1
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Shetranjiwalla S, Cislak C, Scotland KM. Circular Design and Functionalized Upcycling of Waste Commodity Polystyrene via C-H Activation Using Microwave-Assisted Multicomponent Synthesis. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3108. [PMID: 37514498 PMCID: PMC10384716 DOI: 10.3390/polym15143108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The inefficient reuse and recycling of plastics-and the current surge of medical and take-out food packaging use during the pandemic-have exacerbated the environmental burden. This impels the development of alternative recycling/upcycling methods to pivot toward circularity. We report the use of the Mannich three-component coupling reaction for the modification of polystyrene (PS) recovered with a 99.1% yield from waste food containers to form functionalized nitrogen and oxygen-rich PS derivatives. A series of functionalized PS with increasing moles of formaldehyde (F) and morpholine (M) (0.5 × 10-2, 1.0 × 10-2, and 2.0 × 10-2 mol) was achieved using a sol-gel-derived Fe-TiO2 catalyst in a solvent-free, microwave-assisted synthesis. Modified polymers were characterized with viscometry, 1H NMR, 13CNMR (DEPT) FTIR, XPS, UV, and TGA. Functionalization scaled with an increasing ratio, validating the 3CR approach. Further functionalization was constrained by a competing oxidative degradation; however, the varying hydrogen bond density due to nitrogen and oxygen-rich species at higher ratios was shown to compensate for molecular weight loss. The integration of the N-cyclic quaternary ammonium cations exhibited the potential of functionalized polymers for ion-exchange membrane applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shegufta Shetranjiwalla
- School of Science and the Environment, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL A2H 5G4, Canada
- Chemistry Department, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9K 0G2, Canada
| | - Claire Cislak
- Chemistry Department, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9K 0G2, Canada
| | - Kevin M Scotland
- Chemistry Department, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9K 0G2, Canada
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2
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Microwave Irradiation in Technologies of Wastewater and Wastewater Sludge Treatment: A Review. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13131784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Every year, the human impact on the world’s water sources becomes more pronounced. One of the triggers to this increase is the use of ineffective wastewater and sludge treatment systems. Recently, the number of studies of microwave processing in handling liquid municipal and industrial waste has increased. This paper discusses heat treatment, change in properties, decomposition of substances, removal of metals, demulsification, pyrolysis, biogas processing, disinfection, and other topics. The findings of European, Chinese, Russian, and other authors are summarised and presented in this review. In addition, the most notable Russian patents for microwave installations/devices and reactors suitable for a wide variety of applications are discussed. In this article, the authors look at microwave wastewater and sludge treatment from the perspective of practical application in various fields of human economic activity.
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3
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Li X, Wang W, Dong F, Zhang Z, Han L, Luo X, Huang J, Feng Z, Chen Z, Jia G, Zhang T. Recent Advances in Noncontact External-Field-Assisted Photocatalysis: From Fundamentals to Applications. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c05354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xibao Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Fan Dong
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- School of Materials and Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China
| | - Lu Han
- School of Materials and Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China
| | - Xudong Luo
- School of Materials and Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China
| | - Juntong Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Zhijun Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Guohua Jia
- Curtin Institute of Functional Molecules and Interfaces, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Tierui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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4
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Wu Z, Huang K. Abnormal characteristics of binary molecular clusters in DMSO–ethanol mixtures under external electric fields. Mol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2017.1416196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyan Wu
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, No.24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, China, 610065
- College of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Henan Normal University, 46# East of Construction Road, Xinxiang, China, 453007
| | - Kama Huang
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, No.24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, China, 610065
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5
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Tran MQ, Nakata K, Horikoshi S. Improvement of Wettability of Photocatalytic TiO 2–Coated Wafers by Microwave/UV Pre-treatment. J Oleo Sci 2018; 67:1171-1175. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess18133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Minh Quang Tran
