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Mata AI, Pereira NAM, Cardoso AL, Nascimento BFO, Pineiro M, Schaberle FA, Gomes-da-Silva LC, Brito RMM, Pinho E Melo TMVD. Novel Foscan®-derived ring-fused chlorins for photodynamic therapy of cancer. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 93:117443. [PMID: 37634417 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an established anticancer treatment that combines the use of a photosensitiser (PS) and a light source of a specific wavelength for the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are toxic to the tumour cells. Foscan® (mTHPC) is a clinically-approved chlorin used for the PDT treatment of advanced head and neck, prostate and pancreatic cancers but is characterized by being photochemically unstable and associated with prolonged skin photosensitivity. Herein, we report the synthesis of new 4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-fused chlorins, having the meso-tetra(3-hydroxyphenyl)macrocycle core of mTHPC, by exploring the [8π + 2π] cycloaddition of a meso-tetra(3-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin derivative with diazafulvenium methides. These chlorins have photochemical properties similar to Foscan® but are much more photostable. Among the novel compounds, two chlorins with a hydroxymethyl group and its azide derivative present in the 4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-fused system, are promising photodynamic agents with activity in the 100 nM range against triple-negative breast cancer cells and, in the case of azidomethyl chlorin, a safer phototherapeutic index compared to Foscan®.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Mata
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Chemistry Center - Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS) and Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nelson A M Pereira
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Chemistry Center - Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS) and Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana L Cardoso
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Chemistry Center - Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS) and Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bruno F O Nascimento
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Chemistry Center - Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS) and Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marta Pineiro
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Chemistry Center - Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS) and Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fábio A Schaberle
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Chemistry Center - Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS) and Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lígia C Gomes-da-Silva
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Chemistry Center - Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS) and Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui M M Brito
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Chemistry Center - Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS) and Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal; BSIM Therapeutics, Instituto Pedro Nunes, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Teresa M V D Pinho E Melo
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Chemistry Center - Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS) and Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Itoo AM, Paul M, Padaga SG, Ghosh B, Biswas S. Nanotherapeutic Intervention in Photodynamic Therapy for Cancer. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:45882-45909. [PMID: 36570217 PMCID: PMC9773346 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The clinical need for photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been growing for several decades. Notably, PDT is often used in oncology to treat a variety of tumors since it is a low-risk therapy with excellent selectivity, does not conflict with other therapies, and may be repeated as necessary. The mechanism of action of PDT is the photoactivation of a particular photosensitizer (PS) in a tumor microenvironment in the presence of oxygen. During PDT, cancer cells produce singlet oxygen (1O2) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon activation of PSs by irradiation, which efficiently kills the tumor. However, PDT's effectiveness in curing a deep-seated malignancy is constrained by three key reasons: a tumor's inadequate PS accumulation in tumor tissues, a hypoxic core with low oxygen content in solid tumors, and limited depth of light penetration. PDTs are therefore restricted to the management of thin and superficial cancers. With the development of nanotechnology, PDT's ability to penetrate deep tumor tissues and exert desired therapeutic effects has become a reality. However, further advancement in this field of research is necessary to address the challenges with PDT and ameliorate the therapeutic outcome. This review presents an overview of PSs, the mechanism of loading of PSs, nanomedicine-based solutions for enhancing PDT, and their biological applications including chemodynamic therapy, chemo-photodynamic therapy, PDT-electroporation, photodynamic-photothermal (PDT-PTT) therapy, and PDT-immunotherapy. Furthermore, the review discusses the mechanism of ROS generation in PDT advantages and challenges of PSs in PDT.
