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Wang Q, Yang Y, Li P, Dong R, Sun C, Song G, Wang Y. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles induce apoptosis through ROS-Ca 2+-p38/AKT/mTOR pathway in TM4 cells. J Appl Toxicol 2024; 44:818-832. [PMID: 38272789 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) can cause apoptosis in TM4 cells; however, the underlying mechanism has not been entirely elucidated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of TiO2 NPs on ROS, Ca2+ level, p38/AKT/mTOR pathway, and apoptosis in TM4 cells and to evaluate the role of Ca2+ in p38/AKT/mTOR pathway and apoptosis. After exposure to different concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 μg/mL) of TiO2 NPs for 24 h, cell viability, ROS, Ca2+ level, Ca2+-ATPase activity, p38/AKT/mTOR pathway-related proteins, apoptosis rate, and apoptosis-related proteins (Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase 3, Caspase 9, and p53) were detected. The ROS scavenger NAC was used to determine the effect of ROS on Ca2+ level. The Ca2+ chelator BAPTA-AM was used to evaluate the role of Ca2+ in p38/AKT/mTOR pathway and apoptosis. TiO2 NPs significantly inhibited cell viability, increased ROS level, and elevated Ca2+ level while suppressing Ca2+-ATPase activity. TiO2 NPs regulated the p38/AKT/mTOR pathway via increasing p-p38 level and decreasing p-AKT and p-mTOR levels. TiO2 NPs significantly enhanced the apoptosis. NAC attenuated Ca2+ overload and reduction in Ca2+-ATPase activity caused by TiO2 NPs. BAPTA-AM alleviated TiO2 NPs-induced abnormal expression of p38/AKT/mTOR pathway-related proteins. BAPTA-AM assuaged the apoptosis caused by TiO2 NPs. Altogether, this study revealed that TiO2 NPs elevated intracellular Ca2+ level through ROS accumulation. Subsequently, the heightened intracellular Ca2+ level was observed to exert regulation over the p38/AKT/mTOR pathway, ultimately culminating in apoptosis. These results provides a complementary understanding to the mechanism of TiO2 NPs-induced apoptosis in TM4 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine/the Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Public Health Security, the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | | | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine/the Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Public Health Security, the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Ruoyun Dong
- Department of Preventive Medicine/the Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Public Health Security, the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Chenhao Sun
- Department of Preventive Medicine/the Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Public Health Security, the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Guanling Song
- Department of Preventive Medicine/the Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Public Health Security, the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
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2
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Ji M, Wang Y, Su W, Chen L, Liu Y, Yang Y, Fei Y, Ma J, Chen Y, Mi L. Enhancing the photodynamic effect of curcumin through modification with TiO 2 nanoparticles and cationic polymers. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 252:112851. [PMID: 38306801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Curcumin (CUR), a natural compound extracted from turmeric, has shown potential as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy (PDT). The aim of this work was to enhance the efficacy of CUR by modifying it using titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles and a cationic polymer called Sofast to create a nanocomposite TiO2-CUR-Sofast (TCS). Compared to unmodified CUR, TCS exhibited a broadening toward longer wavelength in the absorption wavelength within the 400-550 nm range, leading to improved CUR absorption. Cellular uptake efficiency of TCS was also enhanced, and it demonstrated nearly 4.7-fold higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation than CUR. Furthermore, TCS displayed the ability to attach to the cell membrane and enter cells within a 30-min incubation period. Upon irradiation, TCS exhibited remarkable cytotoxicity, resulting in a significant reduction in the viability of various cancer cells. Autofluorescence lifetime imaging of intracellular reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) (NAD(P)H) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) enzymes indicated that cancer cells treated with TCS and irradiation undergo a metabolic pathway shift from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis. These findings highlight the potential of TCS as an effective PDT agent for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingmei Ji
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-precision Optical Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yulan Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 26 Shengli Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, China
| | - Wenhua Su
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-precision Optical Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Liwen Chen
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-precision Optical Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuzhe Liu
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-precision Optical Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuwei Yang
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-precision Optical Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yiyan Fei
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-precision Optical Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiong Ma
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-precision Optical Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China; Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, The Multiscale Research Institute of Complex Systems (MRICS), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 26 Shengli Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, China.