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University
- Photocatalytic International Research Center, Research Institute of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Kazuya Nakata
- Photocatalytic International Research Center, Research Institute of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Satoshi Horikoshi
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University
- Photocatalytic International Research Center, Research Institute of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
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6
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Meng L, Yang S, Sun C, He H, Xian Q, Li S, Wang G, Zhang L, Jiang D. A novel method for photo-oxidative degradation of diatrizoate in water via electromagnetic induction electrodeless lamp. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 337:34-46. [PMID: 28501642 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an electromagnetic induction electrodeless lamp (EIEL) was first introduced into UV advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for photodegradation of Diatrizoate (DTZ), which was the most persistent iodinated X-ray contrast medium (ICM), and traditional Hg lamps were taken as references. Direct photolysis rate of DTZ under EIEL irradiation was 1.34 times as that under Hg irradiation, but the electric energy consumption was 0.87 times. In this sense, the combination of EIEL and oxidants (O2, H2O2 and S2O82-(PS)) was further investigated. The remarkably increased photodegradation rates were observed in UV/PS system due to primary contribution rate of SO4- (62.5%) based on the results of radical concentrations and second-order rate constants of DTZ with SO4- and OH. Inorganic ions influencing the photodegradation process were investigated. The effect of natural organic materials (NOMs) in UV/PS system was studied based on contribution ratios of light screening effect and quenching. Transformation mechanisms of DTZ in UV/PS system included deiodination, intramolecular cyclization, decarboxylation, deacetylation and deamination, which were further confirmed by frontier electron density calculations. The study indicated that UV/PS with EIEL irradiation has the potential to remove pharmaceuticals in contaminated aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjun Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Shaogui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China; School of the Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, PR China.
| | - Cheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Huan He
- School of the Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, PR China.
| | - Qiming Xian
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China
| | - Shiyin Li
- School of the Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, PR China
| | - Guoxiang Wang
- School of the Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, PR China
| | - Limin Zhang
- School of the Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, PR China
| | - Dong Jiang
- Changzhou Lannuo Photoelectric Technology Co., Ltd., Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, PR China
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7
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Bamba D, Coulibaly M, Robert D. Nitrogen-containing organic compounds: Origins, toxicity and conditions of their photocatalytic mineralization over TiO 2. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 580:1489-1504. [PMID: 28041693 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable water management remains a global concern to meet the food needs of industrial and agricultural activities. Therefore, pollution abatement techniques, cheap and environmentally, are highly desired and recommended. The present review is devoted to the origin and the toxicity of nitrogen-containing organic compounds in water. The progress made in removing these pollutants, in recent years, is addressed. However, a prominent place is given to the photocatalytic degradation process using the TiO2 as a semiconductor, the conditions for good mineralization and especially the factors influencing it. The parameters that impact the performance of this method are the pH, the temperature, the reactor used, the light, the concentration of the pollutant, the amount of catalyst, etc. Up to now, the importance of one parameter relative to another has not been established because in the context of the photocatalytic degradation, certain parameters are often tightly coupled. Consequently, the mineralization is dependent on the initial degree of oxidation of nitrogen atom contained in the pollutant to be degraded. The hydroxyl nitrogen is primarily converted into nitrate ions (NO3-), while the amides and the primary amines are converted into ammonium ions (NH4+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Drissa Bamba
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Eaux (LCE) - Ecole Normale Supérieure d'Abidjan, 08 BP 10 Abidjan 08, Côte d'Ivoire; ICPEES-UMR 7515 CNRS - Université de Strasbourg, Antenne de Saint-Avold, Rue Victor Démange, 57500 Saint-Avold, France.
| | - Mariame Coulibaly
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Eaux (LCE) - Ecole Normale Supérieure d'Abidjan, 08 BP 10 Abidjan 08, Côte d'Ivoire.
| | - Didier Robert
- ICPEES-UMR 7515 CNRS - Université de Strasbourg, Antenne de Saint-Avold, Rue Victor Démange, 57500 Saint-Avold, France.
