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Pikkupeura LM, Bressan RB, Guiu J, Chen Y, Maimets M, Mayer D, Schweiger PJ, Hansen SL, Maciag GJ, Larsen HL, Lõhmussaar K, Pedersen MT, Teves JMY, Bornholdt J, Benes V, Sandelin A, Jensen KB. Transcriptional and epigenomic profiling identifies YAP signaling as a key regulator of intestinal epithelium maturation. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadf9460. [PMID: 37436997 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf9460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
During intestinal organogenesis, equipotent epithelial progenitors mature into phenotypically distinct stem cells that are responsible for lifelong maintenance of the tissue. While the morphological changes associated with the transition are well characterized, the molecular mechanisms underpinning the maturation process are not fully understood. Here, we leverage intestinal organoid cultures to profile transcriptional, chromatin accessibility, DNA methylation, and three-dimensional (3D) chromatin conformation landscapes in fetal and adult epithelial cells. We observed prominent differences in gene expression and enhancer activity, which are accompanied by local changes in 3D organization, DNA accessibility, and methylation between the two cellular states. Using integrative analyses, we identified sustained Yes-Associated Protein (YAP) transcriptional activity as a major gatekeeper of the immature fetal state. We found the YAP-associated transcriptional network to be regulated at various levels of chromatin organization and likely to be coordinated by changes in extracellular matrix composition. Together, our work highlights the value of unbiased profiling of regulatory landscapes for the identification of key mechanisms underlying tissue maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Pikkupeura
- BRIC - Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
- Bioinformatics Center, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Raul B Bressan
- BRIC - Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Jordi Guiu
- BRIC - Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 3a planta, Av. Granvia de l'Hospitalet 199, Hospitalet de Llobregat 08908, Spain
| | - Yun Chen
- BRIC - Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
- Bioinformatics Center, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Martti Maimets
- BRIC - Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Daniela Mayer
- BRIC - Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Pawel J Schweiger
- BRIC - Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Stine L Hansen
- BRIC - Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Grzegorz J Maciag
- BRIC - Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Hjalte L Larsen
- BRIC - Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Kadi Lõhmussaar
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
| | | | - Joji M Yap Teves
- BRIC - Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Jette Bornholdt
- BRIC - Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
- Bioinformatics Center, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
| | | | - Albin Sandelin
- BRIC - Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
- Bioinformatics Center, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Kim B Jensen
- BRIC - Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
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Maimets M, Pedersen MT, Guiu J, Dreier J, Thodberg M, Antoku Y, Schweiger PJ, Rib L, Bressan RB, Miao Y, Garcia KC, Sandelin A, Serup P, Jensen KB. Mesenchymal-epithelial crosstalk shapes intestinal regionalisation via Wnt and Shh signalling. Nat Commun 2022; 13:715. [PMID: 35132078 PMCID: PMC8821716 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28369-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Organs are anatomically compartmentalised to cater for specialised functions. In the small intestine (SI), regionalisation enables sequential processing of food and nutrient absorption. While several studies indicate the critical importance of non-epithelial cells during development and homeostasis, the extent to which these cells contribute to regionalisation during morphogenesis remains unexplored. Here, we identify a mesenchymal-epithelial crosstalk that shapes the developing SI during late morphogenesis. We find that subepithelial mesenchymal cells are characterised by gradients of factors supporting Wnt signalling and stimulate epithelial growth in vitro. Such a gradient impacts epithelial gene expression and regional villus formation along the anterior-posterior axis of the SI. Notably, we further provide evidence that Wnt signalling directly regulates epithelial expression of Sonic Hedgehog (SHH), which, in turn, acts on mesenchymal cells to drive villi formation. Taken together our results uncover a mechanistic link between Wnt and Hedgehog signalling across different cellular compartments that is central for anterior-posterior regionalisation and correct formation of the SI. The small intestine forms via crosstalk between epithelial and mesenchymal cell compartments. Here, the authors show that a gradient of Wnt signalling along the anterior-posterior axis regulates Sonic Hedgehog which is required for correct formation and regionalization of the small intestine.
