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Oguma T, Kanazawa T, Kaneko YK, Sato R, Serizawa M, Ooka A, Yamaguchi M, Ishikawa T, Kondo H. Effects of phospholipid type and particle size on lipid nanoparticle distribution in vivo and in pancreatic islets. J Control Release 2024; 373:917-928. [PMID: 39079658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have recently been used as nanocarriers in drug delivery systems for nucleic acid drugs. Their practical applications are currently primarily limited to the liver and specific organs. However, altering the type and composition ratio of phospholipids improves their distribution in organs other than the liver, such as the spleen and lungs. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of LNP components and particle size on in vivo distribution through systemic circulation to pancreatic islets to achieve better targeting of islets, which are a fundamental therapeutic target for diabetes. Fluorescence-labeled LNPs were prepared using three phospholipids: 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC), 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC), and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE), with particle sizes of 30-160 nm (diameter) using a microfluidic device. Baffled-structured iLiNP devices with adjusted flow-rate ratios and total flow rates were used. After the intravenous administration of LNPs to C57BL/6 J mice, the distribution of each LNP type to the major organs, including the pancreas and pancreatic islets, was compared using ex vivo fluorescence imaging and observation of pancreatic tissue sections. DSPC-LNPs- and DOPE-LNPs showed the highest distribution in the spleen and liver, respectively. In contrast, the DOPC-LNPs showed the highest distribution in the pancreas and the lowest distribution in the liver and spleen. In addition, smaller particles showed better distribution throughout the pancreas. The most significant LNP distribution in the islets was observed for DOPC-LNPs with a particle size of 160 nm. Furthermore, larger LNPs tended to be distributed in the islets, whereas smaller LNPs tended to be distributed in the exocrine glands. DOPC-LNPs were distributed in the islets at all cholesterol concentrations, with a high distribution observed at >40% cholesterol and > 3% PEG and the distribution was higher at 24 h than at 4 h. Thus, LNP composition and particle size significantly affected islet distribution characteristics, indicating that DOPC-LNPs may be a drug delivery system for effectively targeting the pancreas and islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Oguma
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; Center for Clinical Research, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1, Handayama, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Takanori Kanazawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Drug Delivery Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Shoumachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan; Innovative Research Center for Drug Delivery System, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Shoumachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan.
| | - Yukiko K Kaneko
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Ren Sato
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Miku Serizawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Drug Delivery Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Akira Ooka
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Momoka Yamaguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Ishikawa
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Hiromu Kondo
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Drug Delivery Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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Baumgartel K. Breastfeeding Measurement - Teleological Considerations: Human Milk Collection for Research. J Hum Lact 2024; 40:356-362. [PMID: 38855832 DOI: 10.1177/08903344241254827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
We discuss the evolution and composition of breast milk and briefly describe how mammalian evolution resulted in lactation, which played a crucial role in infant growth and development. We focus on three teleological factors that significantly contribute to breast milk composition: (1) biological sex at birth, (2) gestational age, and (3) circadian rhythms. We also explain how these factors lead to variability in human milk composition. We emphasize the importance of standardizing the definitions of "preterm" and "term" to accurately study the effects of gestational age on milk composition. Finally, we discuss the role of the circadian clock in regulating lactation and the impact of breast milk on fetal and infant sleep. Investigators may integrate these critical factors when designing a research study that involves the collection of breast milk samples. Teleological factors greatly influence milk composition, and these factors may be considered when designing a study that requires breast milk. We provide both the rationale and application of solutions to address these factors.
