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Ultrasonic Preparation of PN for the Photodegradation of 17β-Estradiol in Water and Biotoxicity Assessment of 17β-Estradiol after Degradation. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13020332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study prepares a novel phosphorene (PN) and loads it onto TiO2 to fabricate PN-TiO2 and effectively photodegrade the hydrophobic environmental hormone 17β-estradiol in aqueous solutions. The effect of the PN on degradation efficiency is systematically investigated. It is observed that the doping of TiO2 with PN significantly enhances its photocatalytic and adsorption properties compared with that in the absence of PN; that is, the addition improves the adsorption capability of the composite. The optimal PN weight content is found to be 0.5%. The performance of the PN-TiO2 photocatalyst in degrading E2 is around 67.5%. However, its photodegradation efficiency gradually decreases when the PN content is further increased. This optimal PN content directly suggests synergistic interactions affecting the photodegrading efficiency. Compared with other PN-based photocatalysts mentioned in the literature, this PN-based material possesses striking advantages, such as higher energy efficiency, greater removal capacity, and superior cost-effectiveness. Further, the decrease in the biotoxicity of the water after treatment is evident in observing the development of zebrafish embryos. The studies of the catalyst performed on the zebrafish show that it results in a higher mortality rate at 96 h with a superior hatching rate and healthy fish development. In summary, the prepared PN-based materials exhibited promising photocatalytic capabilities for the removal and biotoxicity reduction of 17β-estradiol in aqueous solutions.
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2
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dela Rosa FM, Popović M, Papac Zjačić J, Radić G, Kraljić Roković M, Kovačić M, Farré MJ, Genorio B, Lavrenčič Štangar U, Kušić H, Lončarić Božić A, Petrović M. Visible-Light Activation of Persulfate or H 2O 2 by Fe 2O 3/TiO 2 Immobilized on Glass Support for Photocatalytic Removal of Amoxicillin: Mechanism, Transformation Products, and Toxicity Assessment. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4328. [PMID: 36500951 PMCID: PMC9738309 DOI: 10.3390/nano12234328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fe2O3/TiO2 nanocomposites were fabricated via a facile impregnation/calcination technique employing different amounts iron (III) nitrate onto commercial TiO2 (P25 Aeroxide). The as-prepared Fe2O3/TiO2 nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy (RS), scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDXS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis (BET), electron impedance spectroscopy (EIS), photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). As a result, 5% (w/w) Fe2O3/TiO2 achieved the highest photocatalytic activity in the slurry system and was successfully immobilized on glass support. Photocatalytic activity under visible-light irradiation was assessed by treating pharmaceutical amoxicillin (AMX) in the presence and absence of additional oxidants: hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and persulfate salts (PS). The influence of pH and PS concentration on AMX conversion rate was established by means of statistical planning and response surface modeling. Results revealed optimum conditions of [S2O82-] = 1.873 mM and pH = 4.808; these were also utilized in presence of H2O2 instead of PS in long-term tests. The fastest AMX conversion possessing a zero-order rate constant of 1.51 × 10-7 M·min-1 was achieved with the photocatalysis + PS system. The AMX conversion pathway was established, and the evolution/conversion of formed intermediates was correlated with the changes in toxicity toward Vibrio fischeri. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging was also utilized to investigate the AMX conversion mechanism, revealing the major contribution of photogenerated h+ in all processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis M. dela Rosa
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C/Emili Grahit, 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, 17071 Girona, Spain
| | - Marin Popović
- Department of Safety and Protection, Karlovac University of Applied Sciences, Trg J.J. Strossmayera 9, 47000 Karlovac, Croatia
| | - Josipa Papac Zjačić
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gabrijela Radić
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marijana Kraljić Roković
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marin Kovačić
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - María José Farré
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C/Emili Grahit, 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Boštjan Genorio
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Vecna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Urška Lavrenčič Štangar
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Vecna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Hrvoje Kušić
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Lončarić Božić
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mira Petrović
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C/Emili Grahit, 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluis Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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Camacho-López C, Romo-Gómez C, Otazo-Sánchez EM, Acevedo-Sandoval OA, García-Nieto E, Juárez-Santacruz L. Biotransformation of 17β-Estradiol through a Denitrifying Sludge. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13326. [PMID: 36293905 PMCID: PMC9602675 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