| | - Lan Mi
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-precision Optical Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China; Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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3
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Donadoni E, Frigerio G, Siani P, Motta S, Vertemara J, De Gioia L, Bonati L, Di Valentin C. Molecular Dynamics for the Optimal Design of Functionalized Nanodevices to Target Folate Receptors on Tumor Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:6123-6137. [PMID: 37831005 PMCID: PMC10646887 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Atomistic details on the mechanism of targeting activity by biomedical nanodevices of specific receptors are still scarce in the literature, where mostly ligand/receptor pairs are modeled. Here, we use atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, free energy calculations, and machine learning approaches on the case study of spherical TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) functionalized with folic acid (FA) as the targeting ligand of the folate receptor (FR). We consider different FA densities on the surface and different anchoring approaches, i.e., direct covalent bonding of FA γ-carboxylate or through polyethylene glycol spacers. By molecular docking, we first identify the lowest energy conformation of one FA inside the FR binding pocket from the X-ray crystal structure, which becomes the starting point of classical MD simulations in a realistic physiological environment. We estimate the binding free energy to be compared with the existing experimental data. Then, we increase complexity and go from the isolated FA to a nanosystem decorated with several FAs. Within the simulation time framework, we confirm the stability of the ligand-receptor interaction, even in the presence of the NP (with or without a spacer), and no significant modification of the protein secondary structure is observed. Our study highlights the crucial role played by the spacer, FA protonation state, and density, which are parameters that can be controlled during the nanodevice preparation step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Donadoni
- Dipartimento
di Scienza dei Materiali, Università
di Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Giulia Frigerio
- Dipartimento
di Scienza dei Materiali, Università
di Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Paulo Siani
- Dipartimento
di Scienza dei Materiali, Università
di Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Motta
- Dipartimento
di Scienze dell’Ambiente e del Territorio, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Jacopo Vertemara
- Dipartimento
di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università
di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza
della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Luca De Gioia
- Dipartimento
di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università
di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza
della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Bonati
- Dipartimento
di Scienze dell’Ambiente e del Territorio, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Cristiana Di Valentin
- Dipartimento
di Scienza dei Materiali, Università
di Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
- BioNanoMedicine
Center NANOMIB, Università di Milano-Bicocca, via R. Follereau 3, 20854 Vedano al Lambro, Italy
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Oliveira RI, de Oliveira IN, de Conto JF, de Souza AM, Batistuzzo de Medeiros SR, Egues SM, Padilha FF, Hernández-Macedo ML. Photocatalytic effect of N-TiO 2 conjugated with folic acid against biofilm-forming resistant bacteria. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22108. [PMID: 38027799 PMCID: PMC10658382 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance challenges the treatment of bacterial biofilm-related infections, but the use of nanoparticles as a treatment is a promising strategy to overcome bacterial infections. This study applied nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide (N-TiO2) conjugated with folic acid (FA) on biofilm-forming resistant bacteria. The photocatalytic effect of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) was studied under ultraviolet (UV), visible light, and dark conditions at 60, 120, and 180 min against planktonic cells and biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. TiO2 NPs were in the anatase phase, spherical shaped with sizes of 10-13 nm, and effectively doped and conjugated with N and FA. The FA-conjugated nanoparticles (N-TiO2-FA and FA-TiO2) were shown to have a bactericidal effect on all bacteria between 60 and 180 min under UV and visible light conditions. Concerning biofilms, N-TiO2-FA was shown to have a highly disruptive effect on all bacterial biofilms under UV irradiation at 180 min. Meanwhile, the nanoparticles did not show DNA damaging potential and they had no cytostatic effect, indicating that these NPs are biocompatible. In sum, nanoparticle conjugation with FA promoted photocatalytic effectiveness, revealing the promise this nanomaterial holds as a biocompatible antimicrobial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaella I.S. Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Industrial Biotechnology, Tiradentes University, 49032-490, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Technology and Research, Tiradentes University, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Iracema N. de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Technology and Research, Tiradentes University, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Juliana F. de Conto
- Laboratory of Materials Synthesis and Chromatography, Center for Studies in Colloidal Systems, Institute of Technology and Research, Tiradentes University, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Augusto M. de Souza
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59078-900, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Silvia R. Batistuzzo de Medeiros
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59078-900, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Silvia M. Egues
- Laboratory of Materials Synthesis and Chromatography, Center for Studies in Colloidal Systems, Institute of Technology and Research, Tiradentes University, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Process Engineering, Tiradentes University, 49037-580 Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Francine F. Padilha
- Graduate Program in Industrial Biotechnology, Tiradentes University, 49032-490, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Technology and Research Institute, Tiradentes University, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Maria L. Hernández-Macedo
