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Ding Y, Huang X, Ji T, Qi C, Gao X, Wei R. The emerging roles of miRNA-mediated autophagy in ovarian cancer. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:314. [PMID: 38702325 PMCID: PMC11068799 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06677-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the common tumors of the female reproductive organs. It has a high mortality rate, is highly heterogeneous, and early detection and primary prevention are very complex. Autophagy is a cellular process in which cytoplasmic substrates are targeted for degradation in lysosomes through membrane structures called autophagosomes. The periodic elimination of damaged, aged, and redundant cellular molecules or organelles through the sequential translation between amino acids and proteins by two biological processes, protein synthesis, and autophagic protein degradation, helps maintain cellular homeostasis. A growing number of studies have found that autophagy plays a key regulatory role in ovarian cancer. Interestingly, microRNAs regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level and thus can regulate the development and progression of ovarian cancer through the regulation of autophagy in ovarian cancer. Certain miRNAs have recently emerged as important regulators of autophagy-related gene expression in cancer cells. Moreover, miRNA analysis studies have now identified a sea of aberrantly expressed miRNAs in ovarian cancer tissues that can affect autophagy in ovarian cancer cells. In addition, miRNAs in plasma and stromal cells in tumor patients can affect the expression of autophagy-related genes and can be used as biomarkers of ovarian cancer progression. This review focuses on the potential significance of miRNA-regulated autophagy in the diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamin Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xuan Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Tuo Ji
- Institute of Clinical Oncology, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang City (Cancer Hospital of Lianyungang), Lianyungang, China
| | - Cong Qi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xuzhu Gao
- Institute of Clinical Oncology, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang City (Cancer Hospital of Lianyungang), Lianyungang, China.
| | - Rongbin Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China.
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2
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Rani D, Gulati V, Guleria M, Singh SP, Agarwal J. Aqueous synthesis of 2-aryl-3-nitro-2H chromenes via l-prolinamide mediated tandem oxa-Michael Henry reactions. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Chin MY, Ang KH, Davies J, Alquezar C, Garda VG, Rooney B, Leng K, Kampmann M, Arkin MR, Kao AW. Phenotypic Screening Using High-Content Imaging to Identify Lysosomal pH Modulators in a Neuronal Cell Model. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:1505-1516. [PMID: 35522480 PMCID: PMC9121341 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are intracellular organelles responsible for the degradation of diverse macromolecules in a cell. A highly acidic pH is required for the optimal functioning of lysosomal enzymes. Loss of lysosomal intralumenal acidity can disrupt cellular protein homeostasis and is linked to age-related diseases such as neurodegeneration. Using a new robust lysosomal pH biosensor (FIRE-pHLy), we developed a cell-based fluorescence assay for high-throughput screening (HTS) and applied it to differentiated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. The goal of this study was twofold: (1) to screen for small molecules that acidify lysosomal pH and (2) to identify molecular targets and pathways that regulate lysosomal pH. We conducted a screen of 1835 bioactive compounds with annotated target information to identify lysosomal pH modulators (both acidifiers and alkalinizers). Forty-five compounds passed the initial hit selection criteria, using a combined analysis approach of population-based and object-based data. Twenty-three compounds were retested in dose-response assays and two compounds, OSI-027 and PP242, were identified as top acidifying hits. Overall, data from this phenotypic HTS screen may be used to explore novel regulatory pathways of lysosomal pH regulation. Additionally, OSI-027 and PP242 may serve as useful tool compounds to enable mechanistic studies of autophagy activation and lysosomal acidification as potential therapeutic pathways for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Y. Chin
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, California 94158, United States
- Small Molecule Discovery Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Kean-Hooi Ang
- Small Molecule Discovery Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Julia Davies
- Small Molecule Discovery Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Carolina Alquezar
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, California 94158, United States
| | - Virginia G. Garda
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, California 94158, United States
- Small Molecule Discovery Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Brendan Rooney
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Kun Leng
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Martin Kampmann
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Michelle R. Arkin
- Small Molecule Discovery Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Aimee W. Kao
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, California 94158, United States
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4
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Zheng Y, Yu Y, Chen XF, Yang SL, Tang XL, Xiang ZG. Intestinal Macrophage Autophagy and its Pharmacological Application in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:803686. [PMID: 34899362 PMCID: PMC8652230 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.803686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), comprised of Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is a group of chronic inflammatory disorders. IBD is regarded as a severe healthcare problem worldwide, with high morbidity and lethality. So far, despite of numerous studies on this issue, the specific mechanisms of IBD still remain unclarified and ideal treatments are not available for IBD. The intestinal mucosal barrier is vital for maintaining the function of the intestinal self-defensive system. Among all of the components, macrophage is an important one in the intestinal self-defensive system, normally protecting the gut against exotic invasion. However, the over-activation of macrophages in pathological conditions leads to the overwhelming induction of intestinal inflammatory and immune reaction, thus damaging the intestinal functions. Autophagy is an important catabolic mechanism. It has been proven to participate the regulation of various kinds of inflammation- and immune-related disorders via the regulation of inflammation in related cells. Here in this paper, we will review the role and mechanism of intestinal macrophage autophagy in IBD. In addition, several well-studied kinds of agents taking advantage of intestinal macrophage autophagy for the treatment of IBD will also be discussed. We aim to bring novel insights in the development of therapeutic strategies against IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, 904 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Wuxi, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xu-Feng Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, 904 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Wuxi, China