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Khramtsov P, Kalashnikova T, Bochkova M, Kropaneva M, Timganova V, Zamorina S, Rayev M. Measuring the concentration of protein nanoparticles synthesized by desolvation method: Comparison of Bradford assay, BCA assay, hydrolysis/UV spectroscopy and gravimetric analysis. Int J Pharm 2021; 599:120422. [PMID: 33647407 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The desolvation technique is one of the most popular methods for preparing protein nanoparticles for medicine, biotechnology, and food applications. We fabricated 11 batches of BSA nanoparticles and 2 batches of gelatin nanoparticles by desolvation method. BSA nanoparticles from 2 batches were cross-linked by heating at +70 °C for 2 h; other nanoparticles were stabilized by glutaraldehyde. We compared several analytical approaches to measuring their concentration: gravimetric analysis, bicinchoninic acid assay, Bradford assay, and alkaline hydrolysis combined with UV spectroscopy. We revealed that the cross-linking degree and method of cross-linking affect both Bradford and BCA assay. Direct measurement of protein concentration in the suspension of purified nanoparticles by dye-binding assays can lead to significant (up to 50-60%) underestimation of nanoparticle concentration. Quantification of non-desolvated protein (indirect method) is affected by the presence of small nanoparticles in supernatants and can be inaccurate when the yield of desolvation is low. The reaction of cross-linker with protein changes UV absorbance of the latter. Therefore pure protein solution is an inappropriate calibrator when applying UV spectroscopy for the determination of nanoparticle concentration. Our recommendation is to determine the concentration of protein nanoparticles by at least two different methods, including gravimetric analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Khramtsov
- Department of Biology, Perm State University, 614068, 15 Bukirev str., Perm, Russia; Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Perm Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 614081, 13 Golev str., Perm, Russia.
| | - Tatyana Kalashnikova
- Department of Biology, Perm State University, 614068, 15 Bukirev str., Perm, Russia; Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Perm Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 614081, 13 Golev str., Perm, Russia
| | - Maria Bochkova
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Perm Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 614081, 13 Golev str., Perm, Russia
| | - Maria Kropaneva
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Perm Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 614081, 13 Golev str., Perm, Russia
| | - Valeria Timganova
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Perm Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 614081, 13 Golev str., Perm, Russia
| | - Svetlana Zamorina
- Department of Biology, Perm State University, 614068, 15 Bukirev str., Perm, Russia; Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Perm Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 614081, 13 Golev str., Perm, Russia
| | - Mikhail Rayev
- Department of Biology, Perm State University, 614068, 15 Bukirev str., Perm, Russia; Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Perm Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 614081, 13 Golev str., Perm, Russia
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Youssef Z, Yesmurzayeva N, Larue L, Jouan-Hureaux V, Colombeau L, Arnoux P, Acherar S, Vanderesse R, Frochot C. New Targeted Gold Nanorods for the Treatment of Glioblastoma by Photodynamic Therapy. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E2205. [PMID: 31847227 PMCID: PMC6947424 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8122205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study describes the employment of gold nanorods (AuNRs), known for their good reputation in hyperthermia-based cancer therapy, in a hybrid combination of photosensitizers (PS) and peptides (PP). We report here, the design and the synthesis of this nanosystem and its application as a vehicle for the selective drug delivery and the efficient photodynamic therapy (PDT). AuNRs were functionalized by polyethylene glycol, phototoxic pyropheophorbide-a (Pyro) PS, and a "KDKPPR" peptide moiety to target neuropilin-1 receptor (NRP-1). The physicochemical characteristics of AuNRs, the synthesized peptide and the intermediate PP-PS conjugates were investigated. The photophysical properties of the hybrid AuNRs revealed that upon conjugation, the AuNRs acquired the characteristic properties of Pyro concerning the extension of the absorption profile and the capability to fluoresce (Φf = 0.3) and emit singlet oxygen (ΦΔ = 0.4) when excited at 412 nm. Even after being conjugated onto the surface of the AuNRs, the molecular affinity of "KDKPPR" for NRP-1 was preserved. Under irradiation at 652 nm, in vitro assays were conducted on glioblastoma U87 cells incubated with different PS concentrations of free Pyro, intermediate PP-PS conjugate and hybrid AuNRs. The AuNRs showed no cytotoxicity in the absence of light even at high PS concentrations. However, they efficiently decreased the cell viability by 67% under light exposure. This nanosystem possesses good efficiency in PDT and an expected potential effect in a combined photodynamic/photothermal therapy guided by NIR fluorescence imaging of the tumors due to the presence of both the hyperthermic agent, AuNRs, and the fluorescent active phototoxic PS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahraa Youssef
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), UMR 7274, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France; (Z.Y.); (N.Y.); (L.L.); (L.C.); (P.A.)
| | - Nurlykyz Yesmurzayeva
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), UMR 7274, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France; (Z.Y.); (N.Y.); (L.L.); (L.C.); (P.A.)
