1
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Wang R, Hua S, Xing Y, Wang R, Wang H, Jiang T, Yu F. Organic dye-based photosensitizers for fluorescence imaging-guided cancer phototheranostics. Coord Chem Rev 2024; 513:215866. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2024.215866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
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2
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Köse GG, Erdoğmuş A. Dual effect of light and ultrasound for efficient singlet oxygen generation with novel diaxial silicon phthalocyanine sensitizer. Photochem Photobiol 2024; 100:52-66. [PMID: 37431229 DOI: 10.1111/php.13834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
To treat a life-threatening disease like cancer, photodynamic therapy (PDT) and sonodynamic therapy (SDT) methods were combined into sono-photodynamic therapy (SPDT) as an effective therapeutic solution. Each day, the usage of phthalocyanine sensitizers increases in the therapeutic applications as they have the ability to produce more reactive oxygen species. In this context, a new diaxially silicon phthalocyanine sensitizer, containing triazole and tert-butyl groups, was synthesized. After elucidating the structure of the complex with elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV-Vis, MALDI-TOF MS and 1 H NMR, its photophysical, photochemical and sono-photochemical properties were examined. When singlet oxygen generation capacity of the new synthesized silicon phthalocyanine complex was determined and compared among photochemical (PDT; ФΔ = 0.59 in DMSO, 0.44 in THF, 0.47 in toluene) and sonophotochemical (SPDT; ФΔ = 0.88 in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 0.60 in tetrahydrofuran (THF), 0.65 in toluene) methods, it can be said that the complex is a successful sono-photosensitizer that can be used as a good SPDT agent in vitro or in vivo future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Erdoğmuş
- Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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3
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Tripathi R, Guglani A, Ghorpade R, Wang B. Biotin conjugates in targeted drug delivery: is it mediated by a biotin transporter, a yet to be identified receptor, or (an)other unknown mechanism(s)? J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2276663. [PMID: 37955285 PMCID: PMC10653662 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2276663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Conjugation of drugs with biotin is a widely studied strategy for targeted drug delivery. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies through H3-biotin competition experiments conclude with the presence of a free carboxylic acid being essential for its uptake via the sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter (SMVT, the major biotin transporter). However, biotin conjugation with a payload requires modification of the carboxylic acid to an amide or ester group. Then, there is the question as to how/whether the uptake of biotin conjugates goes through the SMVT. If not, then what is the mechanism? Herein, we present known uptake mechanisms of biotin and its applications reported in the literature. We also critically analyse possible uptake mechanism(s) of biotin conjugates to address the disconnect between the results from SMVT-based SAR and "biotin-facilitated" targeted drug delivery. We believe understanding the uptake mechanism of biotin conjugates is critical for their future applications and further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anchala Guglani
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rujuta Ghorpade
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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4
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ÖMEROĞLU İ, DURMUŞ M. Water-soluble phthalocyanine photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy. Turk J Chem 2023; 47:837-863. [PMID: 38173755 PMCID: PMC10760830 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0527.3583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is based on a photochemical reaction that is started when a photosensitizing process is activated by the light and results in the death of tumor cells. Solubility is crucial in PDT applications to investigate the physical and chemical characteristics of phthalocyanines, but, unfortunately, most phthalocyanines show limited solubility especially in water. To increase the solubility of phthalocyanines in polar solvents and water, ionic groups such as -SO3-, -NR3+, -COO-, and nonionic groups such as polyoxy chains are frequently added to the peripheral or nonperipheral positions of the phthalocyanine framework. Since water-solubility and NIR-absorbing properties are essential for efficient PDT activation, studies have been focused on the synthesis of these types of phthalocyanine derivatives. This review focuses on the photophysical, photochemical, and some in vitro or in vivo studies of the recently published ionic and nonionic phthalocyanine-mediated photosensitizers carried out in the last five years. This review will have positive contributions to future studies on phthalocyanine chemistry and their PDT applications as well as photochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- İpek ÖMEROĞLU
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli,
Turkiye
| | - Mahmut DURMUŞ
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli,
Turkiye
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5
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Li D, Cai S, Wang P, Cheng H, Cheng B, Zhang Y, Liu G. Innovative Design Strategies Advance Biomedical Applications of Phthalocyanines. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300263. [PMID: 37039069 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their long absorption wavelengths, high molar absorptivity, and tunable photosensitivity, phthalocyanines have been widely used in photodynamic therapy (PDT). However, phthalocyanines still face the drawbacks of poor targeting, "always-on" photosensitizing properties, and unsatisfactory therapeutic efficiency, which limit their wide applications in biomedical fields. Thus, new design strategies such as modification of targeting molecules, formation of nanoparticles, and activating photosensitizers are developed to improve the above defects. Notably, recent studies have shown that novel phthalocyanines are not only used in fluorescence imaging and PDT, but also in photoacoustic imaging, photothermal imaging, sonodynamic therapy, and photothermal therapy. This review focuses on recent design strategies, applications in biomedicine, and clinical development of phthalocyanines, providing ideas and references for the design and application of phthalocyanine, so as to promote their future transformation into clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Shundong Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Peiyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Hongwei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Bingwei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- Shen Zhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
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6
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Dutta D, Nair RR, Mangalath S, Nair SA, Joseph J, Gogoi P, Ramaiah D. Biocompatible Aza-BODIPY-Biotin Conjugates for Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:26180-26190. [PMID: 37521632 PMCID: PMC10373210 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
With an objective to develop efficient photosensitizers to cancerous tissues, we synthesized two novel biocompatible sensitizers based on aza-BODIPYs incorporated with heavy atoms and biotin moieties. The bioconjugates DPR2a and DPR2b exhibited a favorable absorption range (600-750 nm) with excellent triplet-state quantum yields (up to 79%) and singlet oxygen generation yields (up to 75%). In vitro photobiological investigations employing MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines exhibited rapid cellular uptake, negligible dark toxicity, and high photocytotoxicity. The mechanism of cell death of these systems was predominantly due to the mitochondrial damage, leading to apoptosis mediated via the generation of singlet oxygen-triggered reactive oxygen species. The in vivo studies with the representative conjugate DPR2a employing female NOD/SCID mice models showed inhibition in tumor growth and significantly decreased tumor volume post photodynamic therapy (PDT) treatment. Our results validate that both DPR2a and DPR2b with iodine incorporation exhibit favorable and superior photophysical and photobiological aspects and demonstrate thereby their potential applications in imaging and PDT of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiraj Dutta
