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Kumar NT, Vaddypally S, Das SK. A Rearrangement Reaction to Yield a NH 4 + Ion Driven by Polyoxometalate Formation. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:31474-31481. [PMID: 36092612 PMCID: PMC9454273 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Triethylamine is a volatile liquid and exists in the atmosphere in the gas phase. It is a hazardous air pollutant and identified as a toxic air contaminant. Thus, producing ammonia (a vital chemical for fertilizer production) from the vapor state of this toxic substance is a challenging task. Diffusion of the vapor of triethylamine, (C2H5)3N, into an acidified aqueous solution of sodium molybdate results in the formation of single crystals of compound [(C2H5)3NH]2[(C2H5)4N][NaMo8O26] (1). Notably, compound 1 includes a [(C2H5)4N]+ cation, even though the concerned reaction mixture was not treated with any tetraethylammonium salt. The formation of the [(C2H5)4N]+ cation from (C2H5)3N in an acidic aqueous medium is logically possible only when an ammonium cation (NH4 +) is formed in the overall reaction: 4(C2H5)3N + 4H+ = 3[(C2H5)4N]+ + [NH4]+. Although the resulting NH4 + cation (identified by Nessler's reagent test) is not included in the crystals of compound 1 as a cation, it can be made associated with a crown ether in the isolation of single crystals of compound [NH4⊂B15C5]3[PMo12O40]·B15C5 (2), (B15C5 = benzo-15-crown-5). Crystal structure analysis and 1H NMR studies of compound 2 have established the presence of an H-bonded NH4 + ion in compound 2, thereby established the rearrangement reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Tanmaya Kumar
- School
of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, P.O. Central University, Hyderabad, Telangana 500046, India
| | - Shivaiah Vaddypally
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Samar K. Das
- School
of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, P.O. Central University, Hyderabad, Telangana 500046, India
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2
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Barlow JM, Ziller JW, Yang JY. Inhibiting the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) with Proximal Cations: A Strategy for Promoting Selective Electrocatalytic Reduction. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M. Barlow
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Joseph W. Ziller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Jenny Y. Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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3
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Das A, Hessin C, Ren Y, Desage-El Murr M. Biological concepts for catalysis and reactivity: empowering bioinspiration. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:8840-8867. [PMID: 33107878 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00914h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biological systems provide attractive reactivity blueprints for the design of challenging chemical transformations. Emulating the operating mode of natural systems may however not be so easy and direct translation of structural observations does not always afford the anticipated efficiency. Metalloenzymes rely on earth-abundant metals to perform an incredibly wide range of chemical transformations. To do so, enzymes in general have evolved tools and tricks to enable control of such reactivity. The underlying concepts related to these tools are usually well-known to enzymologists and bio(inorganic) chemists but may be a little less familiar to organometallic chemists. So far, the field of bioinspired catalysis has greatly focused on the coordination sphere and electronic effects for the design of functional enzyme models but might benefit from a paradigm shift related to recent findings in biological systems. The goal of this review is to bring these fields closer together as this could likely result in the development of a new generation of highly efficient bioinspired systems. This contribution covers the fields of redox-active ligands, entatic state reactivity, energy conservation through electron bifurcation, and quantum tunneling for C-H activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnideep Das
- Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Chimie, UMR CNRS 7177, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
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4
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Oshikiri T, Shi X, Misawa H. Enhancement of Selective Fixation of Dinitrogen to Ammonia under Modal Strong Coupling Conditions. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201901260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Oshikiri
- Research Institute for Electronic Science Hokkaido University N21 W10, CRIS Bldg., Kita‐ku 001‐0021 Sapporo Japan
| | - Xu Shi
- Research Institute for Electronic Science Hokkaido University N21 W10, CRIS Bldg., Kita‐ku 001‐0021 Sapporo Japan
| | - Hiroaki Misawa
- Research Institute for Electronic Science Hokkaido University N21 W10, CRIS Bldg., Kita‐ku 001‐0021 Sapporo Japan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science National Chiao Tung University 1001 Ta Hsueh R. 30010 Hsinchu Taiwan
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5