- Kazakh National Research Technical University after K.I Satpayev, 22 Satpayev str., Almaty 050013, Kazakhstan
| | - Ludivine Larue
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), UMR 7274, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France; (Z.Y.); (N.Y.); (L.L.); (L.C.); (P.A.)
| | | | - Ludovic Colombeau
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), UMR 7274, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France; (Z.Y.); (N.Y.); (L.L.); (L.C.); (P.A.)
| | - Philippe Arnoux
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), UMR 7274, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France; (Z.Y.); (N.Y.); (L.L.); (L.C.); (P.A.)
| | - Samir Acherar
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Macromoléculaire (LCPM), UMR 7375, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France; (S.A.); (R.V.)
| | - Régis Vanderesse
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Macromoléculaire (LCPM), UMR 7375, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France; (S.A.); (R.V.)
| | - Céline Frochot
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), UMR 7274, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France; (Z.Y.); (N.Y.); (L.L.); (L.C.); (P.A.)
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Yakavets I, Millard M, Zorin V, Lassalle HP, Bezdetnaya L. Current state of the nanoscale delivery systems for temoporfin-based photodynamic therapy: Advanced delivery strategies. J Control Release 2019; 304:268-287. [PMID: 31136810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Enthusiasm for photodynamic therapy (PDT) as a promising technique to eradicate various cancers has increased exponentially in recent decades. The majority of clinically approved photosensitizers are hydrophobic in nature, thus, the effective delivery of photosensitizers at the targeted site is the main hurdle associated with PDT. Temoporfin (mTHPC, medicinal product name: Foscan®), is one of the most potent clinically approved photosensitizers, is not an exception. Successful temoporfin-PDT requires nanoscale delivery systems for selective delivery of photosensitizer. Over the last 25 years, the number of papers on nanoplatforms developed for mTHPC delivery such as conjugates, host-guest inclusion complexes, lipid-and polymer-based nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes is burgeoning. However, none of them appeared to be "ultimate". The present review offers the description of different challenges and achievements in nanoparticle-based mTHPC delivery focusing on the synergetic combination of various nano-platforms to improve temoporfin delivery at all stages of biodistribution. Furthermore, the association of different nanoparticles in one nanoplatform might be considered as an advanced strategy allowing the combination of several treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Yakavets
- Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7039, Université de Lorraine, Campus Sciences, Boulevard des Aiguillette, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Research Department, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, 6 avenue de Bourgogne, 54519 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Laboratory of Biophysics and Biotechnology, Belarusian State University, 4 Nezavisimosti Avenue, 220030 Minsk, Belarus.
| | - Marie Millard
- Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7039, Université de Lorraine, Campus Sciences, Boulevard des Aiguillette, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Research Department, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, 6 avenue de Bourgogne, 54519 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Vladimir Zorin
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Biotechnology, Belarusian State University, 4 Nezavisimosti Avenue, 220030 Minsk, Belarus; International Sakharov Environmental Institute, Belarusian State University, Dauhabrodskaja 23, 220030 Minsk, Belarus.
