1
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Song Y, Sun X, Nghiem LD, Duan J, Liu W, Liu Y, Cai Z. Insight into Fe-O-Bi electron migration channel in MIL-53(Fe)/Bi 4O 5I 2 Z-scheme heterojunction for efficient photocatalytic decontamination. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 667:321-337. [PMID: 38640652 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.04.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Building a heterojunction is a fascinating option to guarantee sufficient carrier separation and transfer efficiency, but the mechanism of charge migration at the heterojunction interface has not been thoroughly studied. Herein, MIL-53(Fe)/Bi4O5I2 photocatalyst with a Z-scheme heterojunction structure is constructed, which achieves efficient photocatalytic decontamination under solar light. Driven by the newly-built internal electric field (IEF), the formation of Fe-O-Bi electron migration channel allows for rapid separation and transfer of charge carriers at the heterojunction interface, confirmed by the material characterization and density functional theory (DFT) calculation. The narrower band gap and improved visible light response also contribute to the enhanced photocatalytic activity of composite materials. With levofloxacin as the target pollutant, the optimal MIL-53(Fe)/Bi4O5I2 achieves complete removal of pollutant within 150 min, the photocatalysis rate of which is ca. 4.4 and 26.0 times that of pure Bi4O5I2 and MIL-53(Fe), respectively. Simultaneously, the optimal composite material exhibits satisfactory photodegradation of seven fluoroquinolones, and the photocatalysis rates are as follows: lomefloxacin > ciprofloxacin > enrofloxacin > norfloxacin > pefloxacin > levofloxacin > marbofloxacin. DFT calculations reveal a positive relationship between degradation rate and Fukui index (ƒ0) of main carbon atoms in seven fluoroquinolones. This study sheds light on the existence of electron migration channels at Z-scheme heterojunction interface to ensure sufficient photoinduced carrier transfer, and reveals the influence of pollutant structure on photolysis rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyu Song
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xianbo Sun
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Long D Nghiem
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Jun Duan
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Wen Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yongdi Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Zhengqing Cai
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200237, China.
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2
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Patel V, Aggarwal P, Sarvaiya J, Maity P, Ravichandiran V, Kaity S. Exploring novel and fast stability or sameness evaluation tool for different categories of injectable formulations. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 190:106551. [PMID: 37562551 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of drug product stability and sameness is the heart of generic formulation development. For regulatory filing, various instrumental methods are used on a case basis to establish the generic and innovator product sameness in multiple aspects. Here in the present study, we explored the applicability of the Time-correlated single photon counting (TCS-PC) technique as a fast, reliable, and nondestructive method for establishing the sameness of three different categories of injectable formulations, namely, Amphotericin B liposome for injection, enoxaparin injection, and iron sucrose injection. All three category formulations were evaluated in their native and artificially induced post degradation state to identify the discrimination power of the used instrumental techniques. The degradation of materials were confirmed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Based on the product category, pre and post-degradation samples were evaluated by selective instrumental methods like differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), fluorescence spectroscopy, particle size analysis by dynamic light scattering (DLS), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), Raman spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma optical-emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and circular dichroism study. All pre and post-degradation samples were further analyzed by TCS-PC. We observed that, TCS-PC can identify the differences between the initial and post degradation samples in very less time with promising discrimination power across the different injectable formulation types. Thus TCS-PC can be used as a fast and promising stability or sameness evaluation tool for different injectable drug products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhavi Patel
- School of Engineering and Technology, National Forensic Sciences University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Punita Aggarwal
- School of Engineering and Technology, National Forensic Sciences University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Jayrajsinh Sarvaiya
- Center of Excellence FTF, National Forensic Sciences University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Prasenjit Maity
- School of Engineering and Technology, National Forensic Sciences University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Velayutham Ravichandiran
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Santanu Kaity
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
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3
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Subbotin V, Fiksel G. Exploring the Lipid World Hypothesis: A Novel Scenario of Self-Sustained Darwinian Evolution of the Liposomes. ASTROBIOLOGY 2023; 23:344-357. [PMID: 36716277 PMCID: PMC9986030 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2021.0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