- Applied
Organic Chemistry Group, Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology
(CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat, Assam 785006, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Rajshree R. Nair
- Cancer
Research Program 4, Rajiv Gandhi Centre
for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, Kerala 695014, India
- Manipal
Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Sreejith Mangalath
- Photosciences
and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science
and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695019, India
| | - S. Asha Nair
- Cancer
Research Program 4, Rajiv Gandhi Centre
for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, Kerala 695014, India
| | - Joshy Joseph
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Photosciences
and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science
and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695019, India
| | - Pranjal Gogoi
- Applied
Organic Chemistry Group, Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology
(CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat, Assam 785006, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Danaboyina Ramaiah
- Department
of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology
& Science (BITS), Jawahar Nagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India
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7
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Lima E, Reis LV. Photodynamic Therapy: From the Basics to the Current Progress of N-Heterocyclic-Bearing Dyes as Effective Photosensitizers. Molecules 2023; 28:5092. [PMID: 37446758 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy, an alternative that has gained weight and popularity compared to current conventional therapies in the treatment of cancer, is a minimally invasive therapeutic strategy that generally results from the simultaneous action of three factors: a molecule with high sensitivity to light, the photosensitizer, molecular oxygen in the triplet state, and light energy. There is much to be said about each of these three elements; however, the efficacy of the photosensitizer is the most determining factor for the success of this therapeutic modality. Porphyrins, chlorins, phthalocyanines, boron-dipyrromethenes, and cyanines are some of the N-heterocycle-bearing dyes' classes with high biological promise. In this review, a concise approach is taken to these and other families of potential photosensitizers and the molecular modifications that have recently appeared in the literature within the scope of their photodynamic application, as well as how these compounds and their formulations may eventually overcome the deficiencies of the molecules currently clinically used and revolutionize the therapies to eradicate or delay the growth of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eurico Lima
- CQ-VR-Chemistry Centre of Vila Real, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Lucinda V Reis
- CQ-VR-Chemistry Centre of Vila Real, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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8
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Sobhanan J, Rival JV, Anas A, Sidharth Shibu E, Takano Y, Biju V. Luminescent Quantum Dots: Synthesis, Optical Properties, Bioimaging and Toxicity. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 197:114830. [PMID: 37086917 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Luminescent nanomaterials such as semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) and quantum dots (QDs) attract much attention to optical detectors, LEDs, photovoltaics, displays, biosensing, and bioimaging. These materials include metal chalcogenide QDs and metal halide perovskite NCs. Since the introduction of cadmium chalcogenide QDs to biolabeling and bioimaging, various metal nanoparticles (NPs), atomically precise metal nanoclusters, carbon QDs, graphene QDs, silicon QDs, and other chalcogenide QDs have been infiltrating the nano-bio interface as imaging and therapeutic agents. Nanobioconjugates prepared from luminescent QDs form a new class of imaging probes for cellular and in vivo imaging with single-molecule, super-resolution, and 3D resolutions. Surface modified and bioconjugated core-only and core-shell QDs of metal chalcogenides (MX; M = Cd/Pb/Hg/Ag, and X = S/Se/Te,), binary metal chalcogenides (MInX2; M = Cu/Ag, and X = S/Se/Te), indium compounds (InAs and InP), metal NPs (Ag, Au, and Pt), pure or mixed precision nanoclusters (Ag, Au, Pt), carbon nanomaterials (graphene QDs, graphene nanosheets, carbon NPs, and nanodiamond), silica NPs, silicon QDs, etc. have become prevalent in biosensing, bioimaging, and phototherapy. While heavy metal-based QDs are limited to in vitro bioanalysis or clinical testing due to their potential metal ion-induced toxicity, carbon (nanodiamond and graphene) and silicon QDs, gold and silica nanoparticles, and metal nanoclusters continue their in vivo voyage towards clinical imaging and therapeutic applications. This review summarizes the synthesis, chemical modifications, optical properties, and bioimaging applications of semiconductor QDs with particular references to metal chalcogenide QDs and bimetallic chalcogenide QDs. Also, this review highlights the toxicity and pharmacokinetics of QD bioconjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeladhara Sobhanan
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W5, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan; Center for Adapting Flaws into Features, Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Jose V Rival
- Smart Materials Lab, Department of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Calicut, Kerala, India
| | - Abdulaziz Anas
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre Kochi, Kerala 682 018, India.
| | | | - Yuta Takano
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W5, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan; Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Vasudevanpillai Biju
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W5, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan; Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan.
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9
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Rennie CC, Edkins RM. Targeted cancer phototherapy using phthalocyanine-anticancer drug conjugates. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:13157-13175. [PMID: 36018269 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02040h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phototherapy, the use of light to selectively ablate cancerous tissue, is a compelling prospect. Phototherapy is divided into two major domains: photodynamic and photothermal, whereby photosensitizer irradiation generates reactive oxygen species or heat, respectively, to disrupt the cancer microenvironment. Phthalocyanines (Pcs) are prominent phototherapeutics due to their desirable optical properties and structural versatility. Targeting of Pc photosensitizers historically relied on the enhanced permeation and retention effect, but the weak specificity engendered by this approach has hindered bench-to-clinic translation. To improve specificity, antibody and peptide active-targeting groups have been employed to some effect. An alternative targeting method exploits the binding of anticancer drugs to direct the photosensitizer close to essential cellular components, allowing for precise, synergistic phototherapy. This Perspective explores the use of Pc-drug conjugates as targeted anticancer phototherapeutic systems with examples of Pc-platin, Pc-kinase, and Pc-anthracycline conjugates discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C Rennie
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Thomas Graham Building, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK.
| | - Robert M Edkins
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Thomas Graham Building, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK.