17β-estradiol (E2) is the natural estrogen with the most significant potential for endocrine disruption in the biota of aquatic ecosystems at trace concentrations. It is, therefore, essential to study treatments for water polluted with E2 that would guarantee its complete elimination and mineralization. Denitrification is a biological process shown to have the capacity to completely biodegrade drugs, such as ampicillin. This work is aimed to evaluate the biotransformation of 17β-estradiol by employing a denitrifying sludge. The assays performed were: (I) abiotic with 3.5 mg E2-C L-1 and (II) denitrifying with 10 mg CH3COO--C L-1 as the reference, 10 mg E2-C L-1 as the sole electron donor, and a mixture of (mg L-1) 10 E2-C with 10 CH3COO--C at C N-1 of 1.1. The E2-C and NO3--N consumption efficiencies were greater than 99%, and HCO3--C and N2 production yields were close to 1 in all assays. The denitrifying sludge could biodegrade up to 10 mg E2-C L-1 as the sole electron donor and when mixed with 10 mg CH3COO--C L-1. No intermediate metabolites were generated from the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Camacho-López
- Área Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Mineral de la Reforma 42184, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Claudia Romo-Gómez
- Área Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Mineral de la Reforma 42184, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Elena María Otazo-Sánchez
- Área Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Mineral de la Reforma 42184, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | | | - Edelmira García-Nieto
- Centro de Investigación en Genética y Ambiente, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala de Xicohténcatl 90000, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Libertad Juárez-Santacruz
- Centro de Investigación en Genética y Ambiente, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala de Xicohténcatl 90000, Tlaxcala, Mexico
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Recent Advances in Endocrine Disrupting Compounds Degradation through Metal Oxide-Based Nanomaterials. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12030289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocrine Disrupting Compounds (EDCs) comprise a class of natural or synthetic molecules and groups of substances which are considered as emerging contaminants due to their toxicity and danger for the ecosystems, including human health. Nowadays, the presence of EDCs in water and wastewater has become a global problem, which is challenging the scientific community to address the development and application of effective strategies for their removal from the environment. Particularly, catalytic and photocatalytic degradation processes employing nanostructured materials based on metal oxides, mainly acting through the generation of reactive oxygen species, are widely explored to eradicate EDCs from water. In this review, we report the recent advances described by the major publications in recent years and focused on the degradation processes of several classes of EDCs, such as plastic components and additives, agricultural chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products, which were realized by using novel metal oxide-based nanomaterials. A variety of doped, hybrid, composite and heterostructured semiconductors were reported, whose performances are influenced by their chemical, structural as well as morphological features. Along with photocatalysis, alternative heterogeneous advanced oxidation processes are in development, and their combination may be a promising way toward industrial scale application.
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5
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Zeolite-assisted radiolysis of aromatic chlorides mitigating influence of coexisting ions in water matrix. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Menon NG, George L, Tatiparti SSV, Mukherji S. Efficacy and reusability of mixed-phase TiO 2-ZnO nanocomposites for the removal of estrogenic effects of 17β-Estradiol and 17α-Ethinylestradiol from water. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 288:112340. [PMID: 33823437 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic removal of estrogenic compounds (ECs), 17β-estradiol (E2), and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) were assessed using a TiO2-ZnO nanocomposite (NC) over a range of initial EC concentration (Co; 10 mg/L - 0.05 mg/L). Photocatalytic removal was evaluated under UV and visible irradiation using 10 mg/L NC over 240 min duration. After 240 min, analysis using GCxGC TOF MS revealed 100% transformation at Co ≤ 1 mg/L and ≥25% transformation at Co ≤ 10 mg/L under visible irradiation. Degradation was accompanied by breakdown of the fused ring structure of E2, generating smaller molecular weight by-products which were subsequently mineralized as revealed through TOC removal. With UV photocatalysis, ~30% and ~20% mineralization was attained for E2 and EE2, respectively, for Co of 10 mg/L. Under visible irradiation, ~25% and ~10% mineralization was achieved for E2 and EE2, respectively. Estrogenicity variation was estimated using the E-screen assay conducted with estrogen receptor-positive MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Complete removal of estrogenicity of ECs was confirmed after 240 min of photocatalysis under UV and visible irradiation. FTIR spectroscopy-based analysis of the NC after E2 photocatalysis revealed the presence of sorbed organics. Desorption, followed by GC × GC TOF-MS analysis revealed these organics as by-products of photocatalysis. Desorption of sorbed organics followed by recalcination at 600 °C for 1 h regenerated the active sites on the NC, enabling its efficient reuse for 3 cycles under visible irradiation without loss in activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Gayathri Menon
- Centre for Research in Nanotechnology and Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Liya George
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Sankara Sarma V Tatiparti
- Centre for Research in Nanotechnology and Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India; Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Suparna Mukherji
- Centre for Research in Nanotechnology and Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India; Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India.