According to the Lipid World hypothesis, life on Earth originated with the emergence of amphiphilic assemblies in the form of lipid micelles and vesicles (liposomes). However, the mechanism of appearance of the information molecules (ribozymes/RNA) accompanying that process, considered obligatory for Darwinian evolution, is unclear. We propose a novel scenario of self-sustained Darwinian evolution of the liposomes driven by ever-present natural phenomena: solar UV radiation, day/night cycle, gravity, and the formation of liposomes in an aqueous media. The central tenet of this scenario is the liposomes' encapsulation of the heavy solutes, followed by their gravitational submerging in the water. The submerged liposomes, being protected from the damaging UV radiation, acquire the longevity necessary for autocatalytic replication of amphiphiles, their mutation, and the selection of those amphiphilic assemblies that provide the greatest membrane stability. These two sets of adaptive compositional information (heavy content and amphiphilic assemblies design) generate a population of liposomes with self-replication/reproduction properties, which are amendable to mutation, inheritance, and selection, thereby establishing Darwinian progression. Temporary and spatial expansion of this liposomal population will provide the basis for the next evolutionary step-a transition of accidentally entrapped RNA precursor molecules into complex functional molecules, such as ribozymes/RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Subbotin
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Gennady Fiksel
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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4
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Salman M, Lee SH, Jeshycka S, Lee JS, Lee HW, Lee HJ. Voltammetric Study of Lomefloxacin Transfer at the Interface between Two Immiscible Electrolyte Solutions: Ionic Partition, Photodegradation, and Sensing Applications. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sang Hyuk Lee
- Kyungpook National University Chemistry KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | | | - Ji Soo Lee
- Kyungpook National University Chemistry KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Hye Won Lee
- Kyungpook National University Chemistry KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Hye Jin Lee
- Kyungpook National University Chemistry 1370 Snakyuk-dongdaehak, Bukgu 702-701 Daegu KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
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5
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Delma KL, Lechanteur A, Evrard B, Semdé R, Piel G. Sterilization methods of liposomes: Drawbacks of conventional methods and perspectives. Int J Pharm 2021; 597:120271. [PMID: 33548365 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes are targeted drug delivery systems that are of great pharmaceutical and therapeutic interest. Parenteral route is the main way used for liposome administration. In this case, their sterility is a requirement. However, due to the particular sensitivity of liposomes and their tendency to physicochemical alterations, their sterilization remains a real challenge. Conventional sterilization methods such as heat, ethylene oxide, ultraviolet and gamma irradiations are considered as unsuitable for liposome sterilization and the recommended methods for obtaining sterility of liposomes are filtration and aseptic manufacturing. Unfortunately, these recommended methods are not without limitations. This review outlines the difficulties associated with the use of these different classical methods for obtaining liposome sterility. The effects on liposome physicochemical and biopharmaceutical characteristics as well as efficacy, toxicity and practical problems of these sterilization techniques have been discussed. The search for an alternative method being therefore necessary, the applicability of supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2) technology, which is nowadays a promising strategy for the sterilization of sensitive products such as liposomes, is also examined. It appears from this analysis that ScCO2 could effectively be an interesting alternative to achieve sterility of liposomes, but for this, sterilization assays including challenge tests and optimization studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouka Luc Delma
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Nanomedicine Developments, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Drug Development, Doctoral School of Sciences and Health, University Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Anna Lechanteur
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Nanomedicine Developments, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Brigitte Evrard
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Nanomedicine Developments, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Rasmané Semdé
- Laboratory of Drug Development, Doctoral School of Sciences and Health, University Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Géraldine Piel
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Nanomedicine Developments, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
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6
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Lomefloxacin—Occurrence in the German River Erft, Its Photo-Induced Elimination, and Assessment of Ecotoxicity. CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cleantechnol2010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals in waters represent a worldwide problem of today. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are being researched for elimination of the ecological hazard. Among the substances, the fluoroquinolone antibiotic lomefloxacin was selected for investigation in this study. Lomefloxacin (LOM) was found in the German river Erft. Near and far ultraviolet (UVA, UVC) radiation were used as AOPs and compared for efficiency depending on pH, water matrix, and catalysts. Chemical kinetics description revealed that UVC at pH 8–9 led to the fastest degradation of LOM. The catalysts hydrogen peroxide and titanium dioxide had only limited influence on the degradation rate. Seven novel transformation products were structurally identified by high-resolution higher-order mass spectrometry. Ecotoxicity of the novel and known compounds was assessed by quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis. In addition, irradiation time dependent minimal, and half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (MIC, IC50) of LOM solutions were determined and suggested as ecotoxicological hazard indicators. From MIC and kinetic rate constants, the irradiation time required for compound and activity removal could be predicted.
