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Díez-Sánchez A, Lindholm HT, Vornewald PM, Ostrop J, Yao R, Single AB, Marstad A, Parmar N, Shaw TN, Martín-Alonso M, Oudhoff MJ. LSD1 drives intestinal epithelial maturation and controls small intestinal immune cell composition independent of microbiota in a murine model. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3412. [PMID: 38649356 PMCID: PMC11035651 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47815-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Postnatal development of the gastrointestinal tract involves the establishment of the commensal microbiota, the acquisition of immune tolerance via a balanced immune cell composition, and maturation of the intestinal epithelium. While studies have uncovered an interplay between the first two, less is known about the role of the maturing epithelium. Here we show that intestinal-epithelial intrinsic expression of lysine-specific demethylase 1A (LSD1) is necessary for the postnatal maturation of intestinal epithelium and maintenance of this developed state during adulthood. Using microbiota-depleted mice, we find plasma cells, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), and a specific myeloid population to depend on LSD1-controlled epithelial maturation. We propose that LSD1 controls the expression of epithelial-derived chemokines, such as Cxcl16, and that this is a mode of action for this epithelial-immune cell interplay in local ILC2s but not ILC3s. Together, our findings suggest that the maturing epithelium plays a dominant role in regulating the local immune cell composition, thereby contributing to gut homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Díez-Sánchez
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Håvard T Lindholm
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pia M Vornewald
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jenny Ostrop
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rouan Yao
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Andrew B Single
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anne Marstad
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Naveen Parmar
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tovah N Shaw
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mara Martín-Alonso
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Menno J Oudhoff
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, ON, Canada.
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Lindholm HT, Parmar N, Drurey C, Poveda MC, Vornewald P, Ostrop J, Díez-Sanchez A, Maizels RM, Oudhoff MJ. BMP signaling in the intestinal epithelium drives a critical feedback loop to restrain IL-13-driven tuft cell hyperplasia. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabl6543. [PMID: 35559665 PMCID: PMC7614132 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abl6543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal tract is a common site for various types of infections including viruses, bacteria, and helminths, each requiring specific modes of immune defense. The intestinal epithelium has a pivotal role in both immune initiation and effector stages, which are coordinated by lymphocyte cytokines such as IFNγ, IL-13, and IL-22. Here, we studied intestinal epithelial immune responses using organoid image analysis based on a convolutional neural network, transcriptomic analysis, and in vivo infection models. We found that IL-13 and IL-22 both induce genes associated with goblet cells, but the resulting goblet cell phenotypes are dichotomous. Moreover, only IL-13-driven goblet cells are associated with classical NOTCH signaling. We further showed that IL-13 induces the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway, which acts in a negative feedback loop on immune type 2-driven tuft cell hyperplasia. This is associated with inhibiting Sox4 expression to putatively limit the tuft cell progenitor population. Blocking ALK2, a BMP receptor, with the inhibitor dorsomorphin homolog 1 (DMH1) interrupted the feedback loop, resulting in greater tuft cell numbers both in vitro and in vivo after infection with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Together, this investigation of cytokine effector responses revealed an unexpected and critical role for the BMP pathway in regulating type 2 immunity, which can be exploited to tailor epithelial immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Håvard T. Lindholm
- CEMIR - Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway,corresponding authors: and
| | - Naveen Parmar
- CEMIR - Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Claire Drurey
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, G12 8TA Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Campillo Poveda
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, G12 8TA Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Pia Vornewald
- CEMIR - Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jenny Ostrop