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Kaneko YK, Sawatani T, Ishikawa T. Involvement of Diacylglycerol Kinase on the Regulation of Insulin Secretion in Pancreatic β-Cells during Type 2 Diabetes. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2022; 142:457-463. [PMID: 35491149 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.21-00176-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Depression of lipid metabolism in β-cells has been indicated to be one of the causes of impaired insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes. Diacylglycerol (DAG) is an important lipid mediator and is known to regulate insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells. Intracellular DAG accumulation is involved in β-cell dysfunction in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes; thus, the regulation of intracellular DAG levels is likely important for maintaining the β-cell function. We focused on diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs), which strictly regulate intracellular DAG levels, and analyzed the function of type I DGKs (DGKα, γ), which are activated by intracellular Ca2+ and expressed in the cytoplasm, in β-cells. The suppression of the DGKα and γ expression decreased the insulin secretory response, and the decreased expression of DGKα and γ was observed in islets of diabetic model mice. In the pancreatic β-cell line MIN6, 1 μM R59949 (a type I DGK inhibitor) and 10 μM DiC8 (a cell permeable DAG analog) enhanced glucose-induced [Ca2+]i oscillation in a PKC-dependent manner, while 10 μM R59949 and 100 μM DiC8 suppressed [Ca2+]i oscillation and voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel activity in a PKC-independent manner. These results suggest that the intracellular accumulation of DAG by the loss of the DGKα and γ functions regulates insulin secretion in a dual manner depending on the degree of DAG accumulation. The regulation of the insulin secretory response through DAG metabolism by type I DGKs may change depending on the degree of progression of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko K. Kaneko
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Toshiaki Sawatani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Tomohisa Ishikawa
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
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Paul A, Azhar S, Das PN, Bairagi N, Chatterjee S. Elucidating the metabolic characteristics of pancreatic β-cells from patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) using a genome-scale metabolic modeling. Comput Biol Med 2022; 144:105365. [PMID: 35276551 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a global health problem caused primarily by the inability of pancreatic β-cells to secrete adequate insulin. Despite extensive research, the identity of factors contributing to the dysregulated metabolism-secretion coupling in the β-cells remains elusive. The present study attempts to capture some of these factors responsible for the impaired β-cell metabolism-secretion coupling that contributes to diabetes pathogenesis. The metabolic-flux profiles of pancreatic β-cells were predicted using genome-scale metabolic modeling for ten diabetic patients and ten control subjects. Analysis of these flux states shows reduction in the mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation pathways, that leads to decreased insulin secretion in diabetes. We also observed elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation through peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation. In addition, cellular antioxidant defense systems were found to be attenuated in diabetes. Our analysis also uncovered the possible changes in the plasma metabolites in diabetes due to the β-cells failure. These efforts subsequently led to the identification of seven metabolites associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) pathogenesis, thus establishing its link as a secondary complication of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Paul
- Complex Analysis Group, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Salman Azhar
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Phonindra Nath Das
- Department of Mathematics, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Rahara, Kolkata, 700118, India
| | - Nandadulal Bairagi
- Centre for Mathematical Biology and Ecology, Department of Mathematics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Samrat Chatterjee
- Complex Analysis Group, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, India.
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Pang W, Yao W, Dai X, Zhang A, Hou L, Wang L, Wang Y, Huang X, Meng X, Li L. Pancreatic cancer-derived exosomal microRNA-19a induces β-cell dysfunction by targeting ADCY1 and EPAC2. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:3622-3633. [PMID: 34512170 PMCID: PMC8416731 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.56271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
New-onset diabetes mellitus has a rough correlation with pancreatic cancer (PaC), but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the exosomal microRNAs and their potential role in PaC-induced β-cell dysfunction. The pancreatic β cells were treated with isolated exosomes from PaC cell lines, SW1990 and BxPC-3, before measuring the glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), validating that SW1990 and BxPC-3 might disrupt GSIS of both β cell line MIN6 and primary mouse pancreatic islets. The difference in expression profiles between exosomes and exosome-free medium of PaC cell lines was further defined, revealing that miR-19a secreted by PaC cells might be an important signaling molecule in this process. Furthermore, adenylyl cyclase 1 (Adcy1) and exchange protein directly activated by cAMP 2 (Epac2) were verified as the direct targets of exogenous miR-19a, which was involved in insulin secretion. These results indicated that exosomes might be an important mediator in the pathogenesis of PaC-DM, and miR-19a might be the effector molecule. The findings shed light on the pathogenesis of PaC-DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Pang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine affiliating Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Digestive Disease Research and Clinical Translation Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiyan Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine affiliating Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine affiliating Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Aisen Zhang
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical, Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Gerontology, Jiangsu People's Hospital affiliating to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lidan Hou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine affiliating Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Digestive Disease Research and Clinical Translation Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine affiliating Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Digestive Disease Research and Clinical Translation Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine affiliating Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Digestive Disease Research and Clinical Translation Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine affiliating Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Digestive Disease Research and Clinical Translation Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangjun Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine affiliating Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Digestive Disease Research and Clinical Translation Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine affiliating Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Digestive Disease Research and Clinical Translation Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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MicroRNA Sequences Modulated by Beta Cell Lipid Metabolism: Implications for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10060534. [PMID: 34203703 PMCID: PMC8232095 DOI: 10.3390/biology10060534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in lipid metabolism within beta cells and islets contributes to dysfunction and apoptosis of beta cells, leading to loss of insulin secretion and the onset of type 2 diabetes. Over the last decade, there has been an explosion of interest in understanding the landscape of gene expression which influences beta cell function, including the importance of small non-coding microRNA sequences in this context. This review sought to identify the microRNA sequences regulated by metabolic challenges in beta cells and islets, their targets, highlight their function and assess their possible relevance as biomarkers of disease progression in diabetic individuals. Predictive analysis was used to explore networks of genes targeted by these microRNA sequences, which may offer new therapeutic strategies to protect beta cell function and delay the onset of type 2 diabetes.
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