. On the other hand, AB-Br and AB-Cl prefer photochemical reactions via the singlet state surface. Based on the DFT calculations, the spin-orbit coupling constant between the singlet and triplet states, the energy difference between the singlet and triplet states and the natural transition orbital separations of the studied AB compounds were found to be the leading reasons accounting for their corresponding photochemical activities via singlet and triplet states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, P. R. China.
| | - Yibo Lei
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, P. R. China.
| | - Yan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, P. R. China.
| | - Junxiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, P. R. China.
| | - Jiani Ma
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, P. R. China.
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7
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Fidrus E, Ujhelyi Z, Fehér P, Hegedűs C, Janka EA, Paragh G, Vasas G, Bácskay I, Remenyik É. Silymarin: Friend or Foe of UV Exposed Keratinocytes? Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24091652. [PMID: 31035502 PMCID: PMC6540143 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of natural plant extracts in UV-protection is popular and intensively studied. Silymarin (from Silibum marianum), a naturally occurring polyphenol, has recently received attention due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. However, its role in the UV-mediated keratinocyte cell response is still controversial. In this study, we investigated the effects of Silibum marianum extracts with different origins and formulations on UVA-exposed HaCaT keratinocytes in vitro. Our results show, that silymarin treatment caused an inverse dose-dependent photosensitivity relationship (at higher doses, a decrease in cell viability and ROS production) after UVA exposure. The attenuation of the UVA-induced ROS generation after silymarin treatment was also observed. Moreover, silymarin pre-treatment increased the cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer photolesions in keratinocytes after UVA exposure. These results indicated the dual role of silymarin in UVA-exposed keratinocytes. It scavenges ROS but still induces phototoxicity. Based on our results dermatological applications of silymarin and related compounds should be considered very carefully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Fidrus
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Zoltán Ujhelyi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Pálma Fehér
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Csaba Hegedűs
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Eszter Anna Janka
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - György Paragh
- Departments of Dermatology and Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Gábos Vasas
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Ildikó Bácskay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei körút 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Éva Remenyik
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
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8
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Wang CC, Chen HF, Wu JY, Chen LG. Stability of Principal Hydrolysable Tannins from Trapa taiwanensis Hulls. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24020365. [PMID: 30669614 PMCID: PMC6359050 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24020365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The fruit and hulls of the water caltrop (Trapa taiwanensis Nakai) are used as hepatoprotective herbal tea ingredients in Taiwan. The stability of hydrolysable tannins in herbal drinks has rarely been reported. In the present study, two hydrolysable tannins, tellimagrandin II (TGII) and 1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloylglucopyranose (PGG), were isolated from water caltrop hulls. The stability of the two compounds was evaluated by treatment with various pH buffer solutions, simulated gastric fluid and intestinal fluid, different temperatures, and photo-irradiation at 352 nm in different solvents. Results showed that TGII and PGG were more stable in a pH 2.0 buffer solution (with 91.88% remaining) and in a water solution with 352 nm irradiation (with 95% remaining). TGII and PGG were more stable in methanol or ethanol solutions (with >93.69% remaining) than in an aqueous solution (with <43.52% remaining) at 100 °C. In simulated gastric fluid, more than 96% of the hydrolysable tannins remained after incubation at 37 °C for 4 h. However, these hydrolysable tannins were unstable in simulated intestinal fluid, as after incubation at 37 °C for 9 h, the content of TGII had decreased to 31.40% and of PGG to 12.46%. The synthetic antioxidants, butyl hydroxy anisole (BHA), di-butyl hydroxy toluene (BHT), and propyl gallate, did not exhibit photoprotective effects on these hydrolysable tannins. However, catechin, a natural antioxidant, displayed a weak photoprotective effect. Ascorbic acid had a short-term thermal-protective effect but not a long-term protective effect. The different stability properties of hydrolysable tannins in solutions can be used in the development of related herbal teas in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chiung Wang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Hsyeh-Fang Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan.
| | - Jin-Yi Wu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan.
| | - Lih-Geeng Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan.