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10
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Gümüşgöz Çelik G, Gonca S, Şahin B, Özdemir S, Atilla D, Gürek AG. Novel axially symmetric and unsymmetric silicon(IV) phthalocyanines having anti-inflammatory groups: synthesis, characterization and their biological properties. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:7517-7529. [PMID: 35506506 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00652a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New asymmetric Si(IV)Pc (1), monomeloxicammonotriethyleneglycolmonomethylether (phthalocyaninano)silicone, axially ligated with meloxicam as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), or triethylene glycol monomethyl ether and symmetric Si(IV)Pc (2), diclofenac(phthalocyaninano)silicone, axially ligated with two diclofenac as NSAID, were synthesized and characterized as antioxidant and antimicrobial agents together with polyoxo-SiPc (3), ditriethyleneglycolmonomethylether(phthalocyaninano)silicone, and SiPc(OH)2 (4), dihydroxy(phthalocyaninano)silicone. The photophysical and photochemical properties of these compounds were investigated. Then, antioxidant assays, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferrous ion chelating activities, were performed for these Si(IV) phthalocyanine derivatives (1, 2, 3 and 4). The highest DPPH scavenging activity of 73.48% was achieved with compound 2 and the highest ferrous chelating ability of 66.42% was obtained with compound 3. The results of the antioxidant assays indicated that Pc derivatives 1, 2 and 3 have remarkable superoxide radical scavenging activities, and moderate 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl activities and metal chelating activities. The antimicrobial effects of the Si(IV) phthalocyanine compounds were studied against six pathogenic bacteria and two pathogenic microfungi. The results for the antimicrobial activity of these compounds indicated that Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) was the most sensitive microorganism and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) and Legionella pneumophila subsp. pneumophila (ATCC 33152) were the most resistant microorganisms against the tested compounds. The DNA cleavage ability and microbial cell viability of these compounds were studied. The studied compounds demonstrated excellent DNA nuclease activity and exhibited 100% cell viability inhibition at 500 mg L-1. Also, the antimicrobial photodynamic therapy of the compounds was tested against Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and significant photodynamic antimicrobial activity was observed. In addition, the effect of phthalocyanines on biofilm inhibition produced by Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) was also tested and 3 showed excellent biofilm inhibition of 82.14%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Gümüşgöz Çelik
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Serpil Gonca
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mersin, Turkey, TR-33343 Yenisehir, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Belgin Şahin
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Sadin Özdemir
- Food Processing Programme, Technical Science Vocational School, Mersin University, TR-33343 Yenisehir, Mersin, Turkey.
| | - Devrim Atilla
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Ayşe Gül Gürek
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
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11
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An J, Tang S, Hong G, Chen W, Chen M, Song J, Li Z, Peng X, Song F, Zheng WH. An unexpected strategy to alleviate hypoxia limitation of photodynamic therapy by biotinylation of photosensitizers. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2225. [PMID: 35469028 PMCID: PMC9038921 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29862-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common working mechanism of photodynamic therapy is based on high-toxicity singlet oxygen, which is called Type II photodynamic therapy. But it is highly dependent on oxygen consumption. Recently, Type I photodynamic therapy has been found to have better hypoxia tolerance to ease this restriction. However, few strategies are available on the design of Type I photosensitizers. We herein report an unexpected strategy to alleviate the limitation of traditional photodynamic therapy by biotinylation of three photosensitizers (two fluorescein-based photosensitizers and the commercially available Protoporphyrin). The three biotiylated photosensitizers named as compound 1, 2 and 3, exhibit impressive ability in generating both superoxide anion radicals and singlet oxygen. Moreover, compound 1 can be activated upon low-power white light irradiation with stronger ability of anion radicals generation than the other two. The excellent combinational Type I / Type II photodynamic therapy performance has been demonstrated with the photosensitizers 1. This work presents a universal protocol to provide tumor-targeting ability and enhance or trigger the generation of anion radicals by biotinylation of Type II photosensitizers against tumor hypoxia. Type I photodynamic therapy (PDT) sensitizers show good hypoxia tolerance but only few strategies are available for the design of purely organic Type I photosensitizers (PS). Here, the authors use biotinylation as design strategy to obtain PS-Biotin sensitizers with high efficiency for the generation of superoxide anion radicals and singlet oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing An
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Shanliang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Gaobo Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Wenlong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Miaomiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Jitao Song
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhiliang Li
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Fengling Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, China. .,Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237, Qingdao, China.
| | - Wen-Heng Zheng
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, 110042, Shenyang, China.
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12
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Asymmetric, amphiphilic RGD conjugated phthalocyanine for targeted photodynamic therapy of triple negative breast cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:64. [PMID: 35228516 PMCID: PMC8885659 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00906-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractTargeted photodynamic therapy (TPDT) is considered superior to conventional photodynamic therapy due to the enhanced uptake of photosensitizers by tumor cells. In this paper, an amphiphilic and asymmetric cyclo-Arg-Gly-Asp-d-Tyr-Lys(cRGDyK)-conjugated silicon phthalocyanine (RSP) was synthesized by covalently attaching the tripeptide Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) to silicone phthalocyanine in the axial direction for TPDT of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). RSP was characterized by spectroscopy as a monomer in physiological buffer. Meanwhile, the modification of RSP with RGD led to a high accumulation of the photosensitizer in TNBC cells overexpressing ανβ3 integrin receptors which can bind RGD, greatly reducing the risk of phototoxicity. In vitro photodynamic experiments showed that the IC50 of RSP was 295.96 nM in the 4T1 cell line, which caused significant apoptosis of the tumor cells. The tumor inhibition rate of RSP on the orthotopic murine TNBC achieved 74%, while the untargeted photosensitizer exhibited no obvious tumor inhibition. Overall, such novel targeted silicon phthalocyanine has good potential for clinical translation due to its simple synthesis route, strong targeting, and high therapeutic efficacy for TPDT treatment of TNBC.
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13
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Otvagin VF, Kuzmina NS, Kudriashova ES, Nyuchev AV, Gavryushin AE, Fedorov AY. Conjugates of Porphyrinoid-Based Photosensitizers with Cytotoxic Drugs: Current Progress and Future Directions toward Selective Photodynamic Therapy. J Med Chem 2022; 65:1695-1734. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vasilii F. Otvagin
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Gagarina Avenue 23, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia S. Kuzmina
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Gagarina Avenue 23, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina S. Kudriashova
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Gagarina Avenue 23, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander V. Nyuchev
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Gagarina Avenue 23, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
| | | | - Alexey Yu. Fedorov
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Gagarina Avenue 23, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
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14
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Chlorin e6-Biotin Conjugates for Tumor-Targeting Photodynamic Therapy. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237342. [PMID: 34885922 PMCID: PMC8658943 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve the tumor-targeting efficacy of photodynamic therapy, biotin was conjugated with chlorin e6 to develop a new tumor-targeting photosensitizer, Ce6-biotin. The Ce6-biotin had good water solubility and low aggregation. The singlet-oxygen generation rate of Ce6-biotin was slightly increased compared to Ce6. Flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy results confirmed Ce6-biotin had higher binding affinity toward biotin-receptor-positive HeLa human cervical carcinoma cells than its precursor, Ce6. Due to the BR-targeting ability of Ce6-biotin, it exhibited stronger cytotoxicity to HeLa cells upon laser irradiation. The IC50 against HeLa cells of Ce6-biotin and Ce6 were 1.28 µM and 2.31 µM, respectively. Furthermore, both Ce6-biotin and Ce6 showed minimal dark toxicity. The selectively enhanced therapeutic efficacy and low dark toxicity suggest that Ce6-biotin is a promising PS for BR-positive-tumor-targeting photodynamic therapy.