| | - Sheng-Lan Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, 904 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiao-Long Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, 904 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Wuxi, China
| | - Zheng-Guo Xiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, 904 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Wuxi, China
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5
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Shafabakhsh R, Arianfar F, Vosough M, Mirzaei HR, Mahjoubin-Tehran M, Khanbabaei H, Kowsari H, Shojaie L, Azar MEF, Hamblin MR, Mirzaei H. Autophagy and gastrointestinal cancers: the behind the scenes role of long non-coding RNAs in initiation, progression, and treatment resistance. Cancer Gene Ther 2021; 28:1229-1255. [PMID: 33432087 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-020-00272-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers comprise a heterogeneous group of complex disorders that affect different organs, including esophagus, stomach, gallbladder, liver, biliary tract, pancreas, small intestine, colon, rectum, and anus. Recently, an explosion in nucleic acid-based technologies has led to the discovery of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that have been found to possess unique regulatory functions. This class of RNAs is >200 nucleotides in length, and is characterized by their lack of protein coding. LncRNAs exert regulatory effects in GI cancer development by affecting different functions such as the proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells, apoptosis, glycolysis and angiogenesis. Over the past few decades, considerable evidence has revealed the important role of autophagy in both GI cancer progression and suppression. In addition, recent studies have confirmed a significant correlation between lncRNAs and the regulation of autophagy. In this review, we summarize how lncRNAs play a behind the scenes role in the pathogenesis of GI cancers through regulation of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Shafabakhsh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Arianfar
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, 1665659911, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahjoubin-Tehran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hashem Khanbabaei
- Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hamed Kowsari
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Layla Shojaie
- Research Center for Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa.
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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6
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Kosic M, Paunovic V, Ristic B, Mircic A, Bosnjak M, Stevanovic D, Kravic-Stevovic T, Trajkovic V, Harhaji-Trajkovic L. 3-Methyladenine prevents energy stress-induced necrotic death of melanoma cells through autophagy-independent mechanisms. J Pharmacol Sci 2021; 147:156-167. [PMID: 34294367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of 3-methyladenine (3MA), a class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-blocking autophagy inhibitor, on cancer cell death induced by simultaneous inhibition of glycolysis by 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) and mitochondrial respiration by rotenone. 2DG/rotenone reduced ATP levels and increased mitochondrial superoxide production, causing mitochondrial swelling and necrotic death in various cancer cell lines. 2DG/rotenone failed to increase proautophagic beclin-1 and autophagic flux in melanoma cells despite the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and inhibition of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). 3MA, but not autophagy inhibition with other PI3K and lysosomal inhibitors, attenuated 2DG/rotenone-induced mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress, ATP depletion, and cell death, while antioxidant treatment mimicked its protective action. The protection was not mediated by autophagy upregulation via class I PI3K/Akt inhibition, as it was preserved in cells with genetically inhibited autophagy. 3MA increased AMPK and mTORC1 activation in energy-stressed cells, but neither AMPK nor mTORC1 inhibition reduced its cytoprotective effect. 3MA reduced JNK activation, and JNK pharmacological/genetic suppression mimicked its mitochondria-preserving and cytoprotective activity. Therefore, 3MA prevents energy stress-triggered cancer cell death through autophagy-independent mechanisms possibly involving JNK suppression and decrease of oxidative stress. Our results warrant caution when using 3MA as an autophagy inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Kosic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 1, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Verica Paunovic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 1, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Ristic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 1, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Mircic
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Visegradska 26, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mihajlo Bosnjak
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Visegradska 26, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Stevanovic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 1, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Kravic-Stevovic
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Visegradska 26, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Trajkovic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 1, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Ljubica Harhaji-Trajkovic
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute for Biological Research, "Sinisa Stankovic"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
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7
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McLeod IX, Saxena R, Carico Z, He YW. Class I PI3K Provide Lipid Substrate in T Cell Autophagy Through Linked Activity of Inositol Phosphatases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:709398. [PMID: 34458267 PMCID: PMC8397451 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.709398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, a highly conserved intracellular process, has been identified as a novel mechanism regulating T lymphocyte homeostasis. Herein, we demonstrate that both starvation- and T cell receptor-mediated autophagy induction requires class I phosphatidylinositol-3 kinases to produce PI(3)P. In contrast, common gamma chain cytokines are suppressors of autophagy despite their ability to activate the PI3K pathway. T cells lacking the PI3KI regulatory subunits, p85 and p55, were almost completely unable to activate TCR-mediated autophagy and had concurrent defects in PI(3)P production. Additionally, T lymphocytes upregulate polyinositol phosphatases in response to autophagic stimuli, and the activity of the inositol phosphatases Inpp4 and SHIP are required for TCR-mediated autophagy induction. Addition of exogenous PI(3,4)P2 can supplement cellular PI(3)P and accelerate the outcome of activation-induced autophagy. TCR-mediated autophagy also requires internalization of the TCR complex, suggesting that this kinase/phosphatase activity is localized in internalized vesicles. Finally, HIV-induced bystander CD4+ T cell autophagy is dependent upon PI3KI. Overall, our data elucidate an important pathway linking TCR activation to autophagy, via induction of PI3KI activity and inositol phosphatase upregulation to produce PI(3)P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian X McLeod