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7
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Mafra G, Brognoli R, Carasek E, López-Lorente ÁI, Luque R, Lucena R, Cárdenas S. Photocatalytic Cellulose-Paper: Deepening in the Sustainable and Synergic Combination of Sorption and Photodegradation. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:9577-9586. [PMID: 33869938 PMCID: PMC8047745 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Clean water is one of the sustainable development goals set by the United Nations for 2030. The development of effective but worldwide affordable strategies is essential to guarantee this achievement. Photocatalysis technology fulfills these criteria whenever the photocatalyst is sustainable and nontoxic. In this article, a cellulose-paper modified with a polyamide-titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanocomposite by dip-coating is evaluated to degrade estrogens efficiently under solar light. The study deepens on the synergic combination of the sorptive capacity of the polyamide and the activity of TiO2. The photocatalytic performance was studied under artificial and sunlight in a miniaturized experimental setup (batch of six reactors). Also, the effects of the dispersed/immobilized catalyst, irradiation time, and adsorption evaluation were studied under kinetic conditions. The photocatalyst composition, considering the polyamide (nylon-6) and TiO2 amounts and the dipping cycles, was studied by a response surface methodology, and the reusability of the photocatalytic cellulose-paper was investigated. The LED source provided removal efficiencies of 65, 62, and 52% (for estrone, 17β-estradiol, and estriol, respectively) after 420 min of light exposure. Under sunlight, the efficiency increased up to 99.5% for estrone and 17β-estradiol and 98.5% for estriol after 180 min of irradiation. The sustainable character of the cellulosic substrate, the low toxicity of the nanocomposite ingredients, and its performance under sunlight make the material attractive for in-field application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Mafra
- Departamento
de Química Analítica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación
en Química Fina y Nanoquímica (IUNAN), Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie
Curie, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain
- Departamento
de Química, Universidade Federal
de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Rafael Brognoli
- Departamento
de Química, Universidade Federal
de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Carasek
- Departamento
de Química, Universidade Federal
de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Ángela I. López-Lorente
- Departamento
de Química Analítica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación
en Química Fina y Nanoquímica (IUNAN), Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie
Curie, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rafael Luque
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación
en Química Fina y Nanoquímica (IUNAN), Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie
Curie, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rafael Lucena
- Departamento
de Química Analítica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación
en Química Fina y Nanoquímica (IUNAN), Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie
Curie, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain
- . Phone: +34 957218616
| | - Soledad Cárdenas
- Departamento
de Química Analítica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación
en Química Fina y Nanoquímica (IUNAN), Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie
Curie, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain
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8
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Yang Y, Zhang Y, Gou C, Wu W, Wang H, Zeng Q. Solar photocatalytic degradation of thidiazuron in Yangtze River water matrix by Ag/AgCl-AC at circumneutral condition. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:40857-40869. [PMID: 32677010 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09946-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
It is well-known that the degradation of pollutants in real water environment is not only challenging but also has practical value. This paper focuses on the photocatalytic degradation of thidiazuron (TDZ), a popular defoliant, using Ag/AgCl-AC (Ag@AC 2:1); AC stands for activated carbon) in a matrix of Yangtze River water under sunlight irradiation. The prepared composite catalyst exhibits excellent performance in TDZ degradation under near neutral condition, the degradation rate reaches 94% in 200 min under solar irradiation. The common inorganic anions (SO42-, Cl-, and HCO3-) and cations (Ca2+, Cu2+, and Mg2+) show inhibitory effect of different degrees on TDZ degradation. Humic substances such as humic acid and fulvic acid also have an effect on the photocatalytic degradation of TDZ. With the increase of humic acid concentration, there is enhancement of inhibitory effect. As for fulvic acid, its effect is complex due to competitive adsorption and photoinduction action. The degradation products as identified by UHPLC-MS are mainly CO2, SO2, and H2O, indicating that the degradation was thorough. The reusability test of four runs reveals that the performance of the photocatalytic system is stable. The results demonstrate that sunlight can be well utilized for the photocatalytic degradation of TDZ. The study offers a cheap and effective approach for the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in circumneutral water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisi Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, 438000, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, 438000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, 438000, People's Republic of China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, 438000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Changsong Gou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, 438000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjian Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, 438000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, 438000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingru Zeng
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China.
