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He X, Lin T, Xie Y, Li J, Ge Y, Zhang S, Fan J. Backbone cyclization of Salmonella typhimurium diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase to enhance the activity and stability. Protein Expr Purif 2024; 218:106447. [PMID: 38369031 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2024.106447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase transforms D and L isomers of 2,3-diaminopropionate to pyruvate and ammonia. It catalyzes D- and l-serine less effectively. L-2,3-diaminopropionate is a precursor in the biosynthesis of oxalyl diaminopropionate as a neurotoxin in certain legume species. In this work, we cyclized the diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase from Salmonella typhimurium in vitro using the redox-responsive split intein, and identified that backbone cyclization afforded the enzyme with the improved activity, thermal stability and resistance to the exopeptidase proteolysis, different from effects of the incorporated sequence recognized by tobacco vein mottling virus protease at C-terminus. Using analyses of three fluorescent dyes including 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid, N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine, and thioflavin T, the same amounts of the cyclic protein displayed less fluorescence than those of the linear protein upon the heat treatment. The cyclic enzyme displayed the enhanced activity in Escherichia coli cells using the designed novel reporter. In this system, d-serine was added to the culture and transported into the cytoplasm. It was transformed by pre-overexpression of the diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase, and untransformed d-serine was oxidized by the coproduced human d-amino acid oxidase to generate hydrogen peroxide. This oxidant is monitored by the HyPer indicator. The current results presented that the cyclized enzyme could be applied as a better candidate to block the neurotoxin biosynthesis in certain plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei He
- College of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, 237012, PR China
| | - Tingting Lin
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, PR China
| | - Yuying Xie
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, PR China
| | - Jinjing Li
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Ge
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, PR China
| | - Shuncheng Zhang
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, PR China
| | - Jun Fan
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, PR China.
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El-Sedik MS, Mohamed MB, Abdel-Aziz MS, Aysha TS. Synthesis of New D-π-A Phenothiazine-Based Fluorescent Dyes: Aggregation Induced Emission and Antibacterial Activity. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-024-03708-7. [PMID: 38647963 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-03708-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Highly solid-state fluorescent dyes based on phenothiazine bearing sulfa-drug derivatives were successfully prepared and fully characterized by NMR, mass spectra, and elemental analysis. The prepared phenothiazine dyes bearing sulfadiazine and sulfathiazole 4-(((10-hexyl-10 H-phenothiazin-3-yl)methylene)amino)-N-(pyrimidin-2yl) benzenesulfonamide (PTZ-1) and 4-(((10-hexyl-10 H-phenothiazin-3-yl) methylene) amino)-N-(thiazol-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide (PTZ-2), showed strong emission in polycrystalline form, and significant emission in solution was observed. The quantum yield of the prepared dyes varied and decreased by increasing the solvent polarity, with the maximum recorded value being 0.63 and 0.6 in dioxane. Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and the effect of the solvent polarity on absorption and emission spectra were investigated. The dyeing application of polyester fabrics using the prepared phenothiazine-based dyes was studied, showing very good affinity to dyed fabrics. The antibacterial affinity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria for the dye powder as well as the dyed PET fabric was investigated, with PTZ-2 showing better affinity against bacteria compared to PTZ-1. This multifunctional property highlights the potential uses of PTZ-1 and PTZ-2 for advanced applications in biomedicine and optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervat S El-Sedik
- Dyeing, Printing and Textile Auxiliaries Department, Textile Research and Technology Institute, National Research Centre, 33 EL Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud BasseemI Mohamed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, P.O. 11884, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed S Abdel-Aziz
- Microbial Chemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 EL Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Tarek S Aysha
- Dyeing, Printing and Textile Auxiliaries Department, Textile Research and Technology Institute, National Research Centre, 33 EL Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
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3
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Okay E, Gonzalez MR, Werenski JO, Sodhi A, Ozkan K, Brookes M, Ragbir M, Rankin K, Kumar AT, Lozano-Calderon SA. What is the diagnostic accuracy of fluorescence-guided surgery for margin assessment in appendicular bone and soft tissue tumors? - A systematic review of clinical studies. Surg Oncol 2024; 52:102030. [PMID: 38183855 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2023.102030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) is a novel technique to successfully assess surgical margins intraoperatively. Investigation and adoption of this technique in orthopaedic oncology remains limited. METHODS The PRISMA guidelines were followed for this manuscript. Our study was registered on PROSPERO (380520). Studies describing the use of FGS for resection of bone and soft tissue sarcomas (STS) on humans were included. Diagnostic performance metrics (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value [PPV], negative predictive value [NPV] and accuracy) and margin positivity rate were the outcomes assessed. RESULTS Critical appraisal using the Joanna Brigs Institute checklists showed significant concerns for study quality. Sensitivity of FGS ranged from 22.2 % to 100 % in three of the four studies assessing his metrics; one study in appendicular tumors in the pediatric population reported 0 % sensitivity in the three cases included. Specificity ranged from 9.38 % to 100 %. PPV ranged from 14.6 % to 70 % while NPV was between 53.3 % and 100 %. The diagnostic accuracy ranged from 21.62 % to 92.31 %. Margin positivity rate ranged from 2 % to 50 %, with six of the seven studies reporting values between 20 % and 50 %. CONCLUSIONS FSG is a feasible technique to assess tumor margins in bone and STS. Reported performance metrics and margin positivity rates vary widely between studies due to low study quality and high heterogeneity in dying protocols. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, diagnostic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erhan Okay
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Istanbul Goztepe Prof. Dr.Suleyman Yalcin City Hospital, Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Marcos R Gonzalez
- Division of Orthopaedic Oncology, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph O Werenski
- Division of Orthopaedic Oncology, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alisha Sodhi
- Division of Orthopaedic Oncology, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Korhan Ozkan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Istanbul Goztepe Prof. Dr.Suleyman Yalcin City Hospital, Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Marcus Brookes
- North of England Bone and Soft Tissue Tumour Service, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - Maniram Ragbir
- North of England Bone and Soft Tissue Tumour Service, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - Kenneth Rankin
- North of England Bone and Soft Tissue Tumour Service, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - Anand Tn Kumar
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Santiago A Lozano-Calderon
- Division of Orthopaedic Oncology, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Bartusch K, Blanco-Touriñán N, Rodriguez-Villalón A, Truernit E. Monitoring Xylem Transport in Arabidopsis thaliana Seedlings Using Fluorescent Dyes. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2722:3-15. [PMID: 37897596 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3477-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent dyes are often used to observe transport mechanisms in plant vascular tissues. However, it has been technically challenging to apply fluorescent dyes on roots to monitor xylem transport in vivo. Here, we present a fast, noninvasive, and high-throughput protocol to monitor xylem transport in seedlings. Using the fluorescent dyes 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate (CFDA) and Rhodamine WT, we were able to observe xylem transport on a cellular level in Arabidopsis thaliana roots. We describe how to apply these dyes on primary roots of young seedlings, how to monitor root-to-shoot xylem transport, and how to measure xylem transport velocity in roots. Moreover, we show that our protocol can also be applied to lateral roots and grafted seedlings to assess xylem (re)connection. Altogether, these techniques are useful for investigating xylem functionality in diverse experimental setups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Bartusch
- Group of Phloem Development and Function, Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Noel Blanco-Touriñán
- Group of Plant Vascular Development, Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Antia Rodriguez-Villalón
- Group of Plant Vascular Development, Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Truernit
- Group of Phloem Development and Function, Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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Hawes C, Wang P, Kriechbaumer V. Make It Shine: Labelling the ER for Light and Fluorescence Microscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2772:1-14. [PMID: 38411802 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3710-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The ER is a highly dynamic network of tubules and membrane cisternae. Hence, imaging this organelle in its native and mobile state is of great importance. Here we describe methods of labelling the native plant ER using fluorescent proteins and lipid dyes as well as methods for immunolabelling on plant tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Hawes
- Endomembrane Structure and Function Research Group, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Pengwei Wang
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Verena Kriechbaumer
- Endomembrane Structure and Function Research Group, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK.
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Cao JX, Wang L, Liu TG, Wang JY. A series of fluorescent dyes based on 4-phenylacetylene-1,8-naphthalimide: Synthesis, theoretical calculations, photophysical properties and application in two-color imaging and dynamic behavior monitoring of lipid droplets and lysosomes. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2023; 303:123207. [PMID: 37542875 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
A series of fluorescent dyes (NapPAs) based on 4-phenylacetylene-1,8-naphthalimide were synthesized and characterized, whose conjugated structures were extended by the introduction of phenylethynyl. Furthermore, changes in the photophysical properties of the dyes when substituents with varying electron richness were introduced at the p-position of phenylacetylene were studied. The theoretical calculation of the dye molecules was carried out by B3LYP functional and 6-31G(d,p) basis set, and the effects of different substituents at the p-position of phenylacetylene on the electronic structure and photophysical properties of the dyes were studied by theoretical calculation results. Theoretical calculations provided a reliable means of predicting the properties of dyes, which could help in the design of more efficient and novel dyes. To verify the practicability of the dyes, two dyes with excellent photophysical properties (large Stokes shift, high polarity-viscosity sensitivity, good biocompatibility) were selected as fluorescent probes for visualization of LDs and two-color imaging of LDs and lysosomes. Cell imaging showed that NapPA-LDs and NapPA-LDs-Lyso serve as excellent imaging tools to monitor the dynamic changes, movements, and behaviors of LDs and lysosomes in real time. Notably, NapPA-LDs-Lyso held promise as a potential tool to study the interaction between LDs and lysosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xin Cao
- Faculty of Light Industry, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Qi Lu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), No. 3501, Daxue Road, Changqing District, Jinan 250353, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Lin Wang
- Faculty of Light Industry, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Qi Lu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), No. 3501, Daxue Road, Changqing District, Jinan 250353, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Tong-Guo Liu
- Faculty of Light Industry, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Qi Lu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), No. 3501, Daxue Road, Changqing District, Jinan 250353, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Jian-Yong Wang
- Faculty of Light Industry, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Qi Lu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), No. 3501, Daxue Road, Changqing District, Jinan 250353, Shandong Province, PR China.