- Graduate Program in Industrial Biotechnology, Tiradentes University, 49032-490, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Technology and Research, Tiradentes University, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
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5
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Bhattacharya D, Mukhopadhyay M, Shivam K, Tripathy S, Patra R, Pramanik A. Recent developments in photodynamic therapy and its application against multidrug resistant cancers. Biomed Mater 2023; 18:062005. [PMID: 37827172 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad02d4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Recently, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has received a lot of attention for its potential use in cancer treatment. It enables the therapy of a multifocal disease with the least amount of tissue damage. The most widely used prodrug is 5-aminolevulinic acid, which undergoes heme pathway conversion to protoporphyrin IX, which acts as a photosensitizer (PS). Additionally, hematoporphyrin, bacteriochlorin, and phthalocyanine are also studied for their therapeutic potential in cancer. Unfortunately, not every patient who receives PDT experiences a full recovery. Resistance to different anticancer treatments is commonly observed. A few of the resistance mechanisms by which cancer cells escape therapeutics are genetic factors, drug-drug interactions, impaired DNA repair pathways, mutations related to inhibition of apoptosis, epigenetic pathways, etc. Recently, much research has been conducted to develop a new generation of PS based on nanomaterials that could be used to overcome cancer cells' multidrug resistance (MDR). Various metal-based, polymeric, lipidic nanoparticles (NPs), dendrimers, etc, have been utilized in the PDT application against cancer. This article discusses the detailed mechanism by which cancer cells evolve towards MDR as well as recent advances in PDT-based NPs for use against multidrug-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debalina Bhattacharya
- Department of Microbiology, Maulana Azad College, Kolkata, West Bengal 700013, India
| | - Mainak Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, JIS University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700109, India
| | - Kumar Shivam
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research & Studies, Amity University, Noida 201301, India
| | - Satyajit Tripathy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Free State, Bloemfontein, Free State, 9301, South Africa
- Amity Institute of Allied Health Science, Amity University, Noida 201301, India
| | - Ranjan Patra
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research & Studies, Amity University, Noida 201301, India
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Arindam Pramanik
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, United Kingdom
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida 201301, India
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Lima E, Reis LV. Photodynamic Therapy: From the Basics to the Current Progress of N-Heterocyclic-Bearing Dyes as Effective Photosensitizers. Molecules 2023; 28:5092. [PMID: 37446758 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy, an alternative that has gained weight and popularity compared to current conventional therapies in the treatment of cancer, is a minimally invasive therapeutic strategy that generally results from the simultaneous action of three factors: a molecule with high sensitivity to light, the photosensitizer, molecular oxygen in the triplet state, and light energy. There is much to be said about each of these three elements; however, the efficacy of the photosensitizer is the most determining factor for the success of this therapeutic modality. Porphyrins, chlorins, phthalocyanines, boron-dipyrromethenes, and cyanines are some of the N-heterocycle-bearing dyes' classes with high biological promise. In this review, a concise approach is taken to these and other families of potential photosensitizers and the molecular modifications that have recently appeared in the literature within the scope of their photodynamic application, as well as how these compounds and their formulations may eventually overcome the deficiencies of the molecules currently clinically used and revolutionize the therapies to eradicate or delay the growth of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eurico Lima
- CQ-VR-Chemistry Centre of Vila Real, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Lucinda V Reis
- CQ-VR-Chemistry Centre of Vila Real, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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7
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Hajareh Haghighi F, Mercurio M, Cerra S, Salamone TA, Bianymotlagh R, Palocci C, Romano Spica V, Fratoddi I. Surface modification of TiO 2 nanoparticles with organic molecules and their biological applications. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:2334-2366. [PMID: 36847384 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02576k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, titanium(IV) dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) have shown promising potential in various biological applications such as antimicrobials, drug delivery, photodynamic therapy, biosensors, and tissue engineering. For employing TiO2NPs in these fields, their nanosurface must be coated or conjugated with organic and/or inorganic agents. This modification can improve their stability, photochemical properties, biocompatibility, and even surface area for further conjugation with other molecules such as drugs, targeting molecules, polymers, etc. This review describes the organic-based modification of TiO2NPs and their potential applications in the mentioned biological fields. In the first part of this review, around 75 recent publications (2017-2022) are mentioned on the common TiO2NP modifiers including organosilanes, polymers, small molecules, and hydrogels, which improve the photochemical features of TiO2NPs. In the second part of this review, we presented 149 recent papers (2020-2022) about the use of modified TiO2NPs in biological applications, in which specific bioactive modifiers are introduced in this part with their advantages. In this review, the following information is presented: (1) the common organic modifiers for TiO2NPs, (2) biologically important modifiers and their benefits, and (3) recent publications on biological studies on the modified TiO2NPs with their achievements. This review shows the paramount significance of the organic-based modification of TiO2NPs to enhance their biological effectiveness, paving the way toward the development of advanced TiO2-based nanomaterials in nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid Hajareh Haghighi
