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Dash PP, Ghosh AK, Mohanty P, Behura R, Behera S, Jali BR, Sahoo SK. Advances on fluorescence chemosensors for selective detection of water. Talanta 2024; 275:126089. [PMID: 38608343 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Water, although an important part of everyday life, is acts as one of the most significant contaminants in various applications such as biomedical monitoring, chemical production, petroleum-based fuel and food processing. In fact, the presence of water in other solvents is a huge concern. For the quantification of trace water content, different methods such as Karl-Fischer, electrochemical, nuclear magnetic resonance, chromatography, and thermogravimetric analysis have been used. Although every technique has its own benefit, each one suffers from several drawbacks that include high detection costs, lengthy procedures and specialized operations. Nowadays, the development of fluorescence-based chemical probes has become an exciting area of research for the quick and accurate estimation of water content in organic solvents. A variety of chemical processes such as hydrolysis reaction, metal ions promoted oxidation reaction, suppression of the -C═N isomerization, protonation and deprotonation reactions, and molecular aggregation have been well researched in the last few years for the fluorescent detection of trace water. These chemical processes eventually lead to different photophysical events such as aggregation-induced emission (AIE), aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE), aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ), fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET), charge transfer, photo-induced electron transfer (PET), excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) that are responsible for the detection. This review presents a summary of the fluorescence-based chemosensors reported in recent years. The design of water sensors, sensing mechanisms and their potential applications are reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragyan Parimita Dash
- Department of Chemistry, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Burla, Sambalpur, 768018, Odisha, India
| | - Arup Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, 395007, Gujarat, India.
| | - Patitapaban Mohanty
- Department of Chemistry, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Burla, Sambalpur, 768018, Odisha, India
| | - Rubi Behura
- Department of Chemistry, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Burla, Sambalpur, 768018, Odisha, India
| | - Sunita Behera
- Department of Chemistry, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Burla, Sambalpur, 768018, Odisha, India
| | - Bigyan R Jali
- Department of Chemistry, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Burla, Sambalpur, 768018, Odisha, India.
| | - Suban K Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, 395007, Gujarat, India.
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El-Sedik MS, Mohamed MBI, Abdel-Aziz MS, Aysha TS. Synthesis of New D-π-A Phenothiazine-Based Fluorescent Dyes: Aggregation Induced Emission and Antibacterial Activity. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-024-03708-7. [PMID: 38647963 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-03708-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Highly solid-state fluorescent dyes based on phenothiazine bearing sulfa-drug derivatives were successfully prepared and fully characterized by NMR, mass spectra, and elemental analysis. The prepared phenothiazine dyes bearing sulfadiazine and sulfathiazole 4-(((10-hexyl-10 H-phenothiazin-3-yl)methylene)amino)-N-(pyrimidin-2yl) benzenesulfonamide (PTZ-1) and 4-(((10-hexyl-10 H-phenothiazin-3-yl) methylene) amino)-N-(thiazol-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide (PTZ-2), showed strong emission in polycrystalline form, and significant emission in solution was observed. The quantum yield of the prepared dyes varied and decreased by increasing the solvent polarity, with the maximum recorded value being 0.63 and 0.6 in dioxane. Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and the effect of the solvent polarity on absorption and emission spectra were investigated. The dyeing application of polyester fabrics using the prepared phenothiazine-based dyes was studied, showing very good affinity to dyed fabrics. The antibacterial affinity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria for the dye powder as well as the dyed PET fabric was investigated, with PTZ-2 showing better affinity against bacteria compared to PTZ-1. This multifunctional property highlights the potential uses of PTZ-1 and PTZ-2 for advanced applications in biomedicine and optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervat S El-Sedik
- Dyeing, Printing and Textile Auxiliaries Department, Textile Research and Technology Institute, National Research Centre, 33 EL Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | | | - Mohamed S Abdel-Aziz
- Microbial Chemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 EL Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Tarek S Aysha
- Dyeing, Printing and Textile Auxiliaries Department, Textile Research and Technology Institute, National Research Centre, 33 EL Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
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Morimoto A, Shimizu K, Suzuki N, Yagi S, Sueyoshi K, Endo T, Hisamoto H. Water detection in organic solvents using a copolymer membrane immobilised with a fluorescent intramolecular charge transfer-type dye: effects of intramolecular hydrogen bonds. Analyst 2024; 149:1939-1946. [PMID: 38381155 DOI: 10.1039/d3an02165c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Numerous fluorescent dye-based optical sensors have been developed to detect water in organic solvents. However, only a few such sensors can detect water in polar solvents such as methanol or dimethyl sulfoxide, and their detection range is generally narrow. Therefore, in this study, a copolymer membrane incorporated with a pyridinium betaine dye (denoted PB1), which exhibited intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) characteristics, was developed to realise simple water detection in organic solvents. The pyridinium betaine structure, comprising intramolecular hydrogen bonds between the oxygen in the maleimide moiety and the hydrogen in the pyridinium, was vital for achieving efficient fluorescence emission. The membrane was prepared by copolymerising PB1 with the N,N-dimethyl acrylamide/acrylamide monomer on a glass plate, and the fluorescence in water-mixed organic solvents was investigated (λabs = 490 nm, λfl = 630 nm). The fluorescence intensity of the dye-immobilised membrane decreased with increasing water content of the organic solvents. The detection ranges in tetrahydrofuran, ethanol, methanol, and dimethyl sulfoxide were approximately <40, <40, <40, and <60 vol% water, respectively. In contrast, membranes based on a quaternary pyridinium dye (without intramolecular hydrogen bonds) did not detect water in methanol and dimethyl sulfoxide, although it was more sensitive than PB1 in the narrow region of low water concentration in THF. Theoretical calculations corroborated the importance of the pyridinium betaine structure in detecting water in organic solvents, with the increase in polarity and the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds between PB1 and water found to induce molecular rotation and fluorescence quenching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami Morimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531 Japan.