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7
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Liu Y, Wang B, Hou JT, Xie P, Li W, Wang S. Molecular engineering and bioimaging applications of C2-alkenyl indole dyes with tunable emission wavelengths covering visible to NIR light. Bioorg Chem 2023; 141:106905. [PMID: 37832222 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
As an important member of dyes, small-molecule fluorescent dyes show indispensable value in biomedical fields. Although various molecular dyes have been developed, full-color dyes covering blue to red region derived from a single chromophore are still in urgent demand. In this work, a series of dyes based on C2-alkenyl indole skeleton were synthesized, namely AI dyes, and their photophysical properties, cytotoxicity, and imaging capacity were verified to be satisfactory. Particularly, the maximal emission wavelengths of these dyes could cover a wide range from visible to NIR light with large Stokes shifts. Besides, the optical and structural discrepancies between the C2- and C3- alkenyl AI dyes were discussed in detail, and the theoretical calculations were conducted to provide insights on such structure-activity relationship. Finally, as a proof-of-concept, a fluorescent probe AI-Py-B capable of imaging endogenous ONOO- was presented, demonstrating the bioimaging potentials of these alkenyl indole dyes. This work is anticipated to open up new possibilities for developing dye engineering and bio-applications of natural indole framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Treatment and Life Support for Critical Diseases of Zhejiang Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Bingya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Treatment and Life Support for Critical Diseases of Zhejiang Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Ji-Ting Hou
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Peng Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensification Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Weiyi Li
- School of Science, Research Center for Advanced Computation, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China.
| | - Shan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Treatment and Life Support for Critical Diseases of Zhejiang Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan 432000, China.
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Jung JM, Park IJ, Park EJ, Son GM. Fluorescence-guided colorectal surgery: applications, clinical results, and protocols. Ann Surg Treat Res 2023; 105:252-263. [PMID: 38023438 PMCID: PMC10648611 DOI: 10.4174/astr.2023.105.5.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the rise of minimally invasive surgery has driven the development of surgical devices. Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging is receiving increased attention in colorectal surgery for improved intraoperative visualization and decision-making. ICG, approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 1959, rapidly binds to plasma proteins and is primarily intravascular. ICG absorption of near-infrared light (750-800 nm) and emission as fluorescence (830 nm) when bound to tissue proteins enhances deep tissue visualization. Applications include assessing anastomotic perfusion, identifying sentinel lymph nodes, and detecting colorectal cancer metastasis. However, standardized protocols and research on clinical outcomes remain limited. This study explores ICG's role, advantages, disadvantages, and potential clinical impact in colorectal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Min Jung
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Ja Park
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Jung Park
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gyung Mo Son
- Department of Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
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Albert M, Delgado-Herrera L, Paruch J, Gerritsen-van Schieveen P, Kishimoto T, Takusagawa S, Cai N, Fengler J, Raizer J. Pudexacianinium (ASP5354) chloride for ureter visualization in participants undergoing laparoscopic, minimally invasive colorectal surgery. Surg Endosc 2023; 37:7336-7347. [PMID: 37474823 PMCID: PMC10462524 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-023-10193-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intraoperative ureteral injury, a serious complication of abdominopelvic surgeries, can be avoided through ureter visualization. Near-infrared fluorescence imaging offers real-time anatomical visualization of ureters during surgery. Pudexacianinium (ASP5354) chloride is an indocyanine green derivative under investigation for intraoperative ureter visualization during colorectal or gynecologic surgery in adult and pediatric patients. METHODS In this phase 2 study (NCT04238481), adults undergoing laparoscopic colorectal surgery were randomized to receive one intravenous dose of pudexacianinium 0.3 mg, 1.0 mg, or 3.0 mg. The primary endpoint was successful intraoperative ureter visualization, defined as observation of ureter fluorescence 30 min after pudexacianinium administration and at end of surgery. Safety and pharmacokinetics were also assessed. RESULTS Participants received pudexacianinium 0.3 mg (n = 3), 1.0 mg (n = 6), or 3.0 mg (n = 3). Most participants were female (n = 10; 83.3%); median age was 54 years (range 24-69) and median BMI was 29.3 kg/m2 (range 18.7-38.1). Successful intraoperative ureter visualization occurred in 2/3, 5/6, and 3/3 participants who received pudexacianinium 0.3 mg, 1.0 mg, or 3.0 mg, respectively. Median intensity values per surgeon assessment were 1 (mild) with the 0.3-mg dose, 2 (moderate) with the 1.0-mg dose, and 3 (strong) with the 3.0-mg dose. A correlation was observed between qualitative (surgeon's recognition/identification of the ureter during surgery) and quantitative (video recordings of the surgeries after study completion) assessment of fluorescence intensity. Two participants experienced serious adverse events, none of which were drug-related toxicities. One adverse event (grade 1 proteinuria) was related to pudexacianinium. Plasma pudexacianinium concentrations were dose-dependent and the mean (± SD) percent excreted into urine during surgery was 22.3% ± 8.0% (0.3-mg dose), 15.6% ± 10.0% (1.0-mg dose), and 39.5% ± 12.4% (3.0-mg dose). CONCLUSIONS In this study, 1.0 and 3.0 mg pudexacianinium provided ureteral visualization for the duration of minimally invasive, laparoscopic colorectal procedures and was safe and well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Albert
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Advent Health, 2415 N Orange Ave Ste 300, Orlando, FL, 32804, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Na Cai
- Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc., Northbrook, IL, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey Raizer
- Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc., Northbrook, IL, USA
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Sene S, Dollinger J, Hammecker C, Lagacherie M, Negro S, Samouelian A. Potential of fluorescent tracers to appraise biochar amendment strategies for pesticide mitigation - insights from comparative sorption. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:92182-92192. [PMID: 37486469 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28821-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Mitigation of pesticide dispersion in soil and water is required to protect ecosystem health and the anthropic uses of water bodies. Biochar amendments have been suggested to reduce pesticide dispersion due to their high sorption potentials. Nevertheless, appraisals at different scales have been limited by the costs of pesticide analyses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of two fluorescent tracers, uranine (UR) and sulforhodamine B (SRB), for use as pesticide proxies in the context of biochar amendments used for mitigation purposes. Therefore, we compared the sorption processes of both fluorescent tracers and those of three pesticides, glyphosate, 2,4-D, and difenoconazole for soils; three wood biochars (pine, oak, and beech/charm blend); and soil/biochar mixtures representing agricultural usages. The results showed that the sorption of glyphosate by soil was unaffected by amendment with the tested pine, oak, and wood blend biochars. In contrast, the sorption coefficients of UR, SRB, 2,4-D, and difenoconazole were significantly increased with these biochar amendments. SRB, in particular, exhibited sorption behavior similar to that of the hydrophobic fungicide difenoconazole. This indicates promise for the use of SRB as a proxy for hydrophobic pesticides, in testing biochar amendments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seynabou Sene
- UMR LISAH, Université Montpellier, INRAE, IRD, Institut Agro, 34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Jeanne Dollinger
- UMR LISAH, Université Montpellier, INRAE, IRD, Institut Agro, 34060, Montpellier, France.
| | - Claude Hammecker
- UMR LISAH, Université Montpellier, INRAE, IRD, Institut Agro, 34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Manon Lagacherie
- UMR LISAH, Université Montpellier, INRAE, IRD, Institut Agro, 34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Sandrine Negro
- UMR LISAH, Université Montpellier, INRAE, IRD, Institut Agro, 34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Anatja Samouelian
- UMR LISAH, Université Montpellier, INRAE, IRD, Institut Agro, 34060, Montpellier, France
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Guang J, Fan W, Liu Z, Huang D. Synthesis of N,O-bidentate organic difluoroboron complexes and their photophysical studies. BMC Chem 2023; 17:53. [PMID: 37303046 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-023-00974-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We disclose a novel boron trifluoride induced C-H activation and difluoroboronation at room temperature, thus providing a straightforward gateway to a series of N,O-bidentate organic BF2 complexes. The scope of the method is demonstrated with 24 examples. All the synthesized compounds exhibit fluorescence and some of them have large Stokes shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Guang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian,, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Weibin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian,, China
| | - Zhiqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian,, China
| | - Deguang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian,, China.