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8
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Xiao Q, Yu S, Li L, Wang T, Liao X, Ye Y. An overview of advanced reduction processes for bromate removal from drinking water: Reducing agents, activation methods, applications and mechanisms. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 324:230-240. [PMID: 28340995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Bromate (BrO3-) is a possible human carcinogen regulated at a strict standard of 10μg/L in drinking water. Various techniques to eliminate BrO3- usually fall into three main categories: reducing bromide (Br-) prior to formation of BrO3-, minimizing BrO3- formation during the ozonation process, and removing BrO3- from post-ozonation waters. However, the first two approaches exhibit low degradation efficiency and high treatment cost. The third workaround has obvious advantages, such as high reduction efficiency, more stable performance and easier combination with UV disinfection, and has therefore been widely implemented in water treatment. Recently, advanced reduction processes (ARPs), the photocatalysis of BrO3-, have attracted much attention due to improved performance. To increase the feasibility of photocatalytic systems, the focus of this work concerns new technological developments, followed by a summary of reducing agents, activation methods, operational parameters, and applications. The reaction mechanisms of two typical processes involving UV/sulfite homogeneous photocatalysis and UV/titanium dioxide heterogeneous photocatalysis are further summarized. The future research needs for ARPs to reach full-scale potential in drinking water treatment are suggested accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Shuili Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Xinlei Liao
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States
| | - Yubing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
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9
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Kishimoto F, Matsuhisa M, Kawamura S, Fujii S, Tsubaki S, Maitani MM, Suzuki E, Wada Y. Enhancement of anodic current attributed to oxygen evolution on α-Fe 2O 3 electrode by microwave oscillating electric field. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35554. [PMID: 27739529 PMCID: PMC5064412 DOI: 10.1038/srep35554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Various microwave effects on chemical reactions have been observed, reported and compared to those carried out under conventional heating. These effects are classified into thermal effects, which arise from the temperature rise caused by microwaves, and non-thermal effects, which are attributed to interactions between substances and the oscillating electromagnetic fields of microwaves. However, there have been no direct or intrinsic demonstrations of the non-thermal effects based on physical insights. Here we demonstrate the microwave enhancement of oxidation current of water to generate dioxygen with using an α-Fe2O3 electrode induced by pulsed microwave irradiation under constantly applied potential. The rectangular waves of current density under pulsed microwave irradiation were observed, in other words the oxidation current of water was increased instantaneously at the moment of the introduction of microwaves, and stayed stably at the plateau under continuous microwave irradiation. The microwave enhancement was observed only for the α-Fe2O3 electrode with the specific surface electronic structure evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. This discovery provides a firm evidence of the microwave special non-thermal effect on the electron transfer reactions caused by interaction of oscillating microwaves and irradiated samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuminao Kishimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology. E4-3, 2-12-1, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan.,Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Kojimachi Business Center Building, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Masayuki Matsuhisa
- Department of chemical science and engineering, School of materials and chemical technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, E4-3, 2-12-1, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Kawamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology. E4-3, 2-12-1, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujii
- Department of chemical science and engineering, School of materials and chemical technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, E4-3, 2-12-1, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan.,Department of Information and Communication Systems Engineering, Okinawa National College of Technology, 905 Henoko, Nago-shi, Okinawa 905-2192, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Tsubaki
- Department of chemical science and engineering, School of materials and chemical technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, E4-3, 2-12-1, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Masato M Maitani
- Department of chemical science and engineering, School of materials and chemical technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, E4-3, 2-12-1, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Eiichi Suzuki
- Department of chemical science and engineering, School of materials and chemical technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, E4-3, 2-12-1, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Yuji Wada
- Department of chemical science and engineering, School of materials and chemical technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, E4-3, 2-12-1, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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10