- CEMIR - Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Alberto Díez-Sanchez
- CEMIR - Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rick M. Maizels
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, G12 8TA Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Menno J. Oudhoff
- CEMIR - Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway,corresponding authors: and
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Mundal SB, Rakner JJ, Silva GB, Gierman LM, Austdal M, Basnet P, Elschot M, Bakke SS, Ostrop J, Thomsen LCV, Moses EK, Acharya G, Bjørge L, Iversen AC. Divergent Regulation of Decidual Oxidative-Stress Response by NRF2 and KEAP1 in Preeclampsia with and without Fetal Growth Restriction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23041966. [PMID: 35216082 PMCID: PMC8875334 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Utero-placental development in pregnancy depends on direct maternal–fetal interaction in the uterine wall decidua. Abnormal uterine vascular remodeling preceding placental oxidative stress and placental dysfunction are associated with preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction (FGR). Oxidative stress is counteracted by antioxidants and oxidative repair mechanisms regulated by the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2). We aimed to determine the decidual regulation of the oxidative-stress response by NRF2 and its negative regulator Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) in normal pregnancies and preeclamptic pregnancies with and without FGR. Decidual tissue from 145 pregnancies at delivery was assessed for oxidative stress, non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity, cellular NRF2- and KEAP1-protein expression, and NRF2-regulated transcriptional activation. Preeclampsia combined with FGR was associated with an increased oxidative-stress level and NRF2-regulated gene expression in the decidua, while decidual NRF2- and KEAP1-protein expression was unaffected. Although preeclampsia with normal fetal growth also showed increased decidual oxidative stress, NRF2-regulated gene expression was reduced, and KEAP1-protein expression was increased in areas of high trophoblast density. The trophoblast-dependent KEAP1-protein expression in preeclampsia with normal fetal growth indicates control of decidual oxidative stress by maternal–fetal interaction and underscores the importance of discriminating between preeclampsia with and without FGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siv Boon Mundal
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (S.B.M.); (J.J.R.); (G.B.S.); (L.M.G.); (M.A.); (S.S.B.); (J.O.)
- Women’s Health and Perinatology Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; (P.B.); (G.A.)
| | - Johanne Johnsen Rakner
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (S.B.M.); (J.J.R.); (G.B.S.); (L.M.G.); (M.A.); (S.S.B.); (J.O.)
| | - Gabriela Brettas Silva
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (S.B.M.); (J.J.R.); (G.B.S.); (L.M.G.); (M.A.); (S.S.B.); (J.O.)
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lobke Marijn Gierman
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (S.B.M.); (J.J.R.); (G.B.S.); (L.M.G.); (M.A.); (S.S.B.); (J.O.)
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marie Austdal
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (S.B.M.); (J.J.R.); (G.B.S.); (L.M.G.); (M.A.); (S.S.B.); (J.O.)
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Research, Stavanger University Hospital, 4068 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Purusotam Basnet
- Women’s Health and Perinatology Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; (P.B.); (G.A.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Northern Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Mattijs Elschot
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway;
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Siril Skaret Bakke
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (S.B.M.); (J.J.R.); (G.B.S.); (L.M.G.); (M.A.); (S.S.B.); (J.O.)
| | - Jenny Ostrop
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (S.B.M.); (J.J.R.); (G.B.S.); (L.M.G.); (M.A.); (S.S.B.); (J.O.)
| | - Liv Cecilie Vestrheim Thomsen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, 5058 Bergen, Norway; (L.C.V.T.); (L.B.)
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Eric Keith Moses
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia;
| | - Ganesh Acharya
- Women’s Health and Perinatology Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; (P.B.); (G.A.)
- Department of Clinical Science, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Line Bjørge
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, 5058 Bergen, Norway; (L.C.V.T.); (L.B.)
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Ann-Charlotte Iversen
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (S.B.M.); (J.J.R.); (G.B.S.); (L.M.G.); (M.A.); (S.S.B.); (J.O.)
