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Han T, Miao G. Strategies, Achievements, and Potential Challenges of Plant and Microbial Chassis in the Biosynthesis of Plant Secondary Metabolites. Molecules 2024; 29:2106. [PMID: 38731602 PMCID: PMC11085123 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Diverse secondary metabolites in plants, with their rich biological activities, have long been important sources for human medicine, food additives, pesticides, etc. However, the large-scale cultivation of host plants consumes land resources and is susceptible to pest and disease problems. Additionally, the multi-step and demanding nature of chemical synthesis adds to production costs, limiting their widespread application. In vitro cultivation and the metabolic engineering of plants have significantly enhanced the synthesis of secondary metabolites with successful industrial production cases. As synthetic biology advances, more research is focusing on heterologous synthesis using microorganisms. This review provides a comprehensive comparison between these two chassis, evaluating their performance in the synthesis of various types of secondary metabolites from the perspectives of yield and strategies. It also discusses the challenges they face and offers insights into future efforts and directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Han
- Department of Bioengineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan 232038, China;
| | - Guopeng Miao
- Department of Bioengineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan 232038, China;
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource and Environmental Biotechnology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Huainan Normal University, Huainan 232038, China
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Chen Q, Lu X, Guo X, Pan Y, Yu B, Tang Z, Guo Q. Differential responses to Cd stress induced by exogenous application of Cu, Zn or Ca in the medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 157:266-275. [PMID: 29626640 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cd(II) is one of the most widespread and toxic heavy metals and seriously threatens plant growth, furthermore negatively affecting human health. For survival from this metal stress, plants always fight with Cd(II) toxicity by themselves or using other external factors. The effects of second metals copper (Cu(II)), zinc (Zn(II)) and calcium (Ca(II)) on the Cd(II)-affected root morphology, Cd(II) translocation and metabolic responses in Catharanthus roseus were investigated under hydroponic conditions. We found that the Cd-stressed plants displayed the browning and rot root symptom, excess H2O2 content, lipid peroxidation and Cd(II) accumulation in plants. However, the supplement with second metals largely alleviated Cd-induced toxicity, including browning and rot roots, oxidative stress and internal Cd(II) accumulation. The amended effects at metabolic and transcriptional levels involved in different second metals share either common or divergent strategies. They commonly repressed Cd uptake and promoted Cd(II) translocation from roots to shoots with divergent mechanisms. High Zn(II) could activate MTs expression in roots, while Cu(II) or Ca(II) did not under Cd(II) stress condition. The presence of Ca(II) under Cd stress condition largely initiated occurrence of lateral roots. We then grouped a metabolic diagram integrating terpenoid indole alkaloid (TIA) accumulation and TIA pathway gene expression to elucidate the metabolic response of C. roseus to Cd(II) alone or combined with second metals. The treatment with 100 Cd(II) alone largely promoted accumulation of vinblastine, vindoline, catharanthine and loganin, whereas depressed or little changed the expression levels of genes detected here, compared to 0 Cd(II) control. In the presence of Cd(II), the supplement with second metals displayed specific effect on different alkaloid. Among them, the metal Ca(II) is especially beneficial for serpentine accumulation, Zn(II) mainly promoted tabersonine production. However, the addition of Cu(II) commonly depressed accumulation of most alkaloids detected here. Generally, we presented different mechanisms by which the second metals used to alleviate Cd (II) toxicity. This plant has potential application in phytoremediation of Cd(II), due to relatively substantial accumulation of biomass, as well as secondary metabolites TIAs used as pharmaceutical materials when facing Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Center for Ecological Research, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Xueyan Lu
- Center for Ecological Research, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Xiaorui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Yajie Pan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Bofan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Zhonghua Tang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China.
| | - Qingxi Guo
- Center for Ecological Research, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China.
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Miao GP, Han J, Zhang JF, Zhu CS, Zhang X. A MDR transporter contributes to the different extracellular production of sesquiterpene pyridine alkaloids between adventitious root and hairy root liquid cultures of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.f. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 95:51-62. [PMID: 28733871 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-017-0634-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
TwMDR1 transports sesquiterpene pyridine alkaloids, wilforine and wilforgine, into the hairy roots of T. wilfordii Hook.f. resulting in low secretion ratio of alkaloids. Hairy roots (HRs) exhibit high growth rate and biochemical and genetic stability. However, varying secondary metabolites in HR liquid cultures mainly remain in root tissues, and this condition may affect cell growth and cause inconvenience in downstream extraction. Studies pay less attention to adventitious root (AR) liquid cultures though release ratio of some metabolites in AR liquid cultures is significantly higher than that of HR. In Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.f., release ratio of wilforine in AR liquid cultures reached 92.75 and 13.32% in HR on day 15 of culture. To explore potential roles of transporters in this phenomenon, we cloned and functionally identified a multidrug resistance (MDR) transporter, TwMDR1, which shows high expression levels in HRs and is correlated to transmembrane transportation of alkaloids. Nicotiana tabacum cells with overexpressed TwMDR1 efficiently transported wilforine and wilforgine in an inward direction. To further prove the feasibility of genetically engineered TwMDR1 and improve alkaloid production, we performed a transient RNAi experiment on TwMDR1 in T. wilfordii Hook.f. suspension cells. Results indicated that release ratios of wilforine and wilforgine increased by 1.94- and 1.64-folds compared with that of the control group, respectively. This study provides bases for future studies that aim at increasing secretion ratios of alkaloids in root liquid cultures in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Peng Miao
- Department of Bioengineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, 232038, Anhui, China
| | - Juan Han
- Department of Bioengineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, 232038, Anhui, China