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Ruchi Saxena
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Zachary Carico
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - You-Wen He
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
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8
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Su Z, Guo Y, Huang X, Feng B, Tang L, Zheng G, Zhu Y. Phytochemicals: Targeting Mitophagy to Treat Metabolic Disorders. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:686820. [PMID: 34414181 PMCID: PMC8369426 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.686820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disorders include metabolic syndrome, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular diseases. Due to unhealthy lifestyles such as high-calorie diet, sedentary and physical inactivity, the prevalence of metabolic disorders poses a huge challenge to global human health, which is the leading cause of global human death. Mitochondrion is the major site of adenosine triphosphate synthesis, fatty acid β-oxidation and ROS production. Accumulating evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction-related oxidative stress and inflammation is involved in the development of metabolic disorders. Mitophagy, a catabolic process, selectively degrades damaged or superfluous mitochondria to reverse mitochondrial dysfunction and preserve mitochondrial function. It is considered to be one of the major mechanisms responsible for mitochondrial quality control. Growing evidence shows that mitophagy can prevent and treat metabolic disorders through suppressing mitochondrial dysfunction-induced oxidative stress and inflammation. In the past decade, in order to expand the range of pharmaceutical options, more and more phytochemicals have been proven to have therapeutic effects on metabolic disorders. Many of these phytochemicals have been proved to activate mitophagy to ameliorate metabolic disorders. Given the ongoing epidemic of metabolic disorders, it is of great significance to explore the contribution and underlying mechanisms of mitophagy in metabolic disorders, and to understand the effects and molecular mechanisms of phytochemicals on the treatment of metabolic disorders. Here, we investigate the mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction in metabolic disorders and discuss the potential of targeting mitophagy with phytochemicals for the treatment of metabolic disorders, with a view to providing a direction for finding phytochemicals that target mitophagy to prevent or treat metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuqing Su
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanru Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiufang Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lipeng Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangjuan Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Lin X, Lai X, Feng W, Yu X, Gu Q, Zheng X. MiR-30a sensitized lung cancer against neoadjuvant chemotherapy by depressing autophagy. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2021; 51:675-684. [PMID: 33537721 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyaa272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was aimed at exploring whether miR-30a enhanced sensitivity of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells against neoadjuvant chemotherapy through an autophagy-dependent way. METHODS We totally recruited 304 NSCLC patients who have underwent chemotherapy, as well as 185 NSCLC patients who did not receive chemotherapy. NSCLC cell lines (i.e. H1299 and H460) were also purchased, and they were transfected by miR-30a mimic/inhibitor. Furthermore, cisplatin (DDP)/pemetrexed (PEM) resistance of NSCLC cells was assessed utilizing MTT assay, and autophagic proteins isolated from NSCLC tissues and cells were quantitated by western blotting. RESULTS Lowly expressed miR-30a was reflective of lymph node metastasis, advanced TNM stage and poor 5-year survival among NSCLC patients treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy (i.e. combined treatment of DDP and PEM) (P < 0.05). Moreover, DDP combined with PEM attenuated viability and proliferation, but, on the contrary, promoted autophagy of H1299 and H460 cell lines (P < 0.05). However, miR-30a undermined resistance of NSCLC cells against DDP and PEM (P < 0.05), and it suppressed DDP/PEM-induced autophagy and promoted DDP/PEM-triggered apoptosis of NSCLC cells (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Intentionally elevating miR-30a expression was conducive to improving NSCLC prognosis after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, for its depressing drug-caused autophagy and resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiao Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Radiotherapy, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Science (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou City, China
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Liu W, Gu R, Lou Y, He C, Zhang Q, Li D. Emodin-induced autophagic cell death hinders epithelial-mesenchymal transition via regulation of BMP-7/TGF-β1 in renal fibrosis. J Pharmacol Sci 2021; 146:216-225. [PMID: 34116735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We aim to explore the effects of emodin and its mechanisms on renal fibrosis (RF). We firstly modeled adriamycin-induced rat RF with unilateral nephrectomy. In vivo and in vitro pharmacological experiments were performed in this study. The presence of collagen deposition was detected by Masson staining. To verify whether emodin attenuates RF by monitoring autophagy, the immunohistochemistry staining for autophagy protein LC3B was performed. We conducted western blot to detect the expression of the autophagy-related proteins in EMT in vitro model after treating with emotin and BMP-7. In vivo, we demonstrated that emodin could improve renal dysfunction and decrease pathological damage of the kidney by activation of autophagy and inhibition of EMT. Upregulation of BMP-7 was recorded in the RF rats subjected to emodin treatment. In vitro studies, emodin has the capacity of reversing EMT and activating autophagy, and emodin could regulate the expression of BMP-7. The results revealed that the attenuation of EMT by emodin could be blocked after the inhibition of BMP-7 and suppression of autophagy. Our findings demonstrated that emodin alleviates EMT during RF by actuating autophagy through BMP-7, suggesting a role of BMP-7 in RF treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Urology Surgery, PuTuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, PR China
| | - Renze Gu
- Department of Urology Surgery, PuTuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, PR China
| | - Yujiao Lou
- Department of Urology Surgery, PuTuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, PR China
| | - Chunfeng He
- Department of Urology Surgery, PuTuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, PR China
| | - Qingchuan Zhang
- Department of Urology Surgery, PuTuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, PR China.