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +47-93283877
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Skovdahl HK, Gopalakrishnan S, Svendsen TD, Granlund AVB, Bakke I, Ginbot ZG, Thorsvik S, Flatberg A, Sporsheim B, Ostrop J, Mollnes TE, Sandvik AK, Bruland T. Patient Derived Colonoids as Drug Testing Platforms-Critical Importance of Oxygen Concentration. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:679741. [PMID: 34054553 PMCID: PMC8156408 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.679741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is challenging, with a series of available drugs each helping only a fraction of patients. Patients may face time-consuming drug trials while the disease is active, thus there is an unmet need for biomarkers and assays to predict drug effect. It is well known that the intestinal epithelium is an important factor in disease pathogenesis, exhibiting physical, biochemical and immunologic driven barrier dysfunctions. One promising test system to study effects of existing or emerging IBD treatments targeting intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) is intestinal organoids (“mini-guts”). However, the fact that healthy intestinal epithelium is in a physiologically hypoxic state has largely been neglected, and studies with intestinal organoids are mainly performed at oxygen concentration of 20%. We hypothesized that lowering the incubator oxygen level from 20% to 2% would recapitulate better the in vivo physiological environment of colonic epithelial cells and enhance the translational value of intestinal organoids as a drug testing platform. In the present study we examine the effects of the key IBD cytokines and drug targets TNF/IL17 on human colonic organoids (colonoids) under atmospheric (20%) or reduced (2%) O2. We show that colonoids derived from both healthy controls and IBD-patients are viable and responsive to IBD-relevant cytokines at 2% oxygen. Because chemokine release is one of the important immunoregulatory traits of the epithelium that may be fine-tuned by IBD-drugs, we also examined chemokine expression and release at different oxygen concentrations. We show that chemokine responses to TNF/IL17 in organoids display similarities to inflamed epithelium in IBD-patients. However, inflammation-associated genes induced by TNF/IL17 were attenuated at low oxygen concentration. We detected substantial oxygen-dependent differences in gene expression in untreated as well as TNF/IL17 treated colonoids in all donors. Further, for some of the IBD-relevant cytokines differences between colonoids from healthy controls and IBD patients were more pronounced in 2% O2 than 20% O2. Our results strongly indicate that an oxygen concentration similar to the in vivo epithelial cell environment is of essence in experimental pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Kolstad Skovdahl
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Shreya Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tarjei Dahl Svendsen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Atle van Beelen Granlund
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ingunn Bakke
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Zekarias G Ginbot
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Silje Thorsvik
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Arnar Flatberg
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Central Administration, St Olavs Hospital, The University Hospital in Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjørnar Sporsheim
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Central Administration, St Olavs Hospital, The University Hospital in Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jenny Ostrop
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tom Eirik Mollnes
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arne Kristian Sandvik
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Torunn Bruland
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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5
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Ostrop J, Zwiggelaar RT, Terndrup Pedersen M, Gerbe F, Bösl K, Lindholm HT, Díez-Sánchez A, Parmar N, Radetzki S, von Kries JP, Jay P, Jensen KB, Arrowsmith C, Oudhoff MJ. A Semi-automated Organoid Screening Method Demonstrates Epigenetic Control of Intestinal Epithelial Differentiation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:618552. [PMID: 33575256 PMCID: PMC7872100 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.618552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal organoids are an excellent model to study epithelial biology. Yet, the selection of analytical tools to accurately quantify heterogeneous organoid cultures remains limited. Here, we developed a semi-automated organoid screening method, which we applied to a library of highly specific chemical probes to identify epigenetic regulators of intestinal epithelial biology. The role of epigenetic modifiers in adult stem cell systems, such as the intestinal epithelium, is still undefined. Based on this resource dataset, we identified several targets that affected epithelial cell differentiation, including HDACs, EP300/CREBBP, LSD1, and type I PRMTs, which were verified by complementary methods. For example, we show that inhibiting type I PRMTs, which leads enhanced epithelial differentiation, blocks the growth of adenoma but not normal organoid cultures. Thus, epigenetic probes are powerful tools to study intestinal epithelial biology and may have therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Ostrop