| | - Henri-Pierre Lassalle
- Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7039, Université de Lorraine, Campus Sciences, Boulevard des Aiguillette, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Research Department, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, 6 avenue de Bourgogne, 54519 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Lina Bezdetnaya
- Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7039, Université de Lorraine, Campus Sciences, Boulevard des Aiguillette, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Research Department, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, 6 avenue de Bourgogne, 54519 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
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Kudarha RR, Sawant KK. Albumin based versatile multifunctional nanocarriers for cancer therapy: Fabrication, surface modification, multimodal therapeutics and imaging approaches. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 81:607-626. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Wu J, Feng S, Liu W, Gao F, Chen Y. Targeting integrin-rich tumors with temoporfin-loaded vitamin-E-succinate-grafted chitosan oligosaccharide/ d -α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate nanoparticles to enhance photodynamic therapy efficiency. Int J Pharm 2017; 528:287-298. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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The alteration of temoporfin distribution in multicellular tumor spheroids by β-cyclodextrins. Int J Pharm 2017; 529:568-575. [PMID: 28711638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To be effective anticancer drugs must penetrate tissue efficiently, reaching all target population of cancer cells in a concentration sufficient to exert a therapeutic effect. This study aimed to investigate the ability of methyl-β-cyclodextrin (Me-β-CD) and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (Hp-β-CD) to alter the penetration and diffusion of temoporfin (mTHPC) in HT29 multicellular tumor spheroids. mTHPC had а nonhomogenous distribution only on the periphery of spheroids. The presence of β-CDs significantly altered the distribution of mTHPC consisting in the increase of both the depth of photosensitizer penetration and accumulation in HT29 spheroids. We suggest that this improvement is related to the nanoshuttle mechanism of β-CD action, when β-CDs facilitate mTHPC transportation to the cells in the inner layers of spheroids. As a result of mTHPC distribution improvement, β-CDs enhance mTHPC photosensitizing activity towards HT29 multicellular tumor spheroids. The observed effects strongly depend on the type of β-CD. Thus, varying the type of β-CD we can finely tune the possibility of using mTHPC for diagnostic (delimitation of tumor margins) or therapeutic purposes.
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Bornhütter T, Ghogare AA, Preuß A, Greer A, Röder B. Synthesis, Photophysics and PDT Evaluation of Mono-, Di-, Tri- and Hexa-PEG Chlorins for Pointsource Photodynamic Therapy. Photochem Photobiol 2017; 93:1259-1268. [PMID: 28391637 DOI: 10.1111/php.12773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Pointsource photodynamic therapy (PSPDT) is a newly developed fiber optic method aimed at the delivery of photosensitizer, light and oxygen to a diseased site. Because of a need for developing photosensitizers with desirable properties for PSPDT, we have carried out a synthetic, photophysical and phototoxicity study on a series of PEGylated sensitizers. Chlorin and pheophorbide sensitizers were readily amenable to our synthetic PEGylation strategy to reach triPEG and hexaPEG galloyl pheophorbides and mono-, di-, triPEG chlorins. On screening these PEG sensitizers, we found that increasing the number of PEG groups, except for hexaPEGylation, increases phototoxicity. We found that three PEG groups but not less or more were optimal. Of the series tested, a triPEG gallyol pheophorbide and a triPEG chlorin were the most efficient at generating singlet oxygen, and produced the highest phototoxicity and lowest dark toxicity to Jurkat cells. A detailed kinetic analysis of the PEGylated sensitizers in solution and cell culture and media is also presented. The data provide us with steps in the development of PSPDT to add to the PDT tools we have in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Bornhütter
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ashwini A Ghogare
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, NY.,Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York City, NY
| | - Annegret Preuß
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Greer
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, NY.,Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York City, NY
| | - Beate Röder
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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10
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Abbas M, Zou Q, Li S, Yan X. Self-Assembled Peptide- and Protein-Based Nanomaterials for Antitumor Photodynamic and Photothermal Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1605021. [PMID: 28060418 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201605021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 489] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Tremendous interest in self-assembly of peptides and proteins towards functional nanomaterials has been inspired by naturally evolving self-assembly in biological construction of multiple and sophisticated protein architectures in organisms. Self-assembled peptide and protein nanoarchitectures are excellent promising candidates for facilitating biomedical applications due to their advantages of structural, mechanical, and functional diversity and high biocompability and biodegradability. Here, this review focuses on the self-assembly of peptides and proteins for fabrication of phototherapeutic nanomaterials for antitumor photodynamic and photothermal therapy, with emphasis on building blocks, non-covalent interactions, strategies, and the nanoarchitectures of self-assembly. The exciting antitumor activities achieved by these phototherapeutic nanomaterials are also discussed in-depth, along with the relationships between their specific nanoarchitectures and their unique properties, providing an increased understanding of the role of peptide and protein self-assembly in improving the efficiency of photodynamic and photothermal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzar Abbas