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Ostrop J, Zwiggelaar RT, Terndrup Pedersen M, Gerbe F, Bösl K, Lindholm HT, Díez-Sánchez A, Parmar N, Radetzki S, von Kries JP, Jay P, Jensen KB, Arrowsmith C, Oudhoff MJ. A Semi-automated Organoid Screening Method Demonstrates Epigenetic Control of Intestinal Epithelial Differentiation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:618552. [PMID: 33575256 PMCID: PMC7872100 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.618552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal organoids are an excellent model to study epithelial biology. Yet, the selection of analytical tools to accurately quantify heterogeneous organoid cultures remains limited. Here, we developed a semi-automated organoid screening method, which we applied to a library of highly specific chemical probes to identify epigenetic regulators of intestinal epithelial biology. The role of epigenetic modifiers in adult stem cell systems, such as the intestinal epithelium, is still undefined. Based on this resource dataset, we identified several targets that affected epithelial cell differentiation, including HDACs, EP300/CREBBP, LSD1, and type I PRMTs, which were verified by complementary methods. For example, we show that inhibiting type I PRMTs, which leads enhanced epithelial differentiation, blocks the growth of adenoma but not normal organoid cultures. Thus, epigenetic probes are powerful tools to study intestinal epithelial biology and may have therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Ostrop
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rosalie T. Zwiggelaar
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marianne Terndrup Pedersen
- BRIC - Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - François Gerbe
- Cancer Biology Department, Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Korbinian Bösl
- Department of Bioinformatics, Computational Biological Unit, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Håvard T. Lindholm
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Alberto Díez-Sánchez
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Naveen Parmar
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Silke Radetzki
- Screening Unit, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Peter von Kries
- Screening Unit, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philippe Jay
- Cancer Biology Department, Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Kim B. Jensen
- BRIC - Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cheryl Arrowsmith
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Menno J. Oudhoff
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Zwiggelaar RT, Lindholm HT, Fosslie M, Terndrup Pedersen M, Ohta Y, Díez-Sánchez A, Martín-Alonso M, Ostrop J, Matano M, Parmar N, Kvaløy E, Spanjers RR, Nazmi K, Rye M, Drabløs F, Arrowsmith C, Arne Dahl J, Jensen KB, Sato T, Oudhoff MJ. LSD1 represses a neonatal/reparative gene program in adult intestinal epithelium. Sci Adv 2020; 6:6/37/eabc0367. [PMID: 32917713 PMCID: PMC7486101 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc0367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial homeostasis is maintained by adult intestinal stem cells, which, alongside Paneth cells, appear after birth in the neonatal period. We aimed to identify regulators of neonatal intestinal epithelial development by testing a small library of epigenetic modifier inhibitors in Paneth cell-skewed organoid cultures. We found that lysine-specific demethylase 1A (Kdm1a/Lsd1) is absolutely required for Paneth cell differentiation. Lsd1-deficient crypts, devoid of Paneth cells, are still able to form organoids without a requirement of exogenous or endogenous Wnt. Mechanistically, we find that LSD1 enzymatically represses genes that are normally expressed only in fetal and neonatal epithelium. This gene profile is similar to what is seen in repairing epithelium, and we find that Lsd1-deficient epithelium has superior regenerative capacities after irradiation injury. In summary, we found an important regulator of neonatal intestinal development and identified a druggable target to reprogram intestinal epithelium toward a reparative state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalie T Zwiggelaar
- CEMIR-Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Håvard T Lindholm
- CEMIR-Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Madeleine Fosslie
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, NO-0027 Oslo, Norway
| | - Marianne Terndrup Pedersen
- BRIC-Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Yuki Ohta
- Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Organoid Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Alberto Díez-Sánchez
- CEMIR-Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mara Martín-Alonso
- CEMIR-Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jenny Ostrop
- CEMIR-Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mami Matano
- Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Organoid Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Naveen Parmar
- CEMIR-Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Emilie Kvaløy
- CEMIR-Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Roos R Spanjers
- CEMIR-Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kamran Nazmi
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry (ACTA), 1081LA Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Morten Rye
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic of Surgery, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, NO-7030 Trondheim, Norway
- BioCore-Bioinformatics Core Facility, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Finn Drabløs
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Cheryl Arrowsmith
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - John Arne Dahl
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, NO-0027 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kim B Jensen
- BRIC-Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Toshiro Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Organoid Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Menno J Oudhoff