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Carobeli LR, Meirelles LEDF, Damke GMZF, Damke E, de Souza MVF, Mari NL, Mashiba KH, Shinobu-Mesquita CS, Souza RP, da Silva VRS, Gonçalves RS, Caetano W, Consolaro MEL. Phthalocyanine and Its Formulations: A Promising Photosensitizer for Cervical Cancer Phototherapy. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122057. [PMID: 34959339 PMCID: PMC8705941 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. Despite advances in current therapies, women with advanced or recurrent disease present poor prognosis. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as an effective therapeutic alternative to treat oncological diseases such as cervical cancer. Phthalocyanines (Pcs) are considered good photosensitizers (PS) for PDT, although most of them present high levels of aggregation and are lipophilic. Despite many investigations and encouraging results, Pcs have not been approved as PS for PDT of invasive cervical cancer yet. This review presents an overview on the pathophysiology of cervical cancer and summarizes the most recent developments on the physicochemical properties of Pcs and biological results obtained both in vitro in tumor-bearing mice and in clinical tests reported in the last five years. Current evidence indicates that Pcs have potential as pharmaceutical agents for anti-cervical cancer therapy. The authors firmly believe that Pc-based formulations could emerge as a privileged scaffold for the establishment of lead compounds for PDT against different types of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucimara R. Carobeli
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (L.R.C.); (L.E.d.F.M.); (G.M.Z.F.D.); (E.D.); (M.V.F.d.S.); (N.L.M.); (K.H.M.); (C.S.S.-M.); (R.P.S.); (V.R.S.d.S.)
| | - Lyvia E. de F. Meirelles
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (L.R.C.); (L.E.d.F.M.); (G.M.Z.F.D.); (E.D.); (M.V.F.d.S.); (N.L.M.); (K.H.M.); (C.S.S.-M.); (R.P.S.); (V.R.S.d.S.)
| | - Gabrielle M. Z. F. Damke
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (L.R.C.); (L.E.d.F.M.); (G.M.Z.F.D.); (E.D.); (M.V.F.d.S.); (N.L.M.); (K.H.M.); (C.S.S.-M.); (R.P.S.); (V.R.S.d.S.)
| | - Edilson Damke
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (L.R.C.); (L.E.d.F.M.); (G.M.Z.F.D.); (E.D.); (M.V.F.d.S.); (N.L.M.); (K.H.M.); (C.S.S.-M.); (R.P.S.); (V.R.S.d.S.)
| | - Maria V. F. de Souza
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (L.R.C.); (L.E.d.F.M.); (G.M.Z.F.D.); (E.D.); (M.V.F.d.S.); (N.L.M.); (K.H.M.); (C.S.S.-M.); (R.P.S.); (V.R.S.d.S.)
| | - Natália L. Mari
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (L.R.C.); (L.E.d.F.M.); (G.M.Z.F.D.); (E.D.); (M.V.F.d.S.); (N.L.M.); (K.H.M.); (C.S.S.-M.); (R.P.S.); (V.R.S.d.S.)
| | - Kayane H. Mashiba
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (L.R.C.); (L.E.d.F.M.); (G.M.Z.F.D.); (E.D.); (M.V.F.d.S.); (N.L.M.); (K.H.M.); (C.S.S.-M.); (R.P.S.); (V.R.S.d.S.)
| | - Cristiane S. Shinobu-Mesquita
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (L.R.C.); (L.E.d.F.M.); (G.M.Z.F.D.); (E.D.); (M.V.F.d.S.); (N.L.M.); (K.H.M.); (C.S.S.-M.); (R.P.S.); (V.R.S.d.S.)
| | - Raquel P. Souza
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (L.R.C.); (L.E.d.F.M.); (G.M.Z.F.D.); (E.D.); (M.V.F.d.S.); (N.L.M.); (K.H.M.); (C.S.S.-M.); (R.P.S.); (V.R.S.d.S.)
| | - Vânia R. S. da Silva
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (L.R.C.); (L.E.d.F.M.); (G.M.Z.F.D.); (E.D.); (M.V.F.d.S.); (N.L.M.); (K.H.M.); (C.S.S.-M.); (R.P.S.); (V.R.S.d.S.)
| | - Renato S. Gonçalves
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (R.S.G.); (W.C.)
| | - Wilker Caetano
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (R.S.G.); (W.C.)