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Tazawa K, Sasaki H. Three-dimensional cellular visualization in mouse apical periodontitis using combined whole-mount staining and optical tissue clearing. J Oral Biosci 2023; 65:132-135. [PMID: 36587735 PMCID: PMC10299740 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Apical periodontitis is an inflammatory disease involving lesions located within the jawbone. Histological evaluations generally require decalcification and sectioning, which has limited our understanding of the three-dimensional (3D) organization and spatial distribution of different immune cell types in these lesions. A recently developed technique combining tissue clearing and whole-mount immunofluorescent labeling allows us to acquire such information from the deep tissue without sectioning. However, whole-mount immunofluorescent labeling in the jawbone requires further development. Here we provide a straightforward and efficient protocol to achieve 3D immunofluorescent imaging of murine periapical lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Tazawa
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 N University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Sasaki
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 N University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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13
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Aaboub T, Boukhriss A, Gmouh S, Werts MHV. Determination of photoluminescence quantum yields in dilute solution using non-monochromatic excitation light. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023; 22:465-475. [PMID: 36269517 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00325-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The photoluminescence (PL) quantum yields (QYs) of fluorophores in dilute solutions can be determined fluorimetrically according to the comparative method employing standards of known PLQY. This method has recently been demonstrated to become more robust when the absorption of the excitation light and the PL emission are measured simultaneously using a transmitted light detector integrated in the fluorimeter. Herein, aided by fiber-coupled spectroscopic equipment and computerized data processing, we elaborate on this method by measuring the full corrected intensity spectrum of the excitation light transmitted through the sample. This further releases constraints on the monochromatic character of the excitation light and enables the use of broad-band excitation sources such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Furthermore, the protocol includes measurements at increasing dye concentration, rigorously verifying the required proportionality between absorbed and emitted light intensities. The PLQYs of solutions of fluorophores determined using the new method are in close agreement with published values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarik Aaboub
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Rennes, SATIE, Campus de Ker Lann, 35170, Bruz, France
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, SATIE-UMR8029, 35000, Rennes, France
- Univ Hassan II de Casablanca, LIMAT, 20000, Casablanca, Morocco
- Ecole Supérieure des Industries du Textile et de l'habillement, REMTEX, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Aicha Boukhriss
- Ecole Supérieure des Industries du Textile et de l'habillement, REMTEX, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Said Gmouh
- Univ Hassan II de Casablanca, LIMAT, 20000, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Martinus H V Werts
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Rennes, SATIE, Campus de Ker Lann, 35170, Bruz, France.
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, SATIE-UMR8029, 35000, Rennes, France.
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14
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Fernandes JR, Dos Santos LCF, Lamers ML. Applicability of autofluorescence and fluorescent probes in the trans-surgical of oral carcinomas: A systematic review. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 41:103238. [PMID: 36509404 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oral cancer represents an important health problem, as it is the sixth most common type of cancer in the world and is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. The treatment considered the gold standard for this type of tumor is surgical resection with negative margins, with a distance of at least 5 mm from the tumor. This procedure is strongly associated with local control and disease-specific survival, however, in many cases, large amounts of healthy tissue are removed, resulting in surgical defects, compromising various functions and directly affecting the individual's quality of life. From this perspective, this systematic review aimed to evaluate the use of autofluorescence and fluorescent probes as potential adjuvant techniques to facilitate the delineation of surgical margins for oral cancers. A comprehensive search was performed in Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, LIVIVO, Embase, ProQuest Open Access Dissertations & Theses, Open Access Theses and Dissertations, and DART Europe databases, where 1948 articles were found. After the different stages of critical evaluation, 15 articles were selected, eligible for the inclusion criteria. Of these, 7 articles used autofluorescence, 7 used fluorescent probes and 1 article used both methods. As for autofluorescence, the most used device was the VELScope, and indocyanine green was the most used probe. Compared to histopathology, autofluorescence did not obtain significant and/or superiors results. In contrast to fluorescent probes that, most articles showed a good performance of margins during surgical resection, making them a promising alternative. However, it is still necessary to carry out the analysis of more articles, with more significant samples and sensitivity and specificity data to qualify the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rodrigues Fernandes
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Lazzaron Lamers
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600, Porto Alegre, RS CEP 90035-003, Brazil.
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15
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Klier PEZ, Roo R, Miller EW. Fluorescent indicators for imaging membrane potential of organelles. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2022; 71:102203. [PMID: 36084425 PMCID: PMC10259174 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.102203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Plasma membrane potential is a key driver of the physiology of excitable cells like neurons and cardiomyocytes. Voltage-sensitive fluorescent indicators offer a powerful complement to traditional electrode-based approaches to measuring and monitoring membrane potential. Intracellular organelles can also generate membrane potential, yet the electrode- and fluorescent indicator-based approaches used for plasma membrane potential imaging are difficult to implement on intact organelles in their native environment. Here, we survey recent advances in developing and deploying voltage-sensitive fluorescent indicators to interrogate organelle membrane potential in intact cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel E Z Klier
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Ryan Roo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Evan W Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
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16
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Rastädter K, Tramontano A, Wurm DJ, Spadiut O, Quehenberger J. Flow cytometry-based viability staining: an at-line tool for bioprocess monitoring of Sulfolobus acidocaldarius. AMB Express 2022; 12:107. [PMID: 35947320 PMCID: PMC9365904 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-022-01447-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Determination of the viability, ratio of dead and live cell populations, of Sulfolobus acidocaldarius is still being done by tedious and material-intensive plating assays that can only provide time-lagged results. Although S. acidocaldarius, an extremophilic Archaeon thriving at 75 °C and pH 3.0, and related species harbor great potential for the exploitation as production hosts and biocatalysts in biotechnological applications, no industrial processes have been established yet. One hindrance is that during development and scaling of industrial bioprocesses timely monitoring of the impact of process parameters on the cultivated organism is crucial—a task that cannot be fulfilled by traditional plating assays. As alternative, flow cytometry (FCM) promises a fast and reliable method for viability assessment via the use of fluorescent dyes. In this study, commercially available fluorescent dyes applicable in S. acidocaldarius were identified. The dyes, fluorescein diacetate and concanavalin A conjugated with rhodamine, were discovered to be suitable for viability determination via FCM. For showing the applicability of the developed at-line tool for bioprocess monitoring, a chemostat cultivation on a defined growth medium at 75 °C, pH 3.0 was conducted. Over the timeframe of 800 h, this developed FCM method was compared to the plating assay by monitoring the change in viability upon controlled pH shifts. Both methods detected an impact on the viability at pH values of 2.0 and 1.5 when compared to pH 3.0. A logarithmic relationship between the viability observed via plating assay and via FCM was observed. Development of a flow cytometry (FCM) method for viability determination of S. acidocaldarius using the fluorescent dyes fluorescein diacetate and concanavalin A conjugated with rhodamine. Applicability of the developed method was shown via viability monitoring during a continuous cultivation with triggered pH shifts. A logarithmic trend was observed between the developed FCM method and the state-of-the-art method, plating assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Rastädter
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Tramontano
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Archaea Biology and Ecogenomics Unit, University of Vienna, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Oliver Spadiut
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julian Quehenberger
- Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, 1060, Vienna, Austria.
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17
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Solomonov AV, Marfin YS, Tesler AB, Merkushev DA, Bogatyreva EA, Antina EV, Rumyantsev EV, Shimanovich U. Dataset for the Synthesis of Boron-Dipyrrin Dyes, their fluorescent properties, their interaction with proteins, Triton-X-based surfactants, and micellar clusterization approaches to validation based on fluorescent dyes. Data Brief 2022; 43:108464. [PMID: 35911627 PMCID: PMC9326131 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2022.108464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The data presented here refer to the research article by Aleksei V. Solomonov, Yuriy S. Marfin, Alexander B. Tesler, Dmitry A. Merkushev, Elizaveta A. Bogatyreva, Elena V. Antina, Evgeniy V. Rumyantsev, and Ulyana Shimanovich "Spanning BODIPY fluorescence with self-assembled micellar clusters", Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 216, 2022, 112532. The present article provides details on optical characterization for a set of meso- and tetra-substituted boron-dipyrrin (BODIPY) complexes encapsulated inside of self-assembled Triton-X-based micellar coordination clusters (MCCs), based on Triton-X family surfactants. Changes in the optical properties of the BODIPY complexes upon interaction with bovine serum albumin, in a binary mixture of THF:H2O and titrated with Triton TX-114, were evaluated. The optical properties and the formation kinetics of the BODIPY-based MCCs and the BODIPY-supported micelle chelator aggregates (MCAs) are presented as well. The presented data provide additional insights into the structural and formation aspects of both the traditional and newly obtained micellar coordination clusters for their future optimization, control, and application. The synthetic procedures for the synthesis of a set of meso- and tetra-substituted BODIPY complexes and their optical properties in different media are also presented. The research is related to the paper (Solomonov et al., 2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksei V. Solomonov
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Yuriy S. Marfin
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, 7 Sheremetevskij prosp., Ivanovo 153000, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander B. Tesler
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 7 Martensstrasse, Erlangen 91056, Germany
| | - Dmitry A. Merkushev
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, 7 Sheremetevskij prosp., Ivanovo 153000, Russian Federation
| | - Elizaveta A. Bogatyreva
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, 7 Sheremetevskij prosp., Ivanovo 153000, Russian Federation
| | - Elena V. Antina
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Akademicheskaya St., Ivanovo 153045, Russian Federation
| | - Evgeniy V. Rumyantsev
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, 7 Sheremetevskij prosp., Ivanovo 153000, Russian Federation
- Ivanovo State Polytechnical University, 20 8th Marta St., Ivanovo 153037, Russian Federation
| | - Ulyana Shimanovich
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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18
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Sievert M, Oetter N, Mantsopoulos K, Gostian AO, Mueller SK, Koch M, Balk M, Thimsen V, Stelzle F, Eckstein M, Iro H, Goncalves M. Systematic classification of confocal laser endomicroscopy for the diagnosis of oral cavity carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2022; 132:105978. [PMID: 35749803 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.105978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) is an optical imaging technique that allows in vivo microscope-like images of the upper aerodigestive tract's mucosa in 1000-fold magnification. The assessment of morphological tissue characteristics for the correct differentiation between healthy and malignoma suspected mucosa requires strict evaluation criteria. This study aims to validate a score for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) diagnostic. METHODS We performed CLE and examined a total of twelve patients. All 95 sequences (778 s, 6224 images) originate from the area of the primary tumor 260 s, 2080 images) and unsuspicious mucosa of the oral cavity (518 s, 4144 images). Specimen were taken at corresponding locations and analyzed histologically in H&E staining as a reference standard. A total of eight examiners (four experienced and four inexperienced) evaluated the sequences based on a scoring system. The primary endpoints are sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. Secondary endpoints are inter-rater reliability and receiver operator characteristics. RESULTS Healthy mucosa showed epithelium with uniform size and shape with distinct cytoplasmic membranes and regular vessel architecture. CLE of malignant cells demonstrated a disorganized arrangement of variable cellular morphology. We calculated an accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 88.7 %, 90.1 %, 87.4 %, 87.5 %, and 90.0 %, respectively, with inter-rater reliability and κ-value of 0.775, and an area under the curve of 0.935. CONCLUSIONS The results confirm that this scoring system is applicable in the oral cavity mucosa to classify benign and malignant tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti Sievert
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicolai Oetter
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Mantsopoulos
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Antoniu-Oreste Gostian
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sarina K Mueller
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Koch
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Balk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vivian Thimsen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian Stelzle
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus Eckstein
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Heinrich Iro
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Miguel Goncalves
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, RWTH University of Aachen, Germany.
