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Wang Y, Han Z, Liu J, Song C, Wei Z. The biotic effects of lignite on humic acid components conversion during chicken manure composting. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 398:130503. [PMID: 38442847 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Targeted regulation of composting to convert organic matter into humic acid (HA) holds significant importance in compost quality. Owing to its low carbon content, chicken manure compost often requires carbon supplements to promote the humification progress. The addition of lignite can increase HA content through biotic pathways, however, its structure was not explored. The Parallel factor analysis revealed that lignite can significantly increase the complexity of highly humified components. The lignite addition improved phenol oxidase activity, particularly laccase, during the thermophilic and cooling phases. The abundance and transformation functions of core bacteria also indicated that lignite addition can influence the activity of microbial transformation of HA components. The structural equation model further confirmed that lignite addition had a direct and indirect impact on enhancing the complexity of HA components through core bacteria and phenol oxidase. Therefore, lignite addition can improve HA structure complexity during composting through biotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ziyi Han
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Junping Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Caihong Song
- College of Life Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Zimin Wei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China.
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2
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Parikh J, Bhatt K, Modi K, Desai A, Patel N, Patel C, Bhola R. Computational choreography: dissecting the dance of hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking in the fluorescence discrimination mechanism of ciprofloxacin with supramolecular assembly. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38497770 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2329295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The detailed binding insight between the fluorophore and analyte plays a pivotal role in the design of an efficient chemosensor for water pollution. In this study, we designed a picolinic acid-functionalized calix[4]pyrrole ligand (PCACP). When testing out the fluorescence study with selected antibiotics, we observed remarkable enhancement of fluorescence spectra in the presence of ciprofloxacin, singling out the PCACP_Ciprofloxacin complex. The detailed binding mechanism is explored via computational methods including molecular docking and dynamics, DFT (density functional theory) and NBO (Natural Bonding Orbital) analysis. The result of this study provides the comprehensive insight into the involvement of functionalized group of PCACP and ciprofloxacin antibiotic. The results of the computational findings are further explored through NMR complexation study, which corroborate the computational findings. With the limit of detection calculated at 18 µM, we carried out the water sample analysis, which shows promising results. The outcome of this research provides a new, effortless fluorescence approach to monitor the presence of ciprofloxacin in water.In the presence of the ciprofloxacin antibiotic, the fluorescence spectra of PCACP experience remarkable enhancements. This complexation phenomenon is studied through different computational and experimental methods.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaymin Parikh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ganpat University, Kherva, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
| | - Keyur Bhatt
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ganpat University, Kherva, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
| | - Krunal Modi
- Department of Humanity and Sciences, School of engineering, Indrashil university, Kadi, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
| | - Ajay Desai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ganpat University, Kherva, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
| | - Nihal Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ganpat University, Kherva, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
| | - Chirag Patel
- Biotechnology Research Center, Technology Innovation Institute, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Botany, Bioinformatics, and Climate Change Impacts Management, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Ravibhai Bhola
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ganpat University, Kherva, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
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3
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Singh G, Priyanka, Sushma, Sharma S, Deep Kaur J, Devi A, Gupta S, Devi S, Mohan B. Designing of efficient two-armed colorimetric and fluorescent indole appended organosilicon sensors for the detection of Al(III) ions: Implication as paper-based sensor. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 302:123015. [PMID: 37364410 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Metal ions have significant roles in diagnosis, industry, human health, and the environment. To design and develop new lucid molecular receptors for the selective detection of metal ions is important for environmental and medical applications. In the present work, two-armed indole appended Schiff bases conjoined with 1,2,3-Triazole bis-organosilane and bis-organosilatrane skelton sensors for naked eye colorimetric and fluorescent detection sensors for Al(III) are developed. The introduction of Al(III) in sensor 4 and 5 show red shift in UV-visible spectra, changes in fluorescence spectra and immediate color change from colorless to dark yellow. Furthermore, the pH and time response studies were explored for both sensors 4 & 5. The sensors 4 and 5 exhibited significantly low detection limit (LOD) in nano-molar range 1.41 × 10-9 M and 0.17 × 10-9 M respectively from emission titration. The LOD form absorption titration was found to be 0.6 × 10-7 M for sensor 4 and 0.22 × 10-7 M for sensor 5. In addition, the sensing model is developed as paper based sensor for its practical applicability. The theoretical calculations were performed on Gaussian 03 program by relaxing the structures using Density functional theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurjaspreet Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