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, PR China.
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11
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Kma L, Baruah TJ. The interplay of ROS and the PI3K/Akt pathway in autophagy regulation. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2021; 69:248-264. [PMID: 33442914 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy causes the breakdown of damaged proteins and organelles to their constituent components. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway played an important role in regulating the autophagic response of cells in response to changing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. The PI3K α catalytic subunit inhibits autophagy, while its β catalytic subunit promotes autophagy in response to changes in ROS levels. The downstream Akt protein acts against autophagy initiation in response to increases in ROS levels under nutrient-rich conditions. Akt acts by activating a mechanistic target of the rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and by arresting autophagic gene expression. The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) protein counteracts the Akt actions. mTORC1 and mTORC2 inhibit autophagy under moderate ROS levels, but under high ROS levels, mTORC2 can promote cellular senescence via autophagy. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) protein are the negative regulators of the PI3K pathway, and it has proautophagic activities. Studies conducted on cells treated with flavonoids and ionizing radiation showed that the moderate increase in ROS levels in the flavonoid-treated groups corresponded with higher PTEN levels and lowered Akt levels leading to a higher occurrence of autophagy. In contrast, higher ROS levels evoked by ionizing radiation caused a lowering of the incidence of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakhan Kma
- Cancer and Radiation Countermeasures Unit, Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
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12
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Wei YX, Dong SM, Wang YY, Zhang P, Sun MY, Wei YX, Meng XC, Wang Y. Autophagy participates in the protection role of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in acute myocardial infarction via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Cell Biol Int 2020; 45:394-403. [PMID: 33146448 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with acute myocardial infarction (AMI); thus we aimed to explore improvement effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD3) on the AMI and its potential mechanism. AMI models were constructed using male C57/BL6J mice and randomly treated with normal saline or VD3, using sham rats as control. Heart functions, myocardial damage, apoptosis, and inflammation were evaluated. Cardiomyocytes isolated from 3-day-old suckling mice were used for in vitro verification. After VD3 treatment, AMI-induced cardiac dysfunction was reversed with better cardiac function parameters. VD3 treatment reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and myocardial infarction area accompanied by the reduction of inflammatory factors and myocardial infarction markers compared with the AMI group. VD3 treatment obviously alleviated AMI-induced myocardial apoptosis, along with Bcl-2 upregulation and downregulation of caspase-3, caspase-9, and Bax. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments revealed that VD3 enhanced the expression of LC3II and Beclin-1 and decreased soluble p62. Furthermore, VD3 enhanced the AMI-caused inhibition of PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR expression, which was conversely reversed by the addition of 3-methyladenine in vitro. The study highlights the improvement effects of VD3 on cardiac functions. We proposed a potential mechanism that VD3 protects against myocardial damage, inflammation, and apoptosis by promoting autophagy through PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Xia Wei
- Department of Emergency, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.,Department of Cardiovascular, Shijiazhuang HuaYao Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Shi-Min Dong
- Department of Emergency, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wang
- Department of Respiratory, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Pu Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Ming-Yu Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular, Shijiazhuang HuaYao Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yun-Xiao Wei
- Department of Neurology, Shijiazhuang HuaYao Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xian-Ce Meng
- Department of Neurology, Shijiazhuang HuaYao Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Respiratory, Shijiazhuang HuaYao Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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13
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Wang SY, Zhao JM, Zhou CL, Zheng HD, Huang Y, Zhao M, Zhang ZY, Wu LY, Wu HG, Liu HR. Herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion inhibits colonic autophagy in Crohn’s disease via signaling involving distinct classes of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:5997-6014. [PMID: 33132650 PMCID: PMC7584057 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i39.5997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved biological process in eukaryotic cells that involves lysosomal-mediated degradation and recycling of related cellular components. Recent studies have shown that autophagy plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Crohn’s disease (CD). Herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion (HM) has been historically practiced to treat CD. However, the mechanism by which HM regulates colonic autophagy in CD remains unclear.