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Martina Mercurio
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Sara Cerra
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Roya Bianymotlagh
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Cleofe Palocci
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy. .,Research Center for Applied Sciences to the Safeguard of Environment and Cultural Heritage (CIABC), Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Romano Spica
- Department of Movement, Health and Human Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro De Bosis, 15, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Fratoddi
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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8
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Kolarikova M, Hosikova B, Dilenko H, Barton-Tomankova K, Valkova L, Bajgar R, Malina L, Kolarova H. Photodynamic therapy: Innovative approaches for antibacterial and anticancer treatments. Med Res Rev 2023. [PMID: 36757198 DOI: 10.1002/med.21935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy is an alternative treatment mainly for cancer but also for bacterial infections. This treatment dates back to 1900 when a German medical school graduate Oscar Raab found a photodynamic effect while doing research for his doctoral dissertation with Professor Hermann von Tappeiner. Unexpectedly, Raab revealed that the toxicity of acridine on paramecium depends on the intensity of light in his laboratory. Photodynamic therapy is therefore based on the administration of a photosensitizer with subsequent light irradiation within the absorption maxima of this substance followed by reactive oxygen species formation and finally cell death. Although this treatment is not a novelty, there is an endeavor for various modifications to the therapy. For example, selectivity and efficiency of the photosensitizer, as well as irradiation with various types of light sources are still being modified to improve final results of the photodynamic therapy. The main aim of this review is to summarize anticancer and antibacterial modifications, namely various compounds, approaches, and techniques, to enhance the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marketa Kolarikova
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Hosikova
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Hanna Dilenko
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Barton-Tomankova
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Valkova
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Bajgar
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Malina
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Kolarova
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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9
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Zhang L, Zhu P, Wan T, Wang H, Mao Z. Glutamine coated titanium for synergistic sonodynamic and photothermal on tumor therapy upon targeted delivery. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1139426. [PMID: 37101748 PMCID: PMC10123279 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1139426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The application of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) for cancer therapy has been studied for decades; however, the targeted delivery of TiO2 NPs to tumor tissues is challenging, and its efficiency needs to be improved. Method: In this study, we designed an oxygen-deficient TiO2-x coated with glutamine layer for targeted delivery, as well as the enhanced separation of electrons (e-) and holes (h+) following the joint application of sonodynamic therapy (SDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT). Results: This oxygen-deficient TiO2-x possesses relatively high photothermal and sonodynamic efficiency at the 1064 nm NIR-II bio-window. The GL-dependent design eased the penetration of the TiO2-x into the tumor tissues (approximately three-fold). The in vitro and in vivo tests showed that the SDT/PTT-based synergistic treatment achieved more optimized therapeutic effects than the sole use of either SDT or PTT. Conclusion: Our study provided a safety targeted delivery strategy, and enhanced the therapeutic efficiency of SDT/PTT synergistic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zhang
- Changzhou Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Pengfeng Zhu
- Changzhou Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Ting Wan
- Changzhou Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Huaiyan Wang
- Changzhou Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhilei Mao, ; Huaiyan Wang,
| | - Zhilei Mao
- Changzhou Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhilei Mao, ; Huaiyan Wang,
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10
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Ivanova-Radkevich VI. Biochemical Basis of Selective Accumulation and Targeted Delivery of Photosensitizers to Tumor Tissues. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2022; 87:1226-1242. [PMID: 36509715 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297922110025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The method of photodynamic therapy for treatment of malignant neoplasms is based on the selective of accumulation of photosensitizers in the tumor tissue. Insufficient selectivity of photosensitizers in relation to pathologically altered tissues and generalized distribution throughout the body leads to the development of severe toxic effects, including skin phototoxicity. The mechanisms underlying selectivity of photosensitizers for tumor tissue include selective binding to blood proteins and lipoproteins (considering that the number of receptors for those is increased on tumor cell membranes), uptake by macrophages, better solubility at low pH (acidic pH is characteristic of tumor cells), and other mechanisms. At present, increase in the efficiency of photodynamic therapy is largely associated with the additional targeting of photosensitizers to tumor tissues. Targeted delivery strategies are based on the differences in metabolism and gene expression profiles between the tumor and healthy cells. There are differences in expression of receptors, proteases, or transmembrane transporters in these cells. In particular, accelerated metabolism in many types of tumors leads to overexpression of receptors for epidermal growth factor, folic acid, transferrin, and a number of other compounds. This review considers biochemical basis for the selective accumulation of various classes of photosensitizers in tumors (chlorins, phthalocyanines, 5-aminolevulinic acid derivatives, etc.) and discusses various strategies of targeted delivery with emphasis on conjugation of photosensitizers with the receptor ligands overexpressed in tumor cells.