- CEMIR-Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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5
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Andersen MS, Hannezo E, Ulyanchenko S, Estrach S, Antoku Y, Pisano S, Boonekamp KE, Sendrup S, Maimets M, Pedersen MT, Johansen JV, Clement DL, Feral CC, Simons BD, Jensen KB. Tracing the cellular dynamics of sebaceous gland development in normal and perturbed states. Nat Cell Biol 2019; 21:924-932. [PMID: 31358966 PMCID: PMC6978139 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-019-0362-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The sebaceous gland (SG) is an essential component of the skin, and SG dysfunction is debilitating1,2. Yet, the cellular bases for its origin, development and subsequent maintenance remain poorly understood. Here, we apply large-scale quantitative fate mapping to define the patterns of cell fate behaviour during SG development and maintenance. We show that the SG develops from a defined number of lineage-restricted progenitors that undergo a programme of independent and stochastic cell fate decisions. Following an expansion phase, equipotent progenitors transition into a phase of homeostatic turnover, which is correlated with changes in the mechanical properties of the stroma and spatial restrictions on gland size. Expression of the oncogene KrasG12D results in a release from these constraints and unbridled gland expansion. Quantitative clonal fate analysis reveals that, during this phase, the primary effect of the Kras oncogene is to drive a constant fate bias with little effect on cell division rates. These findings provide insight into the developmental programme of the SG, as well as the mechanisms that drive tumour progression and gland dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Stemann Andersen
- BRIC-Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Edouard Hannezo
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Svetlana Ulyanchenko
- BRIC-Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Soline Estrach
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1081, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7284, Université Cote d'Azur, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), Nice, France
| | - Yasuko Antoku
- BRIC-Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sabrina Pisano
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1081, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7284, Université Cote d'Azur, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), Nice, France
| | - Kim E Boonekamp
- BRIC-Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sarah Sendrup
- BRIC-Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martti Maimets
- BRIC-Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marianne Terndrup Pedersen
- BRIC-Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens V Johansen
- BRIC-Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ditte L Clement
- BRIC-Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Chloe C Feral
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1081, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7284, Université Cote d'Azur, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), Nice, France
| | - Benjamin D Simons
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- The Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Kim B Jensen
- BRIC-Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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6
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Bergenheim F, Seidelin JB, Pedersen MT, Mead BE, Jensen KB, Karp JM, Nielsen OH. Fluorescence-based tracing of transplanted intestinal epithelial cells using confocal laser endomicroscopy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:148. [PMID: 31133056 PMCID: PMC6537188 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1246-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intestinal stem cell transplantation has been shown to promote mucosal healing and to engender fully functional epithelium in experimental colitis. Hence, stem cell therapies may provide an innovative approach to accomplish mucosal healing in patients with debilitating conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease. However, an approach to label and trace transplanted cells, in order to assess engraftment efficiency and to monitor wound healing, is a key hurdle to overcome prior to initiating human studies. Genetic engineering is commonly employed in animal studies, but may be problematic in humans due to potential off-target and long-term adverse effects. Methods We investigated the applicability of a panel of fluorescent dyes and nanoparticles to label intestinal organoids for visualization using the clinically approved imaging modality, confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE). Staining homogeneity, durability, cell viability, differentiation capacity, and organoid forming efficiency were evaluated, together with visualization of labeled organoids in vitro and ex vivo using CLE. Results 5-Chloromethylfluorescein diacetate (CMFDA) proved to be suitable as it efficiently stained all organoids without transfer to unstained organoids in co-cultures. No noticeable adverse effects on viability, organoid growth, or stem cell differentiation capacity were observed, although single-cell reseeding revealed a dose-dependent reduction in organoid forming efficiency. Labeled organoids were easily identified in vitro using CLE for a duration of at least 3 days and could additionally be detected ex vivo following transplantation into murine experimental colitis. Conclusions It is highly feasible to use fluorescent dye-based labeling in combination with CLE to trace intestinal organoids following transplantation to confirm implantation at the intestinal target site. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-019-1246-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Bergenheim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2730, Herlev, Denmark.