AIM To observe whether HM can alleviate CD by regulating colonic autophagy and to elucidate the underlying mechanism.
METHODS Rats were randomly divided into a normal control (NC) group, a CD group, an HM group, an insulin + CD (I + CD) group, an insulin + HM (I + HM) group, a rapamycin + CD (RA + CD) group, and a rapamycin + HM (RA + HM) group. 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid was administered to establish a CD model. The morphology of the colonic mucosa was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining, and the formation of autophagosomes was observed by electron microscopy. The expression of autophagy marker microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta (LC3B) was observed by immunofluorescence staining. Insulin and rapamycin were used to inhibit and activate colonic autophagy, respectively. The mRNA expression levels of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase class I (PI3KC1), Akt1, LC3B, sequestosome 1 (p62), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) were evaluated by RT-qPCR. The protein expression levels of interleukin 18 (IL-18), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nuclear factor κB/p65 (NF-κB p65), LC3B, p62, coiled-coil myosin-like BCL2-interacting protein (Beclin-1), p-mTOR, PI3KC1, class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3KC3/Vps34), and p-Akt were evaluated by Western blot analysis.
RESULTS Compared with the NC group, the CD group showed severe damage to colon tissues and higher expression levels of IL-18 and NF-κB p65 in colon tissues (P < 0.01 for both). Compared with the CD group, the HM group showed significantly lower levels of these proteins (PIL-18 < 0.01 and Pp65 < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the expression of TNF-α protein in colon tissue among the rat groups. Typical autophagic vesicles were found in both the CD and HM groups. The expression of the autophagy proteins LC3B and Beclin-1 was upregulated (P < 0.01 for both) in the colon tissues of rats in the CD group compared with the NC group, while the protein expression of p62 and p-mTOR was downregulated (P < 0.01 for both). However, these expression trends were significantly reversed in the HM group compared with the CD group (PLC3B < 0.01, PBeclin-1 < 0.05, Pp62 < 0.05, and Pm-TOR < 0.05). Compared with those in the RA + CD group, the mRNA expression levels of PI3KC1, Akt1, mTOR, and p62 in the RA + HM group were significantly higher (PPI3KC1 < 0.01 and PAkt1, mTOR, and p62 < 0.05), while those of LC3B were significantly lower (P < 0.05). Compared with the RA + CD group, the RA + HM group exhibited significantly higher PI3KC1, p-Akt1, and p-mTOR protein levels (PPI3KC1 < 0.01, Pp-Akt1 < 0.05, and Pp-mTOR < 0.01), a higher p62 protein level (P = 0.057), and significantly lower LC3B and Vps34 protein levels (P < 0.01 for both) in colon tissue.
CONCLUSION HM can activate PI3KC1/Akt1/mTOR signaling while inhibiting the PI3KC3 (Vps34)-Beclin-1 protein complex in the colon tissues of CD rats, thereby inhibiting overactivated autophagy and thus exerting a therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Immunology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Ji-Meng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Immunology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Ci-Li Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Immunology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Han-Dan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Immunology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Immunology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Immunology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Zhi-Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Immunology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Lu-Yi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Immunology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Huan-Gan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Immunology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Hui-Rong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Immunology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai 200030, China
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14
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Liu J, Guo ZN, Yan XL, Huang S, Ren JX, Luo Y, Yang Y. Crosstalk Between Autophagy and Ferroptosis and Its Putative Role in Ischemic Stroke. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:577403. [PMID: 33132849 PMCID: PMC7566169 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.577403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved process to maintains homeostasis via the degradation of toxic cell contents, which can either promote cell survival or accelerate cellular demise. Ferroptosis is a recently discovered iron-dependent cell death pathway associated with the accumulation of lethal reactive lipid species. In the past few years, an increasing number of studies have suggested the crosstalk between autophagy and ferroptosis. Ischemic stroke is a complex brain disease regulated by several cell death pathways, including autophagy and ferroptosis. However, the potential links between autophagy and ferroptosis in ischemic stroke have not yet been explored. In this review, we briefly overview the mechanisms of ferroptosis and autophagy, as well as their possible connections in ischemic stroke. The elucidation of crosstalk between different cell death pathways may provide insight into new future ischemic stroke therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Changchun, China
| | - Zhen-Ni Guo
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, Changchun, China
| | - Xiu-Li Yan
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuo Huang
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Changchun, China
| | - Jia-Xin Ren
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, Changchun, China
| | - Yun Luo
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Changchun, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Changchun, China
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15