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Hong SO, Kook MS, Jeong YIL, Park MJ, Yang SW, Kim BH. Nanophotosensitizers Composed of Phenyl Boronic Acid Pinacol Ester-Conjugated Chitosan Oligosaccharide via Thioketal Linker for Reactive Oxygen Species-Sensitive Delivery of Chlorin e6 against Oral Cancer Cells. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7057. [PMID: 36295132 PMCID: PMC9604738 DOI: 10.3390/ma15207057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chlorin E6 (Ce6)-incorporated nanophotosensitizers were fabricated for application in photodynamic therapy (PDT) of oral cancer cells. For this purpose, chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) was conjugated with hydrophobic and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-sensitive moieties, such as phenyl boronic acid pinacol ester (PBAP) via a thioketal linker (COSthPBAP). ThdCOOH was conjugated with PBAP to produce ThdCOOH-PBAP conjugates and then attached to amine groups of COS to produce a COSthPBAP copolymer. Ce6-incorporated nanophotosensitizers using the COSthPBAP copolymer were fabricated through the nanoprecipitation and dialysis methods. The Ce6-incorporated COSthPBAP nanophotosensitizers had a small diameter of less than 200 nm with a mono-modal distribution pattern. However, it became a multimodal and/or irregular distribution pattern when H2O2 was added. In a morphological observation using TEM, the nanophotosensitizers were disintegrated by the addition of H2O2, indicating that the COSthPBAP nanophotosensitizers had ROS sensitivity. In addition, the Ce6 release rate from the COSthPBAP nanophotosensitizers accelerated in the presence of H2O2. The SO generation was also higher in the nanophotosensitizers than in the free Ce6. Furthermore, the COSthPBAP nanophotosensitizers showed a higher intracellular Ce6 uptake ratio and ROS generation in all types of oral cancer cells. They efficiently inhibited the viability of oral cancer cells under light irradiation, but they did not significantly affect the viability of either normal cells or cancer cells in the absence of light irradiation. The COSthPBAP nanophotosensitizers showed a tumor-specific delivery capacity and fluorescence imaging of KB tumors in an in vivo animal tumor imaging study. We suggest that COSthPBAP nanophotosensitizers are promising candidates for the imaging and treatment of oral cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Ok Hong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kyung Hee University Dental Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul 05278, Korea
| | - Min-Suk Kook
- Department of Maxillofacial Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Young-IL Jeong
- Department of Dental Materials, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Min-Ju Park
- Department of Dental Materials, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Seong-Won Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61453, Korea
| | - Byung-Hoon Kim
- Department of Dental Materials, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
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Yang T, Zhai J, Hu D, Yang R, Wang G, Li Y, Liang G. "Targeting Design" of Nanoparticles in Tumor Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091919. [PMID: 36145668 PMCID: PMC9501451 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-targeted therapy based on nanoparticles is a popular research direction in the biomedical field. After decades of research and development, both the passive targeting ability of the inherent properties of NPs and the active targeting based on ligand receptor interaction have gained deeper understanding. Unfortunately, most targeted delivery strategies are still in the preclinical trial stage, so it is necessary to further study the biological fate of particles in vivo and the interaction mechanism with tumors. This article reviews different targeted delivery strategies based on NPs, and focuses on the physical and chemical properties of NPs (size, morphology, surface and intrinsic properties), ligands (binding number/force, activity and species) and receptors (endocytosis, distribution and recycling) and other factors that affect particle targeting. The limitations and solutions of these factors are further discussed, and a variety of new targeting schemes are introduced, hoping to provide guidance for future targeting design and achieve the purpose of rapid transformation of targeted particles into clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Jingming Zhai
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Dong Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Ruyue Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Guidan Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Yuanpei Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (G.L.)
| | - Gaofeng Liang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (G.L.)
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Nosrati H, Ghaffarlou M, Salehiabar M, Mousazadeh N, Abhari F, Barsbay M, Ertas YN, Rashidzadeh H, Mohammadi A, Nasehi L, Rezaeejam H, Davaran S, Ramazani A, Conde J, Danafar H. Magnetite and bismuth sulfide Janus heterostructures as radiosensitizers for in vivo enhanced radiotherapy in breast cancer. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 140:213090. [PMID: 36027669 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Janus heterostructures based on bimetallic nanoparticles have emerged as effective radiosensitizers owing to their radiosensitization capabilities in cancer cells. In this context, this study aims at developing a novel bimetallic nanoradiosensitizer, Bi2S3-Fe3O4, to enhance tumor accumulation and promote radiation-induced DNA damage while reducing adverse effects. Due to the presence of both iron oxide and bismuth sulfide metallic nanoparticles in these newly developed nanoparticle, strong radiosensitizing capacity is anticipated through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to induce DNA damage under X-Ray irradiation. To improve blood circulation time, biocompatibility, colloidal stability, and tuning surface functionalization, the surface of Bi2S3-Fe3O4 bimetallic nanoparticles was coated with bovine serum albumin (BSA). Moreover, to achieve higher cellular uptake and efficient tumor site specificity, folic acid (FA) as a targeting moiety was conjugated onto the bimetallic nanoparticles, termed Bi2S3@BSA-Fe3O4-FA. Biocompatibility, safety, radiation-induced DNA damage by ROS activation and generation, and radiosensitizing ability were confirmed via in vitro and in vivo assays. The administration of Bi2S3@BSA-Fe3O4-FA in 4T1 breast cancer murine model upon X-ray radiation revealed highly effective tumor eradication without causing any mortality or severe toxicity in healthy tissues. These findings offer compelling evidence for the potential capability of Bi2S3@BSA-Fe3O4-FA as an ideal nanoparticle for radiation-induced cancer therapy and open interesting avenues of future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Nosrati
- Department of Biotechnology, Research Institute of Modern Biological Techniques (RIMBT), University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran
| | | | - Marziyeh Salehiabar
- ERNAM-Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Navid Mousazadeh
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Abhari
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Murat Barsbay
- Hacettepe University, Department of Chemistry, Beytepe, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Nuri Ertas
- ERNAM-Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Hamid Rashidzadeh
- ERNAM-Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Ali Mohammadi
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Leila Nasehi
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Paramedical Sciences, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Hamed Rezaeejam
- Department of Radiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 45139-56184, Iran
| | - Soodabeh Davaran
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 51656-65811, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Ramazani
- Department of Biotechnology, Research Institute of Modern Biological Techniques (RIMBT), University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran.
| | - João Conde
- ToxOmics, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS|FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Hossein Danafar
- ERNAM-Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey.