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Kishimoto F, Imai T, Fujii S, Mochizuki D, Maitani MM, Suzuki E, Wada Y. Microwave-enhanced photocatalysis on CdS quantum dots--Evidence of acceleration of photoinduced electron transfer. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11308. [PMID: 26080653 PMCID: PMC4469968 DOI: 10.1038/srep11308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The rate of electron transfer is critical in determining the efficiency of photoenergy conversion systems and is controlled by changing the relative energy gap of components, their geometries, or surroundings. However, the rate of electron transfer has not been controlled by the remote input of an external field without changing the geometries or materials of the systems. We demonstrate here that an applied microwave field can enhance the photocatalytic reduction of bipyridinium ion using CdS quantum dots (QDs) by accelerating electron transfer. Analysis of the time-resolved emission decay profiles of CdS quantum dots immersed in aqueous solutions of bipyridinium exhibited the shortening of their emission lifetimes, because of the accelerated electron transfer from QDs to bipyridinium under microwave irradiation. This discovery leads us to a new methodology using microwaves as an external field to enhance photocatalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuminao Kishimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-10-E4-3 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Takashi Imai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-10-E4-3 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujii
- 1] Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-10-E4-3 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan [2] Knowledge-Intensive Collaborative Research Center, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Dai Mochizuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-10-E4-3 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Masato M Maitani
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-10-E4-3 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Eiichi Suzuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-10-E4-3 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Yuji Wada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-10-E4-3 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
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11
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Sumi T, Dillert R, Horikoshi S. Utilization of the microwave electric or magnetic field in the synthesis of monometallic and bimetallic nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra00452g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
On preparation of bimetal nanoparticles by using a single-mode microwave resonator, Ag–Ni and Pd–Ag nanocomposites were synthesized under microwave irradiation at 80 centigrade, which was a lower temperature than that for reduction of Ag ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Sumi
- Department of Material & Life Science
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Sophia University
- Tokyo 102-8554
- Japan
| | - Ralf Dillert
- Department of Material & Life Science
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Sophia University
- Tokyo 102-8554
- Japan
| | - Satoshi Horikoshi
- Department of Material & Life Science
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Sophia University
- Tokyo 102-8554
- Japan
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12
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Coupled microwave/photoassisted methods for environmental remediation. Molecules 2014; 19:18102-28. [PMID: 25379646 PMCID: PMC6270671 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191118102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The microwave-induced acceleration of photocatalytic reactions was discovered serendipitously in the late 1990s. The activity of photocatalysts is enhanced significantly by both microwave radiation and UV light. Particularly relevant, other than as a heat source, was the enigmatic phenomenon of the non-thermal effect(s) of the microwave radiation that facilitated photocatalyzed reactions, as evidenced when examining various model contaminants in aqueous media. Results led to an examination of the possible mechanism(s) of the microwave effect(s). In the present article we contend that the microwaves’ non-thermal effect(s) is an important factor in the enhancement of TiO2-photoassisted reactions involving the decomposition of organic pollutants in model wastewaters by an integrated (coupled) microwave-/UV-illumination method (UV/MW). Moreover, such coupling of no less than two irradiation methods led to the fabrication and ultimate investigation of microwave discharged electrodeless lamps (MDELs) as optimal light sources; their use is also described. The review focuses on the enhanced activity of photocatalytic reactions when subjected to microwave radiation and concentrates on the authors’ research of the past few years.
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13
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Zhang Z, Yu F, Huang L, Jiatieli J, Li Y, Song L, Yu N, Dionysiou DD. Confirmation of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) generated in the presence of TiO2 supported on AC under microwave irradiation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 278:152-7. [PMID: 24960308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In order to study the degradation mechanism of technology of microwave (MW) combined with TiO2 supported on activated carbon (TiO2/AC), the reactive oxygen species (ROS) was explored through oxidation of 1,5-diphenyl carbazide (DPCI) to 1,5-diphenyl carbazone (DPCO). Furthermore, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT), Mannitol (MT) and Vitamin C (VC) were used as radical scavengers to confirm the generation of the hydroxyl radicals ((•)OH). In addition, the influence of some parameters such as TiO2 mass ratio content, irradiation time, material dose, DPCI concentration and MW power on the determination of (•)OH were examined. The results showed that the (•)OH could be generated under MW combined with loaded TiO2/AC. Also, anatase TiO2/AC can generate more (•)OH radicals than rutile TiO2/AC under MW irradiation. This work would provide new mechanistic insights on the enhanced degradation effect of organic pollutants in water using the supported TiO2/AC coupled with MW technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohong Zhang
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China.