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9
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Puertas-Mejía MA, Gutierrez-Villegas MI, Mejía-Giraldo JC, Winkler R, Rojano B. In vitro UV absorption properties and radical scavenging capacity of Morella parvifolia (Benth.) Parra-Os. extracts. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902018000317498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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10
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Lin YC, Lin CF, Alalaiwe A, Wang PW, Fang YP, Fang JY. UV filter entrapment in mesoporous silica hydrogel for skin protection against UVA with minimization of percutaneous absorption. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 122:185-194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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11
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Gackowska A, Studziński W, Kudlek E, Dudziak M, Gaca J. Estimation of physicochemical properties of 2-ethylhexyl-4-methoxycinnamate (EHMC) degradation products and their toxicological evaluation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:16037-16049. [PMID: 29594898 PMCID: PMC5984635 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1796-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The organic UV filters, commonly used in personal protection products, are of concern because of their potential risk to aquatic ecosystems and living organisms. One of UV filters is ethylhexyl-4-methoxycinnamate (EHMC) acid. Studies have shown that, in the presence of oxidizing and chlorinating factors, EHMC forms a series of products with different properties than the substrate. In this study, the toxicities of EHMC and its transformation/degradation products formed under the influence of NaOCl/UV and H2O2/UV systems in the water medium were tested using Microtox® bioassay and by observation of mortality of juvenile crustaceans Daphnia magna and Artemia Salina. We have observed that oxidation and chlorination products of EHMC show significantly higher toxicity than EHMC alone. The toxicity of chemicals is related to their physicochemical characteristic such as lipophilicity and substituent groups. With the increase in lipophilicity of products, expressed as log KOW, the toxicity (EC50) increases. On the basis of physicochemical properties such as vapour pressure (VP), solubility (S), octanol-water partition coefficient (KOW), bioconcentration factor (BCF) and half-lives, the overall persistence (POV) and long-range transport potential (LRTP) of all the products and EHMC were calculated. It was shown that the most persistent and traveling on the long distances in environment are methoxyphenol chloroderivatives, then methoxybenzene chloroderivatives, EHMC chloroderivatives, methoxybenzaldehyde chloroderivatives and methoxycinnamate acid chloroderivatives. These compounds are also characterised by high toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Gackowska
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, UTP University of Science and Technology, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Waldemar Studziński
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, UTP University of Science and Technology, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Edyta Kudlek
- Institute of Water and Wastewater Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 18, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Mariusz Dudziak
- Institute of Water and Wastewater Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 18, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Jerzy Gaca
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, UTP University of Science and Technology, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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12
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Kawakami CM, Máximo LNC, Fontanezi BB, da Silva RS, Gaspar LR. Diethylamino hydroxybenzoyl hexyl benzoate (DHHB) as additive to the UV filter avobenzone in cosmetic sunscreen formulations - Evaluation of the photochemical behavior and photostabilizing effect. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 99:299-309. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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13
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Shamoto Y, Yagi M, Oguchi-Fujiyama N, Miyazawa K, Kikuchi A. Photophysical properties of hexyl diethylaminohydroxybenzoylbenzoate (Uvinul A Plus), a UV-A absorber. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2017; 16:1449-1457. [DOI: 10.1039/c7pp00164a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
DHHB (photostable UV-A absorber) may act as a triplet energy donor for OMC (the most widely used UV-B absorber) because the T1energy of DHHB is higher than that of OMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Shamoto
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Yokohama National University
- Yokohama 240-8501
- Japan
| | - Mikio Yagi
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Yokohama National University
- Yokohama 240-8501
- Japan
| | | | | | - Azusa Kikuchi
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Yokohama National University
- Yokohama 240-8501
- Japan
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14
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Commercial sunscreen formulations: UVB irradiation stability and effect on UVB irradiation-induced skin oxidative stress and inflammation. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 163:413-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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15
