In-silico based development of photoinitiators for 3D printing and composites: Search on the coumarin scaffold

Fused Carbazole–Coumarin–Ketone Dyes: High Performance and Photobleachable Photoinitiators in Free Radical Photopolymerization for Deep Photocuring under Visible LED Light Irradiation

In this work, three dyes based on fused carbazole–coumarin–ketone structures were designed and synthesized. These dyes were named CCK–Me, CCK–Ph, and CCK–Tol in accordance with their different substituents. Their excellent...

3-Carboxylic Acid and Formyl-Derived Coumarins as Photoinitiators in Photo-Oxidation or Photo-Reduction Processes for Photopolymerization upon Visible Light: Photocomposite Synthesis and 3D Printing Applications

In this paper, nine organic compounds based on the coumarin scaffold and different substituents were synthesized and used as high-performance photoinitiators for free radical photopolymerization (FRP) of meth(acrylate) functions under visible light irradiation using LED at 405 nm. In fact, these compounds showed a very high initiation capacity and very good polymerization profiles (both high rate of polymerization (Rp) and final conversion (FC)) using two and three-component photoinitiating systems based on coum/iodonium salt (0.1%/1% w/w) and coum/iodonium salt/amine (0.1%/1%/1% w/w/w), respectively. To demonstrate the efficiency of the initiation of photopolymerization, several techniques were used to study the photophysical and photochemical properties of coumarins, such as: UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, steady-state photolysis, real-time FTIR, and cyclic voltammetry. On the other hand, these compounds were also tested in direct laser write experiments (3D printing). The synthesis of photocomposites based on glass fiber or carbon fiber using an LED conveyor at 385 nm (0.7 W/cm²) was also examined.