| | - Fengyang Yu
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Lirong Huang
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | | | - Yuanyuan Li
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Lijun Song
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Ning Yu
- Experiment Center of Environmental Monitoring of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110161, China
| | - Dionysios D Dionysiou
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0012, USA.
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14
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Horikoshi S, Serpone N. On the influence of the microwaves’ thermal and non-thermal effects in titania photoassisted reactions. Catal Today 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2013.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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Molecular structure, conformational stability, energetic and intramolecular hydrogen bonding in ground, and electronic excited state of 3-mercapto propeneselenal. Struct Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-013-0381-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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16
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Riaz U, Ashraf SM. Synergistic effect of microwave irradiation and conjugated polymeric catalyst in the facile degradation of dyes. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra06698g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Degradation of Orange G under controlled conditions using microwave irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ufana Riaz
- Materials Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University)
- New Delhi-110025, India
| | - S. M. Ashraf
- Materials Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University)
- New Delhi-110025, India
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17
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Horikoshi S, Minatodani Y, Tsutsumi H, Uchida H, Abe M, Serpone N. Influence of lattice distortion and oxygen vacancies on the UV-driven/microwave-assisted TiO2 photocatalysis. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Nushiro K, Kikuchi S, Yamada T. Extraordinary Microwave Effect on atropo-Enantioselective Catalytic Reduction of Biaryl Lactones. CHEM LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2013.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Nushiro K, Kikuchi S, Yamada T. Microwave effect on catalytic enantioselective Claisen rearrangement. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:8371-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc44610g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Xiong Z, Xu A, Li H, Ruan X, Xia D, Zeng Q. Highly Efficient Photodegradation of Alizarin Green in TiO2Suspensions Using a Microwave Powered Electrodeless Discharged Lamp. Ind Eng Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ie302000f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Horikoshi S, Suttisawat Y, Osawa A, Takayama C, Chen X, Yang S, Sakai H, Abe M, Serpone N. Organic syntheses by microwave selective heating of novel metal/CMC catalysts – The Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction in toluene and the dehydrogenation of tetralin in solvent-free media. J Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2012.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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TAN JIAOJIE, HAO CE, WEI NINGNING, ZHANG MINGXING, DAI XIYANG. TIME-DEPENDENT DENSITY FUNCTIONAL THEORY STUDY ON THE ELECTRONIC EXCITED-STATE HYDROGEN BONDING DYNAMICS OF METHYL ACETATE IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633611006529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) method has been carried out to investigate the hydrogen-bonding dynamics of methyl acetate ( CH 3 CO 2 CH 3) in hydrogen-donating water solvent. The ground-state geometry optimizations, electronic transition energies and corresponding oscillation strengths of the low-lying electronically-excited states for the isolated CH 3 CO 2 CH 3 and H2O monomers, the hydrogen-bonded CH3CO2CH3-(H2O)1, 2 complexes have been calculated using DFT and TDDFT methods respectively. One intermolecular hydrogen bond C=O⋯H–O is formed between CH3CO2CH3 and one water molecule in CH3CO2CH3-H2O dimer. Meanwhile, in CH3CO2CH3-(H2O)2 trimer, two intermolecular hydrogen bonds C=O⋯H–O are formed between CH3CO2CH3 and two water molecules. By theoretically monitoring the excitation energy changes among the CH3CO2CH3 monomer, the CH3CO2CH3-H2O dimer, and the CH3CO2CH3-(H2O)2 trimer, we have demonstrated interestingly that in some electronically-excited states, the intermolecular hydrogen bonds are strengthened inducing electronic spectral redshifts, while in others weakened with electronic spectral blueshifts. The phenomenon that hydrogen bonds are strengthened in some electronic states while weakened in others can arouse further probe into CH3CO2CH3-(H2O)1, 2 complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- JIAO-JIE TAN
