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Jayasudha P, Manivannan R, Kim W, Lim H, Patra SK, Son YA. Tailored fluorophore design: Enhancing selectivity for cyanide ion sensing in water and food samples, and innovative device development. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 314:124196. [PMID: 38555821 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
A rigid fluorophore unit of Julolidine/coumarin fused with an indolium-conjugated system was built for the immediate and effective recognition of cyanide ions in a 90 % aq. DMSO solution. The probes are capable of displaying better sensitivity/selectivity for the cyanide ion over a wide range of other interfering ions. The probe JI showed an instant colorimetric variation, whereas the modified probe JCI showed both colorimetric and fluorimetric variation with cyanide ion. The observed detection limit values indicated excellent sensitivity of the probe to the cyanide ion. HRMS and 1H NMR studies confirmed that the mechanism of detection of CN- is via the nucleophilic attack on the electron-deficient indolium moiety of the molecule. Moreover, the probes are well proficient in selective recognition of cyanide in various real time applications (test strips, electronic sensor kit, food and water sample analysis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Palanisamy Jayasudha
- Department of Advanced Organic Materials Engineering, Chungnam National University, 220 Gung-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea
| | - Ramalingam Manivannan
- Department of Advanced Organic Materials Engineering, Chungnam National University, 220 Gung-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea
| | - Wonbin Kim
- Department of Advanced Organic Materials Engineering, Chungnam National University, 220 Gung-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea
| | - Hyeongcheon Lim
- Department of Advanced Organic Materials Engineering, Chungnam National University, 220 Gung-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea
| | - Sumit Kumar Patra
- Department of Advanced Organic Materials Engineering, Chungnam National University, 220 Gung-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea
| | - Young-A Son
- Department of Advanced Organic Materials Engineering, Chungnam National University, 220 Gung-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea.
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2
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Zheng W, Wang Y, Chen F, Bai B, Wang H, Li M. Solvatochromic and Proton-Responsive characteristics of Bi-1,3,4-Oxadiazole derivatives with symmetric dimethylamino substitution. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 308:123800. [PMID: 38145583 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
D-A molecules find extensive use in intelligent stimulus-response systems due to their exceptional attributes, including high sensitivity, rapid response, wide compatibility, and structural adaptability. The strength of Intramolecular Charge Transfer (ICT) plays a pivotal role in determining the performance of these devices. To enhance the ICT strength and explore new applications for D-A molecules, we meticulously designed a pair of symmetric dimethylamino-substituted bi-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives (DMAOXD and DMAOXDBEN). These symmetric D-A-A-D molecules, with strong electron donor terminals, displayed a modest redshift of less than 25 nm in the UV-vis absorption spectra. However, there was a significant redshift in the emission spectra (140 nm for DMAOXD and 170 nm for DMAOXDBEN) when transitioning from cyclohexane to dimethyl sulfoxide, indicating a pronounced ICT characteristic. Theoretical calculations support the idea that the dimethylaminophenyl unit serves as an electron donor in both DMAOXD and DMAOXDBEN, while the 1,3,4-oxadiazole and central benzene ring act as acceptors. The pronounced ICT characteristic observed in DMAOXD and DMAOXDBEN can be attributed to long-distance electron transfer. Additionally, it's noteworthy that the emission of DMAOXD and DMAOXDBEN solution samples can be quenched by adding trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and restored by the addition of triethylamine (TEA). Inspired by this, a pattern created with ink samples containing DMAOXD and DMAOXDBEN can be concealed through fumigation with TFA and subsequently revealed by treating them with TEA, suggesting their potential use in data encryption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials (MOE), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials (MOE), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Fangyi Chen
- Chongqing College of Electronic Engineering, No.76 University Town East Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Binglian Bai
- College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials (MOE), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials (MOE), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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3
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Satheeshkumar K, Saravanakumar P, Kalavathi A, Vennila KN, Elango KP. Spectroscopic and TD-DFT studies on the chromo-fluorogenic detection of cyanide ions in organic and aquo-organic media. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 302:123054. [PMID: 37364411 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
A new naked-eye chromogenic and fluorogenic probe KS5 has been developed for the detection of CN- ions in neat DMSO and H2O:DMSO (1:1 v/v) media. The probe KS5 exhibited selectivity towards CN- and F- ions in organic and high selectivity towards CN- ions in aquo-organic media resulting in a colour change from brown to colourless and a turn-on fluorescence response. The probe could able to detect CN- ions via a deprotonation process, which was conceived by consecutive addition of hydroxide and hydrogen ions and confirmed using 1H NMR studies. The limit of detection (LOD) of KS5 towards CN- ions were in the range of 0.07-0.62 µM in both these solvent systems. Suppression of intra-molecular charge transfer (ICT) transition and photoinduced electron transfer (PET) process of KS5 by the added CN- ions are responsible for the chromogenic and fluorogenic changes observed, respectively. Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) calculations strongly supported the proposed mechanism along with the optical properties of the probe before and after the addition of CN- ions. To prove the practical applicability, KS5 was successfully utilized to detect CN- ions in cassava powder and bitter almonds as well as to determine CN- ions in various real water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Satheeshkumar
- Department of Chemistry, Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram 624302, India
| | - P Saravanakumar
- Department of Chemistry, Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram 624302, India
| | - A Kalavathi
- Department of Chemistry, Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram 624302, India
| | - K N Vennila
- Department of Chemistry, Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram 624302, India
| | - Kuppanagounder P Elango
- Department of Chemistry, Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram 624302, India.
