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Yao JY, Teng KH, Liu MC, Wang CS, Liang PH. Characterization of a Cis-Prenyltransferase from Lilium longiflorum Anther. Molecules 2019; 24:E2728. [PMID: 31357567 PMCID: PMC6696123 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A group of prenyltransferases catalyze chain elongation of farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) to designated lengths via consecutive condensation reactions with specific numbers of isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP). cis-Prenyltransferases, which catalyze cis-double bond formation during IPP condensation, usually synthesize long-chain products as lipid carriers to mediate peptidoglycan biosynthesis in prokaryotes and protein glycosylation in eukaryotes. Unlike only one or two cis-prenyltransferases in bacteria, yeast, and animals, plants have several cis-prenyltransferases and their functions are less understood. As reported here, a cis-prenyltransferase from Lilium longiflorum anther, named LLA66, was expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and characterized to produce C40/C45 products without the capability to restore the growth defect from Rer2-deletion, although it was phylogenetically categorized as a long-chain enzyme. Our studies suggest that evolutional mutations may occur in the plant cis-prenyltransferase to convert it into a shorter-chain enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyun-Yu Yao
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsun Teng
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Che Liu
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Co-Shine Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Po-Huang Liang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
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Yue Y, Tian S, Wang Y, Ma H, Liu S, Wang Y, Hu H. Transcriptomic and GC-MS Metabolomic Analyses Reveal the Sink Strength Changes during Petunia Anther Development. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19040955. [PMID: 29570614 PMCID: PMC5979359 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19040955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Petunia, which has been prevalently cultivated in landscaping, is a dicotyledonous herbaceous flower of high ornamental value. Annually, there is a massive worldwide market demand for petunia seeds. The normal development of anther is the necessary prerequisite for the plants to generate seeds. However, the knowledge of petunia anther development processes is still limited. To better understand the mechanisms of petunia anther development, the transcriptomes and metabolomes of petunia anthers at three typical development stages were constructed and then used to detect the gene expression patterns and primary metabolite profiles during the anther development processes. Results suggested that there were many differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) that mainly participated in photosynthesis and starch and sucrose metabolism when DEGs were compared between the different development stages of anthers. In this study, fructose and glucose, which were involved in starch and sucrose metabolism, were taken as the most important metabolites by partial least-squares discriminate analysis (PLS-DA). Additionally, the qRT-PCR analysis of the photosynthetic-related genes all showed decreased expression trends along with the anther development. These pieces of evidence indicated that the activities of energy and carbohydrate metabolic pathways were gradually reduced during all the development stages of anther, which affects the sink strength. Overall, this work provides a novel and comprehensive understanding of the metabolic processes in petunia anthers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzheng Yue
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Province, College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Shaoze Tian
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Hui Ma
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Siyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yuqiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Huirong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Yue Y, Yin C, Guo R, Peng H, Yang Z, Liu G, Bao M, Hu H. An anther-specific gene PhGRP is regulated by PhMYC2 and causes male sterility when overexpressed in petunia anthers. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2017; 36:1401-1415. [PMID: 28597062 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-017-2163-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
An anther-specific GRP gene, regulated by PhMYC2 , causes a significant reduction of male fertility when overexpressed in petunia, and its promoter is efficient in genetic engineering of male-sterile lines. Glycine-rich proteins (GRPs) play important roles in plant anther development; however, the underlying mechanisms and related regulatory networks are poorly understood. In this study, a novel glycine-rich family gene designated as PhGRP was isolated from Petunia hybrida 'Fantasy Red'. The qRT-PCR analysis showed that it expressed specifically in anthers, and its expression peaked earlier than those well-known tapetum-specific genes, such as TA29, and several genes with the classic cis-regulatory element 'anther-box' in petunia during its anther development. The male fertility was significantly reduced in PhGRP overexpression lines, due to the abnormal formation of pollen wall. The PhGRP promoter (pPhGRP) could drive the GUS genes expressing specifically in the anthers of the transgenic Arabidopsis plants, indicating that the anther-specific characteristic of this promoter was conserved. In addition, when pPhGRP was used to drive the expression of BARNASE, complete male-sterile petunia lines were created without changes in vegetative organs and floral parts other than anthers. Finally, when pPhGRP was used as the bait to screen a yeast-one-hybrid (Y1H) library, a transcription factor (PhMYC2) belonging to the bHLH family was successfully selected, and the binding between pPhGRP and PhMYC2 was validated both by Y1H and dual-luciferase reporter assay. Overall, these results suggest that PhGRP, which is a male fertility-related gene that expresses specifically in anthers, is regulated by PhMYC2 and whose promoter can be used as an effective tool in the creation of male-sterile lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzheng Yue
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoqun Yin
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Peng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaonan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Guofeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Manzhu Bao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Huirong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
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Liu MC, Yang CS, Yeh FL, Wei CH, Jane WN, Chung MC, Wang CS. A novel lily anther-specific gene encodes adhesin-like proteins associated with exine formation during anther development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:2023-2037. [PMID: 24591055 PMCID: PMC3991738 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The anther-specific gene LLA1271 isolated from lily (Lilium longiflorum Thunb.) anthers is novel and exists in two forms. The protein encoded by LLA1271 may represent an adhesin-like protein first found in higher plants. The protein contains a typical N-terminal signal peptide followed by a highly conserved repeat domain. The LLA1271 gene is temporally expressed at the phase of microspore development. RNA blot and RNA in situ hybridization analyses demonstrated that the gene was expressed both in the tapetum and in the microspore. The gene is endo- and exogenously induced by gibberellin. Studies with the gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor uniconazole and an inhibitor of ethylene activity, 2,5-norbornadien (NBD), revealed that LLA1271 is negatively regulated by ethylene, and a cross-talk of regulation between gibberellin and ethylene occurs in young anthers. The treatment with NBD caused the tapetum to become densely cytoplasmic and highly polarized, whereas uniconazole arrested tapetal development in a state close to that of a tapetum without treatment. The LLA1271 protein is heat stable and heterogeneous. An immunoblot of separated protein fractions of the anther revealed that the LLA1271 protein was detected in protein fraction of the microspore released from the cell wall by treatment with either 0.5% or 2% Triton X-100. Ectopic expression of LLA1271 resulted in impaired stamen and low pollen germination. Scanning electron microscopy of TAP::LLA1271 pollen showed distorted exine formation and patterning. The LLA1271 protein once synthesized in both the tapetum and microspore is secreted and deposited on the surface of microspores, moderately affecting exine formation and patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Che Liu
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Shou Yang
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Ling Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsuan Wei
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Wann-Neng Jane
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chu Chung
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Co-Shine Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
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Hsu SW, Liu MC, Zen KC, Wang CS. Identification of the tapetum/microspore-specific promoter of the pathogenesis-related 10 gene and its regulation in the anther of Lilium longiflorum. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 215-216:124-133. [PMID: 24388523 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A tapetum/microspore-specific pathogenesis-related (PR) 10 gene was previously identified in lily (Lilium longiflorum Thunb.) anthers. In situ hybridization and RNA blot analysis indicated that the lily PR10 genes are expressed specifically and differentially in the tapetum of the anther wall and in microspores during anther development. The accumulation of PR10 transcripts was exogenously induced by gibberellic acid (GA) and was suppressed by ethylene. Studies using inhibitors of GA and ethylene revealed that the lily PR10 is modulated by an antagonistic interaction between GA and ethylene. The treatment of norbornadien, an ethylene inhibitor, caused the tapetum to become densely cytoplasmic and highly polarized, whereas uniconazole, an inhibitor of GA biosynthesis, arrested tapetal development to a status close to that of control. The expression of the lily PR10g promoter in transgenic Arabidopsis was determined using the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene indicated that the decisive fragment required for anther specificity is located -1183 bp to -880 bp upstream of the transcription start site. The PR10gPro::barnase transgenic lines exhibited complete male sterility because of the disruption of the tapetum and the deformation of microspore/pollen. The anther specificity of lily PR10 highlights the importance of the tapetum/microspore-specific PR10g promoter for future biotechnological and agricultural applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ssu-Wei Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Che Liu