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Volkova O, Kuleshova A, Saletsky A. Spectroscopy study of dimerization of fluorone dyes in AOT reverse micelles. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2022; 268:120640. [PMID: 34838425 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The dimerization processes and its thermodynamic parameters of fluoronic dyes (fluorescein (F), eosin (E), erythrosine (ER), bengal rose (BR)) in reverse micelles of AOT with different hydrodynamic radius Rh are studied. The dimerization constants and its efficiency (the degree of dimerization of dye molecules (1-X)) were determined from the experimental data. It is found that an increase in the intercombination conversion due to the heavy atom effect leads to an increase of the value of (1-X). At the same time, the heavy atom effect affects the dye dimerization process for all the studied values of Rh. The linear dependence of (1-X) on Rh is observed. The slope of this dependence is affected by both the mass of the internal heavy atom and the charge of the anionic forms of dyes. It was found that there is a different structure of dye dimers for different Rh for all the studied systems - different angles α between the molecules in the dimer. A linear dependence of α on Rh is observed. At the same time, the growth gradients α(Rh) practically do not differ for F, E, and BR and they are of the greatest importance for the studied water-micellar solutions of dyes. The growth of α from Rh is insignificant for ER. The thermodynamic parameters (such as Gibbs potential ΔG, enthalpy (ΔH and entropy ΔS) were calculated from the experimentally measured dependences of the dimerization constant on the temperature. ΔH < 0 and ΔS < 0 in micellar solutions of the studied dyes at all values of Rh, that indicates that the dimerization reaction in the studied systems is controlled by enthalpy. The obtained linear relationship between TΔS and ΔH indicates the existence of enthalpy-entropy compensation in the dimeric reactions of the molecules of the studied dyes. The linear correlation observed between the values of TΔS and ΔH allowed us to establish that the higher the molecular weight of the halogen in the dye molecule, the more effectively an increase in ΔH contributes to the dimeric stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Volkova
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leniskie Gori, GSP-2, d.1, str. 2, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Anna Kuleshova
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leniskie Gori, GSP-2, d.1, str. 2, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Alexander Saletsky
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leniskie Gori, GSP-2, d.1, str. 2, Moscow 119991, Russia
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20
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Abstract
The defining characteristic of eukaryotic cells is the segregation of critical cellular functions within various membrane bound cellular organelles, including the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and mitochondria. Cell biologists therefore have extensively utilized organelle specific counterstains to help identify the localization of specific proteins or other targets of interest in order to garner an understanding of either their potential functions or their effects on the cell. There currently is a wide array of fluorescent dyes and reagents that can be utilized in live and fixed cells to identify organelles, thereby creating challenges in both choosing between the plethora of options and optimizing their use. Here we present a discussion of commonly utilized commercially available organelle dyes and summarize the factors that influence selection of the various dyes for: a given organelle; live versus fixed cellular conditions; adaptation to a specific protocol; spectral multiplexing; or matching excitation/emission spectra to available imaging equipment. Also presented are recommended protocols for a typical example reagent that can be reliably utilized to visualize its target cellular organelle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Paul Foster
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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21
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Rosenstock TR, Sun C, Hughes GW, Winter K, Sarkar S. Analysis of Mitochondrial Dysfunction by Microplate Reader in hiPSC-Derived Neuronal Cell Models of Neurodegenerative Disorders. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2549:1-21. [PMID: 35347693 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2021_451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are responsible for many vital pathways governing cellular homeostasis, including cellular energy management, heme biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, cellular proliferation and differentiation, cell cycle regulation, and cellular viability. Electron transport and ADP phosphorylation coupled with proton pumping through the mitochondrial complexes contribute to the preservation of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). Importantly, mitochondrial polarization is essential for reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cytosolic calcium (Ca2+) handling. Thus, changes in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), ΔΨm, and ATP/ADP may occur in parallel or stimulate each other. Brain cells like neurons are heavily reliant on mitochondrial OXPHOS for its high-energy demands, and hence improper mitochondrial function is detrimental for neuronal survival. Indeed, several neurodegenerative disorders are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Modeling this disease-relevant phenotype in neuronal cells differentiated from patient-derived human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) provide an appropriate cellular platform for studying the disease pathology and drug discovery. In this review, we describe high-throughput analysis of crucial parameters related to mitochondrial function in hiPSC-derived neurons. These methodologies include measurement of ΔΨm, intracellular Ca2+, oxidative stress, and ATP/ADP levels using fluorescence probes via a microplate reader. Benefits of such an approach include analysis of mitochondrial parameters on a large population of cells, simultaneous analysis of different cell lines and experimental conditions, and for drug screening to identify compounds restoring mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana R Rosenstock
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Pharmacology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Bioscience, Sygnature Discovery, BioCity, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Congxin Sun
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Georgina Wynne Hughes
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Katherine Winter
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sovan Sarkar
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK.
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22
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Farrakhova D, Maklygina Y, Romanishkin I, Yakovlev D, Plyutinskaya A, Bezdetnaya L, Loschenov V. Fluorescence imaging analysis of distribution of indocyanine green in molecular and nanoform in tumor model. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 37:102636. [PMID: 34808398 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficient intraoperative identification of tumors requires the development of highly specific near-infrared (NIR) probes as contrast agents. One of the most effective dyes existing in clinic oncology is Indocyanine Green (ICG). However, ICG has a rapid excretion, thus ruling out its extended accumulation in pathological tissues therefore limiting its clinical applications. ICG colloid solution (ICG NPs) consists predominantly of J-aggregates and to a lesser extent of H-aggregates and monomers. In the present study we assessed the spectral properties of ICG nanoforms in preclinical models. METHODS We used optical spectroscopy and video fluorescence navigation to monitor accumulation and distribution of ICG monomers and ICG NPs in various tissues in mice with xenografted laryngopharyngeal carcinoma after intravenous drugs injection. RESULTS After i.v. injection, the molecular form of ICG was not retained in the tumor and its circulation cycle averaged 5 min. Alternatively, the nanoform of the drug had a different pharmacokinetics, reaching maximum accumulation 24 h after intravenous injection. Moreover, once in the circulation, we observed a progressive accumulation in the tumor of both ICG H-aggregates and ICG monomers, but not J-aggregates. CONCLUSION Spectral characteristics of ICG NPs indicated the presence of several fractions, namely, J- and H-aggregates along with molecular forms. These fractions had different fluorescence spectra, allowing us to track the transformation of the drug in vivo conditions. After ICG NPs administration, J-aggregates induce accumulation of monomeric forms in the tumor, enabling extended intraoperative diagnostic, and as such further studies of J-aggregates for theranostic applications in oncological surgery are of great interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Farrakhova
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Science, Vavilova str.38, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Yulia Maklygina
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Science, Vavilova str.38, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Igor Romanishkin
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Science, Vavilova str.38, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Dmitry Yakovlev
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Science, Vavilova str.38, Moscow 119991, Russia; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Science, Miklukho-Maklaya str., 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Anna Plyutinskaya
- National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 2nd Botkin Ave. 3, Moscow 125284, Russia
| | - Lina Bezdetnaya
- Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, Campus Sciences Boulevard des Aiguillettes BP 70239 54506 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy Cedex, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy 54519, France; Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, 6 Av. de Bourgogne, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy 54519, France
| | - Victor Loschenov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Science, Vavilova str.38, Moscow 119991, Russia; National Research Nuclear University "MEPhI", Kashirskoe shosse, 31, Moscow 115409, Russia
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23
