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Pickering KA, Gilroy K, Cassidy JW, Fey SK, Najumudeen AK, Zeiger LB, Vincent DF, Gay DM, Johansson J, Fordham RP, Miller B, Clark W, Hedley A, Unal EB, Kiel C, McGhee E, Machesky LM, Nixon C, Johnsson AE, Bain M, Strathdee D, van Hoof SR, Medema JP, Anderson KI, Brachmann SM, Stucke VM, Malliri A, Drysdale M, Turner M, Serrano L, Myant K, Campbell AD, Sansom OJ. A RAC-GEF network critical for early intestinal tumourigenesis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:56. [PMID: 33397922 PMCID: PMC7782582 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20255-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
RAC1 activity is critical for intestinal homeostasis, and is required for hyperproliferation driven by loss of the tumour suppressor gene Apc in the murine intestine. To avoid the impact of direct targeting upon homeostasis, we reasoned that indirect targeting of RAC1 via RAC-GEFs might be effective. Transcriptional profiling of Apc deficient intestinal tissue identified Vav3 and Tiam1 as key targets. Deletion of these indicated that while TIAM1 deficiency could suppress Apc-driven hyperproliferation, it had no impact upon tumourigenesis, while VAV3 deficiency had no effect. Intriguingly, deletion of either gene resulted in upregulation of Vav2, with subsequent targeting of all three (Vav2-/- Vav3-/- Tiam1-/-), profoundly suppressing hyperproliferation, tumourigenesis and RAC1 activity, without impacting normal homeostasis. Critically, the observed RAC-GEF dependency was negated by oncogenic KRAS mutation. Together, these data demonstrate that while targeting RAC-GEF molecules may have therapeutic impact at early stages, this benefit may be lost in late stage disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Pickering
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - K Gilroy
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - J W Cassidy
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 ORE, UK
| | - S K Fey
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - A K Najumudeen
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - L B Zeiger
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - D F Vincent
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - D M Gay
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - J Johansson
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - R P Fordham
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - B Miller
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - W Clark
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - A Hedley
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - E B Unal
- EMBL/CRG Systems Biology Research Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRC), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Kiel
- EMBL/CRG Systems Biology Research Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - E McGhee
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - L M Machesky
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - C Nixon
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - A E Johnsson
- The Babraham Institute, Babraham Hall, Babraham, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - M Bain
- IBAHCM and School of Veterinary Medicine, 464 Bearsden Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - D Strathdee
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - S R van Hoof
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM) and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J P Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM) and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K I Anderson
- The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, London, NW7 1AA, UK
| | - S M Brachmann
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Klybeckstrasse, 141, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - V M Stucke
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Klybeckstrasse, 141, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - A Malliri
- CRUK Manchester Institute, 553 Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - M Drysdale
- Broad Institute, 415 Main St, Cambridge, MA, 02142, United States
| | - M Turner
- The Babraham Institute, Babraham Hall, Babraham, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - L Serrano
- EMBL/CRG Systems Biology Research Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - K Myant
- Edinburgh Research Centre, The Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK.
| | - A D Campbell
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK.
| | - O J Sansom
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK.
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK.
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Yui S, Azzolin L, Maimets M, Pedersen MT, Fordham RP, Hansen SL, Larsen HL, Guiu J, Alves MRP, Rundsten CF, Johansen JV, Li Y, Madsen CD, Nakamura T, Watanabe M, Nielsen OH, Schweiger PJ, Piccolo S, Jensen KB. YAP/TAZ-Dependent Reprogramming of Colonic Epithelium Links ECM Remodeling to Tissue Regeneration. Cell Stem Cell 2017; 22:35-49.e7. [PMID: 29249464 PMCID: PMC5766831 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 370] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tissue regeneration requires dynamic cellular adaptation to the wound environment. It is currently unclear how this is orchestrated at the cellular level and how cell fate is affected by severe tissue damage. Here we dissect cell fate transitions during colonic regeneration in a mouse dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) colitis model, and we demonstrate that the epithelium is transiently reprogrammed into a primitive state. This is characterized by de novo expression of fetal markers as well as suppression of markers for adult stem and differentiated cells. The fate change is orchestrated by remodeling the extracellular matrix (ECM), increased FAK/Src signaling, and ultimately YAP/TAZ activation. In a defined cell culture system recapitulating the extracellular matrix remodeling observed in vivo, we show that a collagen 3D matrix supplemented with Wnt ligands is sufficient to sustain endogenous YAP/TAZ and induce conversion of cell fate. This provides a simple model for tissue regeneration, implicating cellular reprogramming as an essential element. The repairing epithelium can be isolated based on Sca1 expression Markers upregulated during tissue repair are expressed in the fetal intestine Mechano-transduction via FAK, Src, and YAP/TAZ facilitate efficient tissue repair YAP/TAZ activation is required and sufficient to induce cellular reprogramming
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Yui
- BRIC - Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Luca Azzolin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua School of Medicine, viale Colombo 3, 35126 Padua, Italy
| | - Martti Maimets
- BRIC - Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Marianne Terndrup Pedersen
- BRIC - Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Robert P Fordham
- Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Stine L Hansen
- BRIC - Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Hjalte L Larsen
- BRIC - Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jordi Guiu
- BRIC - Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Mariana R P Alves
- BRIC - Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Carsten F Rundsten
- BRIC - Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jens V Johansen
- BRIC - Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Section, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Chris D Madsen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, 223 81 Lund, Sweden
| | - Tetsuya Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Mamoru Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Ole H Nielsen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Section, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Pawel J Schweiger
- BRIC - Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Stefano Piccolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua School of Medicine, viale Colombo 3, 35126 Padua, Italy.
| | - Kim B Jensen
- BRIC - Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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