| | - Jakob B Seidelin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | | | - Benjamin E Mead
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts, Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kim B Jensen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), Faculty of Medical and Health, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeffrey M Karp
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts, Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 02115, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 02139, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ole Haagen Nielsen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
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7
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Petersen N, Frimurer TM, Terndrup Pedersen M, Egerod KL, Wewer Albrechtsen NJ, Holst JJ, Grapin-Botton A, Jensen KB, Schwartz TW. Inhibiting RHOA Signaling in Mice Increases Glucose Tolerance and Numbers of Enteroendocrine and Other Secretory Cells in the Intestine. Gastroenterology 2018; 155:1164-1176.e2. [PMID: 29935151 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) is produced by L cells in the intestine, and agonists of the GLP1 receptor are effective in the treatment of diabetes. Levels of GLP1 increase with numbers of L cells. Therefore, agents that increase numbers of L cell might be developed for treatment of diabetes. Ras homologue family member A (RhoA) signaling through Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinases 1 and 2 (ROCK1 and ROCK2) controls cell differentiation, but it is not clear whether this pathway regulates enteroendocrine differentiation in the intestinal epithelium. We investigated the effects of Y-27632, an inhibitor of ROCK1 and ROCK2, on L-cell differentiation. METHODS We collected intestinal tissues from GLU-Venus, GPR41-RFP, and Neurog3-RFP mice, in which the endocrine lineage is fluorescently labeled, for in vitro culture and histologic analysis. Small intestine organoids derived from these mice were cultured with Y-27632 and we measured percentages of L cells, expression of intestinal cell-specific markers, and secretion of GLP1 in medium. Mice were fed a normal chow or a high-fat diet and given Y-27632 or saline (control) and blood samples were collected for measurement of GLP1, insulin, and glucose. RESULTS Incubation of intestinal organoids with Y-27632 increased numbers of L cells and secretion of GLP1. These increases were associated with upregulated expression of genes encoding intestinal hormones, neurogenin 3, neurogenic differentiation factor 1, forkhead box A1 and A2, and additional markers of secretory cells. Mice fed the normal chow diet and given Y-27632 had increased numbers of L cells in intestinal tissues, increased plasma levels of GLP1 and insulin, and lower blood levels of glucose compared with mice fed the normal chow diet and given saline. In mice with insulin resistance induced by the high-fat diet, administration of Y-27632 increased secretion of GLP1 and glucose tolerance compared with administration of saline. CONCLUSIONS In mouse intestinal organoids, an inhibitor of RhoA signaling increased the differentiation of the secretory lineage and the development of enteroendocrine cells. Inhibitors of RhoA signaling or other strategies to increase numbers of L cells might be developed for treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes or for increasing glucose tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Petersen
- Section of Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Thomas M Frimurer
- Section of Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Kristoffer L Egerod
- Section of Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicolai J Wewer Albrechtsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Translational Metabolic Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens J Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Translational Metabolic Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Grapin-Botton
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical and Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim B Jensen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical and Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thue W Schwartz
- Section of Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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8
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Yui S, Azzolin L, Maimets M, Pedersen MT, Fordham RP, Hansen SL, Larsen HL, Guiu J, Alves MRP, Rundsten CF, Johansen JV, Li Y, Madsen CD, Nakamura T, Watanabe M, Nielsen OH, Schweiger PJ, Piccolo S, Jensen KB. YAP/TAZ-Dependent Reprogramming of Colonic Epithelium Links ECM Remodeling to Tissue Regeneration. Cell Stem Cell 2017; 22:35-49.e7. [PMID: 29249464 PMCID: PMC5766831 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 370] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tissue regeneration requires dynamic cellular adaptation to the wound environment. It is currently unclear how this is orchestrated at the cellular level and how cell fate is affected by severe tissue damage. Here we dissect cell fate transitions during colonic regeneration in a mouse dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) colitis model, and we demonstrate that the epithelium is transiently reprogrammed into a primitive state. This is characterized by de novo expression of fetal markers as well as suppression of markers for adult stem and differentiated cells. The fate change is orchestrated by remodeling the extracellular matrix (ECM), increased FAK/Src signaling, and ultimately YAP/TAZ activation. In a defined cell culture system recapitulating the extracellular matrix remodeling observed in vivo, we show that a collagen 3D matrix supplemented with Wnt ligands is sufficient to sustain endogenous YAP/TAZ and induce conversion of cell fate. This provides a simple model for tissue regeneration, implicating cellular reprogramming as an essential element. The repairing epithelium can be isolated based on Sca1 expression Markers upregulated during tissue repair are expressed in the fetal intestine Mechano-transduction via FAK, Src, and YAP/TAZ facilitate efficient tissue repair YAP/TAZ activation is required and sufficient to induce cellular reprogramming