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4
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Kalavathi A, Satheeshkumar K, Dharaniprabha V, Vennila KN, Elango KP. Multi-Spectroscopic and TD-DFT Studies on Chromogenic and Fluorogenic Detection of Cyanide in an Aqueous Solution. J Fluoresc 2023:10.1007/s10895-023-03473-z. [PMID: 37889454 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03473-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Different spectroscopic techniques and Density Functional Theory (DFT)/Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TDDFT) calculations have been employed to investigate the dual channel CN- detection behaviour of the developed chemo-dosimeter (AK3). The CN- with AK3 reaction triggered a colour change from pale yellow to colourless and enhanced fluorescence. UV-Vis, fluorescence, 1H & 13C NMR and mass techniques coupled with theoretical calculations (Mulliken charges, dihedral angles) revealed that the CN- sensing process mechanism involves deprotonation of the N-H group followed by nucleophilic addition reaction. Detailed TD-DFT calculations showed that the relaxation of excited electrons from LUMO and to two different ground states is responsible for the weak/moderate fluorescence of AK3. Nucleophilic addition of CN- to the C-atom of the CH = CH bridge terminated the π-conjugation between donor and acceptor regions, reduced the coplanarity, decreased the ICT transition and consequently enhanced the fluorescence of the probe. The practical utility of the probe was demonstrated by detecting cyanide in food materials and determining CN- in environmental water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kalavathi
- Department of Chemistry, Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to Be University), Gandhigram, 624302, India
| | - K Satheeshkumar
- Department of Chemistry, Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to Be University), Gandhigram, 624302, India
| | - V Dharaniprabha
- Department of Chemistry, Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to Be University), Gandhigram, 624302, India
| | - K N Vennila
- Department of Chemistry, Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to Be University), Gandhigram, 624302, India
| | - Kuppanagounder P Elango
- Department of Chemistry, Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to Be University), Gandhigram, 624302, India.
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5
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Wu H, Xu Q, Yin K, Liu Z, Xie T, Wang L, Li Y, Zhang M, Lv X, Li W, Fan S. Bioimaging and detecting endogenous and exogenous cyanide in foods, living cells and mice based on a turn-on mitochondria-targeted fluorescent probe. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 301:122957. [PMID: 37295383 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel fluorescent probe, with advanced features including "turn-on" fluorescence response, high sensitivity, good compatibility, and mitochondria-targeting function, has been synthesized based on structural design for detecting and visualizing cyanide in foods and biological systems. An electron-donating triphenylamine group (TPA) was employed as the fluorescent and an electron-accepting 4-methyl-N-methyl-pyridinium iodide (Py) moiety was used as a mitochondria-targeted localization unit, which formed intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) system. The "turn-on" fluorescence response of the probe (TPA-BTD-Py, TBP) toward cyanide is attributed two reasons, one is the insertion of an electron-deficient benzothiadiazole (BTD) group into the conjugated system between TPA and Py, and the other is the inhibition of ICT induced by the nucleophilic addition of CN-. Two active sites for reacting with CN- were involved in TBP molecule and high response sensitivity were observed in tetrahydrofuran solvent containing 3 % H2O. The response time could be reduced to 150 s, the linear range was 0.25-50 μM, and the limit of detection was 0.046 μM for CN- analysis. The TBP probe was successfully applied to the detection of cyanide in food samples prepared in aqueous solution, including the sprouting potato, bitter almond, cassava, and apple seeds. Furthermore, TBP exhibited low cytotoxicity, clear mitochondria-localizing capability in HeLa cells and excellent fluorescence imaging of exogenous and endogenous CN- in living PC12 cells. Moreover, exogenous CN- with intraperitoneal injection in nude mice could be well monitored visually by the "turn-on" fluorescence. Therefore, the strategy based on structural design provided good prospects for optimizing fluorescent probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Degradation and Monitoring of Pollution of the Environment, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, PR China; College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, PR China
| | - Qinqin Xu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Degradation and Monitoring of Pollution of the Environment, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, PR China; College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, PR China
| | - Kun Yin
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Degradation and Monitoring of Pollution of the Environment, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, PR China; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, PR China
| | - Zhaoqiang Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Degradation and Monitoring of Pollution of the Environment, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, PR China
| | - Tian Xie
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Degradation and Monitoring of Pollution of the Environment, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, PR China; College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Degradation and Monitoring of Pollution of the Environment, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, PR China; College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Degradation and Monitoring of Pollution of the Environment, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, PR China; College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, PR China
| | - Mengjie Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Degradation and Monitoring of Pollution of the Environment, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, PR China; College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, PR China
| | - Xiaojun Lv
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, PR China
| | - Wenyong Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Degradation and Monitoring of Pollution of the Environment, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, PR China.