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Makuch S, Dróżdż M, Makarec A, Ziółkowski P, Woźniak M. An Update on Photodynamic Therapy of Psoriasis—Current Strategies and Nanotechnology as a Future Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179845. [PMID: 36077239 PMCID: PMC9456335 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis (PS) is an immune-mediated skin disease with substantial negative effects on patient quality of life. Despite significant progress in the development of novel treatment options over the past few decades, a high percentage of patients with psoriasis remain undertreated and require new medications with superior long-term efficacy and safety. One of the most promising treatment options against psoriatic lesions is a form of phototherapy known as photodynamic therapy (PDT), which involves either the systemic or local application of a cell-targeting photosensitizing compound, followed by selective illumination of the lesion with visible light. However, the effectiveness of clinically incorporated photosensitizers in psoriasis treatment is limited, and adverse effects such as pain or burning sensations are frequently reported. In this study, we performed a literature review and attempted to provide a pooled estimate of the efficacy and short-term safety of targeted PDT in the treatment of psoriasis. Despite some encouraging results, PDT remains clinically underutilized. This highlights the need for further studies that will aim to evaluate the efficacy of a wider spectrum of photosensitizers and the potential of nanotechnology in psoriasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Makuch
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Mateusz Dróżdż
- Laboratory of RNA Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alicja Makarec
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Ziółkowski
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marta Woźniak
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
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Donadoni E, Siani P, Frigerio G, Di Valentin C. Multi-scale modeling of folic acid-functionalized TiO 2 nanoparticles for active targeting of tumor cells. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:12099-12116. [PMID: 35959762 PMCID: PMC9404434 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02603a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Strategies based on the active targeting of tumor cells are emerging as smart and efficient nanomedical procedures. Folic acid (FA) is a vitamin and a well-established tumor targeting agent because of its strong affinity for the folate receptor (FR), which is an overexpressed protein on the cell membranes of the tumor cells. FA can be successfully anchored to several nanocarriers, including inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) based on transition metal oxides. Among them, TiO2 is extremely interesting because of its excellent photoabsorption and photocatalytic properties, which can be exploited in photodynamic therapy. However, it is not yet clear in which respects direct anchoring of FA to the NP or the use of spacers, based on polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains, are different and whether one approach is better than the other. In this work, we combine Quantum Mechanics (QM) and classical Molecular Dynamics (MD) to design and optimize the FA functionalization on bare and PEGylated TiO2 models and to study the dynamical behavior of the resulting nanoconjugates in a pure water environment and in physiological conditions. We observe that they are chemically stable, even under the effect of increasing temperature (up to 500 K). Using the results from long MD simulations (100 ns) and from free energy calculations, we determine how the density of FA molecules on the TiO2 NP and the presence of PEG spacers impact on the actual exposure of the ligands, especially by affecting the extent of FA-FA intermolecular interactions, which are detrimental for the targeting ability of FA towards the folate receptor. This analysis provides a solid and rational basis for experimentalists to define the optimal FA density and the more appropriate mode of anchoring to the carrier, according to the final purpose of the nanoconjugate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Donadoni
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università di Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy.
| | - Paulo Siani
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università di Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy.
| | - Giulia Frigerio
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università di Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy.
| | - Cristiana Di Valentin
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università di Milano-Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy.
- BioNanoMedicine Center NANOMIB, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
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Sargazi S, ER S, Sacide Gelen S, Rahdar A, Bilal M, Arshad R, Ajalli N, Farhan Ali Khan M, Pandey S. Application of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in photothermal and photodynamic therapy of cancer: An updated and comprehensive review. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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Recent advances in ZnO-based photosensitizers: Synthesis, modification, and applications in photodynamic cancer therapy. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 621:440-463. [PMID: 35483177 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.04.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are important semiconductor materials with interesting photo-responsive properties. During the past, ZnO-based NPs have received considerable attention for photodynamic therapy (PDT) due to their biocompatibility and excellent potential of generating tumor-killing reactive oxygen species (ROS) through gentle photodynamic activation. This article provides a comprehensive review of the recent developments and improvements in optical properties of ZnO NPs as photosensitizers for PDT. The optical properties of ZnO-based photosensitizers are significantly dependent on their charge separation, absorption potential, band gap engineering, and surface area, which can be adjusted/tuned by doping, compositing, and morphology control. Here, we first summarize the recent progress in the charge separation capability, absorption potential, band gap engineering, and surface area of nanosized ZnO-based photosensitizers. Then, morphology control that is closely related to their synthesis method is discussed. Following on, the state-of-art for the ZnO-based NPs in the treatment of hypoxic tumors is comprehensively reviewed. Finally, we provide some outlooks on common targeted therapy methods for more effective tumor killing, including the attachment of small molecules, antibodies, ligands molecules, and receptors to NPs which further improve their selective distribution and targeting, hence improving the therapeutic effectiveness. The current review may provide useful guidance for the researchers who are interested in this promising dynamic cancer treatment technology.