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7
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Enhanced activation of persulfate by AC@CoFe2O4 nanocomposites for effective removal of lomefloxacin. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.115978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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8
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Fraix A, Afonso D, Consoli GML, Sortino S. A calix[4]arene-based ternary supramolecular nanoassembly with improved fluoroquinolone photostability and enhanced NO photorelease. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:2216-2224. [PMID: 30855613 DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00011a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Micellar-like nanoassemblies of a sulfonate amphiphilic calix[4]arene (1) are able to effectively co-entrap the fluoroquinolone antibacterial norfloxacin (2) and a hydrophobic nitric oxide (NO) photodonor (3), leading to a ternary supramolecular complex having a diameter of ca. 150 nm and a zeta potential of -48 mV. Outstanding photochemical stabilization of the otherwise photolabile fluoroquinolone 2 is observed under UVA excitation. Besides, visible light excitation leads to a remarkable enhancement of the NO photorelease efficiency of 3. Both the results can be explained on the basis of a "cage effect" of the micellar host that, in the case of 2, hinders the formation of the precursor complex responsible for the photodegradation, whereas in the case of 3 it provides a low polarity environment and easily abstractable hydrogens, which facilitate the radical-mediated mechanism involved in NO photorelease. Therefore, this supramolecular ternary nanoassembly simultaneously overcomes the main limitations of the free individual guests such as photolability and low photoreactivity. In view of the well-known antibacterial properties of the NO radical and the biocompatibility of the calixarene host, this nanoassembly represents a suitable bimodal system to be tested in antibacterial research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Fraix
- Laboratory of Photochemistry, Department of Drug Science, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.
| | - Damien Afonso
- Laboratory of Photochemistry, Department of Drug Science, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.
| | - Grazia M L Consoli
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, C.N.R., Via P. Gaifami, 18, I-95126, Catania, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Sortino
- Laboratory of Photochemistry, Department of Drug Science, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.
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9
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Zgadzaj A, Giebułtowicz J, Gubernator J, Podbielska M, Sommer S, Zaremba-Czogalla M, Nałęcz-Jawecki G. Multi- and unilamellar liposomal encapsulation of ciprofloxacin as ways to modify its phototoxicity and photodegradation. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 129:181-189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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10
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A visible light FeS/Fe 2 S 3 /zeolite photocatalyst towards photodegradation of ciprofloxacin. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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11
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Photostabilization strategies of photosensitive drugs. Int J Pharm 2018; 541:19-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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12
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Janga KY, King T, Ji N, Sarabu S, Shadambikar G, Sawant S, Xu P, Repka MA, Murthy SN. Photostability Issues in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Photostabilization. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:48-59. [PMID: 28905241 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-017-0869-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodegradation is one of the major pathways of the degradation of drugs. Some therapeutic agents and excipients are highly sensitive to light and undergo significant degradation, challenging the quality and the stability of the final product. The adequate knowledge of photodegradation mechanisms and kinetics of photosensitive therapeutic entities or excipients is a pivotal aspect in the product development phase. Hence, various pharmaceutical regulatory agencies, across the world, mandated the industries to assess the photodegradation of pharmaceutical products from manufacturing stage till storage, as per the guidelines given in the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH). Recently, numerous formulation and/or manufacturing strategies has been investigated for preventing the photodegradation and enhancing the photostability of photolabile components in the pharmaceutical dosage forms. The primary focus of this review is to discuss various photodegradation mechanisms, rate kinetics, and the factors that influence the rate of photodegradation. We also discuss light-induced degradation of photosensitive lipids and polymers. We conclude with a brief note on different approaches to improve the photostability of photosensitive products.