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Yui
- BRIC - Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Luca Azzolin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua School of Medicine, viale Colombo 3, 35126 Padua, Italy
| | - Martti Maimets
- BRIC - Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Marianne Terndrup Pedersen
- BRIC - Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Robert P Fordham
- Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Stine L Hansen
- BRIC - Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Hjalte L Larsen
- BRIC - Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jordi Guiu
- BRIC - Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Mariana R P Alves
- BRIC - Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Carsten F Rundsten
- BRIC - Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jens V Johansen
- BRIC - Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Section, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Chris D Madsen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, 223 81 Lund, Sweden
| | - Tetsuya Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Mamoru Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Ole H Nielsen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Section, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Pawel J Schweiger
- BRIC - Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Stefano Piccolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua School of Medicine, viale Colombo 3, 35126 Padua, Italy.
| | - Kim B Jensen
- BRIC - Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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9
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kim B Jensen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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10
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Pedersen MT, Vorup J, Nistrup A, Wikman JM, Alstrøm JM, Melcher PS, Pfister GU, Bangsbo J. Effect of team sports and resistance training on physical function, quality of life, and motivation in older adults. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2017; 27:852-864. [PMID: 28144978 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of team sports and resistance training on physical function, psychological health, quality of life, and motivation in older untrained adults. Twenty-five untrained men and forty-seven untrained women aged 80 (range: 67-93) years were recruited. Fifty-one were assigned to a training group (TRG) of which twenty-five performed team training (TG) and twenty-six resistance training (RG). The remaining twenty-one were allocated to a control group (CG). TRG trained for 1 hour twice a week for 12 weeks. Compared with CG, TRG improved the number of arm curls within 30 seconds (P<.05) and 30-seconds chair stand (P<.05) during the intervention. In TRG, participation in training led to higher (P<.05) scores in the subscales psychological well-being, general quality of life, and health-related quality of life, as well as decreased anxiety and depression levels. No differences between changes in TG and RG were found over the intervention period, neither in physical function tests nor psychological questionnaires. Both TG and RG were highly motivated for training, but TG expressed a higher degree of enjoyment and intrinsic motivation mainly due to social interaction during the activity, whereas RG was more motivated by extrinsic factors like health and fitness benefits. In conclusion, both team training and resistance training improved physical function, psychological well-being, and quality of life. However, team sport training motivated the participants more by intrinsic factors than resistance training.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Pedersen
- Section of Integrated Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Copenhagen Centre of Team Sport and Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - J Vorup
- Section of Integrated Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Copenhagen Centre of Team Sport and Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - A Nistrup
- Section of Members of Sport, Individual & Society, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Copenhagen Centre of Team Sport and Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - J M Wikman
- Section of Members of Sport, Individual & Society, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Copenhagen Centre of Team Sport and Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - J M Alstrøm
- Section of Integrated Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Copenhagen Centre of Team Sport and Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - P S Melcher
- Section of Integrated Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Copenhagen Centre of Team Sport and Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - G U Pfister
- Section of Members of Sport, Individual & Society, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Copenhagen Centre of Team Sport and Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - J Bangsbo
- Section of Integrated Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Copenhagen Centre of Team Sport and Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
