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El-Sedik MS, Mohamed MBI, Abdel-Aziz MS, Aysha TS. Synthesis of New D-π-A Phenothiazine-Based Fluorescent Dyes: Aggregation Induced Emission and Antibacterial Activity. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-024-03708-7. [PMID: 38647963 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-03708-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Highly solid-state fluorescent dyes based on phenothiazine bearing sulfa-drug derivatives were successfully prepared and fully characterized by NMR, mass spectra, and elemental analysis. The prepared phenothiazine dyes bearing sulfadiazine and sulfathiazole 4-(((10-hexyl-10 H-phenothiazin-3-yl)methylene)amino)-N-(pyrimidin-2yl) benzenesulfonamide (PTZ-1) and 4-(((10-hexyl-10 H-phenothiazin-3-yl) methylene) amino)-N-(thiazol-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide (PTZ-2), showed strong emission in polycrystalline form, and significant emission in solution was observed. The quantum yield of the prepared dyes varied and decreased by increasing the solvent polarity, with the maximum recorded value being 0.63 and 0.6 in dioxane. Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and the effect of the solvent polarity on absorption and emission spectra were investigated. The dyeing application of polyester fabrics using the prepared phenothiazine-based dyes was studied, showing very good affinity to dyed fabrics. The antibacterial affinity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria for the dye powder as well as the dyed PET fabric was investigated, with PTZ-2 showing better affinity against bacteria compared to PTZ-1. This multifunctional property highlights the potential uses of PTZ-1 and PTZ-2 for advanced applications in biomedicine and optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervat S El-Sedik
- Dyeing, Printing and Textile Auxiliaries Department, Textile Research and Technology Institute, National Research Centre, 33 EL Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | | | - Mohamed S Abdel-Aziz
- Microbial Chemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 EL Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Tarek S Aysha
- Dyeing, Printing and Textile Auxiliaries Department, Textile Research and Technology Institute, National Research Centre, 33 EL Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
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Tripathi NP, Jain S, Singh RK, Sengupta S. Tripodal Triazine and 1,8-Naphthalimide-based Small Molecules as Efficient Photocatalysts for Visible-light Oxidative Condensation. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303244. [PMID: 38038268 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Tripodal donor-acceptor (D-A) small molecules Tr-Np3 and Tr-T-Np3 consisting of triphenyl triazine and 1,8-naphthalimide, without and with a thiophene spacer have been synthesized. Their optical and redox properties were thoroughly investigated along with their utilization as photocatalysts in organic transformations. Compounds Tr-Np3 and Tr-T-Np3 showed broad absorption in the range of 290-480 nm in solutions and 300-510 nm in thin films. These tripodal molecules displayed wide optical bandgaps of (Eg opt ) 3.10 eV and 2.64 eV with very deep-lying HOMO energy levels (-6.60 eV and -6.03 eV) and low-lying LUMO levels (-3.50 eV and -3.40 eV). Appreciable electron mobilities of 5.24×10-4 cm2 /Vs and 6.14×10-4 cm2 /Vs were obtained for compounds Tr-Np3 and Tr-T-Np3 respectively by space-charge limited current (SCLC) measurements. Metal-free tripodal molecules Tr-Np3 and Tr-T-Np3 showed excellent photocatalytic abilities towards condensation of aromatic aldehydes and o-phenylenediamine followed by cyclization under visible light to yield benzimidazole derivatives that are of high medicinal value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendra Pratap Tripathi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Sanyam Jain
- Photovoltaic Metrology Section, Advanced Materials and Device Metrology Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Rajiv K Singh
- Photovoltaic Metrology Section, Advanced Materials and Device Metrology Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Sanchita Sengupta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Punjab, 140306, India
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Ennehary S, Toufik H, Bouzzine SM, Lazrak M, Lamchouri F. Theoretical investigation for dye-sensitized solar cells: effect of donor variation on the optoelectronic properties and charge transfer parameters. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-023-04971-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