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Yamada M, Miller DM, Lowe M, Rowe C, Wood D, Soyer HP, Byrnes-Blake K, Parrish-Novak J, Ishak L, Olson JM, Brandt G, Griffin P, Spelman L, Prow TW. A first-in-human study of BLZ-100 (tozuleristide) demonstrates tolerability and safety in skin cancer patients. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2021; 23:100830. [PMID: 34401600 PMCID: PMC8355837 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2021.100830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BLZ-100 (tozuleristide) is an intraoperative fluorescent imaging agent that selectively detects malignant tissue and can be used in real time to guide tumor resection. The purpose of this study was to assess the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of BLZ-100 and to explore the pharmacodynamics of fluorescence imaging of skin tumors. In this first-in-human study, BLZ-100 was administered intravenously to 21 adult patients 2 days before excising known or suspected skin cancers. Doses were 1, 3, 6, 12, and 18 mg, with 3-6 patients/cohort. Fluorescence imaging was conducted before and up to 48 h after dosing. BLZ-100 was well tolerated. There were no serious adverse events, deaths, or discontinuations due to adverse events, and no maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was identified. Headache (n = 2) and nausea (n = 2) were the only BLZ-100 treatment-related adverse events reported for >1 patient. Median time to maximal serum concentration was <0.5 h. Exposure based on maximal serum concentrations increased in a greater than dose-proportional manner. For intermediate dose-levels (3-12 mg), 4 of 5 basal cell carcinomas and 4 of 4 melanomas were considered positive for BLZ-100 fluorescence. BLZ-100 was well tolerated at all dose levels tested and these results support further clinical testing of this imaging agent in surgical oncology settings. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02097875.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miko Yamada
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dennis M Miller
- Blaze Bioscience, Inc., Seattle, WA, USA.,Blaze Bioscience Australia Pty Ltd, Caulfield North, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melinda Lowe
- Medicines Development Limited, Southbank, Victoria, Australia
| | - Casey Rowe
- Veracity Clinical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Q-Pharm Pty Ltd, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, And Mater Hospital and Mater Research, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - H Peter Soyer
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | | | - James M Olson
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Paul Griffin
- Q-Pharm Pty Ltd, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, And Mater Hospital and Mater Research, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lynda Spelman
- Veracity Clinical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tarl W Prow
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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24
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Son GM, Ahn HM, Lee IY, Ha GW. Multifunctional Indocyanine Green Applications for Fluorescence-Guided Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery. Ann Coloproctol 2021; 37:133-140. [PMID: 34102813 PMCID: PMC8273708 DOI: 10.3393/ac.2021.05.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Indocyanine green (ICG) could be applied for multiple functions such as fluorescent tumor localization, fluorescence lymph node mapping (FLNM), and intraoperative angiography in colorectal cancer surgery. With the near-infrared (NIR) systems, colonoscopic ICG tattooing can be used to define the early colorectal cancer that cannot be easily distinguished through the serosal surface. The lymphatic pathways can be visualized under the NIR system when ICG is injected through the submucosal or subserosal layer around the tumor. Intraoperative ICG angiography can be applied to find a favorable perfusion segment before the colon transection. Although all fluorescence functions are considered essential steps in image-guided surgery, it is difficult to perform multifunctional ICG applications in a single surgical procedure at once because complex protocols could interfere with each other. Therefore, we review the multifunctional ICG applications for fluorescent tumor localization, FLNM, and ICG angiography. We also discuss the optimal protocol for fluorescence-guided colorectal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyung Mo Son
- Department of Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea.,Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea.,Medical Research Center, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Hong-Min Ahn
- Department of Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - In Young Lee
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea.,Medical Research Center, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Gi Won Ha
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
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25
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Ahn HM, Son GM, Lee IY, Shin DH, Kim TK, Park SB, Kim HW. Optimal ICG dosage of preoperative colonoscopic tattooing for fluorescence-guided laparoscopic colorectal surgery. Surg Endosc 2021; 36:1152-1163. [PMID: 33638107 PMCID: PMC8758609 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-021-08382-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Indocyanine green (ICG) is a multifunctional dye used in tumor localization, tissue perfusion, and lymph node (LN) mapping during fluorescence-guided laparoscopic colorectal surgery. Purpose This study aimed to establish the optimal protocol for preoperative endoscopic submucosal ICG injection to perform fluorescence lymph node mapping (FLNM), along with undisturbed fluorescent tumor localization and ICG angiography during a single surgery. Methods Colorectal cancer patients (n = 192) were enrolled from May 2017 to December 2019. Colonoscopic submucosal ICG injection was performed 12 to 18 h before surgery. ICG injection protocols were modified based on the total injected ICG (mg) and tattooing site number. The concentrations of ICG were gradually decreased from the standard dose (2.5 mg/ml) to the minimum dose (0.2 mg/ml). Successful FLNM (FLNM-s) was defined as distinct fluorescent LNs observed under NIR camera. The patient’s age, sex, body mass index (BMI), stage, cancer location, obstruction, and laboratory findings were compared between the FLNM-s and failed FLNM (FLNM-f) groups to identify clinical and pathological factors that affect FLNM. Results In the ICG dose section of 0.5 to 1 mg, the success rate was highest within all functions including FLNM, fluorescent tumor localization, and ICG angiography. FLNM-s was related to ICG dose (0.5–1 mg), multiple submucosal injections, location of cancer, camera light source, and lower BMI. In the multivariate analysis, camera light source, non-obesity, and multiple injections were independent factors for FLNM-s). The mean total number of harvested LNs was significantly higher in the FLNM-s group than that in the FLNM-f group (p < 0.001). The number of metastatic lymph nodes was comparable between the two groups (p = 0.859). Conclusions Preoperative, endoscopic submucosal ICG injection with dose range 0.5 to 1 mg would be optimal protocol for multifunctional ICG applications during fluorescence-guided laparoscopic colorectal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Min Ahn
- Department of Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, 50612, 20, Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Yangsan, Korea.,Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Gyung Mo Son
- Department of Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, 50612, 20, Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Yangsan, Korea. .,Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea. .,Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea.
| | - In Young Lee
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea.,Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Dong-Hoon Shin
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea.,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Tae Kyun Kim
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea.,Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Su Bum Park
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Hyung Wook Kim
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
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26
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Lima IFP, Brand LM, de Figueiredo JAP, Steier L, Lamers ML. Use of autofluorescence and fluorescent probes as a potential diagnostic tool for oral cancer: A systematic review. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 33:102073. [PMID: 33232819 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prognosis of patients with Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are directly related to the stage of development of the tumor at the time of diagnosis, but it is estimated an average delay in diagnosis of 2-5 months. New non-invasive techniques for the early diagnosis of OSCC are being developed, such as methodologies to detect spectral changes of tumor cells. We conducted a systematic review to analyze the potential use of autofluorescence and/or fluorescent probes for OSCC diagnosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Four databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science) were used as research sources. Protocol was registered with PROSPERO. It was included studies that evaluated tissue autofluorescence and/or used fluorescent probes as a method of diagnosing and/or treatment of oral cancer in humans. RESULTS Forty-five studies were selected for this systematic review, of which 28 dealt only with autofluorescence, 18 on fluorescent probes and 1 evaluated both methods. The VELscope® was the most used device for autofluorescence, exhibiting sensitivity (33%-100%) and specificity (12%-88.6%). 5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) was the most used fluorescent probe, exhibiting high sensitivity (90%-100%) and specificity (51.3%-96%). Hypericin, rhodamine 6 G, rhodamine 610, porphyrin and γ-glutamyl hydroxymethyl rhodamine green have also been reported. CONCLUSION Thus, the autofluorescence and fluorescent probes can provide an accurate diagnosis of oral cancer, assisting the dentist during daily clinical activity, but it is not yet possible to suggest that this method may replace histopathological examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Felipe Pereira Lima
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiza Meurer Brand
- Academic in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - José Antônio Poli de Figueiredo
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Liviu Steier
- Division of Restorative Dentistry, Penn Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marcelo Lazzaron Lamers
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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27
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Lodeiro C, Capelo-Martínez JL. Lights and colours: Science, Techniques and Surveillance for the Future - 4th IC3EM 2020, Caparica, Portugal. Dyes Pigm 2020; 182:108660. [PMID: 32834207 PMCID: PMC7333610 DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2020.108660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
•Special Issue on 4th IC3EM 2020.•Science, Techniques, Surveillance.•The importance of Science.•Fluorescent dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Lodeiro
- BIOSCOPE Group, LAQV@REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
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28
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Fontana C, Reyes J. Cell Enumeration of Leptospira by Flow Cytometry. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2134:31-40. [PMID: 32632857 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0459-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Rapid and reliable enumeration of Leptospira spp., the causative agent of leptospirosis, represents a technical challenge because leptospires are thin, highly motile, and slow-growing bacteria. The current gold standard for cell enumeration is the use of a Petroff-Hausser counting chamber and a dark-field microscope, but this method remains time-consuming and lacks reproducibility. New alternative techniques are then of great interest. Here we describe the protocol for counting leptospires by flow cytometry. This method is rapid, reproducible, sensitive, and hence suitable to become a new standard to enumerate Leptospira spp.