| | - Suhua Fan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Degradation and Monitoring of Pollution of the Environment, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, PR China; College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, PR China.
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Cheerala VSK, Ganesh KM, Bhaskar S, Ramamurthy SS, Neelakantan SC. Smartphone-Based Attomolar Cyanide Ion Sensing Using Au-Graphene Oxide Cryosoret Nanoassembly and Benzoxazolium-Based Fluorophore in a Surface Plasmon-Coupled Enhanced Fluorescence Interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023. [PMID: 37228180 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Photoplasmonic platforms are being demonstrated as excellent means for bridging nanochemistry and biosensing approaches at advanced interfaces, thereby augmenting the sensitivity and quantification of the desired analytes. Although resonantly coupled electromagnetic waves at the surface plasmon-coupled emission (SPCE) interface are investigated with myriad nanomaterials in order to boost the detection limits, rhodamine moieties are ubiquitously used as SPCE reporter molecules in spite of their well-known limitations. In order to overcome this constraint, in this work, a benzoxazolium-based fluorescent molecule, (E)-2-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-3-methylbenzo[d]oxazol-3-ium iodide (DSBO), was synthesized to selectively detect the cyanide (CN-) ions in water samples. To this end, the sensitivity of the fabricated SPCE substrates is tested in spacer, cavity, and extended cavity nanointerfaces to rationalize the configurational robustness. The performance of the sensor is further improved with the careful engineering of gold (Au)-graphene oxide (GO) cryosoret nanoassemblies fabricated via an adiabatic cooling technology. The unique dequenching (turn-on) of the quenched (turn-off) fluorescent signal is demonstrated with the hybridized metal-π plasmon synergistic coupling in the nanovoids and nanocavities assisting delocalized Bragg and localized Mie plasmons. The spectro-plasmonic analysis yielded highly directional, polarized (>95%), and enhanced emission attributes with an attomolar limit of detection of 10 aM of CN- ions with high linearity (R2 = 0.996) and excellent reliability, in addition to an exceptional correlation with the theoretically obtained TFclac simulations. The CN- ion sensing is experimentally validated with the smartphone-based cost-effective SPCE detection technology to render the device amenable to resource-limited settings. We believe that the unique fluorophore-cryosoret nanoassemblage presented here encourages development of frugal, unconventional, and highly desirable strategies for the selective quantitation of environmentally and physiologically relevant analytes at trace concentrations for use in point-of-care diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Sai Krishna Cheerala
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Brindavan Campus, Kadugodi, Bengaluru 560067, India
| | - Kalathur Mohan Ganesh
- STAR Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam Campus, Puttaparthi, Anantapur 515134, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Seemesh Bhaskar
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory (HMNTL), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Sai Sathish Ramamurthy
- STAR Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam Campus, Puttaparthi, Anantapur 515134, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sundaresan Chittor Neelakantan
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Brindavan Campus, Kadugodi, Bengaluru 560067, India
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Enbanathan S, Munusamy S, Ponnan S, Jothi D, Manoj Kumar S, Sathiyanarayanan KI. AIE active luminous dye with a triphenylamine attached benzothiazole core as a portable polymer film for sensitively detecting CN- ions in food samples. Talanta 2023; 264:124726. [PMID: 37276676 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) active 3-(3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(4'-(diphenylamino)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)acrylonitrile (BTPA) has been designed and synthesized herein, with the goal of detecting CN- ions at a low-level in semi-aqueous medium. The deliberate addition of the electron-deficient alkene BTPA increased its sensitivity and selectivity to CN- ions, with a better detection limit of 6.4 nM, unveiling the next-generation approach to creating sophisticated CN- ions selective chemosensors. The ESI-MS and NMR spectra analyses provided strong support for the structures of the chemosensors, while the UV-Vis, photoluminescence, and 1H-NMR titration experiments provided support for the sensing efficiencies. Subsequently, PVDF/BTPA electrospun nanofibers have been effectively produced as functional films. These nanofiber films exhibit outstanding mechanical strength, photo/thermal stability, and optical responsiveness to CN- ions, making them a potential choice for on-field emerging contaminant detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravanan Enbanathan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, India
| | - Sathishkumar Munusamy
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, United States.
