1
|
González-Santiago B, Vicente-Escobar JO, de la Luz-Tlapaya V, García-Gutiérrez P, García-Sánchez MÁ. Porphyrins Embedded in Translucent Polymeric Substrates: Fluorescence Preservation and Molecular Docking Studies. J Fluoresc 2024; 34:1707-1718. [PMID: 37597136 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03396-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
This research describes the functionalization of polymer-matrix-trapping porphyrins, considering that the transcendental properties of meso-substituted porphyrins, such as optical and chemical stability, combined with the strength of the polymers, can produce photoactive advanced polymeric networks. Polystyrene (PS) and O,O´-bis-(2-aminopropyl)-polyethyleneglycol-300 (2NH2peg300, APEG), or their combination, were used to confine the meso-substituted porphyrin species 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4'-carboxy-1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl)porphyrin and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis((pyridin-4-yl)phenyl)porphyrin. The samples were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) and fluorescence spectroscopies. The absorption and emission properties of the materials were compared to those of their respective porphyrin solutions. The fluorescence was preserved in the obtained composite through a mixture of polymers, PS, and APEG, yielding translucent polymeric networks. Moreover, analysis of individual polymeric assemblies by molecular docking was performed to support the understanding of the experimental findings. This analysis corroborates that the stronger the estimated binding energies, the stronger the interactions that occur between porphyrin and the polymer via non-polar covalent bonds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Berenice González-Santiago
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada-Unidad Legaria, Calzada Legaria 694, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México, 11500, México
| | - Jonathan Osiris Vicente-Escobar
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col.Vicentina, Ciudad de México, 09340, México
| | - Verónica de la Luz-Tlapaya
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col.Vicentina, Ciudad de México, 09340, México
| | - Ponciano García-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col.Vicentina, Ciudad de México, 09340, México
| | - Miguel Ángel García-Sánchez
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col.Vicentina, Ciudad de México, 09340, México.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lourenço LMO, Tomé AC, Tomé JPC. Editorial: Photodynamic Therapy as an Important Tool for Biological Breakthroughs-Photoactive Photosensitizers Applied from Cancer to Microbial Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:330. [PMID: 38203501 PMCID: PMC10778883 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) stands as an approved clinical treatment for both oncologic and nononcologic disorders [...].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leandro M. O. Lourenço
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Augusto C. Tomé
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - João P. C. Tomé
- CQE, IMS, DEQ, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lourenço LMO, Cunha Â, Sierra-Garcia IN. Light-Driven Tetra- and Octa-β-substituted Cationic Zinc(II) Phthalocyanines for Eradicating Fusarium oxysporum Conidia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16980. [PMID: 38069303 PMCID: PMC10706913 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is an emerging therapeutic approach that can effectively inactivate diverse microbial forms, including vegetative forms and spores, while preserving host tissues and avoiding the development of resistance to the photosensitization procedure. This study evaluates the antifungal and sporicidal photodynamic activity of two water-soluble amphiphilic tetra- and octa-β-substituted zinc(II) phthalocyanine (ZnPc) dyes with dimethylaminopyridinium groups at the periphery (ZnPcs 1, 2) and their quaternized derivatives (ZnPcs 1a, 2a). Tetra(1, 1a)- and octa(2, 2a)-β-substituted zinc(II) phthalocyanines were prepared and assessed as photosensitizers (PSs) for their effects on Fusarium oxysporum conidia. Antimicrobial photoinactivation experiments were performed with each PS at 0.1, 1, 10, and 20 µM under white light irradiation at an irradiance of 135 mW·cm-2, for 60 min (light dose of 486 J·cm-2). High PDI efficiency was observed for PSs 1a, 2, and 2a (10 µM), corresponding to inactivation until the method's detection limit. PS 1 (20 µM) also achieved a considerable reduction of >5 log10 in the concentration of viable conidia. The quaternized PSs (1a, 2a) showed better PDI performance than the non-quaternized ones (1, 2), even at the low concentration of 1 µM, and a light dose of 486 J·cm-2. These cationic phthalocyanines are potent photodynamic drugs for antifungal applications due to their ability to effectively inactivate resistant forms, like conidia, with low concentrations and reasonable energy doses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ângela Cunha
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (Â.C.); (I.N.S.-G.)