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29
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Abstract
The development of new fluorescent dyes-new fluorochromes-has a large potential to improve the established methods in enzymology, by empowering both detection capability and the scope of the individual method. Unfortunately, there are huge barriers when adopting new improved fluorescent dyes in established methods. The dyes have to be generally available, protocols for labeling and analysis must be in place, and the field has to be aware how the new improved dye can enhance their method of choice. In this chapter, we will address these issues for the triangulenium dyes. A class of dyes that has a long fluorescence lifetime and emission in the red. A unique combination that opens up new possibilities for the study of protein rotational motion, when developing fluorescence polarization (FP) assays, and for all time-resolved imaging or analysis platforms. To make these dyes generally available, the features of the long fluorescence lifetime triangulenium dyes are described and an optimized labelling protocol are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo W Laursen
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sidsel A Bogh
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Just Sørensen
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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30
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Benito V, Etxebarria J, Goñi-de-Cerio F, Gonzalez I, Brettes P, Urkiaga A. Better understanding of the activated sludge process combining fluorescence-based methods and flow cytometry: A case study. J Environ Sci (China) 2020; 90:51-58. [PMID: 32081340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to demonstrate the validity of fluorescence-based methods, together with flow cytometry, as a complementary tool to conventional physicochemical analyses carried out in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), for the control of the currently largely unknown activated sludge process. Staining with SYTO 9, propidium iodide and 5-(and 6)-carboxy-2',7'-difluorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (carboxy-H2DFFDA) was used for cell viability and oxidative stress monitoring of the bacterial population forming the activated sludge of a WWTP. Throughout the period of research, several unstable periods were detected, where the non-viable bacteria exceeded the 75% of the total bacterial population in the activated sludge, but only in one case the cells with oxidative stress grew to 9%, exceeding the typical values of 2%-5% of this plant. These periods coincided in two cases with high values of total suspended solids (SST) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the effluent, and with an excess of ammonia in other case. A correlation between flow cytometric and physicochemical data was found, which enabled to clarify the possible origin of each case of instability in the biological system. This experience supports the application of bacterial fluorescence staining, together with flow cytometric analysis, as a simple, rapid and reliable tool for the control and better understanding of the bacteria dynamics in a biological wastewater treatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Benito
- GAIKER, Parque Tecnológico, Ed. 202, 48170, Zamudio, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | | | | | - Iñigo Gonzalez
- EDAR Galindo, Bilbao Bizkaia Water Consortium, Sestao 48910, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Pilar Brettes
- GAIKER, Parque Tecnológico, Ed. 202, 48170, Zamudio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Ana Urkiaga
- GAIKER, Parque Tecnológico, Ed. 202, 48170, Zamudio, Bizkaia, Spain
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31
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Xiao H, Pradhan S, Ran X, Ran Y. Tinea capitis: dermoscopy and calcium fluorescent microscopy as highly efficient and precise diagnostic tools. An Bras Dermatol 2020; 95:332-335. [PMID: 32276798 PMCID: PMC7253880 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tinea capitis comprising of tinea favosa and kerion is mostly seen in school-aged children. Some tinea capitis often presented with insignificant findings under the naked eyes are easily overlooked. The authors describe an unusual case of tinea capitis caused by Trichophyton violaceum. The patient was an 8-year-old girl, with a history of pruritus on the scalp for more than one year. A diagnosis of tinea capitis was confirmed by clinical examination aided by dermoscopy, calcium fluorescent microscopy and culture. Comma and corkscrew hairs are two specific dermoscopic patterns of tinea capitis. The patient was treated with systemic itraconazole, topical application with 1% naftifine 0.25% ketoconazole cream followed after daily hair wash with 2% ketoconazole shampoo for 8 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xiao
- Department of Dermatovenereology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Sushmita Pradhan
- Department of Dermatovenereology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Xin Ran
- Department of Dermatovenereology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yuping Ran
- Department of Dermatovenereology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
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32
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Ueno T, Oyama K, Hyung YJ, Ueno S, Oyama Y. Triphenyltin disrupts intracellular Zn 2+ homeostasis in rat thymic lymphocytes. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 65:104782. [PMID: 31982641 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Triphenyltin (TPT), previously used as an agricultural fungicide and industrial antifoulant, is now considered an environmental pollutant. The effect of TPT on human health is concerning due to its presence as a contaminant in seafood. In this study, the changes in intracellular Zn2+ concentration ([Zn2+]i) and cellular content of nonprotein thiols ([NPT]i) induced by triphenyltin chloride (TPTCH), were measured in rat thymic lymphocytes. This was studied by flow-cytometry using the fluorescent probes FluoZin-3-AM and 5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate (5-CMF-DA). Incubation with TPTCH, at 0.1 μM or more (up to 3 μM), increased [Zn2+]i in a concentration-dependent manner. The TPTCH-induced elevation in [Zn2+]i was due to the increase in membrane Zn2+ permeability and intracellular Zn2+ release. Incubation with TPTCH at 0.3 μM significantly increased [NPT]i levels, whereas the addition of an intracellular Zn2+ chelator had no effect on the same. TPT at higher concentrations (1 or 3 μM) reduced [NPT]i. TPT may disturb intracellular Zn2+ signaling in lymphocytes that disturbs cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiya Ueno
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan
| | - Keisuke Oyama
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan
| | - Youn Jae Hyung
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan
| | - Shinya Ueno
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan
| | - Yasuo Oyama
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan.
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Liu H, Song W, Gröninger D, Zhang L, Lu Y, Chan KS, Zhou Z, Rurack K, Shen Z. Real-time monitoring of newly acidified organelles during autophagy enabled by reaction-based BODIPY dyes. Commun Biol 2019; 2:442. [PMID: 31815197 PMCID: PMC6883057 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0682-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Real-time monitoring of newly acidified organelles during autophagy in living cells is highly desirable for a better understanding of intracellular degradative processes. Herein, we describe a reaction-based boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) dye containing strongly electron-withdrawing diethyl 2-cyanoacrylate groups at the α-positions. The probe exhibits intense red fluorescence in acidic organelles or the acidified cytosol while exhibiting negligible fluorescence in other regions of the cell. The underlying mechanism is a nucleophilic reaction at the central meso-carbon of the indacene core, resulting in the loss of π-conjugation entailed by dramatic spectroscopic changes of more than 200 nm between its colorless, non-fluorescent leuco-BODIPY form and its red and brightly emitting form. The reversible transformation between red fluorescent BODIPY and leuco-BODIPY along with negligible cytotoxicity qualifies such dyes for rapid and direct intracellular lysosome imaging and cytosolic acidosis detection simultaneously without any washing step, enabling the real-time monitoring of newly acidified organelles during autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanzhuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210046 China
| | - Wenting Song
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210046 China
| | - Delia Gröninger
- Chemical and Optical Sensing Division, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 225600 China
| | - Yinghong Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 225600 China
| | - Kin Shing Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210046 China
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhikuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210046 China
| | - Knut Rurack
- Chemical and Optical Sensing Division, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Zhen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210046 China
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Lorenzer C, Winkler J. Covalent Fluorophore Labeling of Oligonucleotides and Generation of Other Oligonucleotide Bioconjugates. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1943:61-72. [PMID: 30838609 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9092-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Oligonucleotide conjugates have already reached considerable importance in life science research and oligonucleotide drug development. Since the preparation of oligonucleotide conjugates depends critically on the chemical nature of the used ligand and linker, there is no general and universal procedure. Here, we present a detailed, quick, and facile protocol for attaching fluorescent dyes or cross-linkers of variable chemical stability to oligonucleotides at 3'- or 5'-aminoalkyl handles. Purification and removal of educts and side-products and structural verification by gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry are presented. Aspects for adapting this protocol for other reaction sites at the oligonucleotide are discussed. We highlight important issues for generating oligonucleotide conjugates with other molecules, including peptide, proteins, and small molecules for receptor-targeting applications. The methodology is suitable for oligonucleotides with various modifications, including stabilized antisense, siRNAs, and miRNAs.