| | - Sathiyanathan Ponnan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dhanapal Jothi
- Department of Advanced Organic Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, South Korea
| | - Selin Manoj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, India
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8
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Alharthy RD, Urooj I, Tasleem M, Khalid M, Asghar MA, Khan SI, Ajmal M, Ahmed N, Shafiq Z. Synthesis of novel 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic hydrazones as selective chemosensors for cyanide ions. RSC Adv 2023; 13:15208-15221. [PMID: 37213331 PMCID: PMC10193203 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00788j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of an effective and selective chemosensor for CN- ions has become the need of the hour due to their hazardous impact on the environment and humans. Herein, we report the synthesis of two novel chemosensors, IF-1 and IF-2 based on 3-hydroxy-2-naphthohydrazide and aldehyde derivatives that have shown selective sensing of CN- ions. IF-2 exhibited exclusive binding with CN- ions that is further confirmed by the binding constant value of 4.77 × 104 M-1 with a low detection limit (8.2 μM). The chemosensory potential is attributed to deprotonation of the labile Schiff base center by CN- ions that results in a color change from colorless to yellow as visible by the naked eye. Accompanying this, a DFT study was also performed in order to find the interaction between the sensor (IF-1) and its ions (F-). A notable charge transfer from 3-hydroxy-2-naphthamide to 2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-methylphenol, was indicated by the FMO analysis. The QTAIM analysis revealed that in the complex compound, the strongest pure hydrogen-hydrogen bonding was observed between H53 and H58, indicated by a ρ value of +0.017807. Due to its selective response, IF-2 can be successfully used for making test strips for the detection of CN- ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima D Alharthy
- Department of Chemistry, Science & Arts College, King Abdulaziz University Rabigh Branch Rabigh 21911 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ifra Urooj
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University 60800 Multan Pakistan
| | - Mussarat Tasleem
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University 60800 Multan Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Khalid
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan 64200 Pakistan
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan 64200 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adnan Asghar
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education Lahore Pakistan
| | - Shaista Ijaz Khan
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University 60800 Multan Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ajmal
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University 60800 Multan Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Ahmed
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University 60800 Multan Pakistan
| | - Zahid Shafiq
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University 60800 Multan Pakistan
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9
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Keleş E, Aydıner B, Seferoğlu Z. Nucleophilic Approach to Cyanide Sensing by Chemosensors. Curr Org Synth 2023; 20:61-76. [PMID: 34939545 DOI: 10.2174/1570179419666211221163435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cyanide anion has wide use in industrial areas; however, it has a high toxic effect on the environment as waste. Moreover, plant seeds contain cyanide that is often consumed by human beings. Therefore, many studies are carried out to determine cyanide. Especially, optical sensors showing colorimetric and fluorimetric changes have been of considerable interest due to their easy, cheap, and fast responses. This review discusses recent developments in the colorimetric and fluorimetric detection of cyanide by nucleophilic addition to different types of receptors via the chemodosimeter approach. The sensitivity and selectivity of the sensors have been reviewed for changes in absorption and fluorescence, naked-eye detection, real sample application, and detection limits when interacting with cyanide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ergin Keleş
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, 06560, Ankara, Turkey
- Technological Dyes and Materials Application and Research Center (TEBAM), Gazi University, 06560, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burcu Aydıner
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, 06560, Ankara, Turkey
- Technological Dyes and Materials Application and Research Center (TEBAM), Gazi University, 06560, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zeynel Seferoğlu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, 06560, Ankara, Turkey
- Technological Dyes and Materials Application and Research Center (TEBAM), Gazi University, 06560, Ankara, Turkey
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10