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Neunert G, Szwengiel A, Walejko P, Witkowski S, Polewski K. Photostability of alpha-tocopherol ester derivatives in solutions and liposomes. Spectroscopic and LC-MS studies. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 160:121-7. [PMID: 27107331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
α-Tocopherol (Toc) is known to degrade to the tocopheroxyl radicals (Toc) by exposure to UV light irradiation. In the present study, the stability of Toc ester derivatives exposed to UV light was investigated and compared with Toc in organic solution and in phospholipid vesicles. To follow the depletion of Toc and its esters the absorbance and fluorescence methods were applied whereas degradation products were detected using LC-MS method. The irradiation with UVB light of air-equilibrated solutions of di-α-Tocopheryl malonate (DTMO), α-Tocopheryl malonate (TMO) and α-Tocopheryl succinate (TS) strongly modifies their absorption and fluorescence spectra. Upon UVB irradiation, absorption band at 279/285nm becomes less pronounced indicating the photodegradation of esters. During irradiation, the fluorescence maximum of esters at 305nm shifts to 326nm, a maximum characteristic for Toc. Photorecovery of Toc from its esters derivatives was finally confirmed by LC-MS method. Among studied esters, only α-tocopheryl nicotinate (TN) did not undergo depletion and appeared resistant to UVB radiation. Kinetic studies indicated that photoinduced transformation occurs through the first order consecutive reaction chain mechanism. The photodissociation of Toc esters in the liposomes occurred with one order of magnitude slower than in organic solvents. Using MS/MS method it was found that final stable product of irradiation was α-tocopheryl quinone (TQ), an animal and plant metabolite of Toc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazyna Neunert
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 38/42, 60-637 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Artur Szwengiel
- Institute of Food Technology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 38/42, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | - Piotr Walejko
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Białystok, ul.Ciolkowskiego 1k, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
| | - Stanislaw Witkowski
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Białystok, ul.Ciolkowskiego 1k, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Polewski
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 38/42, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
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16
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Suwa Y, Yamaji M. Steady state and laser photolysis studies of keto-enol tautomerizations in 2-alkyl-1,3-diketones having five-membered rings in acetonitrile: Temporal UV-A sunscreen. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Gackowska A, Przybyłek M, Studziński W, Gaca J. Formation of chlorinated breakdown products during degradation of sunscreen agent, 2-ethylhexyl-4-methoxycinnamate in the presence of sodium hypochlorite. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:1886-97. [PMID: 26408113 PMCID: PMC4713459 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5444-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a new degradation path of sunscreen active ingredient, 2-ethylhexyl-4-methoxycinnamate (EHMC) and 4-methoxycinnamic acid (MCA) in the presence of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), was discussed. The reaction products were detected using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Since HOCl treatment leads to more polar products than EHMC, application of polar extracting agents, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate/n-hexane mixture, gave better results in terms of chlorinated breakdown products identification than n-hexane. Reaction of EHMC with HOCl lead to the formation of C=C bridge cleavage products such as 2-ethylhexyl chloroacetate, 1-chloro-4-methoxybenzene, 1,3-dichloro-2-methoxybenzene, and 3-chloro-4-methoxybenzaldehyde. High reactivity of C=C bond attached to benzene ring is also characteristic for MCA, since it can be converted in the presence of HOCl to 2,4-dichlorophenole, 2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone, 1,3-dichloro-2-methoxybenzene, 1,2,4-trichloro-3-methoxybenzene, 2,4,6-trichlorophenole, and 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxyacetophenone. Surprisingly, in case of EHMC/HOCl/UV, much less breakdown products were formed compared to non-UV radiation treatment. In order to describe the nature of EHMC and MCA degradation, local reactivity analysis based on the density functional theory (DFT) was performed. Fukui function values showed that electrophilic attack of HOCl to the C=C bridge in EHMC and MCA is highly favorable (even more preferable than phenyl ring chlorination). This suggests that HOCl electrophilic addition is probably the initial step of EHMC degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Gackowska
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, University of Technology and Life Science, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Maciej Przybyłek
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Kurpińskiego 5, 85-950, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Waldemar Studziński