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Enhancing therapeutic efficacy of oncolytic vaccinia virus armed with Beclin-1, an autophagic Gene in leukemia and myeloma. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:110030. [PMID: 32187960 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Different strategies were taken to make virotherapy more effective at killing cancer cells. Among them, oncolytic virus which arms the therapeutic gene to enhance antitumor activity is a prevalent approach. In this study, a newly developed oncolytic vaccinia virus (OVV) that expresses Beclin-1 (OVV-BECN1) was tested for its in vitro and in vivo oncolytic activity in blood cancer. Results showed that the OVV exhibited higher infectivity for leukemia cells. OVV-BECN1 induced significant apoptosis-independent cell death either in wild-type leukemia and multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines or caspase-3 shRNA leukemia cell lines, and had a superior antitumor activity compared to the parent OVV. Autophagic cell death induced by OVV-BECN1 was demonstrated in vitro and in vivo experiments. Finally, upregulation of SIRT-1, a member of class III histone deacetylases, by OVV-BECN1 resulted in the deacetylation of LC3 and its distribution from the nucleus toward the cytoplasm, which might contribute to induction of autophagy. Overall, our data showed a favorable therapeutic effect of the oncolytic vaccinia virus on blood cancers through oncolytic and autophagic mechanisms, and may therefore constitute a promising and effective therapeutic strategy for treating human leukemia and MM. However, further studies are warranted for its reliable clinical translation.
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16
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Tang Y, Zhang Y, Liu S, Sun Z, Wang C, Li L, Zhou W, Cheng S. 14-3-3ζ binds to and stabilizes phospho-beclin 1 S295 and induces autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 24:954-964. [PMID: 31709727 PMCID: PMC6933394 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) indicate that the expression levels of 14‐3‐3ζ and beclin 1 (a key molecule involved in cellular autophagy) are up‐regulated and positively correlated with each other (R = .5, P < .05) in HCC tissues. Chemoresistance developed in hepatoma cancer cells is associated with autophagy initiation. This study aimed to explore 14‐3‐3ζ’s role in regulating autophagy in HCC cells, with a focus on beclin 1. The co‐localization of 14‐3‐3ζ and beclin 1 was detectable in primary HCC tissues. To simulate in vivo tumour microenvironment (hypoxia), CSQT‐2 and HCC‐LM3 cells were exposed to 2% oxygen for 24 hours. The protein levels of 14‐3‐3ζ and phospho‐beclin 1S295 peaked at 12 hours following hypoxia. Meanwhile, the strongest autophagy flux occurred: LC3II was increased, and p62 was decreased significantly. By sequencing the coding area of BECN 1 gene of CSQT‐2 and HCC‐LM3 cells, we found that the predicted translational products of BECN 1 gene contained RLPS295VP (R, arginine; L, leucine; P, proline; S, serine; V, valine), a classic 14‐3‐3ζ binding motif. CO‐IP results confirmed that 14‐3‐3ζ bound to beclin 1, and this connection was markedly weakened when S295 was mutated into A295 (alanine). Further, 14‐3‐3ζ overexpression prevented phospho‐beclin 1S295 from degradation and enhanced its binding to VPS34, whilst its knockdown accelerated the degradation. Additionally, 14‐3‐3ζ enhanced the chemoresistance of HCC cells to cis‐diammined dichloridoplatium by activating autophagy. Our work reveals that 14‐3‐3ζ binds to and stabilizes phospho‐beclin 1S295 and induces autophagy in HCC cells to resist chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufu Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Yibing Zhang
- Department of Medical Affairs, The General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Shupeng Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongyi Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Chunhui Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Longfei Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenping Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuqun Cheng
- Department of Liver Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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17
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Su Z, Nie Y, Huang X, Zhu Y, Feng B, Tang L, Zheng G. Mitophagy in Hepatic Insulin Resistance: Therapeutic Potential and Concerns. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1193. [PMID: 31649547 PMCID: PMC6795753 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome, characterized by central obesity, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia, increases the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and other metabolic diseases. It is well known that insulin resistance, especially hepatic insulin resistance, is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome. Current research has shown that hepatic fatty acid accumulation can cause hepatic insulin resistance through increased gluconeogenesis, lipogenesis, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress, and impaired insulin signal pathway. Mitochondria are the major sites of fatty acid β-oxidation, which is the major degradation mechanism of fatty acids. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been shown to be involved in the development of hepatic fatty acid–induced hepatic insulin resistance. Mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy), a catabolic process, selectively degrades damaged mitochondria to reverse mitochondrial dysfunction and preserve mitochondrial dynamics and function. Therefore, mitophagy can promote mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation to inhibit hepatic fatty acid accumulation and improve hepatic insulin resistance. Here, we review advances in our understanding of the relationship between mitophagy and hepatic insulin resistance. Additionally, we also highlight the potential value of mitophagy in the treatment of hepatic insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuqing Su
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yutong Nie
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiufang Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lipeng Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangjuan Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Bhattacharya A, mani Shukla P, Kumar Kaushik L, Maji B. Synthesis of chromans and kinetic resolution of 2-aryl-3-nitro-2H-chromenes via the NHC-bound azolium homoenolate pathway. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00868c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Herein, an effective kinetic resolution (KR) of racemate 2-aryl-3-nitro-2H-chromenes to afford synthetically valuable chromans and 2H-chromenes through an NHC-bound acyl azolium homoenolate pathway has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemistry