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Vorup J, Pedersen MT, Melcher PS, Dreier R, Bangsbo J. Effect of floorball training on blood lipids, body composition, muscle strength, and functional capacity of elderly men. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2016; 27:1489-1499. [PMID: 27485808 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Floorball training consists of intense repeated exercise and may offer a motivating and social stimulating team activity in elderly individuals. However, the effect of floorball training in elderly adults on physiological adaptations important for health is not known. Thus, this study examined the effect of floorball training on blood lipids, muscle strength, body composition, and functional capacity of men aged 65-76 years. Thirty-nine recreational active men were randomized into a floorball group (FG; n = 22) or petanque group (PG; n = 17), in which training was performed 1 h twice a week for 12 weeks. In FG and PG, average heart rate (HR) during training was 80% and 57%, respectively, of maximal HR. In FG, plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglycerides were 11% and 8% lower (P < 0.05), respectively. Insulin resistance determined by homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR) was reduced (P < 0.05) by 18%. HR during submaximal cycling was 5% lower (P < 0.05), and maximal voluntary contraction force was 8% higher (P < 0.05). Total and visceral fat content was lowered (P < 0.05) by 5% and 14%, respectively, HR at rest was 8% lower (P < 0.05) and performance in four different functional capacity tests were better (P < 0.05) after compared to before the training period. No changes were observed in PG. In conclusion, 12 weeks of floorball training resulted in a number of favorable effects important for health and functional capacity, suggesting that floorball training can be used as a health-promoting activity in elderly men.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vorup
- Copenhagen Centre of Team Sport and Health, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section of Integrated Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M T Pedersen
- Copenhagen Centre of Team Sport and Health, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section of Integrated Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P S Melcher
- Copenhagen Centre of Team Sport and Health, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section of Integrated Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - R Dreier
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Glostrup Hospital and Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Bangsbo
- Copenhagen Centre of Team Sport and Health, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section of Integrated Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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12
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Pedersen MT, Kooistra SM, Radzisheuskaya A, Laugesen A, Johansen JV, Hayward DG, Nilsson J, Agger K, Helin K. Continual removal of H3K9 promoter methylation by Jmjd2 demethylases is vital for ESC self-renewal and early development. EMBO J 2016; 35:1550-64. [PMID: 27266524 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201593317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin-associated proteins are essential for the specification and maintenance of cell identity. They exert these functions through modulating and maintaining transcriptional patterns. To elucidate the functions of the Jmjd2 family of H3K9/H3K36 histone demethylases, we generated conditional Jmjd2a/Kdm4a, Jmjd2b/Kdm4b and Jmjd2c/Kdm4c/Gasc1 single, double and triple knockout mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). We report that while individual Jmjd2 family members are dispensable for ESC maintenance and embryogenesis, combined deficiency for specifically Jmjd2a and Jmjd2c leads to early embryonic lethality and impaired ESC self-renewal, with spontaneous differentiation towards primitive endoderm under permissive culture conditions. We further show that Jmjd2a and Jmjd2c both localize to H3K4me3-positive promoters, where they have widespread and redundant roles in preventing accumulation of H3K9me3 and H3K36me3. Jmjd2 catalytic activity is required for ESC maintenance, and increased H3K9me3 levels in knockout ESCs compromise the expression of several Jmjd2a/c targets, including genes that are important for ESC self-renewal. Thus, continual removal of H3K9 promoter methylation by Jmjd2 demethylases represents a novel mechanism ensuring transcriptional competence and stability of the pluripotent cell identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Terndrup Pedersen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Centre for Epigenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne Marije Kooistra
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Centre for Epigenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Aliaksandra Radzisheuskaya
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Centre for Epigenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Laugesen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Centre for Epigenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark The Danish Stem Cell Center (Danstem), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Vilstrup Johansen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Geoffrey Hayward
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Nilsson
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karl Agger
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Centre for Epigenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian Helin