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, University of Technology and Life Science, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jerzy Gaca
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, University of Technology and Life Science, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Kawakami CM, Gaspar LR. Mangiferin and naringenin affect the photostability and phototoxicity of sunscreens containing avobenzone. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 151:239-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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19
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Puertas-Me MA, Rincon-Val S, Mejia-Gira JC. Screening of UVA/UVB Absorption and in vitro Antioxidant Capacity of Bejaria aestuans, Cavendishia pubescens and Cavendishia bracteata Leaf Extracts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/rjmp.2015.435.441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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20
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Freitas JV, Lopes NP, Gaspar LR. Photostability evaluation of five UV-filters, trans-resveratrol and beta-carotene in sunscreens. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 78:79-89. [PMID: 26159738 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Trans-resveratrol (RES) is used in cosmetic formulations and beta-carotene (BTC) is a classical sunscreen antioxidant, but their photostability in sunscreens, a property directly correlated to performance and safety has not been addressed in the literature. This paper reports the assessment of RES and/or BTC influence on the photostability of five UV-filters (octyl methoxycinnamate - OMC, avobenzone -AVO, octocrylene - OCT, bemotrizinole - BMZ, octyltriazone - OTZ) in three different combinations after UVA exposure followed by the identification of degradation products and the assessment of photoreactivity. The evaluation of sunscreen photostability was performed by HPLC and spectrophotometric analysis, and degradation products were identified by GC-MS analysis. Components RES, BTC, OMC and AVO were significantly degraded after UV exposure (reduction of around 16% in recovery). According to HPLC analysis, all formulations presented similar photostability profiles. Eleven degradation products were identified in GC-MS analysis, among them products of RES, BTC, OMC and AVO photodegradation. All evaluated formulations were considered photoreactive, as well as the isolated compounds RES and AVO. Considering HPLC, spectrophotometric and GC-MS results, it is suggested that formulations containing BMZ were considered the most photostable. The combination RES+BTC in a sunscreen improved the photostability of AVO. The benefits of using a combination of antioxidants in sunscreens was demonstrated by showing that using RES+BTC+studied UV-filters led to more photostable formulations, which in turn implies in better safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Vescovi Freitas
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Av. do Café s/n, Bairro Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Norberto Peporine Lopes
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Av. do Café s/n, Bairro Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lorena Rigo Gaspar
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Av. do Café s/n, Bairro Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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21
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In vitro photoprotective effects of Marcetia taxifolia ethanolic extract and its potential for sunscreen formulations. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2015.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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22
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Cerqueira-Coutinho C, Santos-Oliveira R, dos Santos E, Mansur CR. Development of a photoprotective and antioxidant nanoemulsion containing chitosan as an agent for improving skin retention. Eng Life Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201400154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elisabete dos Santos
- Department of Medicines; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Claudia Regina Mansur
- Institute of Macromolecules; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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23
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Benevenuto CG, Guerra LO, Gaspar LR. Combination of retinyl palmitate and UV-filters: Phototoxic risk assessment based on photostability and in vitro and in vivo phototoxicity assays. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 68:127-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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24
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Yamaji M, Suwa Y, Shimokawa R, Paris C, Miranda MÁ. Photochemical reactions of halogenated aromatic 1,3-diketones in solution studied by steady state, one- and two-color laser flash photolyses. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2015; 14:1673-84. [DOI: 10.1039/c5pp00211g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photoreactions of 1,3-diketones having halogen atoms at the C2 position are investigated by steady state, one- and two-color laser photolyses and DFT calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Yamaji
- Division of Molecular Science
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering
- Gunma University
- Kiryu
- Japan
| | - Yurie Suwa
- Education Program of Materials and Bioscience