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Zhu S, Song Y, Pei J, Xue F, Cui X, Xiong X, Li C. The application of photodynamic inactivation to microorganisms in food. Food Chem X 2021; 12:100150. [PMID: 34761205 PMCID: PMC8566761 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2021.100150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent progresses in the development of photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of bacteria were summarized. Key factors influencing the PDI effects were firstly reviewed. Photosensitizers which can be applied in food products for PDI are summarized. Application of PDI in various food substrates are also reviewed.
Nowadays, food safety issues have drawn increased attention due to the continual occurrence of infectious diseases caused by foodborne pathogens, which is an important factor causing food safety hazard. Meanwhile, the emergence of an increasing number of antibiotic-resistant pathogens is a worrisome phenomenon. Therefore, it is imperative to find new technologies with low-cost to inactivate pathogenic microorganisms and prevent cross-contamination. Compared with traditional preservatives, photodynamic inactivation (PDI) has emerged as a novel and promising strategy to eliminate foodborne pathogens with advantages such as non-toxic and low microbial resistance, which also meets the demand of current consumers for green treatment. Over the past few years, reports of using this technology for food safety have increased rapidly. This review summarizes recent progresses in the development of photodynamic inactivation of foodborne microorganisms. The mechanisms, factors influencing PDI and the application of different photosensitizers (PSs) in different food substrates are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Zhu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Yukang Song
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Jiliu Pei
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Feng Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Xiaowen Cui
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Xiong
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Chen Li
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
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Carobeli LR, Meirelles LEDF, Damke GMZF, Damke E, de Souza MVF, Mari NL, Mashiba KH, Shinobu-Mesquita CS, Souza RP, da Silva VRS, Gonçalves RS, Caetano W, Consolaro MEL. Phthalocyanine and Its Formulations: A Promising Photosensitizer for Cervical Cancer Phototherapy. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122057. [PMID: 34959339 PMCID: PMC8705941 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. Despite advances in current therapies, women with advanced or recurrent disease present poor prognosis. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as an effective therapeutic alternative to treat oncological diseases such as cervical cancer. Phthalocyanines (Pcs) are considered good photosensitizers (PS) for PDT, although most of them present high levels of aggregation and are lipophilic. Despite many investigations and encouraging results, Pcs have not been approved as PS for PDT of invasive cervical cancer yet. This review presents an overview on the pathophysiology of cervical cancer and summarizes the most recent developments on the physicochemical properties of Pcs and biological results obtained both in vitro in tumor-bearing mice and in clinical tests reported in the last five years. Current evidence indicates that Pcs have potential as pharmaceutical agents for anti-cervical cancer therapy. The authors firmly believe that Pc-based formulations could emerge as a privileged scaffold for the establishment of lead compounds for PDT against different types of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucimara R. Carobeli
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (L.R.C.); (L.E.d.F.M.); (G.M.Z.F.D.); (E.D.); (M.V.F.d.S.); (N.L.M.); (K.H.M.); (C.S.S.-M.); (R.P.S.); (V.R.S.d.S.)
| | - Lyvia E. de F. Meirelles
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (L.R.C.); (L.E.d.F.M.); (G.M.Z.F.D.); (E.D.); (M.V.F.d.S.); (N.L.M.); (K.H.M.); (C.S.S.-M.); (R.P.S.); (V.R.S.d.S.)
| | - Gabrielle M. Z. F. Damke
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (L.R.C.); (L.E.d.F.M.); (G.M.Z.F.D.); (E.D.); (M.V.F.d.S.); (N.L.M.); (K.H.M.); (C.S.S.-M.); (R.P.S.); (V.R.S.d.S.)
| | - Edilson Damke
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (L.R.C.); (L.E.d.F.M.); (G.M.Z.F.D.); (E.D.); (M.V.F.d.S.); (N.L.M.); (K.H.M.); (C.S.S.-M.); (R.P.S.); (V.R.S.d.S.)
| | - Maria V. F. de Souza
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (L.R.C.); (L.E.d.F.M.); (G.M.Z.F.D.); (E.D.); (M.V.F.d.S.); (N.L.M.); (K.H.M.); (C.S.S.-M.); (R.P.S.); (V.R.S.d.S.)
| | - Natália L. Mari
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (L.R.C.); (L.E.d.F.M.); (G.M.Z.F.D.); (E.D.); (M.V.F.d.S.); (N.L.M.); (K.H.M.); (C.S.S.-M.); (R.P.S.); (V.R.S.d.S.)