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Phenothiazine-based dyes containing imidazole with π-linkers of benzene, furan and thiophene: Synthesis, photophysical, electrochemical and computational investigation. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Development of the molecular engineering of disazo dye sensitizers and TiO2 semiconductor surface to improve the power conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Rout Y, Montanari C, Pasciucco E, Misra R, Carlotti B. Tuning the Fluorescence and the Intramolecular Charge Transfer of Phenothiazine Dipolar and Quadrupolar Derivatives by Oxygen Functionalization. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:9933-9943. [PMID: 34161725 PMCID: PMC8297855 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A series of new naphthalimide and phenothiazine-based push-pull systems (NPI-PTZ1-5), in which we structurally modulate the oxidation state of the sulfur atom in the thiazine ring, i.e., S(II), S(IV), and S(VI), was designed and synthesized by the Pd-catalyzed Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction. The effect of the sulfur oxidation state on the spectral, photophysical, and electrochemical properties was investigated. The steady-state absorption and emission results show that oxygen functionalization greatly improves the optical (absorption coefficient and fluorescence efficiency) and nonlinear optical (hyperpolarizability) features. The cyclic voltammetry experiments and the quantum mechanical calculations suggest that phenothiazine is a stronger electron donor unit relative to phenothiazine-5-oxide and phenothiazine-5,5-dioxide, while the naphthalimide is a strong electron acceptor in all cases. The advanced ultrafast spectroscopic measurements, transient absorption, and broadband fluorescence up conversion give insight into the mechanism of photoinduced intramolecular charge transfer. A planar intramolecular charge transfer (PICT) and highly fluorescent excited state are populated for the oxygen-functionalized molecules NPI-PTZ2,3 and NPI-PTZ5; on the other hand, a twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) state is produced upon photoexcitation of the oxygen-free derivatives NPI-PTZ1 and NPI-PTZ4, with the fluorescence being thus significantly quenched. These results prove oxygen functionalization as a new effective synthetic strategy to tailor the photophysics of phenothiazine-based organic materials for different optoelectronic applications. While oxygen-functionalized compounds are highly fluorescent and promising active materials for current-to-light conversion in organic light-emitting diode devices, oxygen-free systems show very efficient photoinduced ICT and may be employed for light-to-current conversion in organic photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogajivan Rout
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore 453552, India
| | - Chiara Montanari
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, via elce di sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Erika Pasciucco
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, via elce di sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Rajneesh Misra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore 453552, India
| | - Benedetta Carlotti
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, via elce di sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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Gangadhar PS, Reddy G, Prasanthkumar S, Giribabu L. Phenothiazine functional materials for organic optoelectronic applications. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:14969-14996. [PMID: 34231592 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01185e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Phenothiazine (PTZ) is one of the most extensively investigated S, N heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons due to its unique optical, electronic properties, flexibility of functionalization, low cost, and commercial availability. Hence, PTZ and its derivative materials have been attractive in various optoelectronic applications in the last few years. In this prospective, we have focused on the most significant characteristics of PTZ and highlighted how the structural modifications such as different electron donors or acceptors, length of the π-conjugated system or spacers, polar or non-polar chains, and other functional groups influence the optoelectronic properties. This prospective provides a recent account of the advances in phenothiazine derivative materials as an active layer(s) for optoelectronic (viz. dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), perovskite solar cells (PSCs), organic solar cells (OSCs), organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic field-effect transistor (OFETs), chemosensing, nonlinear optical materials (NLOs), and supramolecular self-assembly applications. Finally, future prospects are discussed based on the structure-property relationship in PTZ-derivative materials. This overview will pave the way for researchers to design and develop new PTZ-functionalized structures and use them for various organic optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palivela Siva Gangadhar
- Polymers & Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, TS, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Govind Reddy
- Polymers & Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, TS, India.
| | - Seelam Prasanthkumar
- Polymers & Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, TS, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Lingamallu Giribabu
- Polymers & Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, TS, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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