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chang Zen
- Department of Food and Beverage Management, Tungfang Design Institute, Hunei District, Kaohsiung 82941, Taiwan
| | - Co-Shine Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
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Khodorova NV, Boitel-Conti M. The Role of Temperature in the Growth and Flowering of Geophytes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2013; 2:699-711. [PMID: 27137399 PMCID: PMC4844387 DOI: 10.3390/plants2040699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Among several naturally occurring environmental factors, temperature is considered to play a predominant role in controlling proper growth and flowering in geophytes. Most of them require a "warm-cold-warm" sequence to complete their annual cycle. The temperature optima for flower meristem induction and the early stages of floral organogenesis vary between nine and 25 °C, followed, in the autumn, by a several-week period of lower temperature (4-9 °C), which enables stem elongation and anthesis. The absence of low temperature treatment leads to slow shoot growth in spring and severe flowering disorders. Numerous studies have shown that the effects of the temperature surrounding the underground organs during the autumn-winter period can lead to important physiological changes in plants, but the mechanism that underlies the relationship between cold treatment and growth is still unclear. In this mini-review, we describe experimental data concerning the temperature requirements for flower initiation and development, shoot elongation, aboveground growth and anthesis in bulbous plants. The physiological processes that occur during autumn-winter periods in bulbs (water status, hormonal balance, respiration, carbohydrate mobilization) and how these changes might provoke disorders in stem elongation and flowering are examined. A model describing the relationship between the cold requirement, auxin and gibberellin interactions and the growth response is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezda V Khodorova
- Unité de Recherche EA 3900 BIOPI "Biologie des Plantes et Innovations", UFR des Sciences, Ilôt des Poulies, Jules Verne University of Picardie, 33 rue St-Leu, Amiens 80039, France.
| | - Michèle Boitel-Conti
- Unité de Recherche EA 3900 BIOPI "Biologie des Plantes et Innovations", UFR des Sciences, Ilôt des Poulies, Jules Verne University of Picardie, 33 rue St-Leu, Amiens 80039, France.
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Ma X, Feng B, Ma H. AMS-dependent and independent regulation of anther transcriptome and comparison with those affected by other Arabidopsis anther genes. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 12:23. [PMID: 22336428 DOI: 10.1186/1471-22c29-12-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In flowering plants, the development of male reproductive organs is controlled precisely to achieve successful fertilization and reproduction. Despite the increasing knowledge of genes that contribute to anther development, the regulatory mechanisms controlling this process are still unclear. RESULTS In this study, we analyzed the transcriptome profiles of early anthers of sterile mutants aborted microspores (ams) and found that 1,368 genes were differentially expressed in ams compared to wild type anthers, affecting metabolism, transportation, ubiquitination and stress response. Moreover, the lack of significant enrichment of potential AMS binding sites (E-box) in the promoters of differentially expressed genes suggests both direct and indirect regulation for AMS-dependent regulation of anther transcriptome involving other transcription factors. Combining ams transcriptome profiles with those of two other sterile mutants, spl/nzz and ems1/exs, expression of 3,058 genes were altered in at least one mutant. Our investigation of expression patterns of major transcription factor families, such as bHLH, MYB and MADS, suggested that some closely related homologs of known anther developmental genes might also have similar functions. Additionally, comparison of expression levels of genes in different organs suggested that anther-preferential genes could play important roles in anther development. CONCLUSION Analysis of ams anther transcriptome and its comparison with those of spl/nzz and ems1/exs anthers uncovered overlapping and distinct sets of regulated genes, including those encoding transcription factors and other proteins. These results support an expanded regulatory network for early anther development, providing a series of hypotheses for future experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Ma