| | - Priyanka
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
| | - Sushma
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Sanjay Sharma
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Jashan Deep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Anita Devi
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Sofia Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Swati Devi
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Brij Mohan
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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4
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Tawfik SM, Farag AA, Abd-Elaal AA. Fluorescence Naphthalene Cationic Schiff Base Reusable Paper as a Sensitive and Selective for Heavy Metals Cations Sensor: RSM, Optimization, and DFT Modelling. J Fluoresc 2023:10.1007/s10895-023-03426-6. [PMID: 37713015 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03426-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals are particularly damaging contaminants in the environment, and even trace concentrations represent a risk to human health due to their toxicity. To detect the heavy metals of Mn2+ and Co2+ ions, a novel selective reusable paper-based Fluorescence naked-eye sensor based on naphthalene cationic Schiff base (NCSB) was synthesized and confirmed using FT-IR, 1 H-NMR, and MS tools. Based on a blue to colorless color change in the aqueous solution, the NCSB sensor is utilized to Mn2+ and Co2+ cations selectively among other metal ions (Fe2+, Cu2+, Mg2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Hg2+, Pb2+, Sn2+ and Cr3+). In the aqueous medium, the NCSB sensor displayed high sensitivity, with limits of detection (LOD) values of 0.014 µM (14.08 nM) and 0.041 µM (41.47 nM) for Mn2+ and Co2+ cations, respectively. The paper-based sensor naked-eye detected Mn2+ and Co2+ cations in water at concentrations as low as 0.65 µM (65 nM) and 0.086 µM (86 nM), respectively. It was discovered that 5 min of incubation time and a pH range of 7 to 11 were optimal for the complexation reaction between the Mn2+ and Co2+ ions and the NCSB sensor. Through a static quenching process, the interaction of the different metal ions with the Schiff base group in the NCSB molecule results in the development of a ground-state non-fluorescent complex. NCSB sensor was also successfully applied in analysis of Mn2+ and Co2+ in environmental water with good recoveries of 94.8-105.9%. The theoretical calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) studies are in support of experimental interpretations. The links between the input factors and the anticipated response were evaluated using the quadratic model of the response surface methodology (RSM) modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah M Tawfik
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Cairo, 11727, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Farag
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Cairo, 11727, Egypt.
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Singh G, Devi A, Sharma S, Devi S, Mohan B, Yadav R, Sehgal R. Development of piperazine conjoined 1,2,3-triazolyl-γ-propyltriethoxysilanes: Fluorometric detection of Cr 3+ ions and computational study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 291:122358. [PMID: 36702083 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Chromium is essential for some biochemical processes, and excess is a big concern that shows adverse effects on human health and the environment. Therefore, it is urgent to design new sensors to detect chromium ions rapidly. The present study discusses the synthesis of piperazine conjoined 1,2,3-triazolyl-γ-propyltriethoxysilanes (4a-4b) and development of 4a as fluorescence turn-on sensor for the detection of Cr3+ ions. The mechanistic insights reveal to the restricted CN rotation and inhibited intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) process. In addition, Job's plot and Benesi-Hildebrand plot justify the 1:1 binding affinity with a binding constant of 9.96 × 105 M-1 for [ligand 4a + Cr3+] complex and the limit of detection for Cr3+ ions is observed as 6.06 × 10-8 M. The fluorescence spectral changes, 1H NMR spectra and DFT studies provide evidences for ligand 4a and Cr3+ ions interactions. Further, the reversibility of the ligand 4a from [ligand 4a + Cr3+] complex on the addition of EDTA can be used in the construction of molecular logic gate where Cr3+ and EDTA are considered as inputs and the fluorescence intensity at 398 nm as output. Further, compounds 4a-4b were then evaluated for their antibacterial activity against bacterial strains (Escherichia coliand Staphylococcus aureus), revealing a modest activity. The binding mode of ligand 4a to Staphylococcus aureus (PDB ID - 3U2K) and Escherichia coli (PDB ID - 5Z4O) was investigated using an in-silico molecular docking technique, which revealed that the triazole ring and silanyl group are involved in hydrogen bonding with proteins and may be the cause of the ligand's antibacterial activity. The ligand 4a demonstrated a high affinity for binding within the active sites of proteins with binding energies of -7.97 kcal/mol (3U2K) and -8.68 kcal/mol (5Z4O).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurjaspreet Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
| | - Anita Devi
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
| | - Sanjay Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Swati Devi
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Brij Mohan
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, 185 Yinjiang Road, Jimei District, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Richa Yadav
- Department of Medical Parasitology, PGIMER, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Rakesh Sehgal
- Department of Medical Parasitology, PGIMER, Chandigarh 160014, India.