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - CE HAO
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - NING-NING WEI
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - MING-XING ZHANG
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - XI-YANG DAI
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
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Dong H, Hao C, Chen J, Qiu J. Time-dependent density functional theory study on the hydrogen bonding in electronic excited states of 6-amino-3-((thiophen-2-yl) methylene)-phthalide in methanol solution. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2011.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Miao C, Shi Y. Reconsideration on hydrogen bond strengthening or cleavage of photoexcited coumarin 102 in aqueous solvent: A DFT/TDDFT study. J Comput Chem 2011; 32:3058-61. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.21888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Revised: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Horikoshi S, Muratani M, Miyabe K, Ohmura K, Hirowatari T, Serpone N, Abe M. Influence of humidity and of the electric and magnetic microwave radiation fields on the remediation of TCE-contaminated natural sandy soils. J Oleo Sci 2011; 60:375-83. [PMID: 21701102 DOI: 10.5650/jos.60.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of moisture content (15% w/w) on the remediation (vaporization) of trichloroethylene (TCE) present in natural sands, chosen as a TCE-polluted model system for soils, was investigated with regard to applied microwave power levels, the depth of the sand sample, and the dielectric factors. The heating process occurring in the sand samples arises through the microwave conduction loss heating and dielectric loss heating mechanisms. The characteristic relevance of the electric and magnetic microwave radiation fields to the heating mechanisms was also examined. Heating by the magnetic microwave radiation field was considerable when magnetite was added to the dry and wet sand samples as the microwave absorber. Optimal microwave conditions are reported for a single-mode microwave applicator. Near-quantitative elimination of the TCE contaminant was achieved for sandy soils within a very short time.
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Horikoshi S, Abe M, Sato S, Serpone N. Effect of microwave radiation on the (Raman) lattice phonons in selected titanium dioxide solid specimens. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2011.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Wang H, Wang M, Liu E, Xin M, Yang C. DFT/TDDFT study on the excited-state hydrogen bonding dynamics of hydrogen-bonded complex formed by methyl cyanide and methanol. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2010.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Ju Y, Fang J, Liu X, Xu Z, Ren X, Sun C, Yang S, Ren Q, Ding Y, Yu K, Wang L, Wei Z. Photodegradation of crystal violet in TiO(2) suspensions using UV-vis irradiation from two microwave-powered electrodeless discharge lamps (EDL(-2)): products, mechanism and feasibility. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 185:1489-1498. [PMID: 21095059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.10.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2010] [Revised: 10/11/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous crystal violet (CV) solutions containing P25-TiO(2) photocatalyst were irradiated with ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) light from two microwave-powered electrodeless discharge lamps (EDL(-2)). The results demonstrated that approximately 94.4% of CV was effectively removed after 3 min of irradiation, with a pseudo-first order kinetic constant of 0.838 min(-1). According to 32 kinds of products, a five-step degradation pathway of CV was proposed. Further investigations showed that (1) three kinds of N-demethylated products and 4-dimethylaminobenzophenone (DLBP) were the main intermediates; (2) malachite green (MG) and leuco-crystal violet could not be generated by N-demethylation and phototransformation reactions, respectively; (3) bis(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)methanone preferentially generated via decomposition of the conjugated structure of CV could be further N-demethylated into DLBP. Moreover, the unique degradation pathways of CV and MG were ascribed to the different substituents on the conjugated structures. Additionally, the cost and kinetic constant of different processes was also evaluated, and the results indicated the feasibility of this method for treatment of CV in field situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongming Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