- Department of Biology and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Ma X, Feng B, Ma H. AMS-dependent and independent regulation of anther transcriptome and comparison with those affected by other Arabidopsis anther genes. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 12:23. [PMID: 22336428 PMCID: PMC3305669 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-12-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In flowering plants, the development of male reproductive organs is controlled precisely to achieve successful fertilization and reproduction. Despite the increasing knowledge of genes that contribute to anther development, the regulatory mechanisms controlling this process are still unclear. RESULTS In this study, we analyzed the transcriptome profiles of early anthers of sterile mutants aborted microspores (ams) and found that 1,368 genes were differentially expressed in ams compared to wild type anthers, affecting metabolism, transportation, ubiquitination and stress response. Moreover, the lack of significant enrichment of potential AMS binding sites (E-box) in the promoters of differentially expressed genes suggests both direct and indirect regulation for AMS-dependent regulation of anther transcriptome involving other transcription factors. Combining ams transcriptome profiles with those of two other sterile mutants, spl/nzz and ems1/exs, expression of 3,058 genes were altered in at least one mutant. Our investigation of expression patterns of major transcription factor families, such as bHLH, MYB and MADS, suggested that some closely related homologs of known anther developmental genes might also have similar functions. Additionally, comparison of expression levels of genes in different organs suggested that anther-preferential genes could play important roles in anther development. CONCLUSION Analysis of ams anther transcriptome and its comparison with those of spl/nzz and ems1/exs anthers uncovered overlapping and distinct sets of regulated genes, including those encoding transcription factors and other proteins. These results support an expanded regulatory network for early anther development, providing a series of hypotheses for future experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Ma
- Department of Biology and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Intercollege Graduate Program of Cell and Developmental Biology, the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Baomin Feng
- Department of Biology and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Plant and Microbial Biology Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Hong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, Center for Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Liu MC, Wang BJ, Huang JK, Wang CS. Expression, Localization and Function of a cis-Prenyltransferase in the Tapetum and Microspores of Lily Anthers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 52:1487-500. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcr090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Hsiao YY, Chen YW, Huang SC, Pan ZJ, Fu CH, Chen WH, Tsai WC, Chen HH. Gene discovery using next-generation pyrosequencing to develop ESTs for Phalaenopsis orchids. BMC Genomics 2011; 12:360. [PMID: 21749684 PMCID: PMC3146457 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-12-360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orchids are one of the most diversified angiosperms, but few genomic resources are available for these non-model plants. In addition to the ecological significance, Phalaenopsis has been considered as an economically important floriculture industry worldwide. We aimed to use massively parallel 454 pyrosequencing for a global characterization of the Phalaenopsis transcriptome. RESULTS To maximize sequence diversity, we pooled RNA from 10 samples of different tissues, various developmental stages, and biotic- or abiotic-stressed plants. We obtained 206,960 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) with an average read length of 228 bp. These reads were assembled into 8,233 contigs and 34,630 singletons. The unigenes were searched against the NCBI non-redundant (NR) protein database. Based on sequence similarity with known proteins, these analyses identified 22,234 different genes (E-value cutoff, e-7). Assembled sequences were annotated with Gene Ontology, Gene Family and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. Among these annotations, over 780 unigenes encoding putative transcription factors were identified. CONCLUSION Pyrosequencing was effective in identifying a large set of unigenes from Phalaenopsis. The informative EST dataset we developed constitutes a much-needed resource for discovery of genes involved in various biological processes in Phalaenopsis and other orchid species. These transcribed sequences will narrow the gap between study of model organisms with many genomic resources and species that are important for ecological and evolutionary studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yun Hsiao
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Orchid Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Wen Chen
- Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Ching Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Zhao-Jun Pan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsiung Fu
- Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Huei Chen
- Orchid Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chieh Tsai