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rosalie T. Zwiggelaar
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marianne Terndrup Pedersen
- BRIC - Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - François Gerbe
- Cancer Biology Department, Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Korbinian Bösl
- Department of Bioinformatics, Computational Biological Unit, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Håvard T. Lindholm
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Alberto Díez-Sánchez
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Naveen Parmar
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Silke Radetzki
- Screening Unit, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Peter von Kries
- Screening Unit, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philippe Jay
- Cancer Biology Department, Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Kim B. Jensen
- BRIC - Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cheryl Arrowsmith
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Menno J. Oudhoff
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Rakner JJ, Silva GB, Mundal SB, Thaning AJ, Elschot M, Ostrop J, Thomsen LCV, Bjørge L, Gierman LM, Iversen AC. Decidual and placental NOD1 is associated with inflammation in normal and preeclamptic pregnancies. Placenta 2021; 105:23-31. [PMID: 33529885 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammation is a normal physiological process that increases to harmful levels in preeclampsia. It affects the interaction between maternal immune cells and fetal trophoblasts at both sites of the maternal-fetal interface; decidua and placenta. The pattern recognition receptor nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein (NOD)1 is expressed at both sites. This study aimed to characterize the cellular expression and functionality of NOD1 at the maternal-fetal interface of normal and preeclamptic pregnancies. METHODS Women with normal or preeclamptic pregnancies delivered by caesarean section were included. Decidual (n = 90) and placental (n = 91) samples were analyzed for NOD1 expression by immunohistochemistry and an automated image-based quantification method. Decidual and placental explants were incubated with or without the NOD1-agonist iE-DAP and cytokine responses measured by ELISA. RESULTS NOD1 was markedly expressed by maternal cells in the decidua and by fetal trophoblasts in both decidua and placenta, with trophoblasts showing the highest NOD1 expression. Preeclampsia with normal fetal growth was associated with a trophoblast-dependent increase in decidual NOD1 expression density. Compared to normal pregnancies, preeclampsia demonstrated stronger correlation between decidual and placental NOD1 expression levels. Increased production of interleukin (IL)-6 or IL-8 after in vitro explant stimulation confirmed NOD1 functionality. DISCUSSION These findings suggest that NOD1 contributes to inflammation at the maternal-fetal interface in normal pregnancies and preeclampsia and indicate a role in direct maternal-fetal communication. The strong expression of NOD1 by all trophoblast types highlights the importance of combined assessment of decidua and placenta for overall understanding of pathophysiological processes at the maternal-fetal interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanne Johnsen Rakner
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR) and Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Gabriela Brettas Silva
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR) and Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Siv Boon Mundal
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR) and Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Astrid Josefin Thaning
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR) and Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mattijs Elschot
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU, Trondheim and Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jenny Ostrop
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR) and Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Liv Cecilie Vestrheim Thomsen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen and Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Line Bjørge
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen and Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lobke Marijn Gierman
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR) and Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ann-Charlotte Iversen