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Hao C, Wang R, Zhang M, Yang H, Ge M, Chen J, Qiu J. Role of the intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonding on the excited-state proton transfer behavior of 3-aminophthalimide (3AP) dimer. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2010.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Horikoshi S, Minatodani Y, Sakai H, Abe M, Serpone N. Characteristics of microwaves on second generation nitrogen-doped TiO2 nanoparticles and their effect on photoassisted processes. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2010.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Angeli V, Ferrari C, Longo I, Onor M, D’Ulivo A, Bramanti E. Microwave-Assisted Photochemical Reactor for the Online Oxidative Decomposition and Determination of p-Hydroxymercurybenzoate and Its Thiolic Complexes by Cold Vapor Generation Atomic Fluorescence Detection. Anal Chem 2010; 83:338-43. [DOI: 10.1021/ac102462x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Angeli
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici, Area di Ricerca, Via G. Moruzzi 1 56124 Pisa, Italy, and Italian National Research Council-INO-UOS PISA, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Area di Ricerca, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Carlo Ferrari
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici, Area di Ricerca, Via G. Moruzzi 1 56124 Pisa, Italy, and Italian National Research Council-INO-UOS PISA, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Area di Ricerca, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Iginio Longo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici, Area di Ricerca, Via G. Moruzzi 1 56124 Pisa, Italy, and Italian National Research Council-INO-UOS PISA, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Area di Ricerca, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Massimo Onor
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici, Area di Ricerca, Via G. Moruzzi 1 56124 Pisa, Italy, and Italian National Research Council-INO-UOS PISA, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Area di Ricerca, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro D’Ulivo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici, Area di Ricerca, Via G. Moruzzi 1 56124 Pisa, Italy, and Italian National Research Council-INO-UOS PISA, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Area di Ricerca, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Emilia Bramanti
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici, Area di Ricerca, Via G. Moruzzi 1 56124 Pisa, Italy, and Italian National Research Council-INO-UOS PISA, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Area di Ricerca, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Serpone N, Horikoshi S, Emeline AV. Microwaves in advanced oxidation processes for environmental applications. A brief review. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2010.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Horikoshi S, Abe H, Torigoe K, Abe M, Serpone N. Access to small size distributions of nanoparticles by microwave-assisted synthesis. Formation of Ag nanoparticles in aqueous carboxymethylcellulose solutions in batch and continuous-flow reactors. NANOSCALE 2010; 2:1441-1447. [PMID: 20820732 DOI: 10.1039/c0nr00141d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This article examines the effect(s) of the 2.45-GHz microwave (MW) radiation in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles in aqueous media by reduction of the diaminesilver(i) complex, [Ag(NH(3))(2)](+), with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) in both batch-type and continuous-flow reactor systems with a particular emphasis on the characteristics of the microwaves in this process and the size distributions. This microwave thermally-assisted synthesis is compared to a conventional heating (CH) method, both requiring a reaction temperature of 100 degrees C to produce the nanoparticles, in both cases leading to the formation of silver colloids with different size distributions. Reduction of the diaminesilver(i) precursor complex, [Ag(NH(3))(2)](+), by CMC depended on the solution temperature. Cooling the reactor during the heating process driven with 390-Watt microwaves (MW-390W/Cool protocol) yielded silver nanoparticles with sizes spanning the range 1-2 nm. By contrast, the size distribution of Ag nanoparticles with 170-Watt microwaves (no cooling; MW-170W protocol) was in the range 1.4-3.6 nm (average size approximately 3 nm). The overall results suggest the potential for a scale-up process in the microwave-assisted synthesis of nanoparticles. Based on the present data, a flow-through microwave reactor system is herein proposed for the continuous production of silver nanoparticles. The novel flow reactor system (flow rate, 600 mL min(-1)) coupled to 1200-Watt microwave radiation generated silver nanoparticles with a size distribution 0.7-2.8 nm (average size ca. 1.5 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Horikoshi
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
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Horikoshi S, Fukui M, Tsuchiya K, Abe M, Serpone N. Microwave specific effects in organic synthesis: A proposed model from the solvent-free synthesis of monoglycerylcetyldimethylammonium chloride. Chem Phys Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2010.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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