| | - Márcia E. L. Consolaro
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (L.R.C.); (L.E.d.F.M.); (G.M.Z.F.D.); (E.D.); (M.V.F.d.S.); (N.L.M.); (K.H.M.); (C.S.S.-M.); (R.P.S.); (V.R.S.d.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-44-3011-5455
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Qiu L, Li K, Dong W, Seimbille Y, Liu Q, Gao F, Lin J. Tumor Microenvironment Responsive "Head-to-Foot" Self-Assembly Nanoplatform for Positron Emission Tomography Imaging in Living Subjects. ACS NANO 2021; 15:18250-18259. [PMID: 34738462 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c07275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sensitivity and specificity of molecular probes are two important factors in determining the accuracy of cancer diagnosis or the efficacy of cancer treatment. However, the development of probes with high sensitivity and strong specificity still poses many challenges. Herein, we report an 18F-labeled smart tracer ([18F]1) targeting cancer-associated biotin receptor (BR) and self-assembling into nanoparticles in response to intracellular glutathione. The tracer [18F]1 selectively targeted BR-positive cancer cells A549 and Hela and formed nanoparticles through self-assembly with an average diameter of 138.2 ± 16.3 nm. The character of self-assembly into nanoparticles enhanced the uptake and extended the retention of probe [18F]1 in the target tissue and hence improved the quality of positron emission tomography (PET) images. Thus, [18F]1 is a promising PET tracer for accurately detecting BR-positive cancers. Moreover, the tumor microenvironment responsive "head-to-foot" self-assembly nanoplatform is particularly attractive for development of other smart molecular probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Qiu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Ke Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Wenyi Dong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Yann Seimbille
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Qingzhu Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Biomedical Isotope Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Jianguo Lin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
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17
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Lessard BH. The Rise of Silicon Phthalocyanine: From Organic Photovoltaics to Organic Thin Film Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:31321-31330. [PMID: 34197065 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c06060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Silicon phthalocyanines are emerging n-type semiconductors for use in organic photovoltaics (OPVs) and organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs). Their low synthetic complexity paired with their versatile axial group facilitates the fine-tuning of their chemical properties, solution properties and processing characteristics without significantly affecting their frontier orbital levels or their absorption properties. The crystal engineering and film forming characteristics of silicon phthalocyanine semiconductors can be tuned through appropriate axial group functionalization, therefore facilitating their integration into both OTFTs and OPVs by solution processing or vapor deposition. This Spotlight on Applications will discuss recent advances in the integration of this exciting class of phthalocyanine into OTFTs and OPVs and highlights their promising future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît H Lessard
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, 800 King Edward, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
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18
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Dong W, Li K, Wang S, Qiu L, Liu Q, Xie M, Lin J. Targeted Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) of Lung Cancer with Biotinylated Silicon (IV) Phthalocyanine. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 22:414-422. [PMID: 32386488 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200510001627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-associated mortality in the world. Traditional cancer therapies prolong the life expectancy of patients but often suffer from adverse reactions. Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) has been recommended as a treatment option for lung cancer in several countries, due to its non-invasive procedures, high selectivity and weak side effects. OBJECTIVE We have designed and synthesized a biotin receptor-targeted silicon phthalocyanine (IV) (compound 1) which showed a good therapeutic effect on biotin receptor-positive tumors. Since the overexpression of Biotin Receptor (BR) is also present in human lung cancer cells (A549), we explored the therapeutic properties of compound 1 on A549 xenograft tumor models. METHODS The selectivity of compound 1 toward A549 cells was studied with a fluorescence microscope and IVIS Spectrum Imaging System. The cytotoxicity was measured using the MTT assay. In vivo anti-tumor activity was investigated on the nude mice bearing A549 xenografts. RESULTS In vitro assays proved that compound 1 could selectively accumulate in A549 cells via the BR-mediated internalization. In vivo imaging and distribution experiments showed that compound 1 could selectively accumulate in tumor tissues of tumor-bearing mice. After 16 days of the treatment, the volumes of tumor in the PDT group were obviously smaller than that in other groups. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that compound 1 is a promising photosensitizer and has broad application prospects in clinical PDT of lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Dong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Ke Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Shijie Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Ling Qiu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Qingzhu Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Minhao Xie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Jianguo Lin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
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19
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Purushothaman BK, Maheswari P U, Sheriffa Begum K M M. pH
and magnetic field responsive protein‐inorganic nanohybrid conjugated with biotin: A biocompatible carrier system targeting lung cancer cells. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Uma Maheswari P
- Department of Chemical Engineering National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli India
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20
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Li H, Wang X, Miao Y, Liu Q, Li K, Lin J, Xie M, Qiu L. Development of biotin-tagged near-infrared fluorescence probes for tumor-specific imaging. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2021; 217:112172. [PMID: 33713894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) probes are applicable for tumor imaging due to deep tissue penetration and low background signal. And cyanine dyes with long emission wavelength are excellent fluorophores to develop NIR probes. However, the aggregation of cyanine dyes in aqueous solution reduces the utilization of light. To solve this problem, polyethylene glycol (PEG) was introduced into the probes to reduce their aggregation. In our work, two new NIR probes G1 and G2 were designed and prepared by conjugating the cyanine dye G0 with Biotin-PEG5-Azide. The conjugated biotin could enhance the target specificity of probes. And the photophysical and photochemical parameters demonstrated that G1 and G2 had a reduced aggregation tendency. In vitro fluorescence imaging proved that these two probes could be specifically taken up by HeLa cells, and in vivo imaging demonstrated that these two probes could specifically target tumors with large tumor-to-muscle (T/M) ratios. All these results indicated that G1 and G2 are promising NIR fluorescent contrast agents for tumor-specific imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Li
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, PR China
| | - Xiuting Wang
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, PR China
| | - Yinxing Miao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, PR China
| | - Qingzhu Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, PR China
| | - Ke Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, PR China
| | - Jianguo Lin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, PR China
| | - Minhao Xie
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, PR China.
| | - Ling Qiu
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, PR China.
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21