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Centre for Epigenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark The Danish Stem Cell Center (Danstem), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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13
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Agger K, Miyagi S, Pedersen MT, Kooistra SM, Johansen JV, Helin K. Jmjd2/Kdm4 demethylases are required for expression of Il3ra and survival of acute myeloid leukemia cells. Genes Dev 2016; 30:1278-88. [PMID: 27257215 PMCID: PMC4911927 DOI: 10.1101/gad.280495.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Agger et al. show that Jmjd2/Kdm4 activities are required for MLL-AF9 translocated AML. Expression of the interleukin 3 receptor α (Il3ra) subunit is dependent on Jmjd2/Kdm4 through a mechanism involving removal of H3K9me3 from the promoter of the Il3ra gene. Acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs) with a rearrangement of the mixed-linage leukemia (MLL) gene are aggressive hematopoietic malignancies. Here, we explored the feasibility of using the H3K9- and H3K36-specific demethylases Jmjd2/Kdm4 as putative drug targets in MLL-AF9 translocated leukemia. Using Jmjd2a, Jmjd2b, and Jmjd2c conditional triple-knockout mice, we show that Jmjd2/Kdm4 activities are required for MLL-AF9 translocated AML in vivo and in vitro. We demonstrate that expression of the interleukin 3 receptor α (Il3ra also known as Cd123) subunit is dependent on Jmjd2/Kdm4 through a mechanism involving removal of H3K9me3 from the promoter of the Il3ra gene. Importantly, ectopic expression of Il3ra in Jmjd2/Kdm4 knockout cells alleviates the requirement of Jmjd2/Kdm4 for the survival of AML cells, showing that Il3ra is a critical downstream target of Jmjd2/Kdm4 in leukemia. These results suggest that the JMJD2/KDM4 proteins are promising drug targets for the treatment of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Agger
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Centre for Epigenetics, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Satoru Miyagi
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Centre for Epigenetics, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; The Danish Stem Cell Center (DanStem), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marianne Terndrup Pedersen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Centre for Epigenetics, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne M Kooistra
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Centre for Epigenetics, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Vilstrup Johansen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian Helin
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Centre for Epigenetics, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; The Danish Stem Cell Center (DanStem), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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14
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Williams K, Christensen J, Pedersen MT, Johansen JV, Cloos PAC, Rappsilber J, Helin K. TET1 and hydroxymethylcytosine in transcription and DNA methylation fidelity. Nature 2011; 473:343-8. [PMID: 21490601 DOI: 10.1038/nature10066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 773] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes catalysing the methylation of the 5-position of cytosine (mC) have essential roles in regulating gene expression and maintaining cellular identity. Recently, TET1 was found to hydroxylate the methyl group of mC, converting it to 5-hydroxymethyl cytosine (hmC). Here we show that TET1 binds throughout the genome of embryonic stem cells, with the majority of binding sites located at transcription start sites (TSSs) of CpG-rich promoters and within genes. The hmC modification is found in gene bodies and in contrast to mC is also enriched at CpG-rich TSSs. We provide evidence further that TET1 has a role in transcriptional repression. TET1 binds a significant proportion of Polycomb group target genes. Furthermore, TET1 associates and colocalizes with the SIN3A co-repressor complex. We propose that TET1 fine-tunes transcription, opposes aberrant DNA methylation at CpG-rich sequences and thereby contributes to the regulation of DNA methylation fidelity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Williams
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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15
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Krustrup P, Hansen PR, Andersen LJ, Jakobsen MD, Sundstrup E, Randers MB, Christiansen L, Helge EW, Pedersen MT, Søgaard P, Junge A, Dvorak J, Aagaard P, Bangsbo J. Long-term musculoskeletal and cardiac health effects of recreational football and running for premenopausal women. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2010; 20 Suppl 1:58-71. [PMID: 20546545 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01111.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We examined long-term musculoskeletal and cardiac adaptations elicited by recreational football (FG, n=9) and running (RG, n=10) in untrained premenopausal women in comparison with a control group (CG, n=9). Training was performed for 16 months ( approximately 2 weekly 1-h sessions). For FG, right and left ventricular end-diastolic diameters were increased by 24% and 5% (P<0.05), respectively, after 16 months. Right ventricular systolic function measured by tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) increased (P<0.05) in FG after 4 months and further (P<0.05) after 16 months (15% and 32%, respectively). In RG and CG, cardiac structure, E/A and TAPSE remained unchanged. For FG, whole-body bone mineral density (BMD) was 2.3% and 1.3% higher (P<0.05) after 16 months, than after 4 and 0 months, respectively, with no changes for RG and CG. FG demonstrated substantial improvements (P<0.05) in fast (27% and 16%) and slow (16% and 17%) eccentric muscle strength and rapid force capacity (Imp30ms: 66% and 65%) after 16 months compared with 4 and 0 months, with RG improving Imp30ms by 64% and 46%. In conclusion, long-term recreational football improved muscle function, postural balance and BMD in adult women with a potential favorable influence on the risk of falls and fractures. Moreover, football training induced consistent cardiac adaptations, which may have implications for long-term cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Krustrup
- Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Section of Human Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Pedersen MT, Helin K. Histone demethylases in development and disease. Trends Cell Biol 2010; 20:662-71. [PMID: 20863703 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2010.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Revised: 08/09/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Histone modifications serve as regulatory marks that are instrumental for the control of transcription and chromatin architecture. Strict regulation of gene expression patterns is crucial during development and differentiation, where diverse cell types evolve from common predecessors. Since the first histone lysine demethylase was discovered in 2004, a number of demethylases have been identified and implicated in the control of gene expression programmes and cell fate decisions. Histone demethylases are now emerging as important players in developmental processes and have been linked to human diseases such as neurological disorders and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Terndrup Pedersen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, Copenhagen, Denmark
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17
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Pedersen MT, Helin K. 61 The role of the Jumonji 2 (JMJD2) Histone Demethylases in Cell Proliferation and Cancer. APMIS 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2008.00abs1165_3.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Pedersen MT, Helin K. 61The role of the Jumonji 2 (JMJD2) Histone Demethylases in Cell Proliferation and Cancer. APMIS 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2008.001165_3.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Skov S, Pedersen MT, Andresen L, Straten PT, Woetmann A, Odum N. Cancer cells become susceptible to natural killer cell killing after exposure to histone deacetylase inhibitors due to glycogen synthase kinase-3-dependent expression of MHC class I-related chain A and B. Cancer Res 2005; 65:11136-45. [PMID: 16322264 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-0599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We show that histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors lead to functional expression of MHC class I-related chain A and B (MICA/B) on cancer cells, making them potent targets for natural killer (NK) cell-mediated killing through a NK group 2, member D (NKG2D) restricted mechanism. Blocking either apoptosis or oxidative stress caused by HDAC inhibitor treatment did not affect MICA/B expression, suggesting involvement of a separate signal pathway not directly coupled to induction of cell death. HDAC inhibitor treatment induced glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) activity and down-regulation of GSK-3 by small interfering RNA or by different inhibitors showed that GSK-3 activity is essential for the induced MICA/B expression. We thus present evidence that cancer cells which survive the direct induction of cell death by HDAC inhibitors become targets for NKG2D-expressing cells like NK cells, gammadelta T cells, and CD8 T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søren Skov
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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20
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Skotte JH, Fallentin N, Pedersen MT, Essendrop M, Strøyer J, Schibye B. Adaptation to sudden unexpected loading of the low back--the effects of repeated trials. J Biomech 2005; 37:1483-9. [PMID: 15336922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate short-term changes in reactions to sudden unexpected loading of the low back. The study utilized a set-up where a horizontal force of 58 N pointing forward suddenly was applied to the upper part of the subject's trunk. EMG activity from the erector spinae muscles and trunk movement data were recorded during 10 trials for 19 subjects. The analysis included EMG reaction time, mean rectified EMG amplitude during the period 50-250 ms after the sudden loading, and time elapsed until stopping of the forward movement of the trunk (stopping time). Reaction time means ranged from 66 to 97 ms (79+/-9 ms), and no difference was found between the trials. Conversely, the mean stopping time for the first trial (468 ms) was significantly higher than for trials 3-10 (359- 371 ms), and the average EMG amplitude during the period 50-250 ms after the sudden loading was lower for the first trial. This study showed that some subjects adapted to sudden unexpected loadings of the low back through a reduction in stopping time and a progression in EMG response during the first few trials. This possible adaptation to repeated trials have been overlooked in previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Skotte
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Lersø Parkallé 105, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark.
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