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Katančić Z, Chen WT, Waterhouse GI, Kušić H, Lončarić Božić A, Hrnjak-Murgić Z, Travas-Sejdic J. Solar-active photocatalysts based on TiO2 and conductive polymer PEDOT for the removal of bisphenol A. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Perović K, dela Rosa FM, Kovačić M, Kušić H, Štangar UL, Fresno F, Dionysiou DD, Loncaric Bozic A. Recent Achievements in Development of TiO 2-Based Composite Photocatalytic Materials for Solar Driven Water Purification and Water Splitting. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E1338. [PMID: 32183457 PMCID: PMC7142427 DOI: 10.3390/ma13061338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Clean water and the increased use of renewable energy are considered to be two of the main goals in the effort to achieve a sustainable living environment. The fulfillment of these goals may include the use of solar-driven photocatalytic processes that are found to be quite effective in water purification, as well as hydrogen generation. H2 production by water splitting and photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in water both rely on the formation of electron/hole (e-/h+) pairs at a semiconducting material upon its excitation by light with sufficient photon energy. Most of the photocatalytic studies involve the use of TiO2 and well-suited model compounds, either as sacrificial agents or pollutants. However, the wider application of this technology requires the harvesting of a broader spectrum of solar irradiation and the suppression of the recombination of photogenerated charge carriers. These limitations can be overcome by the use of different strategies, among which the focus is put on the creation of heterojunctions with another narrow bandgap semiconductor, which can provide high response in the visible light region. In this review paper, we report the most recent advances in the application of TiO2 based heterojunction (semiconductor-semiconductor) composites for photocatalytic water treatment and water splitting. This review article is subdivided into two major parts, namely Photocatalytic water treatment and Photocatalytic water splitting, to give a thorough examination of all achieved progress. The first part provides an overview on photocatalytic degradation mechanism principles, followed by the most recent applications for photocatalytic degradation and mineralization of contaminants of emerging concern (CEC), such as pharmaceuticals and pesticides with a critical insight into removal mechanism, while the second part focuses on fabrication of TiO2-based heterojunctions with carbon-based materials, transition metal oxides, transition metal chalcogenides, and multiple composites that were made of three or more semiconductor materials for photocatalytic water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Perović
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, HR–10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.P.); (F.M.d.R.); (M.K.); (A.L.B.)
| | - Francis M. dela Rosa
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, HR–10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.P.); (F.M.d.R.); (M.K.); (A.L.B.)
| | - Marin Kovačić
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, HR–10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.P.); (F.M.d.R.); (M.K.); (A.L.B.)
| | - Hrvoje Kušić
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, HR–10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.P.); (F.M.d.R.); (M.K.); (A.L.B.)
| | - Urška Lavrenčič Štangar
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Fernando Fresno
- Photoactivated Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy, Móstoles, 28935 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Dionysios D. Dionysiou
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221–0012, USA;
| | - Ana Loncaric Bozic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, HR–10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.P.); (F.M.d.R.); (M.K.); (A.L.B.)
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11
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Kovacic M, Katic J, Kusic H, Loncaric Bozic A, Metikos Hukovic M. Elucidating the Photocatalytic Behavior of TiO₂-SnS₂ Composites Based on Their Energy Band Structure. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11061041. [PMID: 29921795 PMCID: PMC6024962 DOI: 10.3390/ma11061041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
TiO2-SnS2 composite semiconducting photocatalysts with different building component ratios were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis (TiO2-SnS2-HT) and by immobilization of commercial TiO2 and SnS2 particles (TiO2-SnS2-COMM). The band gap values, which determine the catalysts’ photoactivity, were examined by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and Kubelka–Munk transformations. The catalysts’ surface properties: specific surface area, charge and adsorption capacitance at the solid–solution interface were characterized using BET analysis, potentiometric titration and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, respectively. The electronic band structure of TiO2-SnS2 photocatalyst, as the key property for the solar-driven photocatalysis, was deduced from the thermodynamic data and the semiconducting parameters (type of semiconductivity, concentration of the charge carriers, flat band potential) obtained by Mott–Schottky analysis. The photoactivity of both composites was studied in photocatalytic treatment of diclofenac (DCF) under simulated solar irradiation and was compared to the benchmark photocatalyst (TiO2 P25) activity. The influence of process parameters, such as pH, H2O2, and composite formulation on the effectiveness of DCF removal and conversion was investigated and discussed by employing response surface modeling (RSM) approach. The photocatalytic efficiency of both composite materials was discussed on the basis of the hetereojunction formation that facilitated the photoelectron transfer, promoting more efficient photocatalytic degradation of DCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin Kovacic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
| | - Jozefina Katic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
| | - Hrvoje Kusic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
| | - Ana Loncaric Bozic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
| | - Mirjana Metikos Hukovic
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulicev trg 19, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
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