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Keleş T, Barut B, Özel A, Biyiklioglu Z. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of water soluble and non-aggregated silicon phthalocyanines, naphthalocyanines against A549, SNU-398, SK-MEL128, DU-145, BT-20 and HFC cell lines as potential anticancer agents. Bioorg Chem 2021; 107:104637. [PMID: 33454505 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer has become an important public problem in worldwide since cancer incidence and mortality are growing rapidly. In this study, water soluble and non-aggregated silicon (IV) phthalocyanines and naphthalocyanines containing (3,5-bis{3-[3-(diethylamino)phenoxy]propoxy}phenyl)methoxy groups have been synthesized and characterized to investigate their anticancer potential. Their DNA binding/nuclease, topoisomerases inhibition were investigated using UV-Vis absorption, thermal denaturation and agarose gel electrophoresis. The in vitro cytotoxic properties of the compounds on human lung (A549), breast (BT-20), liver (SNU-398), prostate (DU-145), melanoma (SK-Mel 128) carcinoma and human fibroblast (HFC) normal cell lines were evaluated by using MTT assay. In order to determine the mechanism of cancer cell growth suppression, cell cycle analysis was carried out using flow cytometer on A549 cell line. The Kb values of SiPc1a and SiNc2a were 6.85 ± (0.35) × 106 and 1.72 ± (0.16) × 104 M-1 and Tm values of ct-DNA were calculated as 82.02 °C and 78.07 °C, respectively in the presence of both compounds. The ΔTm values of SiPc1a and SiNc2a were calculated as 6.45 and 2.50 °C, respectively. The nuclease effects of SiPc1a and SiNc2a with supercoiled plasmid pBR322 DNA demonstrated that both compounds did not trigger any DNA nuclease effects at the lowest concentrations without irradiation whereas both compounds in the presence of activating agent (H2O2) showed significant plasmid DNA nuclease actions under irradiation (22.5 J/cm2). SiPc1a and SiNc2a inhibited to topoisomerase I on increasing concentrations whilst they had lower inhibition action toward topoisomerase II that of topoisomerase I. The in vitro cytotoxicity studies displayed that SiPc1a had the highest cytotoxic effects among the tested compounds against A549, SNU-398, SK-MEL128, DU-145, BT-20 and HFC cell lines with CC50 values ranged from 0.49 to 2.99 µM. Furthermore, SiPc1a inhibited cell proliferation by cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase. All of these results suggested that SiPc1a is a promising candidate as an anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turgut Keleş
- Central Research Laboratory Application and Research Center, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Burak Barut
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Arzu Özel
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Trabzon, Turkey; Karadeniz Technical University, Drug and Pharmaceutical Technology Application and Research Center, Trabzon, Turkey
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Mitra K, Hartman MCT. Silicon phthalocyanines: synthesis and resurgent applications. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:1168-1190. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02299c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Their unique axial bonds and NIR optical properties have made silicon phthalocyanines (SiPcs) valuable compounds. Herein, we present key synthetic strategies and emerging applications of SiPcs over the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushambi Mitra
- Department of Chemistry
- Virginia Commonwealth University
- Richmond
- USA
- Massey Cancer Center
| | - Matthew C. T. Hartman
- Department of Chemistry
- Virginia Commonwealth University
- Richmond
- USA
- Massey Cancer Center
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Li K, Dong W, Miao Y, Liu Q, Qiu L, Lin J. Dual-targeted 5-aminolevulinic acid derivatives with glutathione depletion function for enhanced photodynamic therapy. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2020; 215:112107. [PMID: 33401190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.112107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising tumor therapy which utilizes reactive oxygen species (ROSs) to cause tumor cells death. 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and two of its esters are FDA-approved photosensitizers. However, their clinical application suffers from their instability and lack of tumor selectivity. In addition, the overexpression of glutathione (GSH) in some tumor cells reduces the PDT efficiency due to the ROS-scavenging ability of GSH. In this work, we present three multifunctional ALA derivates with the characteristics of dual-targeting and GSH depletion to improve the therapeutic effect of ALA-based PDT. The general structure of these compounds consists of an ALA methyl ester (ALA-OMe) moiety that can metabolize to photosensitive protoporphyin IX (PpIX) inside the cells, a biotin group for targeting biotin receptor-positive tumor cells and a disulfide bond-based self-immolative linker which can be activated by GSH to liberate ALA-OMe. Simultaneously, the reaction between the disulfide bond and GSH also depletes intracellular GSH, causing tumor cells more vulnerable to ROSs. All three compounds exhibited high stability under physiological conditions. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the more lipophilic compounds 1 and 2 were much more efficient in inducing PpIX production in biotin receptor-overexpressed HeLa cells as compared with their parent compound (ALA-OMe). And the PpIX generation induced by compounds 1 and 2 was positively correlated with the overexpression of biotin receptor and GSH level in tumor cells. More importantly, the GSH depletion ability of them significantly increased their phototoxicity. Furthermore, in comparison with ALA-OMe, compound 2 showed much higher in vivo efficiency in PpIX production. All the results demonstrate that the combination strategy of dual-targeting and GSH depletion can be used to concurrently enhance the tumor-specificity and anti-tumor efficiency of ALA-based PDT. And this strategy may be used for designing other ALA-based photosensitizers with higher tumor-specificity and better therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, PR China; Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Wenyi Dong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, PR China; School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Yinxing Miao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, PR China; Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Qingzhu Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, PR China; Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Ling Qiu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, PR China; Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China.
| | - Jianguo Lin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, PR China; Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China.
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Santos KLM, Barros RM, da Silva Lima DP, Nunes AMA, Sato MR, Faccio R, de Lima Damasceno BPG, Oshiro-Junior JA. Prospective application of phthalocyanines in the photodynamic therapy against microorganisms and tumor cells: A mini-review. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 32:102032. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Özgür Yalçın C, Baş H, Barut B, Özel A, Biyiklioglu Z. Synthesis of axially disubstituted quaternized silicon phthalocyanines as a promising photosensitizer for the photodynamic treatment of HCT-116, A549 and SH-SY5Y cancer cell lines. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:4927-4934. [PMID: 32232308 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00244e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, novel silicon(iv) phthalocyanines axially disubstituted with bis[(4-{3-[3-(dimethylamino)phenoxy]propoxy}phenyl)methoxy] and bis[(4-{3-[3-(diethylamino)phenoxy]propoxy}phenyl)methoxy] groups and their quaternized derivatives were synthesized and characterized. Then, their supercoiled pBR322 plasmid DNA cleavage properties were investigated using agarose gel electrophoresis. The in vitro PDT effects of Si-3a and Si-4a were investigated using the MTT cell viability assay against HCT-116, A549 and SH-SY5Y cell lines. Si-3a and Si-4a did not show cleavage effects upon increasing concentrations in the dark but both compounds showed cleavage activities upon irradiation for 30 and 60 min, respectively. The MTT cell viability assay indicated that Si-4a had a cytotoxic effect in a concentration-dependent manner on the HCT-116 cell line but it did not show any statistical difference with regard to phototoxicity. Otherwise, Si-3a and Si-4a had significant phototoxic effects when compared to cytotoxic effects against A549 and SH-SY5Y. The results suggested that Si-3a and Si-4a showed better cell death against SH-SY5Y than other cell lines with irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Özgür Yalçın
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey and Karadeniz Technical University, Drug and Pharmaceutical Technology Application and Research Center, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Baş
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey.
| | - Burak Barut
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Arzu Özel
- Karadeniz Technical University, Drug and Pharmaceutical Technology Application and Research Center, Trabzon, Turkey and Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Zekeriya Biyiklioglu
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey.