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35
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Andrzejewska A, Jablonska A, Seta M, Dabrowska S, Walczak P, Janowski M, Lukomska B. Labeling of human mesenchymal stem cells with different classes of vital stains: robustness and toxicity. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:187. [PMID: 31238982 PMCID: PMC6593614 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1296-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation has been explored as a new clinical approach to repair injured tissues. However, in order to evaluate the therapeutic activity of MSC, cell tracking techniques are required to determine the fate of transplanted cells in both preclinical and clinical studies. In these aspects, different vital stains offer the potential for labeling and monitoring of grafted cells in vivo. It is desirable to have tracking agents which have long-term stability, are not toxic to the cells, and do not affect cell function. Methods Here, we selected three different labels: CellTracker™ Green CMFDA, eGFP-mRNA (genetic pre-tag), and Molday ION Rhodamine B™ (nanoparticle-based fluorescent and magnetic label) and performed extensive analysis of their influence on in vitro expansion of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs), as well as potential of affecting therapeutic activity and the impact on the durability of staining. Results Our study showed that basic hBM-MSC characteristics and functions might be affected by labeling. We observed strong alterations of metabolic activity and morphology after eGFP and CellTracker™ Green CMFDA hBM-MSC staining. Molday ION Rhodamine B™ labeling revealed superior properties relatively to other vital stains. The relative expression level of most of the investigated growth factors remained stable after cell labeling, but we have observed some changes in the case of EGF, GDNF, HGF, and IGF gene expression. Conclusions Taken together, we suggest performing similar to ours extensive analysis prior to using any cell label to tag MSC in experiments, as it can thoroughly bias results. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-019-1296-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Andrzejewska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Jablonska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Martyna Seta
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Dabrowska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Walczak
- Division of MR Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Miroslaw Janowski
- Division of MR Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Barbara Lukomska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
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Couchoud M, Der C, Girodet S, Vernoud V, Prudent M, Leborgne-Castel N. Drought stress stimulates endocytosis and modifies membrane lipid order of rhizodermal cells of Medicago truncatula in a genotype-dependent manner. BMC Plant Biol 2019; 19:221. [PMID: 31138155 PMCID: PMC6537417 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1814-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drought stress negatively affects plant growth and productivity. Plants sense soil drought at the root level but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. At the cell level, we aim to reveal the short-term root perception of drought stress through membrane dynamics. RESULTS In our study, 15 Medicago truncatula accessions were exposed to a polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced drought stress, leading to contrasted ecophysiological responses, in particular related to root architecture plasticity. In the reference accession Jemalong A17, identified as drought susceptible, we analyzed lateral roots by imaging of membrane-localized fluorescent probes using confocal microscopy. We found that PEG stimulated endocytosis especially in cells belonging to the growth differentiation zone (GDZ). The mapping of membrane lipid order in cells along the root apex showed that membranes of root cap cells were more ordered than those of more differentiated cells. Moreover, PEG triggered a significant increase in membrane lipid order of rhizodermal cells from the GDZ. We initiated the membrane analysis in the drought resistant accession HM298, which did not reveal such membrane modifications in response to PEG. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrated that the plasma membranes of root cells from a susceptible genotype perceived drought stress by modulating their physical state both via a stimulation of endocytosis and a modification of the degree of lipid order, which could be proposed as mechanisms required for signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mégane Couchoud
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, University of Bourgogne, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Christophe Der
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, University of Bourgogne, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Sylvie Girodet
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, University of Bourgogne, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Vanessa Vernoud
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, University of Bourgogne, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Marion Prudent
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, University of Bourgogne, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Nathalie Leborgne-Castel
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, University of Bourgogne, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
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37
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Bergenheim F, Seidelin JB, Pedersen MT, Mead BE, Jensen KB, Karp JM, Nielsen OH. Fluorescence-based tracing of transplanted intestinal epithelial cells using confocal laser endomicroscopy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:148. [PMID: 31133056 PMCID: PMC6537188 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1246-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intestinal stem cell transplantation has been shown to promote mucosal healing and to engender fully functional epithelium in experimental colitis. Hence, stem cell therapies may provide an innovative approach to accomplish mucosal healing in patients with debilitating conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease. However, an approach to label and trace transplanted cells, in order to assess engraftment efficiency and to monitor wound healing, is a key hurdle to overcome prior to initiating human studies. Genetic engineering is commonly employed in animal studies, but may be problematic in humans due to potential off-target and long-term adverse effects. Methods We investigated the applicability of a panel of fluorescent dyes and nanoparticles to label intestinal organoids for visualization using the clinically approved imaging modality, confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE). Staining homogeneity, durability, cell viability, differentiation capacity, and organoid forming efficiency were evaluated, together with visualization of labeled organoids in vitro and ex vivo using CLE. Results 5-Chloromethylfluorescein diacetate (CMFDA) proved to be suitable as it efficiently stained all organoids without transfer to unstained organoids in co-cultures. No noticeable adverse effects on viability, organoid growth, or stem cell differentiation capacity were observed, although single-cell reseeding revealed a dose-dependent reduction in organoid forming efficiency. Labeled organoids were easily identified in vitro using CLE for a duration of at least 3 days and could additionally be detected ex vivo following transplantation into murine experimental colitis. Conclusions It is highly feasible to use fluorescent dye-based labeling in combination with CLE to trace intestinal organoids following transplantation to confirm implantation at the intestinal target site. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-019-1246-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Bergenheim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2730, Herlev, Denmark.
| | - Jakob B Seidelin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | | | - Benjamin E Mead
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts, Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kim B Jensen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), Faculty of Medical and Health, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeffrey M Karp
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts, Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 02115, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 02139, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ole Haagen Nielsen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
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Abstract
To infect host cells, viruses have to gain access to the intracellular compartment. The infection process starts with the attachment of viruses to the cell surface. Then a complex series of events, highly dynamic, tightly intricate, and often hard to investigate, follows. This includes virus displacement at the plasma membrane, binding to receptors, signaling, internalization, and release of the viral genome and material into the cytosol. In the past decades, the emergence of sensitive, accurate fluorescence-based technologies has opened new perspectives of investigations in the field. Visualization of single viral particles in fixed and living cells as well as quantification of each virus entry step has been made possible. Here we describe the procedure to fluorescently label viral particles. We also illustrate how to use this powerful tool to decipher the entry of viruses with the most recent fluorescence-based techniques such as high-speed confocal and total internal reflection microscopy, flow cytometry, and fluorimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja B Hoffmann
- From CellNetworks Cluster of Excellence and Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Magalie Mazelier
- From CellNetworks Cluster of Excellence and Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Psylvia Léger
- From CellNetworks Cluster of Excellence and Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pierre-Yves Lozach
- From CellNetworks Cluster of Excellence and Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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40
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Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster is a popular model organism in molecular genetics and cell biology. Various Drosophila tissues have been successfully used for studying autophagy, and our knowledge about the genetic regulation of this process is constantly growing. It is important to use assays that distinguish between non-selective autophagy and the selective forms. Here we introduce a selection of proven methods, which, taking into account their limitations, are suitable to measure non-selective autophagy in Drosophila fat and other tissues.
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Abstract
Electroporation is an efficient method of transferring charged macromolecules into living cells in order to study their morphology, function, and connectivity within neuronal networks. Labeling cells with fluorophore-coupled macromolecules can be used to trace projections of whole neuronal ensembles, as well as the fine morphology of single cells. Here, we present a protocol to visualize pre- and postsynaptic components of a sensory relay synapse in the brain, using the olfactory system of Xenopus laevis tadpoles as a model. We apply bulk electroporation to trace projections of receptor neurons from the nose to the brain, and single cell electroporation to visualize the morphology of their synaptic target cells, the mitral-tufted cells. Labeling the receptor neurons with a calcium-sensitive dye allows us to record stimulus-induced presynaptic input to the dendrites of the postsynaptic cells via functional calcium imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Weiss
- Department of Animal Physiology and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Animal Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas Offner
- Department of Animal Physiology and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Animal Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Hassenklöver
- Department of Animal Physiology and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Animal Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ivan Manzini
- Department of Animal Physiology and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Animal Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany. .,Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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Abstract
The ER is a highly dynamic network of tubules and membrane sheets. Hence imaging this organelle in its native and mobile state is of great importance. Here we describe methods of labeling the native ER using fluorescent proteins and lipid dyes as well as methods for immunolabeling on plant tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Hawes
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, OX3 0BP, Oxford, UK.
| | - Pengwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Verena Kriechbaumer
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, OX3 0BP, Oxford, UK
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Tangaraj V, Janot JM, Jaber M, Bechelany M, Balme S. Adsorption and photophysical properties of fluorescent dyes over montmorillonite and saponite modified by surfactant. Chemosphere 2017; 184:1355-1361. [PMID: 28687034 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.06.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the adsorption capacities of two intercalated smectites, CTAB-saponite and CTAB-montmorillonite with a cationic surfactant, were investigated with three fluorescent dyes namely Rhodamine 640 perchlorate rhodamine (Rho), sulforhodamine B (SR) and Kiton red 620 (KR). The adsorption isotherms fit well with the non-linear Langmuir isotherm model and the maximum adsorption capacities of all the composites are determined. The photophysical properties such as anisotropy and fluorescence lifetime of all the fluorescent dyes over the clay materials are determined. The set of experimental data based on X-Ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Thermal analysis (TG-DTA) and fluorescence measurements allow highlighting the presence or the absence of interactions between the dyes and the modified clay minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhyadevi Tangaraj
- Institut Européen des Membranes, UMR 5635, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Jean-Marc Janot
- Institut Européen des Membranes, UMR 5635, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Maguy Jaber
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8220, Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), Boîte Courrier 225, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Mikhael Bechelany
- Institut Européen des Membranes, UMR 5635, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Sebastien Balme
- Institut Européen des Membranes, UMR 5635, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
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Włodarczyk M, Zdybel J, Próchniak M, Osiński Z, Karamon J, Kłapeć T, Cencek T. Viability assessment of Ascaris suum eggs stained with fluorescent dyes using digital colorimetric analysis. Exp Parasitol 2017; 178:7-13. [PMID: 28479276 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to develop a method for the colorimetric evaluation of nematode eggs using appropriate instruments. The materials for the study were live and dead (inactivated) eggs of the Ascaris suum. Viability of the eggs was assessed using four different kits for fluorescent staining (for each technique, a series of photos were taken). Images of stained eggs were analysed using graphic software with RGB (red-green-blue) function. The viability of the eggs was assessed according to the relative positions of the distributions of colour intensities of live or dead eggs - distributions area's overlap index (DAOI), and distributions area's separation index (DASI) were calculated. Computer analysis of the intensity of green colour was not satisfactory. However, analysis of images in the spectrum of red colour proved useful for the effective differentiation between live or dead eggs. The best parameters were observed using the Annexin V FITC Apoptosis Detection Kit (DASI = 41 and 67). The investigation confirmed the usefulness of fluorescent dyes used in conjunction with digital analysis for the assessment of the viability of A. suum eggs. The use of computer software allowed a better objectivity of the assessment, especially in the case of doubtful staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Włodarczyk
- Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy, Al. Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Jolanta Zdybel
- Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy, Al. Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland.