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13
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Zgadzaj A, Kornacka J, Jastrzębska A, Parzonko A, Sommer S, Nałęcz-Jawecki G. Development of photoprotective, antiphototoxic, and antiphotogenotoxic formulations of ocular drugs with fluoroquinolones. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 178:201-210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Ioele G, De Luca M, Garofalo A, Ragno G. Photosensitive drugs: a review on their photoprotection by liposomes and cyclodextrins. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:33-44. [PMID: 29069944 PMCID: PMC8812581 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1386733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Ioele
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Michele De Luca
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Antonio Garofalo
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Gaetano Ragno
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
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15
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Abstract
Lomefloxacin is a second-generation difluorinated broad-spectrum quinolone antibiotic. It is used for the treatment of bronchitis, urinary tract infection, conjunctivitis, otitis externa, and otitis media. A comprehensive profile was performed on lomefloxacin including nomenclature, formulae, elemental composition appearance, and physical characteristics. Spectral methods including ultraviolet spectrum, vibrational spectrum, 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance one- and two-dimensional spectra, and mass spectrum were used for both identification and analysis of the drug. The profile also contains the reported methods of analysis such as voltammetric, polarographic, spectrophotometric, fluorimetric, chromatographic, capillary electrophoresis, and immunoassay methods. In addition, the uses, pharmacokinetics, and chemical synthesis of lomefloxacin are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem I Al-Wabli
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Vasquez MI, Tarapoulouzi M, Lambrianides N, Hapeshi E, Felekkis K, Saile M, Sticht C, Gretz N, Fatta-Kassinos D. Assessing the potential of pharmaceuticals and their transformation products to cause mutagenic effects: Implications for gene expression profiling. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2016; 35:2753-2764. [PMID: 27043355 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The selection and prioritization of pharmaceuticals and their transformation products for evaluating effects on the environment and human health is a challenging task. One common approach is based on compounds (e.g., mixture composition, concentrations), and another on biology (e.g., relevant endpoint, biological organizational level). Both of these approaches often resemble a Lernaean Hydra-they can create more questions than answers. The present study embraces this complexity, providing an integrated approach toward assessing the potential effects of transformation products of pharmaceuticals by means of mutagenicity, estrogenicity, and differences in the gene expression profiles. Mutagenicity using the tk kinase assay was applied to assess a list of 11 priority pharmaceuticals, namely, atenolol, azithromycin, carbamazepine, diclofenac, ibuprofen, erythromycin, metoprolol, ofloxacin, propranolol, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim. The most mutagenic compounds were found to be β-blockers. In parallel, the photolabile pharmaceuticals were assessed for their mixture effects on mutagenicity (tk assay), estrogenicity (T47D- KBluc assay), and gene expression (microarrays). Interestingly, the mixtures were mutagenic at the µg/L level, indicating a synergistic effect. None of the photolysed mixtures were statistically significantly estrogenic. Gene expression profiling revealed effects related mainly to certain pathways, those of the p53 gene, mitogen-activated protein kinase, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, and translation-related (spliceosome). Fourteen phototransformation products are proposed based on the m/z values found through ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. The transformation routes of the photolysed mixtures indicate a strong similarity with those obtained for each pharmaceutical separately. This finding reinforces the view that transformation products are to be expected in naturally occurring mixtures. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2753-2764. © 2016 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlen I Vasquez
- Nireas-International Water Research Center, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Maria Tarapoulouzi
- Nireas-International Water Research Center, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Nancy Lambrianides
- Nireas-International Water Research Center, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
- The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Evroula Hapeshi
- Nireas-International Water Research Center, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Kyriakos Felekkis
- Department of Life & Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Maria Saile
- Medical Research Center, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Carsten Sticht
- Medical Research Center, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Norbert Gretz
- Medical Research Center, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Despo Fatta-Kassinos
- Nireas-International Water Research Center, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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17
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Formulation and stabilization of norfloxacin in liposomal preparations. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 91:208-15. [PMID: 27224669 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A number of liposomal preparations of norfloxacin (NF) containing variable concentrations of phosphatidylcholine (PC) (10.8-16.2mM) have been formulated and an entrapment of NF to the extent of 41.7-56.2% was achieved. The values of apparent first-order rate constants (kobs) for the photodegradation of NF in liposomes (pH7.4) lie in the range of 1.05-2.40×10(-3)min(-1) compared to a value of 8.13×10(-3)min(-1) for the photodegradation of NF in aqueous solution (pH7.4). The values of kobs are a linear function of PC concentration indicating an interaction of PC and NF during the reaction. The second-order rate constant for the photochemical interaction of PC and NF has been determined as 8.92×10(-2)M(-1)min(-1). Fluorescence measurements on NF in liposomes indicate a decrease in fluorescence with an increase in PC concentration as a result of formation of NF(-) species which exhibits poor fluorescence. Dynamic light scattering has shown an increase in the size of NF encapsulated liposomes with an increase in PC concentration. The stabilization of NF in liposomes is achieved by the formation of a charge-transfer complex between NF and PC.