| | - Kei Shimizu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531 Japan.
| | - Naoya Suzuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531 Japan.
| | - Shigeyuki Yagi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531 Japan.
| | - Kenji Sueyoshi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531 Japan.
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Endo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531 Japan.
| | - Hideaki Hisamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531 Japan.
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Li J, Yang S, Deng Z, Islam A, Wu S, He J, Ni S, Dang L, Li MD. Uncovering the substituted-position effect on excited-state evolution of benzophenone-phenothiazine dyads. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:144502. [PMID: 37818997 DOI: 10.1063/5.0166630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Photofunctional materials based on donor-acceptor molecules have drawn intense attention due to their unique optical properties. Importantly, Systematic investigation of substitution effects on excited-state charge transfer dynamics of donor-acceptor molecules is a powerful approach for identifying application-relevant design principles. Here, by coupling phenothiazine (PTZ) at the ortho-, meta-, and para-positions of the benzene ring of benzophenone (BP), three regioisomeric BP-PTZ dyads were designed to understand the relationship between substituted positions and excited-state evolution channels. Ultrafast transient absorption is used to detect and trace the transient species and related evolution channels of BP-PTZ dyads at excited state. In a non-polar solvent, BP-o-PTZ undergoes the through-space charge transfer process to produce a singlet charge-transfer (1CT) state, which subsequently proceeds the intersystem crossing process and transforms into a triplet charge-transfer (3CT) state; BP-m-PTZ experiences intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) process to generate the 1CT state, which subsequently transforms into the 3CT state by the intersystem crossing (ISC) and finally converts into the local-excited triplet (3LE) state; as for BP-p-PTZ, only 3LE states can be detected after the ISC process from the 1CT state. On the other hand, the twisted ICT states are generated via twisted motion between the donor and acceptor for all BP-PTZ dyads or planarization of the PTZ unit in high polar solvents. The excited-state theoretical calculations unveil that the features of ICT and intramolecular interaction between the three dyads play a decisive role in determining the through-bond charge transfer and through-space charge transfer processes. Also, these results demonstrate that the excited-state evolution channels of PTZ derivatives could be modified by tuning the substituted positions of the donor-acceptor dyads. This study provides a deep perspective for the substitute-position effect on donor-acceptor-type PTZ derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, People's Republic of China
| | - Sirui Yang
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou 515031, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqi Deng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Amjad Islam
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqi Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxing He
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaofei Ni
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Dang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, People's Republic of China
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou 515031, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-De Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, People's Republic of China
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou 515031, People's Republic of China
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Xiao G, Ji X, Ji J, Li G, Yang G, Wang Y. A ratiometric fluorescent chemodosimeter based on a hydrolysis reaction for the superwide continuous range detection of water in MeOH, MeCN, and DMF. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2023.114714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Alahmdi MI. Development of a push-π-pull phenothiazine-vinyl-isophorone fluorophore: a novel solvatochromic and pH indicator. LUMINESCENCE 2023; 38:372-378. [PMID: 36735840 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Knoevenagel condensation of phenothiazine-3,7-dicarbaldehyde with an isophorone yielded a new phenothiazine derivative (PTZ-c) fluorophore. The solvatochromic and pH-sensing abilities of PTZ-c, an asymmetric fluorophore with a single isophorone molecule, were shown to be exceptional. PTZ-c produced very delicate absorbance and emission spectra. When the polarity of the solvent was increased, the PTZ-c emission spectra showed greater sensitivity than the absorption spectra. Multiple spectroscopic techniques, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectrometry, were used to characterize the manufactured PTZ-c sensor. To demonstrate the beneficial solvatochromic behaviour associated with intramolecular charge transfer, the absorption spectra of the synthesized DA PTZ-c dye were analyzed in different solvents of varying polarity. Band intensity and the wavelength of PTZ-c emission were also found to be highly solvent dependent. It was observed that when solvent polarity was increased to a maximum of 4122 cm-1 , Stokes' shift also increased. To analyze the Stokes' shift that depended on the solvent, a linear correlation between solvation and energy was used. An investigation of PTZ-c quantum yield (ф) was also conducted. Both the absorbance and fluorescence spectra of the sensor in dimethylformamide as a function of pH were studied. A fluorescence peak was seen at 562 nm, whereas the greatest absorption wavelengths were found at 403 and 317 nm. It was shown that the pH-sensing mechanism depended on protons removed from the PTZ-c chromophore, which caused a colour shift and variation in both emission and colorimetric properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Issa Alahmdi