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering
- Gunma University
- Kiryu
- Japan
| | - Rieko Shimokawa
- Education Program of Materials and Bioscience
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering
- Gunma University
- Kiryu
- Japan
| | - Cecilia Paris
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química UPV-CSIC
- Universidad Politécnica de Valencia
- Valencia
- Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Miranda
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química UPV-CSIC
- Universidad Politécnica de Valencia
- Valencia
- Spain
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25
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Gianeti MD, Maia Campos PMBG. Efficacy evaluation of a multifunctional cosmetic formulation: the benefits of a combination of active antioxidant substances. Molecules 2014; 19:18268-82. [PMID: 25389659 PMCID: PMC6271084 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191118268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents the association of active antioxidants substances in a multifunctional cosmetic formulation with established efficacy against signs of aging. A multifunctional cosmetic formulation containing an association of UV filters and antioxidant substances (liposoluble vitamins A, C and E, Ginkgo biloba and Phorphyra umbilicalis extracts) was evaluated. This formulation was submitted to a clinical efficacy study using biophysics techniques and skin images analysis (digital photography imaging systems, 20 MHz ultrasound, and reflectance confocal microscopy). The volunteers applied the formulation containing the UV filters and antioxidant substances during the day and the formulation with antioxidant substances and without the UV filters at night, for 90 days. The formulation increased the hydration and protected the skin barrier function after a single application. At the long term assessment the formulation provided an improvement in skin barrier function and skin hydration to the deeper layers of the epidermis, leading to an improvement in skin appearance by reducing wrinkles and skin roughness. The multifunctional cosmetic formulation studied can be suggested to preventing signs of aging and improving skin conditions. In addition, this study presents the benefits of associating different active antioxidants substances in a single cosmetic formulation to prevent skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela D Gianeti
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av do Cafe s/n, Monte Alegre, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Patrícia M B G Maia Campos
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av do Cafe s/n, Monte Alegre, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil.
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Afonso S, Horita K, Sousa e Silva J, Almeida I, Amaral M, Lobão P, Costa P, Miranda MS, Esteves da Silva JC, Sousa Lobo J. Photodegradation of avobenzone: Stabilization effect of antioxidants. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2014; 140:36-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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27
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Influence of Titanium Dioxide Particle Size on the Photostability of the Chemical UV-Filters Butyl Methoxy Dibenzoylmethane and Octocrylene in a Microemulsion. COSMETICS 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics1020128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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28
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Tin Oxide-Silver Composite Nanomaterial Coating for UV Protection and Its Bactericidal Effect on Escherichia coli (E. coli). COATINGS 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings4020320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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29
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Kumasaka R, Kikuchi A, Yagi M. Photoexcited states of UV absorbers, benzophenone derivatives. Photochem Photobiol 2014; 90:727-33. [PMID: 24571426 DOI: 10.1111/php.12257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The UV absorption, phosphorescence and phosphorescence-excitation spectra of benzophenone (BP) derivatives used as organic UV absorbers have been observed in rigid solutions at 77 K. The triplet-triplet absorption spectra have been observed in acetonitrile at room temperature. The BP derivatives studied are 2,2',4,4'-tetrahydroxybenzophenone (BP-2), 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (BP-3), 2,2'-dihydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxybenzophenone (BP-6), 5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzophenone (BP-7) and 2-hydroxy-4-n-octyloxybenzophenone (BP-12). The energy levels and lifetimes of the lowest excited triplet (T1 ) states of these BP derivatives were determined from the first peak of phosphorescence. The time-resolved near-IR emission spectrum of singlet oxygen generated by photosensitization with BP-7 was observed in acetonitrile at room temperature. BP-2, BP-3, BP-6 and BP-12 show photoinduced phosphorescence enhancement in ethanol at 77 K. The possible mechanism of the observed phosphorescence enhancement is discussed. The T1 states of 2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzophenone, 4-methoxybenzophenone and 2,4'-dimethoxybenzophenone have been studied for comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Kumasaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Japan
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30