| | - Kayane H. Mashiba
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (L.R.C.); (L.E.d.F.M.); (G.M.Z.F.D.); (E.D.); (M.V.F.d.S.); (N.L.M.); (K.H.M.); (C.S.S.-M.); (R.P.S.); (V.R.S.d.S.)
| | - Cristiane S. Shinobu-Mesquita
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (L.R.C.); (L.E.d.F.M.); (G.M.Z.F.D.); (E.D.); (M.V.F.d.S.); (N.L.M.); (K.H.M.); (C.S.S.-M.); (R.P.S.); (V.R.S.d.S.)
| | - Raquel P. Souza
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (L.R.C.); (L.E.d.F.M.); (G.M.Z.F.D.); (E.D.); (M.V.F.d.S.); (N.L.M.); (K.H.M.); (C.S.S.-M.); (R.P.S.); (V.R.S.d.S.)
| | - Vânia R. S. da Silva
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (L.R.C.); (L.E.d.F.M.); (G.M.Z.F.D.); (E.D.); (M.V.F.d.S.); (N.L.M.); (K.H.M.); (C.S.S.-M.); (R.P.S.); (V.R.S.d.S.)
| | - Renato S. Gonçalves
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (R.S.G.); (W.C.)
| | - Wilker Caetano
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (R.S.G.); (W.C.)
| | - Márcia E. L. Consolaro
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (L.R.C.); (L.E.d.F.M.); (G.M.Z.F.D.); (E.D.); (M.V.F.d.S.); (N.L.M.); (K.H.M.); (C.S.S.-M.); (R.P.S.); (V.R.S.d.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-44-3011-5455
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Mezghrani B, Ali LMA, Richeter S, Durand JO, Hesemann P, Bettache N. Periodic Mesoporous Ionosilica Nanoparticles for Green Light Photodynamic Therapy and Photochemical Internalization of siRNA. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:29325-29339. [PMID: 34138540 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c05848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report periodic mesoporous ionosilica nanoparticles (PMINPs) as versatile nano-objects for imaging, photodynamic therapy (PDT), and efficient adsorption and delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) into breast cancer cells. In order to endow these nanoparticles with PDT and siRNA photochemical internalization (PCI) properties, a porphyrin derivative was integrated into the ionosilica framework. For this purpose, we synthesized PMINPs via hydrolysis-cocondensation procedures from oligosilylated ammonium and porphyrin precursors. The formation of these nano-objects was proved by transmission electron microscopy. The formed nanoparticles were then thoroughly characterized via solid-state NMR, nitrogen sorption, dynamic light scattering, and UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopies. Our results indicate the formation of highly porous nanorods with a length of 108 ± 9 nm and a width of 54 ± 4 nm. A significant PDT effect of type I mechanism (95 ± 2.8% of cell death) was observed upon green light irradiation in nanoparticle-treated breast cancer cells, while the blue light irradiation caused a significant phototoxic effect in non-treated cells. Furthermore, PMINPs formed stable complexes with siRNA (up to 24 h), which were efficiently internalized into the cells after 4 h of incubation mostly with the energy-dependent endocytosis process. The PCI effect was obvious with green light irradiation and successfully led to 83 ± 1.1% silencing of the luciferase gene in luciferase-expressing breast cancer cells, while no gene silencing effect was observed with blue light irradiation. The present work highlights the high potential of porphyrin-doped PMINPs as multifunctional nanocarriers for nucleic acids, such as siRNA, with a triple ability to perform imaging, PDT, and PCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braham Mezghrani
- IBMM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM; Avenue Charles Flahault, CEDEX 05, 34093 Montpellier, France
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier-CNRS-ENSCM, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Lamiaa M A Ali
- IBMM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM; Avenue Charles Flahault, CEDEX 05, 34093 Montpellier, France
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, University of Alexandria, Alexandria 21561, Egypt
| | | | | | - Peter Hesemann
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier-CNRS-ENSCM, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Nadir Bettache
- IBMM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM; Avenue Charles Flahault, CEDEX 05, 34093 Montpellier, France
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Abstract
The healing power of light has attracted interest for thousands of years. Scientific discoveries and technological advancements in the field have eventually led to the emergence of photodynamic therapy, which soon became a promising approach in treating a broad range of diseases. Based on the interaction between light, molecular oxygen, and various photosensitizers, photodynamic therapy represents a non-invasive, non-toxic, repeatable procedure for tumor treatment, wound healing, and pathogens inactivation. However, classic photosensitizing compounds impose limitations on their clinical applications. Aiming to overcome these drawbacks, nanotechnology came as a solution for improving targeting efficiency, release control, and solubility of traditional photosensitizers. This paper proposes a comprehensive path, starting with the photodynamic therapy mechanism, evolution over the years, integration of nanotechnology, and ending with a detailed review of the most important applications of this therapeutic approach.
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