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Jothi D, Munusamy S, Manickam S, Enbanathan S, Manojkumar S, Iyer SK. Benzothiazole appended 2,2'-(1,4-phenylene)diacetonitrile for the colorimetric and fluorescence detection of cyanide ions. RSC Adv 2022; 12:30045-30050. [PMID: 36329936 PMCID: PMC9583722 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03702e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A benzothiazole appended 2,2'-(1,4-phenylene)diacetonitrile derivative (2Z,2'Z)-2,2'-(1,4-phenylene)bis(3-(3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-4-hydroxyphenyl)acrylonitrile) (PDBT) has been synthesized and investigated as a novel sensor, capable of showing high selectivity and sensitivity towards CN- over a wide range of other interfering anions. After reaction with CN-, PDBT shows a new absorption peak at 451 nm with a color transformation from colorless to reddish-brown. When yellow fluorescent PDBT is exposed to CN-, it displays a significant increase in fluorescence at 445 nm, resulting in strong sky-blue fluorescence emission. The nucleophilic addition reaction of CN- plays a role in the sensing mechanism of PDBT to CN-. PDBT can distinguish between a broad variety of interfering anions and CN- with remarkable selectivity and sensitivity. Furthermore, the detection limit of the PDBT probe for CN- is 0.62 μM, which is significantly lower than the WHO standard of 1.9 μM for drinking water. Density functional theory simulations corroborated the observed fluorescence changes and the internal charge transfer process that occurs after cyanide ion addition. In addition, real-time applications of PDBT, such as cell imaging investigations and the detection of CN- in water samples, were successfully carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanapal Jothi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences and Vellore Institute of TechnologyVellore-632014India
| | - Sathishkumar Munusamy
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082P.R. China
| | - Saravanakumar Manickam
- Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technological Sciences, (SIMATS)Chennai-602105Tamil NaduIndia
| | - Saravanan Enbanathan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences and Vellore Institute of TechnologyVellore-632014India
| | - Selin Manojkumar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences and Vellore Institute of TechnologyVellore-632014India
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11
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AIE based colorimetric and fluorescent sensor for the selective detection of CN− in aqueous media. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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12
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Zhang Z, Chen G, Pan W, Bi Y, Shen S, Cao X, Pang X, Zhu Y. Novel indoleoxazine derivative cyanide ion probe: Detection applications and cell-imaging studies. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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13
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Shanmugapriya R, Saravana Kumar P, Ponkarpagam S, Nandhini C, Vennila K, Al-Sehemi AG, Pannipara M, Elango KP. An indolinium-based chemo-dosimeter for highly selective dual-channel detection of cyanide ion: A combined experimental and theoretical investigations. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.132081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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14
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Bhatt S, Vyas G, Paul P. Rosmarinic Acid-Capped Silver Nanoparticles for Colorimetric Detection of CN - and Redox-Modulated Surface Reaction-Aided Detection of Cr(VI) in Water. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:1318-1328. [PMID: 35036793 PMCID: PMC8757454 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid-capped silver nanoparticles (Ro-AgNPs) were prepared and applied as a probe for selective colorimetric detection of cyanide (CN-) and chromium(VI) [Cr(VI)] under different conditions in aqueous media. The carbon atom of CN- interacts with the AgNPs, and the carbon atom donates electrons from the HOMO to the vacant orbitals of the coordinatively unsaturated surface atom (Ag0). After donating electrons, CN- attached onto the surface of the nanoparticles becomes very reactive and interacts with dissolved oxygen and generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide (O2 -), singlet oxygen (1O2), and so forth. In this process, Ag0 oxidizes to Ag+ and combines with CN- forming water-insoluble AgCN, and the ROS (O2 -) formed reacts with Ag/Ag+ to form Ag2O. The oxidation of Ag0 to Ag+ resulted in dissolution of AgNPs, which causes disappearance of the surface plasmon resonance band and color change from yellow to colorless. For detection of Cr(VI), ascorbic acid and CN- were added first; the ascorbic acid replaced the rosmarinic acid and then reduced the added Cr(VI) to Cr(III), and, in this process, ascorbic acid was oxidized to dehydroascorbic acid, which moved away from the nanoparticles' surface. CN- then interacted with the surface Ag0 atom, got activated, and interacted with dissolved oxygen forming Ag+ and ROS, which then followed the same process as described for CN- to form AgCN and Ag2O with a color change. The limits of detection were found to be 0.01 and 0.03 μM for CN- and Cr(VI), respectively. The material was also used for sensing CN- and Cr(VI) in real samples, and the results obtained were satisfactory. For field application, agarose-based strips were prepared by immobilizing the nanoparticles onto the agarose film and successfully used for the detection of CN- and Cr(VI) in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Bhatt