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Brugè F, Tiano L, Astolfi P, Emanuelli M, Damiani E. Prevention of UVA-induced oxidative damage in human dermal fibroblasts by new UV filters, assessed using a novel in vitro experimental system. PLoS One 2014; 9:e83401. [PMID: 24409282 PMCID: PMC3883645 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND UVA rays present in sunlight are able to reach the dermal skin layer generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsible for oxidative damage, alterations in gene expression, DNA damage, leading to cell inflammation, photo-ageing/-carcinogenesis. Sunscreens contain UV filters as active ingredients that absorb/reflect/dissipate UV radiation: their efficiency depends on their spectral profile and photostability which should then be reflected in biological protection of underlying skin. METHODS A set of new UV filters was synthesized, and the most photostable one was compared to BMDBM, a widely used UVA filter. Cultured human dermal fibroblasts were exposed to UVA radiation which was filtered by a base cream containing or not UV filters placed above cell culture wells. The endpoints measured were: cell viability (MTT assay), ROS generation (DCFH-DA assay), mitochondrial function (JC-1 assay), DNA integrity (Comet assay) and gene expression (MMP-1, COL1A1) by RT-qPCR. RESULTS The new UV filter resulted more efficient than BMDBM in preserving cell viability, mitochondrial functionality and oxidative DNA damage, despite similar inhibition levels of intracellular ROS. Moreover, expression of genes involved in dermal photoageing were positively affected by the filtering action of the tested molecules. CONCLUSIONS The experimental model proposed was able to validate the efficacy of the new UV filter, taking into account important cellular events related to UV-induced intracellular oxidative stress, often underestimated in the assessments of these compounds. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The model may be used to compare the actual biological protection of commercial sunscreens and suncare products aside from their SPF and UVA-PF values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Brugè
- Dipartimento Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Luca Tiano
- Dipartimento Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Paola Astolfi
- Dipartimento Scienze e Ingegneria della Materia, dell'Ambiente ed Urbanistica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Monica Emanuelli
- Dipartimento Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Damiani
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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31
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Kikuchi A, Oguchi-Fujiyama N, Miyazawa K, Yagi M. Triplet-Triplet Energy Transfer from a UV-A Absorber Butylmethoxydibenzoylmethane to UV-B Absorbers. Photochem Photobiol 2014; 90:511-6. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Kikuchi
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Yokohama National University; Hodogaya-ku Yokohama Japan
| | | | | | - Mikio Yagi
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Yokohama National University; Hodogaya-ku Yokohama Japan
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32
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Huang B, Chen Y, Ma B, Zhou G, Tong J, He J, Wang Y. Protective effect of Cichorium glandulosum seeds from ultraviolet B-induced damage in rat liver mitochondria. Food Funct 2014; 5:869-75. [DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60466g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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Coptis chinensis inflorescence and its main alkaloids protect against ultraviolet-B-induced oxidative damage. J Funct Foods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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34
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Jarzycka A, Lewińska A, Gancarz R, Wilk KA. Assessment of extracts of Helichrysum arenarium, Crataegus monogyna, Sambucus nigra in photoprotective UVA and UVB; photostability in cosmetic emulsions. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2013; 128:50-7. [PMID: 24007865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to investigate the photoprotective activity and photostability efficacy of sunscreen formulations containing Helichrysum arenarium, Sambucus nigra, Crataegus monogyna extracts and their combination. UV transmission of the emulsion films was performed by using diffuse transmittance measurements coupling to an integrating sphere. In vitro photoprotection and photostability efficacy were evaluated according to the following parameters: sun protection factor (SPF), UVA protection factor (PF-UVA), UVA/UVB ratio and critical wavelength (λc) before and after UV irradiation. The results obtained show that the formulations containing polyphenols fulfill the official requirements for sunscreen products due to their broad spectrum of UV protection combined with their high photostability and remarkable antioxidant properties. Therefore H. arenarium, S. nigra, C. monogyna extracts represent useful additives for cosmetic formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jarzycka
- Organic and Pharmaceutical Technology Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
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35