- Orchid Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Hwa Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Orchid Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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Tzeng JD, Hsu SW, Chung MC, Yeh FL, Yang CY, Liu MC, Hsu YF, Wang CS. Expression and regulation of two novel anther-specific genes in Lilium longiflorum. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 166:417-427. [PMID: 19013663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2008.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2008] [Revised: 06/29/2008] [Accepted: 06/29/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Two stage-specific genes have been isolated from a subtractive cDNA library constructed from developing anthers of lily (Lilium longiflorum). The proteins encoded by the two genes have a strong hydrophobic region at the N-terminus, indicating the presence of a signal peptide. The deduced LLA-67 is a new type of small cysteine-rich protein whose sequence exhibits four consecutive CX(3)CX(6-10) repeats that could form signal-receiving finger motifs, while the deduced LLA-115 protein shows significant similarities to a rice unknown protein, and putative cell wall proteins of Medicago truncatula and Arabidopsis. The transcripts of LLA-67 and LLA-115 were anther specific and differentially detected at the phase of microspore development. In situ hybridization with antisense riboprobes of the two genes in the anther showed strong signals localized to the tapetal layer of the anther wall. The LLA-67 mRNA was also detected in the microspore at the phase of microspore development but the LLA-115 mRNA was not. The LLA-115 gene can be exogenously induced by gibberellin (GA), whereas the LLA-67 gene cannot be induced. Studies with the GA biosynthesis inhibitor uniconazole and an inhibitor of ethylene activity, 2,5-norbornadien (NBD), revealed that the two genes were negatively regulated by ethylene and a cross-talk between GA and ethylene was involved in the regulation of the two genes occurring in young anthers. The treatment of NBD caused the tapetum to become densely cytoplasmic and highly polarized, whereas uniconazole arrested tapetal development to a status close to that of control. DNA blots of lily genomic DNA indicated that the two genes were encoded by a small gene family. The different actions of hormones on gene expression and the possible function of the gene products in young anthers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhih-Deng Tzeng
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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12
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Ooi LSM, Tian L, Su M, Ho WS, Sun SSM, Chung HY, Wong HNC, Ooi VEC. Isolation, characterization, molecular cloning and modeling of a new lipid transfer protein with antiviral and antiproliferative activities from Narcissus tazetta. Peptides 2008; 29:2101-9. [PMID: 18824058 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2008.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2008] [Revised: 08/27/2008] [Accepted: 08/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A fetuin-binding peptide with a molecular mass of about 9kDa (designated NTP) was isolated and purified from the bulbs of Chinese daffodil, Narcissus tazetta var. chinensis L., by gel filtration and high-performance liquid chromatography, after removing the mannose-binding proteins by mannose-agarose column. Molecular cloning revealed that NTP contained an open reading frame of 354bp encoding a polypeptide of 118 amino acids which included a 26-amino-acid signal peptide. An analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence of NTP shows considerable sequence homology to the non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) of certain plants. Model of the three-dimensional (3D) structure of NTP exhibits an internal hydrophobic cavity which can bind lipid-like molecules and transfer a wide range of ligands. As a member of the putative non-specific lipid transfer protein of N. tazetta, NTP did not possess hemagglutinating activity toward rabbit erythrocytes. In a cell-free system, it could arrest the protein synthesis of rabbit reticulocytes. Using the in vitro antiviral assays, NTP could significantly inhibit the plaque formation by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and the cytopathic effect induced by influenza A (H1N1) virus, as well as the proliferation of human acute promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60).
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda S M Ooi
- Department of Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
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Wu S, O'Leary SJB, Gleddie S, Eudes F, Laroche A, Robert LS. A chalcone synthase-like gene is highly expressed in the tapetum of both wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and triticale (xTriticosecale Wittmack). PLANT CELL REPORTS 2008; 27:1441-1449. [PMID: 18592248 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-008-0572-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2008] [Revised: 04/24/2008] [Accepted: 06/12/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A novel anther-specific chalcone synthase-like gene, TaCHSL1, was isolated and characterized. The TaCHSL1 transcript was detected only within the tapetum during the "free" and early vacuolated microspore stages in both wheat and triticale. Sequence analysis indicated that the 41.8 kDa TaCHSL1 deduced protein belongs to a small distinct group of type III polyketide synthases that includes angiosperm and gymnosperm orthologs shown to be anther-specific. TaCHSL1 sequence characteristics and conservation, as well as its restricted expression pattern, point to a distinct and important biochemical role in developing anthers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobo Wu
- Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, KW Neatby Bldg, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada
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