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
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Efficient Synthesis of a 2-Decyl-tetradecyl Substituted 7-Bromophenothiazine-3-carbaldehyde Building Block for Functional Dyes. ORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/org3040033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Polyfunctional molecules are versatile building blocks for efficient syntheses of novel phenothiazine-based materials with promising electronic properties. A prerequisite is a facile, high yielding access to these building blocks that bear solubilizing moieties and functional groups for orthogonal transformation. (2) Here, an efficient, improved two-step protocol for accessing a solubilizing 2-decyl-tetradecyl functionalized phenothiazine, i.e., an N-alkylated 7-bromophenothiazine-3-carbaldehyde, by Vilsmeier–Haack formylation and NBS (N-bromo succinimide) bromination is reported. (3) The sequence proceeds with higher yields and in shorter reaction times than the standard access employing bromination with elementary bromine. In addition, the work-up procedure essentially uses absorptive filtration on a plug of silica with the eluent.
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Sharma H, Kakkar R, Bishnoi S, Daisy Milton M. Synthesis of acceptor-donor-acceptor based phenothiazine-5-oxide aldehydes displaying large Stokes shift- “on-off-on” acidofluorochromic switch and molecular logic gate operation. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.113944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Di-Triphenylamine-based AIE active Schiff base for highly sensitive and selective fluorescence sensing of Cu2+ and Fe3+. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.113785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Sachdeva T, Milton MD. Novel push-pull based phenothiazine-benzothiazole derivatives integrated with molecular logic gate operation for reversible volatile acid detection. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Huang M, Lu H, Wang M, Liu B, Ma Z, Wang Z, Yang J. Phenothiazine-Based Luminophores with AIE, Solvatochromism, and Mechanochromic Characteristics. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:11548-11556. [PMID: 34615358 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c07304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) fluorescent molecules with unique photoelectric properties have received extensive attention due to the wide range of applications. In this work, two novel phenothiazine-based luminophores DPE-PTZ-Cl and DPE-PTZ-CF3 were designed based on the frontier molecular orbital (FMO) theory and construction strategy of AIEgens. As expected, both of the luminophores displayed typical AIE behavior and realized the spatial separation of FMOs, which was confirmed by the positive solvatochromism behavior. Their AIE properties could be attributed to the twisted three-dimensional (3D) conformation. Such a conformation resulted from "butterfly-like" phenothiazine and a multirotor structure of diphenylethylene. The spatial separation of FMOs originated from the push-pull electronic synergistic effect of the donor-acceptor (D-A) architecture. Interestingly, DPE-PTZ-Cl also showed a rare blue-shifted mechanochromic (MC) luminescence property. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) experiments were carried out to reveal that the phase transformation between crystalline and amorphous states was responsible for the peculiar solid-state luminescence phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Huang
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Advanced Materials and Performance, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Advanced Materials and Performance, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Advanced Materials and Performance, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Beibei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Advanced Materials and Performance, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhiyong Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhijian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Advanced Materials and Performance, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jiping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Advanced Materials and Performance, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
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Mishra S, Singh AK. Optical sensors for water and humidity and their further applications. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Lugovik KI, Kanaa A, Benassi E, Belskaya NP. Fluorescent Assembles of 2‐Amino‐3‐cyanothiophenes with Azoles. Design and Peculiar Properties of Absorption and Emission. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kseniya I. Lugovik
- Ural Federal University 19 Mira Str. Yekaterinburg 620002 Russian Federation
| | - Ali Kanaa
- Ural Federal University 19 Mira Str. Yekaterinburg 620002 Russian Federation
| | - Enrico Benassi
- Shihezi University 280 N 4th Rd Shihezi Xinjiang 832000 P. R. China
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