| | - Marek Próchniak
- Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy, Al. Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Osiński
- Department of Hygiene of Animal Feedingstuffs, National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy, Al. Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Jacek Karamon
- Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy, Al. Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Teresa Kłapeć
- Department of Biological Health Hazards and Parasitology, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Cencek
- Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy, Al. Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
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45
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Kong CHT, Rog-Zielinska EA, Orchard CH, Kohl P, Cannell MB. Sub-microscopic analysis of t-tubule geometry in living cardiac ventricular myocytes using a shape-based analysis method. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 108:1-7. [PMID: 28483597 PMCID: PMC5529290 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Transverse-axial tubules (TTs) are key structures involved in cardiac excitation-contraction coupling and can become deranged in disease. Although optical measurement of TTs is frequently employed to assess TT abundance and regularity, TT dimensions are generally below the diffraction limit of optical microscopy so determination of tubule size is problematic. TT diameter was measured by labeling both local surface membrane area and volume with fluorescent probes (FM4-64 and calcein, respectively), correcting image asymmetry by image processing and using the relationship between surface area and volume for a geometric primitive. This method shows that TTs have a mean (± SEM) diameter of 356 ± 18 nm in rabbit and 169 ± 15 nm in mouse (p < 0.001). Rabbit TT diameters were more variable than those of mouse (p < 0.01) and the smallest TT detected was 41 nm in mouse and the largest 695 nm in rabbit. These estimates are consistent with TT diameters derived from the more limited sampling of high-pressure frozen samples by electron tomography (which examines only a small fraction of the cell volume). Other measures of TT abundance and geometry (such as volume, membrane fractions and direction) were also derived. On the physiological time scale of E-C coupling (milliseconds), the average TT electrical space constant is ~ 175 μm in rabbit and ~ 120 μm in mouse and is ~ 50% of the steady-state space constant. This is sufficient to ensure reasonable electrical uniformity across normal cells. The image processing strategy and shape-based 3D approach to feature quantification is also generally applicable to other problems in quantification of sub-cellular anatomy. Living cardiomyocytes were dual-labeled with fluorescent surface and volume probes. A novel 3D image processing strategy enabled calculation of t-tubule diameter. The method shows rabbit and mouse t-tubules have quite different morphologies. Mean diameters of rabbit and mouse t-tubules were 360 and 170 nm, respectively. Estimated electrical space constants are sufficient to ensure electrical uniformity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherrie H T Kong
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Eva A Rog-Zielinska
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Harefield Heart Science Centre, Imperial College London, Harefield UB9 6JH, United Kingdom
| | - Clive H Orchard
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Kohl
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Harefield Heart Science Centre, Imperial College London, Harefield UB9 6JH, United Kingdom; Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Centre Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, Medical School of the University of Freiburg, Elsaesser Str 2Q, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mark B Cannell
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
In addition to reflectance confocal microscopy, multiwave confocal microscopes with different laser wavelengths in combination with exogenous fluorophores allow fluorescence mode confocal microscopy in vivo and ex vivo. Fluorescence mode confocal microscopy improves the contrast between the epithelium and the surrounding soft tissue and allows the depiction of certain structures, like epithelial tumors, nerves, and glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Welzel
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, General Hospital Augsburg, Sauerbruchstrasse 6, 86179 Augsburg, Germany.
| | - Raphaela Kästle
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, General Hospital Augsburg, Sauerbruchstrasse 6, 86179 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Elke C Sattler
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Frauenlobstrasse 9-11, 80337 Munich, Germany
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Zhang Z, Yomo D, Gradinaru C. Choosing the right fluorophore for single-molecule fluorescence studies in a lipid environment. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 2017; 1859:1242-1253. [PMID: 28392350 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Nonspecific interactions between lipids and fluorophores can alter the outcomes of single-molecule spectroscopy of membrane proteins in live cells, liposomes or lipid nanodiscs and of cytosolic proteins encapsulated in liposomes or tethered to supported lipid bilayers. To gain insight into these effects, we examined interactions between 9 dyes that are commonly used as labels for single-molecule fluorescence (SMF) and 6 standard lipids including cationic, zwitterionic and anionic types. The diffusion coefficients of dyes in the absence and presence of set amounts of lipid vesicles were measured by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS). The partition coefficients and the free energies of partitioning for different fluorophore-lipid pairs were obtained by global fitting of the titration FCS curves. Lipids with different charges, head groups and degrees of chain saturation were investigated, and interactions with dyes are discussed in terms of hydrophobic, electrostatic and steric contributions. Fluorescence imaging of individual fluorophores adsorbed on supported lipid bilayers provides visualization and additional quantification of the strength of dye-lipid interaction in the context of single-molecule measurements. By dissecting fluorophore-lipid interactions, our study provides new insights into setting up single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy experiments with minimal interference from interactions between fluorescent labels and lipids in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfu Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada; Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - Dan Yomo
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada; Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - Claudiu Gradinaru
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada; Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada.
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Dollinger J, Dagès C, Voltz M. Using fluorescent dyes as proxies to study herbicide removal by sorption in buffer zones. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:11752-11763. [PMID: 28337625 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8703-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The performance of buffer zones for removing pesticides from runoff water varies greatly according to landscape settings, hydraulic regime, and system design. Evaluating the performance of buffers for a range of pesticides and environmental conditions can be very expensive. Recent studies suggested that the fluorescent dyes uranine and sulforhodamine B could be used as cost-effective surrogates of herbicides to evaluate buffer performance. However, while transformation mechanisms in buffers have been extensively documented, sorption processes of both dyes have rarely been investigated. In this study, we measured the adsorption, desorption, and kinetic sorption coefficients of uranine and sulforhodamine B for a diverse range of buffer zone materials (soils, litters, plants) and compared the adsorption coefficients (Kd) to those of selected herbicides. We also compared the global sorption capacity of 6 ditches, characterized by varying proportions of the aforementioned materials, between both dyes and a set of four herbicides using the sorption-induced pesticide retention indicator (SPRI). We found that both the individual Kd of uranine for the diverse buffer materials and the global sorption capacity of the ditches are equivalent to those of the herbicides diuron, isoproturon, and metolachlor. The Kd of sulforhodamine B on plants and soils are equivalent to those of glyphosate, and the global sorption capacities of the ditches are equivalent for both molecules. Hence, we demonstrate for the first time that uranine can be used as a proxy of moderately hydrophobic herbicides to evaluate the performance of buffer systems, whereas sulforhodamine B can serve as a proxy for more strongly sorbing herbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Dollinger
- INRA, UMR LISAH, 2 Place Pierre Viala, 34060, Montpellier, France.
| | - Cécile Dagès
- INRA, UMR LISAH, 2 Place Pierre Viala, 34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Marc Voltz
- INRA, UMR LISAH, 2 Place Pierre Viala, 34060, Montpellier, France
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van den Bos J, Al-Taher M, Hsien SG, Bouvy ND, Stassen LPS. Near-infrared fluorescence laparoscopy of the cystic duct and cystic artery: first experience with two new preclinical dyes in a pig model. Surg Endosc 2017; 31:4309-14. [PMID: 28271266 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-017-5450-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Imaging techniques that enhance visualisation of the anatomy may help prevent bile duct injury. Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging is such a technique. Previous experiments with ICG have shown that illumination of the extra-hepatic bile ducts is feasible. Yet, there is room for improvement in the visualisation of the target as compared to the background. Experiments with IRDye® 800CW show promising results. However, this dye is too expensive for routine clinical use. The aim of this study is to test the first applicability of two newly developed preclinical dyes regarding intraoperative imaging of the cystic duct and cystic artery, compared with IRDye® 800CW. Methods Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed in three pigs, using a laparoscopic fluorescence imaging system. Each pig received 6 mg of one of the fluorescent dyes (1 mg/mL; IRDye® 800CW, IRDye® 800BK or IRDye® 800NOS) by intravenous injection. Intraoperative recognition of the biliary system and cystic artery was registered at set time points. All procedures were digitally recorded, and the target to background ratio (TBR) was determined to assess the fluorescence signal. Results With all three fluorescent dyes, the cystic artery was directly visualised. For the visualisation of the cystic duct, 15, 34 and 30 min were needed using IRDye® 800BK, IRDye® 800NOS and IRDye® 800CW, respectively. The maximum TBR of the cystic duct was the highest with IRDye® 800NOS (4.20) after 36 min, compared to 2.45 for IRDye® 800BK and 2.15 for IRDye® 800CW, both after 45 min. There were no adverse events. Conclusion IRDye® 800BK and IRDye® 800NOS seem to be good alternatives for IRDye® 800CW for the visualisation of the cystic duct and cystic artery in pigs.
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Grys M, Madeja Z, Korohoda W. Avoiding the side effects of electric current pulse application to electroporated cells in disposable small volume cuvettes assures good cell survival. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2017; 22:1. [PMID: 28536632 PMCID: PMC5415820 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-016-0030-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The harmful side effects of electroporation to cells due to local changes in pH, the appearance of toxic electrode products, temperature increase, and the heterogeneity of the electric field acting on cells in the cuvettes used for electroporation were observed and discussed in several laboratories. If cells are subjected to weak electric fields for prolonged periods, for example in experiments on cell electrophoresis or galvanotaxis the same effects are seen. In these experiments investigators managed to reduce or eliminate the harmful side effects of electric current application. Methods For the experiments, disposable 20 μl cuvettes with two walls made of dialysis membranes were constructed and placed in a locally focused electric field at a considerable distance from the electrodes. Cuvettes were mounted into an apparatus for horizontal electrophoresis and the cells were subjected to direct current electric field (dcEF) pulses from a commercial pulse generator of exponentially declining pulses and from a custom-made generator of double and single rectangular pulses. Results More than 80% of the electroporated cells survived the dcEF pulses in both systems. Side effects related to electrodes were eliminated in both the flow through the dcEF and in the disposable cuvettes placed in the focused dcEFs. With a disposable cuvette system, we also confirmed the sensitization of cells to a dcEF using procaine by observing the loading of AT2 cells with calceine and using a square pulse generator, applying 50 ms single rectangular pulses. Conclusions We suggest that the same methods of avoiding the side effects of electric current pulse application as in cell electrophoresis and galvanotaxis should also be used for electroporation. This conclusion was confirmed in our electroporation experiments performed in conditions assuring survival of over 80% of the electroporated cells. If the amplitude, duration, and shape of the dcEF pulse are known, then electroporation does not depend on the type of pulse generator. This knowledge of the characteristics of the pulse assures reproducibility of electroporation experiments using different equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Grys
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Madeja
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
| | - Włodzimierz Korohoda
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
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