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Shi J, Li J, Xu Z, Chen L, Luo R, Zhang C, Gao F, Zhang J, Fu C. Celastrol: A Review of Useful Strategies Overcoming its Limitation in Anticancer Application. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:558741. [PMID: 33364939 PMCID: PMC7751759 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.558741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Celastrol, a natural bioactive ingredient derived from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, exhibits significant broad-spectrum anticancer activities for the treatment of a variety of cancers including liver cancer, breast cancer, prostate tumor, multiple myeloma, glioma, etc. However, the poor water stability, low bioavailability, narrow therapeutic window, and undesired side effects greatly limit its clinical application. To address this issue, some strategies were employed to improve the anticancer efficacy and reduce the side-effects of celastrol. The present review comprehensively focuses on the various challenges associated with the anticancer efficiency and drug delivery of celastrol, and the useful approaches including combination therapy, structural derivatives and nano/micro-systems development. The specific advantages for the use of celastrol mediated by these strategies are presented. Moreover, the challenges and future research directions are also discussed. Based on this review, it would provide a reference to develop a natural anticancer compound for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruifeng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chaomei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Gierlich P, Mata AI, Donohoe C, Brito RMM, Senge MO, Gomes-da-Silva LC. Ligand-Targeted Delivery of Photosensitizers for Cancer Treatment. Molecules 2020; 25:E5317. [PMID: 33202648 PMCID: PMC7698280 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising cancer treatment which involves a photosensitizer (PS), light at a specific wavelength for PS activation and oxygen, which combine to elicit cell death. While the illumination required to activate a PS imparts a certain amount of selectivity to PDT treatments, poor tumor accumulation and cell internalization are still inherent properties of most intravenously administered PSs. As a result, common consequences of PDT include skin photosensitivity. To overcome the mentioned issues, PSs may be tailored to specifically target overexpressed biomarkers of tumors. This active targeting can be achieved by direct conjugation of the PS to a ligand with enhanced affinity for a target overexpressed on cancer cells and/or other cells of the tumor microenvironment. Alternatively, PSs may be incorporated into ligand-targeted nanocarriers, which may also encompass multi-functionalities, including diagnosis and therapy. In this review, we highlight the major advances in active targeting of PSs, either by means of ligand-derived bioconjugates or by exploiting ligand-targeting nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Gierlich
- CQC, Coimbra Chemistry Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3000-435 Coimbra, Portugal; (P.G.); (A.I.M.); (C.D.); (R.M.M.B.)
- Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, St. James’s Hospital, D08W9RT Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Ana I. Mata
- CQC, Coimbra Chemistry Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3000-435 Coimbra, Portugal; (P.G.); (A.I.M.); (C.D.); (R.M.M.B.)
| | - Claire Donohoe
- CQC, Coimbra Chemistry Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3000-435 Coimbra, Portugal; (P.G.); (A.I.M.); (C.D.); (R.M.M.B.)
- Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, St. James’s Hospital, D08W9RT Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Rui M. M. Brito
- CQC, Coimbra Chemistry Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3000-435 Coimbra, Portugal; (P.G.); (A.I.M.); (C.D.); (R.M.M.B.)
- BSIM Therapeutics, Instituto Pedro Nunes, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mathias O. Senge
- Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, St. James’s Hospital, D08W9RT Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Lígia C. Gomes-da-Silva
- CQC, Coimbra Chemistry Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3000-435 Coimbra, Portugal; (P.G.); (A.I.M.); (C.D.); (R.M.M.B.)
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Piskorz J, Porolnik W, Kucinska M, Dlugaszewska J, Murias M, Mielcarek J. BODIPY-Based Photosensitizers as Potential Anticancer and Antibacterial Agents: Role of the Positive Charge and the Heavy Atom Effect. ChemMedChem 2020; 16:399-411. [PMID: 32964632 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Boron-dipyrromethene derivatives, including cationic and iodinated analogs, were obtained and subjected to physicochemical and in vitro photodynamic activity studies. Iodinated derivatives revealed a substantial heavy atom effect manifested by a bathochromic shift of the absorption band by about 30 nm and fluorescence intensity reduced by about 30-35 times, compared to that obtained for non-iodinated ones. In consequence, singlet oxygen generation significantly increased with ΦΔ values in the range 0.69-0.97. The in vitro photodynamic activity was evaluated on Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, Gram-negative Escherichia coli, and on human androgen-sensitive prostate adenocarcinoma cells (LNCaP). The novel cationic, iodinated BODIPY, demonstrated the highest activity toward all studied cells. An excellent cytotoxic effect was found against LNCaP cells with an IC50 value of 19.3 nM, whereas the viability of S. aureus was reduced by >5.6 log10 at 0.25 μM concentration and by >5.3 log10 in the case of E. coli at 5 μM. Thus, this analog seems to be a very promising candidate for the application in both anticancer and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslaw Piskorz
- Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, Poznań, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Weronika Porolnik
- Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, Poznań, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Kucinska
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Dojazd 30 Street, 60-631 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jolanta Dlugaszewska
- Chair and Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Swiecickiego, Poznań, 4, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marek Murias
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Dojazd 30 Street, 60-631 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Mielcarek
- Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, Poznań, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
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Alginate-Based Platforms for Cancer-Targeted Drug Delivery. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1487259. [PMID: 33083451 PMCID: PMC7563048 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1487259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As an acidic, ocean colloid polysaccharide, alginate is both a biopolymer and a polyelectrolyte that is considered to be biocompatible, nontoxic, nonimmunogenic, and biodegradable. A significant number of studies have confirmed the potential use of alginate-based platforms as effective vehicles for drug delivery for cancer-targeted treatment. In this review, the focus is on the formation of alginate-based cancer-targeted delivery systems. Specifically, some general chemical and physical properties of alginate and different types of alginate-based delivery systems are discussed, and various kinds of alginate-based carriers are introduced. Finally, recent innovative strategies to functionalize alginate-based vehicles for cancer targeting are described to highlight research towards the optimization of alginate.