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Myren THT, Alherz A, Stinson TA, Huntzinger CG, Lama B, Musgrave CB, Luca OR. Metalloradical intermediates in electrocatalytic reduction of CO 2 to CO: Mn versus Re bis-N-heterocyclic carbene pincers. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:2053-2057. [PMID: 31971534 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04691g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This work examines the relative reactivities of ReI and MnI tricarbonyl pyridine-2,6-bis-N-heterocyclic carbene pincers M(CO)3CNCBnX (M = Re, Mn and X = Cl and Br) towards catalysis for the electrochemical conversion of CO2 to CO. Unlike prior well-studied group VII catalysts, Mn(CO)3CNCBnX is extraordinarily active, while the new Re(CO)3CNCBnX complex surprisingly does not exhibit catalytic response. DFT calculations shed light on this puzzling behavior and show that the redox-active pyridine-2,6-bis-N-heterocyclic carbene ligand facilitates the reduction of the ground-state complexes; however, the extent of electronic delocalization in the reduced intermediates differs in the degree of metalloradical character. The highly-active Mn(CO)3CNCBnX complex proceeds through an intermediate with nucleophilic metalloradical character in which 66% of the unpaired electron spin resides on Mn. In contrast, Re(CO)3CNCBnX reduction proceeds through an intermediate with less metalloradical character in which only 38% of the unpaired spin is localized on Re with the remainder delocalized over the ligand. The energetic penalty of the electron delocalization of an electron on the ligand affects the M-CO bond strengths and related kinetic barriers. We discuss these observations in the context of turnover-enabling effects in CO2 reductions mediated by group VII NHC pincer molecular electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa H T Myren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
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6
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Myren THT, Alherz A, Thurston JR, Stinson TA, Huntzinger CG, Musgrave CB, Luca OR. Mn-Based Molecular Catalysts for the Electrocatalytic Disproportionation of CO2 into CO and CO32–. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b04773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Mast ZJ, Myren THT, Huntzinger CG, Stinson TA, Kharbouch RM, Almanza EM, Zygmont SE, Miecznikowski JR, Luca OR. Cu I SNS triazole and imidazole pincers as electrocatalyst precursors for the production of solar fuels. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qi01510h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This work reports the first example of mono-nuclear Cu pincers with SNS ligation acting as electrocatalyst precursors for the electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide to CO and H2 in protic organic media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J. Mast
- Department of Chemistry and
- University of Colorado Boulder
- Boulder CO
- 80300 USA
| | - Tessa H. T. Myren
- Department of Chemistry and
- University of Colorado Boulder
- Boulder CO
- 80300 USA
| | - Chloe G. Huntzinger
- Department of Chemistry and
- University of Colorado Boulder
- Boulder CO
- 80300 USA
| | - Taylor A. Stinson
- Department of Chemistry and
- University of Colorado Boulder
- Boulder CO
- 80300 USA
| | - Rami M. Kharbouch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Fairfield University
- Fairfield
- 06824 USA
| | - Emilse M. Almanza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Fairfield University
- Fairfield
- 06824 USA
| | - Samantha E. Zygmont
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Fairfield University
- Fairfield
- 06824 USA
| | | | - Oana R. Luca
- Department of Chemistry and
- University of Colorado Boulder
- Boulder CO
- 80300 USA
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8
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Myren THT, Lilio AM, Huntzinger CG, Horstman JW, Stinson TA, Donadt TB, Moore C, Lama B, Funke HH, Luca OR. Manganese N-Heterocyclic Carbene Pincers for the Electrocatalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Curtis Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0358, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
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9
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Donadt TB, Lilio AM, Stinson TA, Lama B, Luca OR. DOSY NMR and Normal Pulse Voltammetry for the Expeditious Determination of Number of Electrons Exchanged in Redox Events. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201801231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor B. Donadt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Colorado Boulder, 215 UCB, Boulder, CO; USA 80309
| | - Alyssia M. Lilio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Colorado Boulder, 215 UCB, Boulder, CO; USA 80309
| | - Taylor A. Stinson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Colorado Boulder, 215 UCB, Boulder, CO; USA 80309
| | - Bimala Lama
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Colorado Boulder, 215 UCB, Boulder, CO; USA 80309
| | - Oana R. Luca
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Colorado Boulder, 215 UCB, Boulder, CO; USA 80309
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10
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Lee HK, Koh CSL, Lee YH, Liu C, Phang IY, Han X, Tsung CK, Ling XY. Favoring the unfavored: Selective electrochemical nitrogen fixation using a reticular chemistry approach. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaar3208. [PMID: 29536047 PMCID: PMC5844712 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aar3208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical nitrogen-to-ammonia fixation is emerging as a sustainable strategy to tackle the hydrogen- and energy-intensive operations by Haber-Bosch process for ammonia production. However, current electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) progress is impeded by overwhelming competition from the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) across all traditional NRR catalysts and the requirement for elevated temperature/pressure. We achieve both excellent NRR selectivity (~90%) and a significant boost to Faradic efficiency by 10 percentage points even at ambient operations by coating a superhydrophobic metal-organic framework (MOF) layer over the NRR electrocatalyst. Our reticular chemistry approach exploits MOF's water-repelling and molecular-concentrating effects to overcome HER-imposed bottlenecks, uncovering the unprecedented electrochemical features of NRR critical for future theoretical studies. By favoring the originally unfavored NRR, we envisage our electrocatalytic design as a starting point for high-performance nitrogen-to-ammonia electroconversion directly from water vapor-abundant air to address increasing global demand of ammonia in (bio)chemical and energy industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiang Kwee Lee