| | - Isabel N. Sierra-Garcia
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (Â.C.); (I.N.S.-G.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Almeida J, Tomé AC, Rangel M, Silva AMG. Microwave-Assisted Synthesis and Spectral Properties of Pyrrolidine-Fused Chlorin Derivatives. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093833. [PMID: 37175243 PMCID: PMC10179977 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work we pursued research involving the microwave-assisted N-alkylation of a NH pyrrolidine-fused chlorin with methyl 4-(bromomethyl) benzoate and subsequent ester hydrolysis as a straightforward strategy to obtain carboxylic acid functionality in the pyrrolidine-fused chlorin, as a single reaction product. We studied the reaction's scope by extending the N-alkylation of the free-base chlorin and its corresponding Zn(II) complex to other alkyl halides, including 1,4-diiodobutane, N-(2-bromoethyl)phthalimide, and 2-bromoethanaminium bromide. In addition, two new chlorin-dansyl dyads were synthesized by reacting dansyl chloride with the 2-aminoethyl pyrrolidine-fused chlorin (dyad 6) and NH pyrrolidine-fused chlorin (dyad 7). According to spectral studies, the linker length between the two fluorophores influences the response of the dyads to the solvent polarity. Because of the simplicity of these approaches, we believe it will enable access to a vast library of custom-tailored N-functionalized chlorins while preserving their important absorption and emission spectra as photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer and photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of microorganisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Almeida
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Augusto C Tomé
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria Rangel
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, 4099-003 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana M G Silva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
In Vitro Photoinactivation of Fusarium oxysporum Conidia with Light-Activated Ammonium Phthalocyanines. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043922. [PMID: 36835333 PMCID: PMC9966838 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been explored as an innovative therapeutic approach because it can be used to inactivate a variety of microbial forms (vegetative forms and spores) without causing significant damage to host tissues, and without the development of resistance to the photosensitization process. This study assesses the photodynamic antifungal/sporicidal activity of tetra- and octasubstituted phthalocyanine (Pc) dyes with ammonium groups. Tetra- and octasubstituted zinc(II) phthalocyanines (1 and 2) were prepared and tested as photosensitizers (PSs) on Fusarium oxysporum conidia. Photoinactivation (PDI) tests were conducted with photosensitizer (PS) concentrations of 20, 40, and 60 µM under white-light exposure at an irradiance of 135 mW·cm-2, applied during 30 and 60 min (light doses of 243 and 486 J·cm-2). High PDI efficiency corresponding to the inactivation process until the detection limit was observed for both PSs. The tetrasubstituted PS was the most effective, requiring the lowest concentration and the shortest irradiation time for the complete inactivation of conidia (40 µM, 30 min, 243 J·cm-2). Complete inactivation was also achieved with PS 2, but a longer irradiation time and a higher concentration (60 µM, 60 min, 486 J·cm-2) were necessary. Because of the low concentrations and moderate energy doses required to inactivate resistant biological forms such as fungal conidia, these phthalocyanines can be considered potent antifungal photodynamic drugs.
Collapse
|
6
|
Braga GÚL, Silva-Junior GJ, Brancini GTP, Hallsworth JE, Wainwright M. Photoantimicrobials in agriculture. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 235:112548. [PMID: 36067596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Classical approaches for controlling plant pathogens may be impaired by the development of pathogen resistance to chemical pesticides and by limited availability of effective antimicrobial agents. Recent increases in consumer awareness of and/or legislation regarding environmental and human health, and the urgent need to improve food security, are driving increased demand for safer antimicrobial strategies. Therefore, there is a need for a step change in the approaches used for controlling pre- and post-harvest diseases and foodborne human pathogens. The use of light-activated antimicrobial substances for the so-called antimicrobial photodynamic treatment is known to be effective not only in a clinical context, but also for use in agriculture to control plant-pathogenic fungi and bacteria, and to eliminate foodborne human pathogens from seeds, sprouted seeds, fruits, and vegetables. Here, we take a holistic approach to review and re-evaluate recent findings on: (i) the ecology of naturally-occurring photoantimicrobials, (ii) photodynamic processes including the light-activated antimicrobial activities of some plant metabolites, and (iii) fungus-induced photosensitization of plants. The inhibitory mechanisms of both natural and synthetic light-activated substances, known as photosensitizers, are discussed in the contexts of microbial stress biology and agricultural biotechnology. Their modes-of-antimicrobial action make them neither stressors nor toxins/toxicants (with specific modes of poisonous activity), but a hybrid/combination of both. We highlight the use of photoantimicrobials for the control of plant-pathogenic fungi and quantify their potential contribution to global food security.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Ú L Braga
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, Brazil.
| | | | - Guilherme T P Brancini
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, Brazil.
| | - John E Hallsworth
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.
| | - Mark Wainwright
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|