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Mohan B, Ma S, Kumar S, Yang Y, Ren P. Tactile Sensors: Hydroxyl Decorated Silver Metal-Organic Frameworks for Detecting Cr 2O 72-, MnO 4-, Humic Acid, and Fe 3+ Ions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:17317-17323. [PMID: 36961965 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Anionic, acidic, and metal ions are common contaminants in water and cause serious concerns for human and aquatic life. With the goal of rapid detection of analytes, we herein design a new array of ligand 5-(4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)pyridin-3-ol-linked silver coordinated metal-organic frameworks Ag-MOFs as a promising sensor for Cr2O72-, MnO4-, humic acid (HA), and Fe3+ ions down to the micro level. Furthermore, as evidenced by luminescence, excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopic, and PXRD measurements, designed metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can be fast, stable, and reusable for analyte detection in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brij Mohan
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shixuan Ma
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Peng Ren
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
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7
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Hydrobenzoic acid-based ‘Turn-Off’ fluorescent sensor for selective detection of Cu2+ ions: Chemical preparation, characterization and photophysical studies. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2023.110467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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8
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Patel N, Modi K, Bhatt K, Mohan B, Parikh J, Liska A, Ludvik J, Patel C, Jain V, Mishra D. Cyclotriveratrylene (CTV): Rise of an untapped supramolecular prodigy providing a new generation of sensors. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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9
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Luangphai S, Fongsiang J, Thuptimdang P, Buddhiranon S, Chanawanno K. Colorimetric Cu 2+ Detection of (1 E,2 E)-1,2-Bis((1 H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylene)hydrazine Using a Custom-Built Colorimeter. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:44448-44457. [PMID: 36506133 PMCID: PMC9730750 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The compound (1E,2E)-1,2-bis((1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylene)hydrazine (1) was investigated for its chemosensor application. The colorimetric response of 1 with various ions was investigated, and the selective optical change upon mixing with Cu2+ was found. The Cu2+ binding stoichiometry of 1 derived from Job's plot and the in silico study give us the tentative structural detail of the binding mode of 1 and Cu2+ being 1:1. The binding constant between 1 and Cu2+ from the Benesi-Hildebrand plot was 1.49 × 104 M-1. The limit of detection of 1 in Cu2+ detection was 0.64 μM (0.040 ppm), which is much lower than the WHO and US EPA maximum allowable Cu2+ level in drinking water (2 and 1.3 ppm, respectively). The custom-built colorimeter demonstrates a good linear relationship between Cu2+ concentration and electrical resistance (Ω) upon 1-Cu2+ ion binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasipan Luangphai
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang
Mai University, Chiang
Mai50200, Thailand
| | - Jaturon Fongsiang
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang
Mai University, Chiang
Mai50200, Thailand
| | - Pumis Thuptimdang
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang
Mai University, Chiang
Mai50200, Thailand
- Environmental
Science Research Center (ESRC), Chiang Mai
University, Chiang Mai50200, Thailand
| | - Sasiwimon Buddhiranon
- Department
of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok10900, Thailand
- Department
of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio44325-0301, United States
| | - Kullapa Chanawanno
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang
Mai University, Chiang
Mai50200, Thailand
- Environmental
Science Research Center (ESRC), Chiang Mai
University, Chiang Mai50200, Thailand
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Kumar A, Virender, Mohan B, Modi K, Din MAU, Kumar S. A highly selective ratiometric and colorimetric detection of Ni2+ and Cu2+ ions using Schiff base ligand. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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11
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Singh G, Sushma, Priyanka, Khurana S, Singh G, Singh J, Angeles Esteban M, Espinosa-Ruíz C, González-Silvera D. Thiosemicarbazone-triazole bearing siloxy framework for the detection of Hg2+ and Cu2+ ions and their potent cytotoxic activity. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.121087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Kumar S, Ma S, Mohan B, Li S, Ren P. Triazole-Based Cu(I) Cationic Metal-Organic Frameworks with Lewis Basic Pyridine Sites for Selective Detection of Ce 3+ Ions. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:14778-14786. [PMID: 36069102 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A highly symmetric bis-triazole-pyridine-based organic ligand, i.e., 3,5-di(4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)pyridine (L), and Cu(II) salts were used to synthesize three cationic Cu(I) metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), namely, {[Cu(L)]·(NO3)·(H2O)}n (1), {[Cu(L)]·(BF4)·0.5H2O}n (2), and {[Cu1.25(L)]·1.25(ClO4)·H2O}n (3). All three MOFs have nonbonded anions situated inside the pore spaces. Both 1 and 2 have a two-dimensional network structure, while 3 has a three-dimensional structure. All three MOFs were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental (C, H, and N) analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Due to the presence of a Lewis basic pyridine moiety, these MOFs could serve as luminescent probes for the selective detection of Ce3+ ions with excellent efficiency (10-7 M). The synthesis of Cu(I)-based MOFs and their use to detect Ce3+ ions in water via a turn-on fluorescence process have rarely been reported. These MOFs are highly stable in water, are recyclable, and function efficiently at different pH values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shixuan Ma
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Brij Mohan
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shuangshuang Li
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Peng Ren
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
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Guo X, Guo C, Xing Y, Liu Y, Wei K, Kang M, Yang X, Pei M, Zhang G. A novel Schiff base sensor through “off-on-off” fluorescence behavior for sequentially monitoring Al3+ and Cu2+. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.113990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Singh G, Priyanka, Sushma, Pawan, Diksha, Suman, Mohit, Devi A, Gupta S. Tetrazole conjoined organosilane and organosilatrane via the ‘click approach’: a potent Mycobacterium tuberculosis enoyl ACP reductase inhibitor and a dual sensor for Fe(iii) and Cu(ii) ions. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj05126a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This article includes the synthesis and characterization of tetrazole-allied organosilane and organosilatrane. The tetrazole-allied silatrane was explored for molecular docking and optical aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurjaspreet Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India
| | - Priyanka
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India
| | - Sushma
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India
| | - Pawan
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India
| | - Diksha
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India
| | - Suman
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India
| | - Mohit
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India
| | - Anita Devi
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India
| | - Sofia Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India
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