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Huang B, Zhu L, Liu S, Li D, Chen Y, Ma B, Wang Y. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of inhibition activity of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) leaves against ultraviolet B-induced phototoxicity. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2013; 121:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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36
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Yamaji M, Kida M. Photothermal Tautomerization of a UV Sunscreen (4-tert-Butyl-4′-methoxydibenzoylmethane) in Acetonitrile Studied by Steady-State and Laser Flash Photolysis. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:1946-51. [DOI: 10.1021/jp312774e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Yamaji
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Graduate
School of Engineering, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Mayumi Kida
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Graduate
School of Engineering, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
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37
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Kikuchi A, Shibata K, Kumasaka R, Yagi M. Optical and Time-Resolved Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Studies of the Excited States of a UV-B Absorber (4-Methylbenzylidene)camphor. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:1413-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3071772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Kikuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate
School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Kenji Shibata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate
School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Ryo Kumasaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate
School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Mikio Yagi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate
School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
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38
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Kikuchi A, Shibata K, Kumasaka R, Yagi M. Excited states of menthyl anthranilate: a UV-A absorber. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2013; 12:246-53. [DOI: 10.1039/c2pp25190f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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39
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Kikuchi A, Hata Y, Kumasaka R, Nanbu Y, Yagi M. Photoexcited Singlet and Triplet States of a UV Absorber Ethylhexyl Methoxycrylene. Photochem Photobiol 2012; 89:523-8. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Kikuchi
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Yokohama National University; Yokohama; Japan
| | - Yuki Hata
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Yokohama National University; Yokohama; Japan
| | - Ryo Kumasaka
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Yokohama National University; Yokohama; Japan
| | - Yuichi Nanbu
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Yokohama National University; Yokohama; Japan
| | - Mikio Yagi
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Yokohama National University; Yokohama; Japan
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40
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Niculae G, Lacatusu I, Badea N, Meghea A. Lipid nanoparticles based on butyl-methoxydibenzoylmethane: in vitro UVA blocking effect. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 23:315704. [PMID: 22797534 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/23/31/315704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to obtain efficient lipid nanoparticles loaded with butyl-methoxydibenzoylmethane (BMDBM) in order to develop cosmetic formulations with enhanced UVA blocking effect. For this purpose, two adequate liquid lipids (medium chain triglycerides and squalene) have been used in combination with two solid lipids (cetyl palmitate and glyceryl stearate) in order to create appropriate nanostructured carriers with a disordered lipid network able to accommodate up to 1.5% BMDBM. The lipid nanoparticles (LNs) were characterized in terms of particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, loading capacity and in vitro UVA blocking effect. The efficiency of lipid nanoparticles in developing some cosmetic formulations has been evaluated by determining the in vitro erythemal UVA protection factor. In order to quantify the photoprotective effect, some selected cream formulations based on BMDBM-LNs and a conventional emulsion were exposed to photochemical UV irradiation at a low energy to simulate the solar energy during the midday. The results obtained demonstrated the high ability of cream formulations based on BMDBM-LNs to absorb more than 96% of UVA radiation. Moreover, the developed cosmetic formulations manifest an enhanced UVA blocking effect, the erythemal UVA protection factor being four times higher than those specific to conventional emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Niculae
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Polizu Street No 1, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