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center for Mesoscience, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qianli Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center for Mesoscience, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Shukun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center for Mesoscience, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xuehai Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center for Mesoscience, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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Grünebaum J, Söbbing J, Mulac D, Langer K. Nanoparticulate carriers for photodynamic therapy of cholangiocarcinoma: In vitro comparison of various polymer-based nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 2015; 496:942-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Debele TA, Peng S, Tsai HC. Drug Carrier for Photodynamic Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:22094-136. [PMID: 26389879 PMCID: PMC4613299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160922094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive combinatorial therapeutic modality using light, photosensitizer (PS), and oxygen used for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. When PSs in cells are exposed to specific wavelengths of light, they are transformed from the singlet ground state (S₀) to an excited singlet state (S₁-Sn), followed by intersystem crossing to an excited triplet state (T₁). The energy transferred from T₁ to biological substrates and molecular oxygen, via type I and II reactions, generates reactive oxygen species, (¹O₂, H₂O₂, O₂*, HO*), which causes cellular damage that leads to tumor cell death through necrosis or apoptosis. The solubility, selectivity, and targeting of photosensitizers are important factors that must be considered in PDT. Nano-formulating PSs with organic and inorganic nanoparticles poses as potential strategy to satisfy the requirements of an ideal PDT system. In this review, we summarize several organic and inorganic PS carriers that have been studied to enhance the efficacy of photodynamic therapy against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilahun Ayane Debele
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 106 Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Sydney Peng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 300 Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Hsieh-Chih Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 106 Taipei, Taiwan.
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Villa Nova M, Janas C, Schmidt M, Ulshoefer T, Gräfe S, Schiffmann S, de Bruin N, Wiehe A, Albrecht V, Parnham MJ, Luciano Bruschi M, Wacker MG. Nanocarriers for photodynamic therapy-rational formulation design and medium-scale manufacture. Int J Pharm 2015; 491:250-60. [PMID: 26123822 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The development and manufacture of novel nanocarriers for drug delivery has proved challenging with regards to scale-up and pharmaceutical quality. Polymeric nanocarriers composed of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-b-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA-PEG) were prepared and the photosensitizer meso-tetrakis(3-hydroxyphenyl) chlorin (mTHPC) was effectively encapsulated. Furthermore, the interplay of various process and formulation parameters and their impact on the most important product specifications were investigated by using a factorial design and a central composite design in a microfluidic manufacturing process. These nanoparticles for intravenous administration with a size of 97 ± 0.13 nm, narrow size distribution, and an encapsulation efficiency of more than 80% were produced at high throughput. In vitro stability and in vitro drug release testing were applied for quality control purposes. Finally, the toxicity of the photosensitizer was tested in vitro. The cytotoxicity was successfully reduced while the efficacy of the formulation was maintained. First observations using in vivo imaging suggest effective distribution of the nanocarrier system after injection into rodents. Thus, further in vivo testing of the beneficial effects of nanoencapsulation into the matrix system and its formulation will be considered for the delivery of mTHPC to tumor tissues during photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mônica Villa Nova
- Laboratory of R&D of Drug Delivery Systems, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Christine Janas
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Mike Schmidt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Project group for Translational Medicine & Pharmacology (TMP), 60596 Frankfurt/ Main, Germany
| | - Thomas Ulshoefer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Project group for Translational Medicine & Pharmacology (TMP), 60596 Frankfurt/ Main, Germany
| | - Susanna Gräfe
- biolitec research GmbH, Otto-Schott-Str. 15, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Susanne Schiffmann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Project group for Translational Medicine & Pharmacology (TMP), 60596 Frankfurt/ Main, Germany
| | - Natasja de Bruin
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Project group for Translational Medicine & Pharmacology (TMP), 60596 Frankfurt/ Main, Germany
| | - Arno Wiehe
- biolitec research GmbH, Otto-Schott-Str. 15, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Volker Albrecht
- biolitec research GmbH, Otto-Schott-Str. 15, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael J Parnham
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Project group for Translational Medicine & Pharmacology (TMP), 60596 Frankfurt/ Main, Germany
| | - Marcos Luciano Bruschi
- Laboratory of R&D of Drug Delivery Systems, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Matthias G Wacker
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Project group for Translational Medicine & Pharmacology (TMP), 60596 Frankfurt/ Main, Germany.