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR) and Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Zwiggelaar RT, Lindholm HT, Fosslie M, Terndrup Pedersen M, Ohta Y, Díez-Sánchez A, Martín-Alonso M, Ostrop J, Matano M, Parmar N, Kvaløy E, Spanjers RR, Nazmi K, Rye M, Drabløs F, Arrowsmith C, Arne Dahl J, Jensen KB, Sato T, Oudhoff MJ. LSD1 represses a neonatal/reparative gene program in adult intestinal epithelium. Sci Adv 2020; 6:6/37/eabc0367. [PMID: 32917713 PMCID: PMC7486101 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc0367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial homeostasis is maintained by adult intestinal stem cells, which, alongside Paneth cells, appear after birth in the neonatal period. We aimed to identify regulators of neonatal intestinal epithelial development by testing a small library of epigenetic modifier inhibitors in Paneth cell-skewed organoid cultures. We found that lysine-specific demethylase 1A (Kdm1a/Lsd1) is absolutely required for Paneth cell differentiation. Lsd1-deficient crypts, devoid of Paneth cells, are still able to form organoids without a requirement of exogenous or endogenous Wnt. Mechanistically, we find that LSD1 enzymatically represses genes that are normally expressed only in fetal and neonatal epithelium. This gene profile is similar to what is seen in repairing epithelium, and we find that Lsd1-deficient epithelium has superior regenerative capacities after irradiation injury. In summary, we found an important regulator of neonatal intestinal development and identified a druggable target to reprogram intestinal epithelium toward a reparative state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalie T Zwiggelaar
- CEMIR-Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Håvard T Lindholm
- CEMIR-Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Madeleine Fosslie
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, NO-0027 Oslo, Norway
| | - Marianne Terndrup Pedersen
- BRIC-Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Yuki Ohta
- Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Organoid Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Alberto Díez-Sánchez
- CEMIR-Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mara Martín-Alonso
- CEMIR-Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jenny Ostrop
- CEMIR-Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mami Matano
- Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Organoid Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Naveen Parmar
- CEMIR-Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Emilie Kvaløy
- CEMIR-Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Roos R Spanjers
- CEMIR-Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kamran Nazmi
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry (ACTA), 1081LA Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Morten Rye
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic of Surgery, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, NO-7030 Trondheim, Norway
- BioCore-Bioinformatics Core Facility, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Finn Drabløs
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Cheryl Arrowsmith
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - John Arne Dahl
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, NO-0027 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kim B Jensen
- BRIC-Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Toshiro Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Organoid Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Menno J Oudhoff
- CEMIR-Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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Gierman L, Silva G, Pervaiz Z, Rakner J, Mundal S, Thaning A, Elschot M, Ostrop J, Dahlberg U, Thomsen L, Bjørge L, Iversen A. Toll-Like Receptor-3 expression by maternal and fetal cells at the maternal-fetal interface is associated with development of preeclampsia. Pregnancy Hypertens 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2019.08.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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9
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Ostrop J, Lang R. Contact, Collaboration, and Conflict: Signal Integration of Syk-Coupled C-Type Lectin Receptors. J Immunol 2017; 198:1403-1414. [PMID: 28167651 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Several spleen tyrosine kinase-coupled C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) have emerged as important pattern recognition receptors for infectious danger. Because encounter with microbial pathogens leads to the simultaneous ligation of several CLRs and TLRs, the signals emanating from different pattern recognition receptors have to be integrated to achieve appropriate biological responses. In this review, we briefly summarize current knowledge about ligand recognition and core signaling by Syk-coupled CLRs. We then address mechanisms of synergistic and antagonistic crosstalk between different CLRs and with TLRs. Emerging evidence suggests that signal integration occurs through 1) direct interaction between receptors, 2) regulation of expression levels and localization, and 3) collaborative or conflicting signaling interference. Accordingly, we aim to provide a conceptual framework for the complex and sometimes unexpected outcome of CLR ligation in bacterial and fungal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Ostrop
- Center of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; .,Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; and
| | - Roland Lang
- Mikrobiologisches Institut-Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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10