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Zhu L, Huang B, Ban X, He J, Chen Y, Han L, Wang Y. Coptis chinensis inflorescence extract protection against ultraviolet-B-induced phototoxicity, and HPLC–MS analysis of its chemical composition. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:2584-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 04/08/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Karlsson I, Persson E, Mårtensson J, Börje A. Investigation of the Sunscreen Octocrylene’s Interaction with Amino Acid Analogs in the Presence of UV Radiation. Photochem Photobiol 2012; 88:904-12. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2012.01142.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Kockler J, Oelgemöller M, Robertson S, Glass BD. Photostability of sunscreens. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Oguchi-Fujiyama N, Miyazawa K, Kikuchi A, Yagi M. Photophysical properties of dioctyl 4-methoxybenzylidenemalonate: UV-B absorber. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2012; 11:1528-35. [DOI: 10.1039/c2pp25101a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Karlsson I, Vanden Broecke K, Mårtensson J, Goossens A, Börje A. Clinical and experimental studies of octocrylene's allergenic potency. Contact Dermatitis 2011; 64:343-52. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2011.01899.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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UV-ABC screens of luteolin derivatives compared to edelweiss extract. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2011; 103:8-15. [PMID: 21300553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2011.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2010] [Revised: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Pure luteolin is a remarkably heat (200°C/6 days) and UV stable UV-A screen, however, native luteolin enriched to 37% in an edelweiss extract lost its UV-A screen properties upon UV irradiation (∼4MJm(-2)). This contrasting behavior led to the examination of a series of purified luteolin derivatives as UV screen candidates. 3',4',5,7-Tetralipoyloxyflavones were synthesized from luteolin (3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone) and fatty acid chlorides. These acylated semi-biomolecules show a hypsochromic shift in UV-Vis spectra of about Δλ(A→B)=58nm and absorbed in the centre of the harmful UV-B band (λ(max)=295nm). Luteolin was also hydroxyethylated with Br(CH(2))(2)OH. This substitution has no effect on the λ(max)=330nm absorption of luteolin (UV-A band). Finally the natural 4'-O-β-glucosyl-3',5,7-trihydroxyflavone was extracted from edelweiss and used as a purified natural benchmark. Glycosylated and hydroxyethylated luteolin are both UV stable. Fully acylated luteolin derivatives degrade upon UV exposure to a stable UV-C screen with a hypsochroic shift Δλ(B→C)=35nm. All in all, three molecular structures based on luteolin with sunscreen properties were found, distinguishable in: UV-A, UV-B, and UV-C filters. The natural product based UV-absorbers show promise as alternatives to synthetic molecules and nanoparticles in sunscreen products.
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Bagatin E, Parada MOB, Miot HA, Hassun KM, Michalany N, Talarico S. A randomized and controlled trial about the use of oral isotretinoin for photoaging. Int J Dermatol 2010; 49:207-14. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2009.04310.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lhiaubet-Vallet V, Marin M, Jimenez O, Gorchs O, Trullas C, Miranda MA. Filter–filter interactions. Photostabilization, triplet quenching and reactivity with singlet oxygen. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2010; 9:552-8. [DOI: 10.1039/b9pp00158a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Yamaji M, Paris C, Miranda MÁ. Steady-state and laser flash photolysis studies on photochemical formation of 4-tert-butyl-4′-methoxydibenzoylmethane from its derivative via the Norrish Type II reaction in solution. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2009.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Scalia S, Mezzena M. Photostabilization effect of quercetin on the UV filter combination, butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane-octyl methoxycinnamate. Photochem Photobiol 2009; 86:273-8. [PMID: 19947972 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2009.00655.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of the natural antioxidant quercetin on the photostability of the most widely used combination of UVA (320-400 nm) and UVB (290-320 nm) filters, respectively butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (BMDBM) and octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC). In order to reproduce the conditions prevalent in commercial sunscreen products, the stabilizing efficacy of quercetin was evaluated in model creams containing BMDBM (3%, wt/wt) together with OMC (4%, wt/wt) and exposed to a solar simulator at an irradiance corresponding to natural sunlight. Quercetin was found to enhance the photostability of the two UV filters in a concentration-dependent way. Addition of quercetin to the sunscreen formulation significantly reduced the photodegradation of BMDBM and OMC from 40.3 +/- 2.4 to 27.7 +/- 2.6% and from 51.3 +/- 2.1 to 42.2 +/- 2.0%, respectively. Moreover, comparative photodegradation studies demonstrated that quercetin was much more effective and at a lower concentration than commonly used stabilizer (octocrylene) and antioxidants (vitamin E, butylated hydroxyanisole). In vitro determination of the UVB and UVA protection parameters showed that the quercetin-based formulation fulfilled the official requirements on sunscreen products. Because of its photostabilizing and multiple antioxidant properties, quercetin represents a useful additive for the formulation of effective broad-spectrum sunscreens containing BMDBM and OMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santo Scalia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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