- Indira Gandhi National Tribal University
- Amarkantak-484886
- India
| | | | - Lalit Kumar Kaushik
- Department of Chemistry
- Indira Gandhi National Tribal University
- Amarkantak-484886
- India
| | - Biswajit Maji
- Department of Chemistry
- Indira Gandhi National Tribal University
- Amarkantak-484886
- India
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19
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Li WD, Zhou DM, Sun LL, Xiao L, Liu Z, Zhou M, Wang WB, Li XQ. LncRNA WTAPP1 Promotes Migration and Angiogenesis of Endothelial Progenitor Cells via MMP1 Through MicroRNA 3120 and Akt/PI3K/Autophagy Pathways. Stem Cells 2018; 36:1863-1874. [PMID: 30171660 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Dong Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital; Nanjing University Medical School; Nanjing JiangSu People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Ming Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital; Nanjing University Medical School; Nanjing JiangSu People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Li Sun
- Department of Vascular Surgery; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Suzhou JiangSu People's Republic of China
| | - Lun Xiao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital; Nanjing University Medical School; Nanjing JiangSu People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital; Nanjing University Medical School; Nanjing JiangSu People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital; Nanjing University Medical School; Nanjing JiangSu People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bin Wang
- Department of General Surgery; The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University; HeFei People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital; Nanjing University Medical School; Nanjing JiangSu People's Republic of China
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20
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Yu ZK, Yang B, Zhang Y, Li LS, Zhao JN, Hao W. Modified Huangqi Chifeng decoction inhibits excessive autophagy to protect against Doxorubicin-induced nephrotic syndrome in rats via the PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:2490-2498. [PMID: 30210600 PMCID: PMC6122515 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate whether modified Huangqi Chifeng decoction (MHCD) could be an effective treatment against Doxorubicin-induced nephrosis in rats and whether it regulates autophagy via the phosphoinositide-3 kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/mTOR) signaling pathway. A total of 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into blank, model, telmisartan and MHCD groups. The rat model of nephrosis was induced by intragastric administration of Doxorubicin for 8 weeks. Rats were housed in metabolic cages and urine was collected once every 2 weeks to measure 24-h protein levels. Blood samples were obtained from the abdominal aorta and levels of albumin (ALB), total cholesterol (TCH), triacylglyceride (TG) and serum creatinine (Scr) were assessed. Renal pathological changes were examined using hematoxylin-eosin, Masson's trichome and periodic acid-Schiff staining. Podocytes and autophagosomes were observed using an electron microscope. The expression and distribution of microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B (LC3), LC3-I, LC3-II, beclin-1, PI3K and mTOR were determined using immunohistochemistry and western blotting. At weeks 6 and 8, 24-h proteinuria significantly decreased in the MHCD group compared with the model group (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the MHCD group exhibited significantly reduced levels of TG, TCH and Scr, as well as significantly increased ALB levels (P<0.05). MHCD was demonstrated to prevent glomerular and podocyte injury. The number of autophagosomes was significantly decreased and the expression of beclin-1, LC3, LC3-I and LC3-II was inhibited following MHCD treatment compared with the model group (P<0.05). MHCD treatment significantly increased the expression of PI3K and mTOR in Doxorubicin nephrotic rats compared with the model group (P<0.05). In conclusion, MHCD was demonstrated to ameliorate proteinuria and protect against glomerular and podocyte injury by inhibiting excessive autophagy via the PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Kai Yu
- Department of Nephropathy, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Pathology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Nephropathy, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Liu-Sheng Li
- Department of Nephropathy, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Ning Zhao
- Experimental Research Center, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Wei Hao
- Experimental Research Center, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
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21
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Fusco C, Mandriani B, Di Rienzo M, Micale L, Malerba N, Cocciadiferro D, Sjøttem E, Augello B, Squeo GM, Pellico MT, Jain A, Johansen T, Fimia GM, Merla G. TRIM50 regulates Beclin 1 proautophagic activity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:908-919. [PMID: 29604308 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a catabolic process needed for maintaining cell viability and homeostasis in response to numerous stress conditions. Emerging evidence indicates that the ubiquitin system has a major role in this process. TRIMs, an E3 ligase protein family, contribute to selective autophagy acting as receptors and regulators of the autophagy proteins recognizing endogenous or exogenous targets through intermediary autophagic tags, such as ubiquitin. Here we report that TRIM50 fosters the initiation phase of starvation-induced autophagy and associates with Beclin1, a central component of autophagy initiation complex. We show that TRIM50, via the RING domain, ubiquitinates Beclin 1 in a K63-dependent manner enhancing its binding with ULK1 and autophagy activity. Finally, we found that the Lys-372 residue of TRIM50, critical for its own acetylation, is necessary for its E3 ligase activity that governs Beclin1 ubiquitination. Our study expands the roles of TRIMs in regulating selective autophagy, revealing an acetylation-ubiquitination dependent control for autophagy modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Fusco