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14
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de Oliveira OV, Pires JM. Quantum chemistry studies of meta-tetra(hydroxyphenyl)chlorin (mTHPC) and its isomers. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2014. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424614500205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Quantum chemistry methods were used to study the meta-tetra(hydroxyphenyl)chlorin (mTHPC) and its isomers. The mTHPC (Foscan®) is a commercial chlorin, used in photodynamic therapy (PDT) and is classified as a second-generation drug in PDT. The present work is to obtain quantum chemistry properties which can explain the high efficiency of the mTHPC compared with its isomers (ortho and para) and other chlorins. Based in the chemical hardness and ionization potential obtained from HOMO and LUMO orbitals energy, our results show that all chlorins have similar reactivity. Moreover, all chlorins have approximately the same capacity to storage energy in the triplet excited state, with energy differences between the ground state and the triplet excited state of 1.38, 1.39 and 1.36 eV for oTHPC, mTHPC and pTHPC, respectively. The calculated UV spectra (a very important quantity which can be correlated with the photosensitizer (PS) efficiency property), shows that the present chlorins all have a peak at 622 nm. Finally, after analysis of the dipole moment differences, between the three isomers, an explanation about the greater mTHPC efficiency in PDT, was possible. Due to its greater lipophilic character, mTHPC is absorbed by tumor cells to a greater degree than oTHPC and pTHPC. Our findings are consistent with literature and can be used to help new drug design for use in PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osmair Vital de Oliveira
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Espírito Santo, campus Vila Velha, ES, CEP 29106-010, Brazil
| | - José Maria Pires
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, CEP 29075-910, Brazil
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15
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Ryan AA, Plunkett S, Casey A, McCabe T, Senge MO. From thioether substituted porphyrins to sulfur linked porphyrin dimers: an unusual SNAr via thiolate displacement? Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:353-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc46828c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Li D, Li P, Lin H, Jiang Z, Guo L, Li B. A novel chlorin–PEG–folate conjugate with higher water solubility, lower cytotoxicity, better tumor targeting and photodynamic activity. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2013; 127:28-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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17
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Master A, Livingston M, Sen Gupta A. Photodynamic nanomedicine in the treatment of solid tumors: perspectives and challenges. J Control Release 2013; 168:88-102. [PMID: 23474028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising treatment strategy where activation of photosensitizer drugs with specific wavelengths of light results in energy transfer cascades that ultimately yield cytotoxic reactive oxygen species which can render apoptotic and necrotic cell death. Without light the photosensitizer drugs are minimally toxic and the photoactivating light itself is non-ionizing. Therefore, harnessing this mechanism in tumors provides a safe and novel way to selectively eradicate tumor with reduced systemic toxicity and side effects on healthy tissues. For successful PDT of solid tumors, it is necessary to ensure tumor-selective delivery of the photosensitizers, as well as, the photoactivating light and to establish dosimetric correlation of light and drug parameters to PDT-induced tumor response. To this end, the nanomedicine approach provides a promising way towards enhanced control of photosensitizer biodistribution and tumor-selective delivery. In addition, refinement of nanoparticle designs can also allow incorporation of imaging agents, light delivery components and dosimetric components. This review aims at describing the current state-of-the-art regarding nanomedicine strategies in PDT, with a comprehensive narrative of the research that has been carried out in vitro and in vivo, with a discussion of the nanoformulation design aspects and a perspective on the promise and challenges of PDT regarding successful translation into clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Master
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2071 Martin Luther King Drive, Cleveland 44106, USA
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18
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Sapsford KE, Algar WR, Berti L, Gemmill KB, Casey BJ, Oh E, Stewart MH, Medintz IL. Functionalizing nanoparticles with biological molecules: developing chemistries that facilitate nanotechnology. Chem Rev 2013; 113:1904-2074. [PMID: 23432378 DOI: 10.1021/cr300143v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 824] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kim E Sapsford
- Division of Biology, Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
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19