- Analytical
and Environmental Science Division & Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Gaurav Vyas
- Analytical
and Environmental Science Division & Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Parimal Paul
- Analytical
and Environmental Science Division & Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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15
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A multi-site probe for selective detection of cyanide and sulphite ions via different mechanisms with concomitant different fluorescent behaviors. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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16
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Pal A, Karmakar M, Bhatta SR, Thakur A. A detailed insight into anion sensing based on intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) mechanism: A comprehensive review of the years 2016 to 2021. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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17
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Ramesh S, Kumaresan S. A highly selective coumarin-based chemosensor for naked-eye detection of cyanide anions via nucleophilic addition in pure aqueous environment. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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18
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Muniyasamy H, Chinnadurai C, Nelson M, Kubendran AM, Sukumaran K, Balasubramaniem A, Sepperumal M, Ayyanar S, Govindasamy M, Ghfar A, Alsubaie FM. Highly selective flurogenic chemosensor for cyanide ion in aqueous medium and its applications of logic gate and Hela cells. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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19
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Chakraborty S, Paul S, Roy P, Rayalu S. Detection of cyanide ion by chemosensing and fluorosensing technology. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2021.108562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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20
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Nandhini C, Kumar PS, Poongodi K, Shanmugapriya R, Elango KP. Development of simple imine based probe for selective fluorescent cyanide sensing with red-emission in solid and solution phases. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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21
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Poongodi K, Saravana Kumar P, Shanmugapriya R, Nandhini C, Elango KP. 2-Aminophenols based Schiff bases as fluorescent probes for selective detection of cyanide and aluminium ions - Effect of substituents. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 249:119288. [PMID: 33326917 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Three Schiff base based probes are designed and synthesized by facile condensation of a commercially available fluorophore 2,6-diformyl-4-tert-butylphenol with 4-nitro-2-aminophenol (KP1), 2-aminophenol (KP2) and 4-tert-butyl-2-aminophenol (KP3) and are characterized using various spectral techniques. The probes exhibit high selectivity and sensitivity CN- and Al(III) ions with striking fluorescent signaling responses in H2O-DMSO (1:1, v/v) medium. The mechanism of the probes' detection of CN involves deprotonation of the phenolic OH group(s) followed by nucleophilic addition of CN- onto imine C-atom. The 1H NMR chemical shifts of the OH protons of 2-aminophenol moiety exhibits a linear correlation with the Hammett's substituent constants (σp), yielding a positive reaction constant (ρ). In KP1, the electron-withdrawing nitro substituent polarizes the imine bond to a larger extent than in KP2, resulting in easier addition of CN- to imine C-atom. The electron releasing tert-Bu substituent in KP3 produces the opposite effect leading to a sluggish addition reaction. The separately populated HOMO and LUMO in KP1 and a relatively lower HOMO-LUMO energy gap indicate substantial intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) character, leading to weak fluorescence emission. The large reduction in HOMO-LUMO energy gap, in KP1, upon addition of cyanide is responsible for the greater enhancement in fluorescence with blue shift upon addition of CN-. Formation of tetrahedral Probe-Al(III) complex prevents the isomerization of imine bond, leading to enhancement in fluorescence and contribution from chelation enhanced fluorescence. As these probes show very low limits of detection of these ions, their practical utility has also been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Poongodi
- Department of Chemistry, Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram 624302, India
| | - P Saravana Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram 624302, India
| | - R Shanmugapriya
- Department of Chemistry, Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram 624302, India
| | - C Nandhini
- Department of Chemistry, Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram 624302, India
| | - Kuppanagounder P Elango
- Department of Chemistry, Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram 624302, India.