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18
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Tamizi E, Yang Y, Jouyban A, Kelso GF, Boysen RI, Hearn MT. A capillary electrophoretic–mass spectrometric method for the assessment of octreotide stability under stress conditions. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1429:354-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Ahmad I, Arsalan A, Ali SA, Sheraz MA, Ahmed S, Anwar Z, Munir I, Shah MR. Formulation and stabilization of riboflavin in liposomal preparations. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 153:358-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Ahmad I, Bano R, Musharraf SG, Ahmed S, Sheraz MA, ul Arfeen Q, Bhatti MS, Shad Z. Photodegradation of moxifloxacin in aqueous and organic solvents: a kinetic study. AAPS PharmSciTech 2014; 15:1588-97. [PMID: 25139764 PMCID: PMC4245426 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-014-0184-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The kinetics of photodegradation of moxifloxacin (MF) in aqueous solution (pH 2.0-12.0), and organic solvents has been studied. MF photodegradation is a specific acid-base catalyzed reaction and follows first-order kinetics. The apparent first-order rate constants (kobs) for the photodegradation of MF range from 0.69 × 10(-4) (pH 7.5) to 19.50 × 10(-4) min(-1) (pH 12.0), and in organic solvents from 1.24 × 10(-4) (1-butanol) to 2.04 × 10(-4) min(-1) (acetonitrile). The second-order rate constant (k2) for the [H(+)]-catalyzed and [OH(-)]-catalyzed reactions are 6.61 × 10(-2) and 19.20 × 10(-2) M(-1) min(-1), respectively. This indicates that the specific base-catalyzed reaction is about three-fold faster than that of the specific acid-catalyzed reaction probably as a result of the rapid cleavage of diazabicyclononane side chain in the molecule. The kobs-pH profile for the degradation reactions is a V-shaped curve indicating specific acid-base catalysis. The minimum rate of photodegradation at pH 7-8 is due to the presence of zwitterionic species. There is a linear relation between kobs and the dielectric constant and an inverse relation between kobs and the viscosity of the solvent. Some photodegraded products of MF have been identified and pathways proposed for their formation in acid and alkaline solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqbal Ahmad
- />Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Toll Plaza, Super highway, Gadap Road, Karachi, 74600 Pakistan
| | - Raheela Bano
- />Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Toll Plaza, Super highway, Gadap Road, Karachi, 74600 Pakistan
| | - Syed Ghulam Musharraf
- />H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270 Pakistan
| | - Sofia Ahmed
- />Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Toll Plaza, Super highway, Gadap Road, Karachi, 74600 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali Sheraz
- />Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Toll Plaza, Super highway, Gadap Road, Karachi, 74600 Pakistan
| | - Qamar ul Arfeen
- />H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Salman Bhatti
- />H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270 Pakistan
| | - Zufi Shad
- />Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Toll Plaza, Super highway, Gadap Road, Karachi, 74600 Pakistan
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Vasquez MI, Garcia-Käufer M, Hapeshi E, Menz J, Kostarelos K, Fatta-Kassinos D, Kümmerer K. Chronic ecotoxic effects to Pseudomonas putida and Vibrio fischeri, and cytostatic and genotoxic effects to the hepatoma cell line (HepG2) of ofloxacin photo(cata)lytically treated solutions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 450-451:356-365. [PMID: 22743217 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.05.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Ofloxacin (OFL), a broad-spectrum and widespread-used photolabile fluoroquinolone, is frequently found in treated wastewaters, aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems leading to increasing concern during the past decades regarding its effects to the environment and human health. The elimination of OFL and other xenobiotics by the application of advanced oxidation processes using photolytic (PL) and photocatalytic (PC) treatments seems promising. However, an integrated assessment scheme is needed, in which, not only the removal of the parent compound, but also the effects of the photo-transformation products (PTPs) are investigated. For this purpose, in the present study, a chronic ecotoxic assessment using representative bacteria of marine and terrestrial ecosystems and a cytostatic and genotoxic evaluation using hepatoma cell line were