- Division of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, Viale Cappuccini, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Barbara Mandriani
- Division of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, Viale Cappuccini, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Martina Di Rienzo
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS 'L. Spallanzani', Rome, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Micale
- Division of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, Viale Cappuccini, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Natascia Malerba
- Division of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, Viale Cappuccini, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Dario Cocciadiferro
- Division of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, Viale Cappuccini, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; Ph.D Program in Experimental and Regenerative Medicine, University of Foggia, Italy
| | - Eva Sjøttem
- Molecular Cancer Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø-The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Bartolomeo Augello
- Division of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, Viale Cappuccini, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Gabriella Maria Squeo
- Division of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, Viale Cappuccini, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Pellico
- Division of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, Viale Cappuccini, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Ashish Jain
- Molecular Cancer Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø-The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, N-0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Terje Johansen
- Molecular Cancer Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø-The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Gian Maria Fimia
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS 'L. Spallanzani', Rome, Italy; Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Merla
- Division of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, Viale Cappuccini, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.
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Liu ML, Zhang Q, Yuan X, Jin L, Wang LL, Fang TT, Wang WB. Long noncoding RNA RP4 functions as a competing endogenous RNA through miR-7-5p sponge activity in colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:1004-1012. [PMID: 29531464 PMCID: PMC5840465 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i9.1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the role of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) RP4 in colorectal cancer.
METHODS Lentivirus-mediated lncRNA RP4 overexpression and knockdown were performed in the colorectal cancer cell line SW480. Cell proliferation, tumor growth, and early apoptosis were evaluated by a cell counting kit-8 assay, an in vivo xenograft tumor model, and annexin V/propidium iodide staining, respectively. Analysis of the lncRNA RP4 mechanism involved assessment of the association of its expression with miR-7-5p and the SH3GLB1 gene. Western blot analysis was also performed to assess the effect of lncRNA RP4 on the autophagy-mediated cell death pathway and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling.
RESULTS Cell proliferation, tumor growth, and early apoptosis in SW480 cells were negatively regulated by lncRNA RP4. Functional experiments indicated that lncRNA RP4 directly upregulated SH3GLB1 expression by acting as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for miR-7-5p. This interaction led to activation of the autophagy-mediated cell death pathway and de-repression of PI3K and Akt phosphorylation in colorectal cancer cells in vivo.
CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that lncRNA RP4 is a ceRNA that plays an important role in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer, and could be a potential therapeutic target for colorectal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Lin Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, Anhui Province, China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453100, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiao Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui Province, China
| | - Long Jin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, Anhui Province, China
| | - Li-Li Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, Anhui Province, China
| | - Tao-Tao Fang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, Anhui Province, China
| | - Wen-Bin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui Province, China
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Inhibition of Starvation-Triggered Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Autophagy, and Apoptosis in ARPE-19 Cells by Taurine through Modulating the Expression of Calpain-1 and Calpain-2. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102146. [PMID: 29036897 PMCID: PMC5666828 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex disease with multiple initiators and pathways that converge on death for retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. In this study, effects of taurine on calpains, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and apoptosis in ARPE-19 cells (a human RPE cell line) were investigated. We first confirmed that autophagy, ER stress and apoptosis in ARPE-19 cells were induced by Earle’s balanced salt solution (EBSS) through starvation to induce RPE metabolic stress. Secondly, inhibition of ER stress by 4-phenyl butyric acid (4-PBA) alleviated autophagy and apoptosis, and suppression of autophagy by 3-methyl adenine (3-MA) reduced the cell apoptosis, but the ER stress was minimally affected. Thirdly, the apoptosis, ER stress and autophagy were inhibited by gene silencing of calpain-2 and overexpression of calpain-1, respectively. Finally, taurine suppressed both the changes of the important upstream regulators (calpain-1 and calpain-2) and the activation of ER stress, autophagy and apoptosis, and taurine had protective effects on the survival of ARPE-19 cells. Collectively, this data indicate that taurine inhibits starvation-triggered endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, and apoptosis in ARPE-19 cells by modulating the expression of calpain-1 and calpain-2.
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