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) #08-03, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Charlynn Sher Lin Koh
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Yih Hong Lee
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Chong Liu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - In Yee Phang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) #08-03, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Xuemei Han
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Chia-Kuang Tsung
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - Xing Yi Ling
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Corresponding author.
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11
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Simonet J. Electrochemical carboxylation of titanium to generate versatile new interfaces. Electrochem commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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12
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Simonet J. A simple cathodic process for carboxylating noble metals and generating new versatile electrode interfaces. Electrochem commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2017.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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13
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14
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Mechanism of Water Oxidation Catalyzed by a Dinuclear Ruthenium Complex Bridged by Anthraquinone. Catalysts 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/catal7020056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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15
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Fenwick AQ, Luca OR. The Formation of CO by Thermal Decomposition of Formic Acid under Electrochemical Conditions of CO2 Reduction. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 152:43-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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16
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Luca OR, Fenwick AQ. Organic reactions for the electrochemical and photochemical production of chemical fuels from CO2 – The reduction chemistry of carboxylic acids and derivatives as bent CO2 surrogates. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 152:26-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Torralba-Peñalver E, Luo Y, Compain JD, Chardon-Noblat S, Fabre B. Selective Catalytic Electroreduction of CO2 at Silicon Nanowires (SiNWs) Photocathodes Using Non-Noble Metal-Based Manganese Carbonyl Bipyridyl Molecular Catalysts in Solution and Grafted onto SiNWs. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b01546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Encarnación Torralba-Peñalver
- Institut des Sciences
Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), UMR 6226 CNRS/Université de Rennes
1, Matière Condensée et Systèmes Electroactifs
(MaCSE), Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes 35042 CEDEX, France
| | - Yun Luo
- Institut des Sciences
Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), UMR 6226 CNRS/Université de Rennes
1, Matière Condensée et Systèmes Electroactifs
(MaCSE), Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes 35042 CEDEX, France
| | - Jean-Daniel Compain
- Université
Grenoble Alpes/CNRS, Département de Chimie Moléculaire,
UMR 5250, Laboratoire de Chimie Inorganique Redox, BP53, Grenoble 38041 CEDEX 9, France
| | - Sylvie Chardon-Noblat
- Université
Grenoble Alpes/CNRS, Département de Chimie Moléculaire,
UMR 5250, Laboratoire de Chimie Inorganique Redox, BP53, Grenoble 38041 CEDEX 9, France
| | - Bruno Fabre
- Institut des Sciences
Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), UMR 6226 CNRS/Université de Rennes
1, Matière Condensée et Systèmes Electroactifs
(MaCSE), Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes 35042 CEDEX, France
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18
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Luca OR, Gustafson JL, Maddox SM, Fenwick AQ, Smith DC. Catalysis by electrons and holes: formal potential scales and preparative organic electrochemistry. Org Chem Front 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5qo00075k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The present review surveys current chemical understanding of catalysis by addition and removal of an electron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana R. Luca
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- California Institute of Technology
- Pasadena
- USA
| | | | - Sean M. Maddox
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- San Diego State University
- San Diego
- USA
| | - Aidan Q. Fenwick
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- California Institute of Technology
- Pasadena
- USA
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