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Li D, Li P, Jiang Z, Guo L. Enhanced Tumor Targeting and Photocytotoxicity of Folate–Poly(ethylene glycol)–Chlorin Photosensitizer Mediated by Folate Receptor. CHEM LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2013.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Donghong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, the 2nd Department of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University
| | - Pengxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, the 2nd Department of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University
| | | | - Linfeng Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Xihua Normal University
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20
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Alberto ME, Marino T, Quartarolo AD, Russo N. Photophysical origin of the reduced photodynamic therapy activity of temocene compared to Foscan®: insights from theory. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:16167-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp52698d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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21
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Comparative characterization of the cellular uptake and photodynamic efficiency of Foscan® and Fospeg in a human prostate cancer cell line. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2012.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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22
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Photodynamic Therapy as Novel Nephron Sparing Treatment Option for Small Renal Masses. J Urol 2012; 187:289-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2011.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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23
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Zhang MF, Xu ZQ, Ge YS, Jiang FL, Liu Y. Binding of fullerol to human serum albumin: spectroscopic and electrochemical approach. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2011; 108:34-43. [PMID: 22244345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2011.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Revised: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The potential impact of human exposure to carbonaceous nanomaterials in the environment becomes a concerning issue. Here we report on the interaction of fullerol with human serum albumin (HSA) using spectroscopic and electrochemical methods. The water-soluble fullerene derivative (fullerol) was synthesized and characterized by IR, (1)H NMR, TG-DSC, XRD, HR-TEM, etc. The spectroscopic methods show that the fluorescence quenching of HSA by fullerol is the result of the formation of an HSA-fullerol complex. Binding parameters such as ΔG, ΔH and ΔS were calculated, and the quenching constant K(a) at different temperatures was determined using the modified Stern-Volmer equation. The electrochemical experiments further confirmed the conclusions. In addition, the influences of coexisting heavy metal ions have also been studied in the present system. The circular dichroism spectra (CD), 3D fluorescence spectra and FT-IR spectra results suggest that the secondary structure of HSA was changed by fullerol. Based on the site marker competitive experiments, we can predict the possible binding position of fullerol on the HSA was located at the site of sub domain II A. Furthermore, the distance r between donor (HSA) and acceptor (fullerol) was obtained according to the famous fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Fang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
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Röder B, Schlothauer J, Hackbarth S. New aspects in singlet oxygen luminescence detection in biological relevant systems. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2011.03.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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25
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García-Díaz M, Sánchez-García D, Soriano J, Sagristà ML, Mora M, Villanueva Á, Stockert JC, Cañete M, Nonell S. Temocene: the porphycene analogue of temoporfin (Foscan®). MEDCHEMCOMM 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1md00065a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Preuss A, Chen K, Hackbarth S, Wacker M, Langer K, Röder B. Photosensitizer loaded HSA nanoparticles II: in vitro investigations. Int J Pharm 2010; 404:308-16. [PMID: 21094228 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Revised: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The photosensitizing efficiency of human serum albumin (HSA) nanoparticles loaded with the photosensitizers meta-tetra(hydroxy-phenyl)-chlorin (mTHPC) and meta-tetra(hydroxy-phenyl)-porphyrin (mTHPP) was investigated in vitro. The endocytotic intracellular uptake, and the time dependent drug release caused by nanoparticle decomposition of the PS loaded HSA nanoparticles were studied on Jurkat cells in suspension. The photoxicity as well as the intracellular singlet oxygen ((1)O(2)) generation were investigated in dependence on the incubation time. The obtained results show that HSA nanoparticles are promising carriers for the clinical used mTHPC (Foscan). After release the ((1)O(2)) generation as well as the phototoxicity are more efficient compared with mTHPC applied without the HSA nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annegret Preuss
- Department of Physics, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstraße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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