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Hupfer T, Schick J, Jozefowski K, Voehringer D, Ostrop J, Lang R. Stat6-Dependent Inhibition of Mincle Expression in Mouse and Human Antigen-Presenting Cells by the Th2 Cytokine IL-4. Front Immunol 2016; 7:423. [PMID: 27790218 PMCID: PMC5063851 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) Mincle, Mcl, and Dectin-2 bind mycobacterial and fungal cell wall glycolipids and carbohydrates. Recently, we described that expression of these CLR is downregulated during differentiation of human monocytes to dendritic cells (DC) in the presence of GM-CSF and IL-4. Here, we demonstrate that the Th2 cytokine IL-4 specifically inhibits expression of Mincle, Mcl, and Dectin-2 in human antigen-presenting cells (APC). This inhibitory effect of IL-4 was observed across species, as murine macrophages and DC treated with IL-4 also downregulated these receptors. IL-4 blocked upregulation of Mincle and Mcl mRNA expression and cell surface protein by murine macrophages in response to the Mincle ligand Trehalose-6,6-dibehenate (TDB), whereas the TLR4 ligand LPS overcame inhibition by IL-4. Functionally, downregulation of Mincle expression by IL-4 was accompanied by reduced cytokine production upon stimulation with TDB. These inhibitory effects of IL-4 were dependent on the transcription factor Stat6. Together, our results show that the key Th2 cytokine IL-4 exerts a negative effect on the expression of Mincle and other Dectin-2 cluster CLR in mouse and human macrophages and DC, which may render these sentinel cells less vigilant for sensing mycobacterial and fungal ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hupfer
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Erlangen , Germany
| | - Judith Schick
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Erlangen , Germany
| | - Katrin Jozefowski
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Erlangen , Germany
| | - David Voehringer
- Department of Infection Biology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Erlangen , Germany
| | - Jenny Ostrop
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Roland Lang
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Erlangen , Germany
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Ostrop J, Jozefowski K, Zimmermann S, Hofmann K, Strasser E, Lepenies B, Lang R. Contribution of MINCLE-SYK Signaling to Activation of Primary Human APCs by Mycobacterial Cord Factor and the Novel Adjuvant TDB. J Immunol 2015. [PMID: 26202982 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Trehalose-6,6-dimycolate (TDM), the mycobacterial cord factor, is an abundant cell wall glycolipid and major virulence factor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Its synthetic analog trehalose-6,6-dibehenate (TDB) is a new adjuvant currently in phase I clinical trials. In rodents, the C-type lectin receptors Mincle and Mcl bind TDB/TDM and activate macrophages and dendritic cells (DC) through the Syk-Card9 pathway. However, it is unknown whether these glycolipids activate human innate immune cells through the same mechanism. We performed in vitro analysis of TDB/TDM-stimulated primary human monocytes, macrophages, and DC; determined C-type lectin receptor expression; and tested the contribution of SYK, MINCLE, and MCL by small interfering RNA knockdown and genetic complementation. We observed a robust chemokine and cytokine release in response to TDB or TDM. MCSF-driven macrophages secreted higher levels of IL-8, IL-6, CCL3, CCL4, and CCL2 after stimulation with TDM, whereas DC responded more strongly to TDB and GM-CSF-driven macrophages were equally responsive to TDB and TDM. SYK kinase and the adaptor protein CARD9 were essential for glycolipid-induced IL-8 production. mRNA expression of MINCLE and MCL was high in monocytes and macrophages, with MINCLE and MCL proteins localized intracellularly under resting conditions. Small interfering RNA-mediated MINCLE or MCL knockdown caused on average reduced TDB- or TDM-induced IL-8 production. Conversely, retroviral expression in murine Mincle-deficient DC revealed that human MINCLE, but not MCL, was sufficient to confer responsiveness to TDB/TDM. Our study demonstrates that SYK-CARD9 signaling plays a key role in TDB/TDM-induced activation of innate immune cells in man as in mouse, likely by engagement of MINCLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Ostrop
- Mikrobiologisches Institut, Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katrin Jozefowski
- Mikrobiologisches Institut, Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Zimmermann
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; Free University of Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 14195 Berlin, Germany; and
| | - Katharina Hofmann
- Mikrobiologisches Institut, Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Erwin Strasser
- Transfusionsmedizinische und Hämostaseologische Abteilung, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernd Lepenies
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; Free University of Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 14195 Berlin, Germany; and
| | - Roland Lang
- Mikrobiologisches Institut, Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
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12