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Bongarzone S, Sementa T, Dunn J, Bordoloi J, Sunassee K, Blower PJ, Gee A. Imaging Biotin Trafficking In Vivo with Positron Emission Tomography. J Med Chem 2020; 63:8265-8275. [PMID: 32658479 PMCID: PMC7445742 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The water-soluble vitamin biotin is essential for cellular growth, development, and well-being, but its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion are poorly understood. This paper describes the radiolabeling of biotin with the positron emission tomography (PET) radionuclide carbon-11 ([11C]biotin) to enable the quantitative study of biotin trafficking in vivo. We show that intravenously administered [11C]biotin is quickly distributed to the liver, kidneys, retina, heart, and brain in rodents-consistent with the known expression of the biotin transporter-and there is a surprising accumulation in the brown adipose tissue (BAT). Orally administered [11C]biotin was rapidly absorbed in the small intestine and swiftly distributed to the same organs. Preadministration of nonradioactive biotin inhibited organ uptake and increased excretion. [11C]Biotin PET imaging therefore provides a dynamic in vivo map of transporter-mediated biotin trafficking in healthy rodents. This technique will enable the exploration of biotin trafficking in humans and its use as a research tool for diagnostic imaging of obesity/diabetes, bacterial infection, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Bongarzone
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa Sementa
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Joel Dunn
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Jayanta Bordoloi
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Kavitha Sunassee
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Philip J Blower
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Antony Gee
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
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31
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Fam KT, Collot M, Klymchenko AS. Probing biotin receptors in cancer cells with rationally designed fluorogenic squaraine dimers. Chem Sci 2020; 11:8240-8248. [PMID: 34094177 PMCID: PMC8163205 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01973a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorogenic probes enable imaging biomolecular targets with high sensitivity and maximal signal-to-background ratio under non-wash conditions. Here, we focus on the molecular design of biotinylated dimeric squaraines that undergo aggregation-caused quenching in aqueous media through intramolecular H-type dimerization, but turn on their fluorescence in apolar environment due to target-mediated disaggregation. Our structure-property study revealed that depending on the linkers used to connect the squaraine dyes, different aggregation patterns could be obtained (intramolecular dimerization versus intermolecular aggregation) leading to different probing efficiencies. Using a relatively short l-lysine linker we developed a bright fluorogenic probe, Sq2B, displaying only intramolecular dimerization-caused quenching properties in aqueous media. The latter was successfully applied for imaging biotin receptors, in particular sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter (SMVT), which are overexpressed at the surface of cancer cells. Competitive displacement with SMVT-targets, such as biotin, lipoic acid or sodium pantothenate, showed Sq2B targeting ability to SMVT. This fluorogenic probe for biotin receptors could distinguish cancer cells (HeLa and KB) from model non-cancer cell lines (NIH/3T3 and HEK293T). The obtained results provide guidelines for development of new dimerization-based fluorogenic probes and propose bright tools for imaging biotin receptors, which is particularly important for specific detection of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyong T Fam
- Nanochemistry and Bioimaging Group, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, CNRS UMR 7021, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie 67401 Illkirch France
| | - Mayeul Collot
- Nanochemistry and Bioimaging Group, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, CNRS UMR 7021, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie 67401 Illkirch France
| | - Andrey S Klymchenko
- Nanochemistry and Bioimaging Group, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, CNRS UMR 7021, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie 67401 Illkirch France
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32
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Fan Q, Cui X, Guo H, Xu Y, Zhang G, Peng B. Application of rare earth-doped nanoparticles in biological imaging and tumor treatment. J Biomater Appl 2020; 35:237-263. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328220924540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Rare earth-doped nanoparticles have been widely used in disease diagnosis, drug delivery, tumor therapy, and bioimaging. Among various bioimaging methods, the fluorescence imaging technology based on the rare earth-doped nanoparticles can visually display the cell activity and lesion evolution in living animals, which is a powerful tool in biological technology and has being widely applied in medical and biological fields. Especially in the band of near infrared (700–1700 nm), the emissions show the characteristics of deep penetration due to low absorption, low photon scattering, and low autofluorescence interference. Furthermore, the rare earth-doped nanoparticles can be endowed with the water solubility, biocompatibility, drug-loading ability, and the targeting ability for different tumors by surface functionalization. This confirms its potential in the cancer diagnosis and treatment. In this review, we summarized the recent progress in the application of rare earth-doped nanoparticles in the field of bioimaging and tumor treatment. The luminescent mechanism, properties, and structure design were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Xi’an, Shaanxi, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiaoxia Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Xi’an, Shaanxi, PR China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Haitao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Xi’an, Shaanxi, PR China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yantao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Xi’an, Shaanxi, PR China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Guangwei Zhang
- Zhejiang Fountain Aptitude Technology Inc., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Bo Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Xi’an, Shaanxi, PR China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
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Wang B, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Yang C, Zeng Z, Huan S, Song G, Zhang X. Oxygen-Embedded Pentacene Based Near-Infrared Chemiluminescent Nanoprobe for Highly Selective and Sensitive Visualization of Peroxynitrite In Vivo. Anal Chem 2020; 92:4154-4163. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bingzhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Youjuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanpei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zebing Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuangyan Huan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guosheng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaobing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
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Wen Y, Schreiber CL, Smith BD. Dual-Targeted Phototherapeutic Agents as Magic Bullets for Cancer. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:474-482. [PMID: 31940166 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Imagine the ideal cancer drug that only kills cancer cells and does not affect nearby noncancerous cells. In the words of Paul Ehrlich, the drug acts like a magic bullet. This Topical Review summarizes an emerging new strategy to achieve this audacious goal. The central concept is a dual-targeted phototherapeutic agent for photodynamic or photothermal therapy. The dual-targeted phototherapeutic agent promotes cancer cell specificity by leveraging three levels of selectivity. Cell death will only occur in the anatomical location that is illuminated with light (Selectivity Level 1) and in cancer cells within the illumination area that have selectively accumulated the agent (Selectivity Level 2). The cancer cell killing effect is highly localized if the agent accumulates in hypersensitive intracellular organelles (Selectivity Level 3). The common targeting units for cancer cells and organelles are described, along with recent examples of dual-targeted phototherapeutic agents that incorporate these two classes of targeting units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.,Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Cynthia L Schreiber
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Bradley D Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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35
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Thakur NS, Patel G, Kushwah V, Jain S, Banerjee UC. Facile development of biodegradable polymer-based nanotheranostics: Hydrophobic photosensitizers delivery, fluorescence imaging and photodynamic therapy. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 193:39-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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36
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Jenni S, Sour A, Bolze F, Ventura B, Heitz V. Tumour-targeting photosensitisers for one- and two-photon activated photodynamic therapy. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:6585-6594. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00731h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Efficient receptor-mediated delivery of a folate-targeted photosensitiser to kill cancer cells following two-photon excitation in the near-infrared is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Jenni
- Laboratoire de Synthèse des Assemblages Moléculaires Multifonctionnels
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg UMR 7177/CNRS
- Université de Strasbourg
- 67000 Strasbourg
- France
| | - Angélique Sour
- Laboratoire de Synthèse des Assemblages Moléculaires Multifonctionnels
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg UMR 7177/CNRS
- Université de Strasbourg
- 67000 Strasbourg
- France
| | - Frédéric Bolze
- CAMB
- UMR 7199
- UdS/CNRS
- Faculté de Pharmacie
- Université de Strasbourg
| | | | - Valérie Heitz
- Laboratoire de Synthèse des Assemblages Moléculaires Multifonctionnels
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg UMR 7177/CNRS
- Université de Strasbourg
- 67000 Strasbourg
- France
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