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22
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Babu B, Mack J, Nyokong T. Naked Eye and Colorimetric Detection of Cyanide with a 1,3‐Diethyl‐2‐thiobarbituric Acid Substituted Ferrocene Chemosensor. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202100163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Babu
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation Department of Chemistry Rhodes University Makhanda 6140 South Africa
| | - John Mack
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation Department of Chemistry Rhodes University Makhanda 6140 South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation Department of Chemistry Rhodes University Makhanda 6140 South Africa
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23
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Electrochemical sensor based on 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone adsorbed on a glassy carbon electrode for the detection of [Cu(CN)3](aq)2− in alkaline cyanide copper plating baths waste. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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24
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Erdemir S, Malkondu S. Visual and quantitative detection of CN - ion in aqueous media by an HBT-Br and thiazolium conjugated fluorometric and colorimetric probe: Real samples and useful applications. Talanta 2020; 221:121639. [PMID: 33076159 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cyanide released from mostly industrial production is a highly toxic chemical. Its heavy industrial use and transportation increase the danger of human exposure. Since it can often lead to rapid death, selective, sensitive and on-site and rapid monitoring techniques for the detection of cyanide are essential. Therefore, we report an efficient cyanide probe based on thiazolium conjugated HBT-Br derivative. It has striking color change toward cyanide blue to yellow under daylight or colorless to cyan under UV-light. Interaction modes of the probe are based on ESIPT and ICT processes. It is selectively able to react free aqueous cyanide with detection limit of 1.79 μM, lower than physiologically lethal blood levels, >20 μM. Smartphone assisted and test kit applications are able to detect cyanide, qualitatively. Moreover, real samples such as tap or lake water and apricot seeds including cyanide are successfully determined through the present probe. Therefore, the designed probe displays excellent practical potential toward cyanide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Erdemir
- Selcuk University, Science Faculty, Department of Chemistry, Konya, 42250, Turkey.
| | - Sait Malkondu
- Giresun University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Giresun, 28200, Turkey
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25
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Junaid HM, Batool M, Harun FW, Akhter MS, Shabbir N. Naked Eye Chemosensing of Anions by Schiff Bases. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 52:463-480. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1806703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Madeeha Batool
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Farah Wahida Harun
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | | | - Nabila Shabbir
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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26
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Tigreros A, Castillo JC, Portilla J. Cyanide chemosensors based on 3-dicyanovinylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines: Effects of peripheral 4-anisyl group substitution on the photophysical properties. Talanta 2020; 215:120905. [PMID: 32312450 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.120905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Novel dual-mode colorimetric/fluorometric probes based on 3-dicyanovinylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines for cyanide (CN-) sensing have been developed (DPPa-c). These probes displayed high selectivity and sensitivity toward CN- over other interfering anions, with a detection limit (LOD) as low as 610/170 nmol L-1 (absorption/emission) for some of the prepared probes. After a reaction with CN-, low-fluorescent DPPa-c showed a significant decrease of the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) bands at approximately 390 nm (color changes from yellow to colorless) and exhibited up to an 82-fold fluorescence enhancement at approximately 465 nm (strong blue-light emission). The successive introduction of 4-anisyl (4-MeOPh) groups on periphery of the heterocyclic core had a dramatic influence on both the photophysical properties and CN- detection capability. The number of channels for CN- quantification in the absorption spectra increased from 1 in DPPa to 3 in DPPc. Moreover, the fluorescence emission LOD decreased from 300 nmol L-1 in DPPa to 170 nmol L-1 in DPPc. Finally, the selectivity toward CN- demonstrated a notable improvement when the probe had three 4-anisyl groups in its periphery (i.e., DPPc).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Tigreros
- Bioorganic Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-10, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan-Carlos Castillo
- Bioorganic Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-10, Bogotá, Colombia; Escuela de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia UPTC, Avenida Central del Norte, Tunja, Colombia
| | - Jaime Portilla
- Bioorganic Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-10, Bogotá, Colombia.