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Hilmi D, Parcina M, Stollewerk D, Ostrop J, Josten M, Meilaender A, Zaehringer U, Wichelhaus TA, Bierbaum G, Heeg K, Wolz C, Bekeredjian-Ding I. Heterogeneity of host TLR2 stimulation by Staphylocoocus aureus isolates. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96416. [PMID: 24810614 PMCID: PMC4014498 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
High lipoprotein expression and potent activation of host Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2) are characteristic features of the staphylococcal species. Expression of TLR2 in the host is important for clearance of Staphylococcus aureus infection and host survival. Thus, we hypothesized that bacterial regulation of its intrinsic TLR2-stimulatory capacity could represent a means for immune evasion or host adaptation. We, therefore, compared clinical S. aureus isolates in regards to their TLR2 activation potential and assessed the bacterial factors that modulate TLR2-mediated recognition. S. aureus isolates displayed considerable variability in TLR2-activity with low to absent TLR2-activity in 64% of the isolates tested (68/106). Notably, strain-specific TLR2-activity was independent of the strain origin, e.g. no differences were found between strains isolated from respiratory specimen from cystic fibrosis patients or those isolated from invasive disease specimen. TLR2-activity correlated with protein A expression but not with the agr status. Capsule expression and small colony variant formation had a negative impact on TLR2-activity but any disruption of cell wall integrity enhanced TLR2 activation. Altogether, heterogeneity in host TLR2-activity reflects differences in metabolic activity and cell wall synthesis and/or remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Hilmi
- Department for Infectious Disease, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marijo Parcina
- Department for Infectious Disease, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel Stollewerk
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jenny Ostrop
- Department for Infectious Disease, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michaele Josten
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alina Meilaender
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Thomas A. Wichelhaus
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Hospital of Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gabriele Bierbaum
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Heeg
- Department for Infectious Disease, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christiane Wolz
- IMIT-Interfakultäres Institut für Mikrobiologie und Infektionsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Isabelle Bekeredjian-Ding
- Department for Infectious Disease, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Hilmi D, Parcina M, Bode K, Ostrop J, Schuett S, Heeg K, Ziebuhr W, Sommerburg O, Bekeredjian-Ding I. Functional variation reflects intra-strain diversity of Staphylococcus aureus small colony variants in the host–pathogen interaction. Int J Med Microbiol 2013; 303:61-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2012.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Schiller M, Parcina M, Heyder P, Foermer S, Ostrop J, Leo A, Heeg K, Herrmann M, Lorenz HM, Bekeredjian-Ding I. Induction of type I IFN is a physiological immune reaction to apoptotic cell-derived membrane microparticles. J Immunol 2012; 189:1747-56. [PMID: 22786771 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1100631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Membrane microparticles (MMP) released from apoptotic cells deliver signals that secure the anti-inflammatory response beyond the nearest proximity of the apoptotic cell. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) are sentinels prepared to detect cellular processes that endanger the organism. They play a key role in the regulation of both pro- and anti-inflammatory immune responses. Based on the assumption that pDC could participate in the initiation of the anti-inflammatory response to apoptotic cells, we investigated the effects of apoptotic cell-derived MMP on human pDC. The results obtained in our experiments confirmed that MMP released from apoptotic cells trigger IFN-α secretion from human pDC. They further suggest that pDC activation results from sensing of DNA contained in MMP. MMP-DNA displays a particularly strong stimulatory activity compared with MMP-RNA and other sources of DNA. Inhibition of MMP-induced IFN-α secretion by cytochalasin D, chloroquine, and an inhibitory G-rich oligodeoxynucleotide identify TLR9 as the receptor for MMP-DNA. In marked contrast to the pDC response in autoimmune patients, in healthy subjects MMP-mediated stimulation of pDC-derived IFN-α was found to be independent of FcγRIIA (CD32A). Based on our findings, we conclude that induction of pDC-derived IFN-α by MMP is a physiological event; future investigations are necessary to elucidate whether pDC activation promotes inflammation or propagates tolerance in the context of apoptotic cell clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Schiller
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine V, University Hospital Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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