performed. PL and PC treatments of OFL were applied using UV radiation. The photo-transformation of OFL during the treatments was monitored by DOC measurements and UPLC-MS/MS analysis. The chronic ecotoxicity of OFL and treated samples was evaluated using Pseudomonas putida and Vibrio fischeri; whereas the cytostasis and genotoxicity were estimated by the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay (CBMN). The main results suggest that photo-transformation of OFL took place during these treatments since the concentration of OFL decreased when the irradiation time increased, as quantified by UPLC-MS/MS analysis, and this was not coupled with an analogous DOC removal. Furthermore, nine compounds were identified as probable PTPs formed through piperazinyl dealkylation and decarboxylation. The ecotoxicity of treated solutions to the bacteria studied decreased while the cytostasis to the hepatoma cell line remained at low levels during both treatments. However, the genotoxicity to the hepatoma cell line demonstrated a different pattern in which treated samples induced a greater number of MNi for the 4-16 min of irradiation (p<0.05) during both treatments. After 64 min of irradiation, the effects decreased to non genotoxic levels (p<0.05). These findings suggest that UV radiation for various treatment processes (catalytic or not), such as disinfection, may create genotoxic by-products. Therefore, in relevant technical applications, the residence time during treatment should receive special attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Vasquez
- University of Cyprus, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Cyprus, 75 Kallipoleos Street, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
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22
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Liposomes as sterile preparations and limitations of sterilisation techniques in liposomal manufacturing. Asian J Pharm Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2013.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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23
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de Guidi G, Bracchitta G, Catalfo A. Photosensitization Reactions of Fluoroquinolones and Their Biological Consequences. Photochem Photobiol 2011; 87:1214-29. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2011.00978.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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24
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Zhang P, Li H, Liu Y, Yao S, Wang W. Photochemical Properties and Reactions with Biomolecules of 4'-N-Acetyl Derivative of Norfloxacin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1524/zpch.2011.0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The photochemical properties of 4'-N-acetyl derivative of norfloxacin (ANFX) were investigated in different solutions. Both UV-Vis absorption and the quantum yields of excited states are pH-dependent, and pK
a value of ground state for the protonation of 3-carboxylic group was determined to be 6.5 ± 0.2. Pulse radiolysis and laser flash photolysis experiments were carried out to characterize transient species of ANFX and to investigate reactions with tryptophan (TrpH) and 2'-seoxyguanosine-5'-monophosphoric acid disodium salt (dGMP). The ANFX undergoes the photoejection of electron by a mixed mechanism of one-photon and two-photon processes. Under moderate laser energy conditions, two-photon process is predominantly. The ANFX radical dianion (ANFX(–H)·2−) formed in reaction with eaq
− is characterized by the absorption around 370 nm, and the rate constant was determined to be 1.2 × 1010 dm3 mol−1 s−1. The 3ANFX(–H)−∗ is able to oxidize TrpH and dGMP with bimolecular rate constants of 5.4 × 108 and 9.5 × 106 dm3 mol−1 s−1, respectively. The ANFX(–H)·2− and the oxidized radicals of TrpH and dGMP were observed directly. Under aerobic conditions, the photo-oxidations involve both type I and type II mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Shanghai 201800, Volksrepublik China
| | - Haixia Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Shanghai 201800, Volksrepublik China
| | - Yancheng Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Shanghai 201800, Volksrepublik China
| | - Side Yao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Shanghai 201800, Volksrepublik China