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27
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Nhien PQ, Chou WL, Cuc TTK, Khang TM, Wu CH, Thirumalaivasan N, Hue BTB, Wu JI, Wu SP, Lin HC. Multi-Stimuli Responsive FRET Processes of Bifluorophoric AIEgens in an Amphiphilic Copolymer and Its Application to Cyanide Detection in Aqueous Media. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:10959-10972. [PMID: 32026696 PMCID: PMC7325583 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b21970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A novel amphiphilic aggregation-induced emission (AIE) copolymer, that is, poly(NIPAM-co-TPE-SP), consisting of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) as a hydrophilic unit and a tetraphenylethylene-spiropyran monomer (TPE-SP) as a bifluorophoric unit is reported. Upon UV exposure, the close form of non-emissive spiropyran (SP) in poly(NIPAM-co-TPE-SP) can be photo-switched to the open form of emissive merocyanine (MC) in poly(NIPAM-co-TPE-MC) in an aqueous solution, leading to ratiometric fluorescence of AIEgens between green TPE and red MC emissions at 517 and 627 nm, respectively, via Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). Distinct FRET processes of poly(NIPAM-co-TPE-MC) can be observed under various UV and visible light irradiations, acid-base conditions, thermal treatments, and cyanide ion interactions, which are also confirmed by theoretical studies. The subtle perturbations of environmental factors, such as UV exposure, pH value, temperature, and cyanide ion, can be detected in aqueous media by distinct ratiometric fluorescence changes of the FRET behavior in the amphiphilic poly(NIPAM-co-TPE-MC). Moreover, the first FRET sensor polymer poly(NIPAM-co-TPE-MC) based on dual AIEgens of TPE and MC units is developed to show a very high selectivity and sensitivity with a low detection limit (LOD = 0.26 μM) toward the cyanide ion in water, which only contain an approximately 1% molar ratio of the bifluorophoric content and can be utilized in cellular bioimaging applications for cyanide detections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pham Quoc Nhien
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Chou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Tu Thi Kim Cuc
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Trang Manh Khang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hua Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | | | - Bui Thi Buu Hue
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Can Tho University, Can Tho City 721337, Vietnam
| | - Judy I Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Shu-Pao Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Cheu Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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28
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Li Y, Pan W, Zheng C, Pu S. A diarylethene derived Fe3+ fluorescent chemosensor and its application in wastewater analysis. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.112282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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29
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Al-Zahrani FAM, El-Shishtawy RM, Asiri AM, Al-Soliemy AM, Mellah KA, Ahmed NSE, Jedidi A. A new phenothiazine-based selective visual and fluorescent sensor for cyanide. BMC Chem 2020; 14:2. [PMID: 31922151 PMCID: PMC6945606 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-019-0656-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A new donor-π-acceptor derived from phenothiazine, namely 2-(2-((10-hexyl-10H-phenothiazin-3-yl)methylene)-3-oxo-2,3-dihydroinden-1-ylidene) malononitrile (PTZON) was synthesized and fully characterized, and its potential as a fluorescent sensor for cyanide anion was investigated. The PTZON showed a visible absorption band at 564 nm corresponds to an intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) and an emission band at 589 nm in CH3CN/H2O. The results of cyanide anion titration revealed ratiometric changes in both absorption and fluorescence spectra as a result of the nucleophilic addition of cyanide anion via Michael addition. The optical studies, FT-IR spectra, NMR, high-resolution mass, and DFT calculations confirmed the sensing mechanism. The selectivity of PTZON as a cyanide anion fluorescent sensor was proved in mixed solvent solutions, and the sensitivity was as low as 0.011 µM, which is far lower than the value allowed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency for drinking water (1.9 µM). Also, the detection limit of PTZON was assessed to be 3.39 μM by the spectrophotometric method. The binding stoichiometry between PTZON and cyanide anion was found to be 1:1 as evidenced by mass spectra. TLC silica-coated plates test strips demonstrated the fluorescent detection of cyanide anion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatimah A M Al-Zahrani
- 1Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O.Box 9004, Abha, 61413 Saudi Arabia
| | - Reda M El-Shishtawy
- 2Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia.,3Dyeing, Printing and Textile Auxiliaries Department, Textile Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622 Egypt
| | - Abdullah M Asiri
- 2Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia.,4Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Amerah M Al-Soliemy
- 5Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khloud Abu Mellah
- 1Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O.Box 9004, Abha, 61413 Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahed S E Ahmed
- 3Dyeing, Printing and Textile Auxiliaries Department, Textile Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622 Egypt
| | - Abdesslem Jedidi
- 2Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
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30
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Wu H, Chen M, Xu Q, Zhang Y, Liu P, Li W, Fan S. Switching to a “turn-on” fluorescent probe for selective monitoring of cyanide in food samples and living systems. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:15137-15140. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07492a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A “turn-on” fluorescent probe was designed by changing the structure of a “turn-off” probe for monitoring cyanide in food samples and living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Wu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
- Fuyang Normal University
- Fuyang
- P. R. China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction
| | - Miaomiao Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
- Fuyang Normal University
- Fuyang
- P. R. China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction
| | - Qinqin Xu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
- Fuyang Normal University
- Fuyang
- P. R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
- Fuyang Normal University
- Fuyang
- P. R. China
| | - Pingping Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
- Fuyang Normal University
- Fuyang
- P. R. China
| | - Wenyong Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory for Degradation and Monitoring of Pollution of the Environment
- Fuyang Normal University
- Fuyang
- P. R. China
| | - Suhua Fan
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
- Fuyang Normal University
- Fuyang
- P. R. China
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