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Polishchuk AV, Karaseva ET, Emelina TB, Cramariuc O, Karasev VE. Spectral-Luminescent Properties and Molecular Orbital Treatment of Some Mono- and Difluoroquinolones. J Fluoresc 2011; 21:1293-300. [PMID: 21229296 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-010-0812-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2010] [Accepted: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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An integrated method for degradation products detection and characterization using hybrid ion trap/time-of-flight mass spectrometry and data processing techniques: Application to study of the degradation products of danofloxacin under stressed conditions. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 399:2475-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4629-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Revised: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 12/17/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ge L, Chen J, Wei X, Zhang S, Qiao X, Cai X, Xie Q. Aquatic photochemistry of fluoroquinolone antibiotics: kinetics, pathways, and multivariate effects of main water constituents. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2010; 44:2400-5. [PMID: 20205456 DOI: 10.1021/es902852v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquity of fluoroquinolone antibiotics (FQs) in surface waters urges insights into their fate in the aqueous euphotic zone. In this study, eight FQs (ciprofloxacin, danofloxacin, levofloxacin, sarafloxacin, difloxacin, enrofloxacin, gatifloxacin, and balofloxacin) were exposed to simulated sunlight, and their photodegradation was observed to follow apparent first-order kinetics. Based on the determined photolytic quantum yields, solar photodegradation half-lives for the FQs in pure water and at 45 degrees N latitude were calculated to range from 1.25 min for enrofloxacin to 58.0 min for balofloxacin, suggesting that FQs would intrinsically photodegrade fast in sunlit surface waters. However, we found freshwater and seawater constituents inhibited their photodegradation. The inhibition was further explored by a central composite design using sarafloxacin and gatifloxacin as representatives. Humic acids (HA), Fe(III), NO(3)(-), and HA-Cl(-) interaction inhibited the photodegradation, as they mainly acted as radiation filters and/or scavengers for reactive oxygen species. The photodegradation product identification and ROS scavenging experiments indicated that the FQs underwent both direct photolysis and self-sensitized photo-oxidation via *OH and (1)O(2). Piperazinyl N(4)-dealkylation was primary for N(4)-alkylated FQs, whereas decarboxylation and defluorination were comparatively important for the other FQs. These results are of importance toward the goal of assessing the persistence of FQs in surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linke Ge
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, P. R. China
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Prabhakaran D, Sukul P, Lamshöft M, Maheswari MA, Zühlke S, Spiteller M. Photolysis of difloxacin and sarafloxacin in aqueous systems. CHEMOSPHERE 2009; 77:739-46. [PMID: 19751946 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Revised: 08/18/2009] [Accepted: 08/18/2009] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The photodegradation of two fluoroquinolone veterinary antibiotics, difloxacin (DIF) and sarafloxacin (SARA) has been explored for the first time in aqueous systems. The study was performed to evaluate the influence of pH, inorganics, humic substances, and other additives. The drugs followed first-order degradation kinetics in matrix free aqueous medium with a rate constant 'k' value of 0.82 and 0.26 h(-1) for DIF and SARA, respectively. Studies performed at various pH revealed that the photolysis rates dropped sharply at pH >7 for DIF, while SARA dissipated faster with increasing pH. Humic substances acted as light barriers by attenuating the light intensity, to retard the drug degradation process. However, rapid drug dissipation was observed in the presence of additives like acetone, hydrogen peroxide, and phosphates, while inorganics such as fluoride, nitrate, and sulfate did not influence the drug photodegradation. Studies on the photolysis of DIF and SARA in river water revealed that both the drugs degraded rapidly under conditions that were relevant to natural systems, following direct photolysis mechanism. It was observed that SARA was the primary photoproduct of DIF and showed relatively a higher persistence than DIF. The findings were also substantiated by the quantum yield (Phi(c)) calculations. The analytical measurements were carried out with LC-MS/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deivasigamani Prabhakaran
- Institute of Environmental Research (INFU), Dortmund University of Technology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, D44221 Dortmund, Germany
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