| | - Ji-Feng Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, 232038, Anhui, China
| | - Chuan-Shu Zhu
- Research & Development Center of Biorational Pesticides, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xing Zhang
- Research & Development Center of Biorational Pesticides, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Liu J, Cai J, Wang R, Yang S. Transcriptional Regulation and Transport of Terpenoid Indole Alkaloid in Catharanthus roseus: Exploration of New Research Directions. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 18:ijms18010053. [PMID: 28036025 PMCID: PMC5297688 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the model medicinal plants for exploration of biochemical pathways and molecular biological questions on complex metabolic pathways, Catharanthus roseus synthesizes more than 100 terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs) used for clinical treatment of various diseases and for new drug discovery. Given that extensive studies have revealed the major metabolic pathways and the spatial-temporal biosynthesis of TIA in C. roseus plant, little is known about subcellular and inter-cellular trafficking or long-distance transport of TIA end products or intermediates, as well as their regulation. While these transport processes are indispensable for multi-organelle, -tissue and -cell biosynthesis, storage and their functions, great efforts have been made to explore these dynamic cellular processes. Progress has been made in past decades on transcriptional regulation of TIA biosynthesis by transcription factors as either activators or repressors; recent studies also revealed several transporters involved in subcellular and inter-cellular TIA trafficking. However, many details and the regulatory network for controlling the tissue-or cell-specific biosynthesis, transport and storage of serpentine and ajmalicine in root, catharanthine in leaf and root, vindoline specifically in leaf and vinblastine and vincristine only in green leaf and their biosynthetic intermediates remain to be determined. This review is to summarize the progress made in biosynthesis, transcriptional regulation and transport of TIAs. Based on analysis of organelle, tissue and cell-type specific biosynthesis and progresses in transport and trafficking of similar natural products, the transporters that might be involved in transport of TIAs and their synthetic intermediates are discussed; according to transcriptome analysis and bioinformatic approaches, the transcription factors that might be involved in TIA biosynthesis are analyzed. Further discussion is made on a broad context of transcriptional and transport regulation in order to guide our future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Liu
- College of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130047, China.
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China.
| | - Junjun Cai
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610066, China.
| | - Rui Wang
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China.
| | - Shihai Yang
- College of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130047, China.
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Andreazza NL, Abreu IN, Sawaya ACHF, Mazzafera P. Characterisation of the membrane transport of pilocarpine in cell suspension cultures of Pilocarpus microphyllus. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 175:37-47. [PMID: 25474486 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pilocarpine is an alkaloid obtained from the leaves of Pilocarpus genus, with important pharmaceutical applications. Previous reports have investigated the production of pilocarpine by Pilocarpus microphyllus cell cultures and tried to establish the alkaloid biosynthetic route. However, the site of pilocarpine accumulation inside of the cell and its exchange to the medium culture is still unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the intracellular accumulation of pilocarpine and characterise its transport across membranes in cell suspension cultures of P. microphyllus. Histochemical analysis and toxicity assays indicated that pilocarpine is most likely stored in the vacuoles probably to avoid cell toxicity. Assays with exogenous pilocarpine supplementation to the culture medium showed that the alkaloid is promptly uptaken but it is rapidly metabolised. Treatment with specific ABC protein transporter inhibitors and substances that disturb the activity of secondary active transporters suppressed pilocarpine uptake and release suggesting that both proteins may participate in the traffic of pilocarpine to inside and outside of the cells. As bafilomicin A1, a specific V-type ATPase inhibitor, had little effect and NH4Cl (induces membrane proton gradient dissipation) had moderate effect, while cyclosporin A and nifedipine (ABC proteins inhibitors) strongly inhibited the transport of pilocarpine, it is believed that ABC proteins play a major role in the alkaloid transport across membranes but it is not the exclusive one. Kinetic studies supported these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Luiza Andreazza
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, CP 6109, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ilka Nacif Abreu
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, CP 6109, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Mazzafera
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, CP 6109, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Pan Q, Wang Q, Yuan F, Xing S, Zhao J, Choi YH, Verpoorte R, Tian Y, Wang G, Tang K. Overexpression of ORCA3 and G10H in Catharanthus roseus plants regulated alkaloid biosynthesis and metabolism revealed by NMR-metabolomics. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43038. [PMID: 22916202 PMCID: PMC3423439 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to improve the production of the anticancer dimeric indole alkaloids in Catharanthuse roseus, much research has been dedicated to culturing cell lines, hairy roots, and efforts to elucidate the regulation of the monoterpenoid indole alkaloid (MIA) biosynthesis. In this study, the ORCA3 (Octadecanoid-derivative Responsive Catharanthus AP2-domain) gene alone or integrated with the G10H (geraniol 10-hydroxylase) gene were first introduced into C. roseus plants. Transgenic C. roseus plants overexpressing ORCA3 alone (OR lines), or co-overexpressing G10H and ORCA3 (GO lines) were obtained by genetic modification. ORCA3 overexpression induced an increase of AS, TDC, STR and D4H transcripts but did not affect CRMYC2 and G10H transcription. G10H transcripts showed a significant increase under G10H and ORCA3 co-overexpression. ORCA3 and G10H overexpression significantly increased the accumulation of strictosidine, vindoline, catharanthine and ajmalicine but had limited effects on anhydrovinblastine and vinblastine levels. NMR-based metabolomics confirmed the higher accumulation of monomeric indole alkaloids in OR and GO lines. Multivariate data analysis of (1)H NMR spectra showed change of amino acid, organic acid, sugar and phenylpropanoid levels in both OR and GO lines compared to the controls. The result indicated that enhancement of MIA biosynthesis by ORCA3 and G10H overexpression might affect other metabolic pathways in the plant metabolism of C. roseus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifang Pan
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, SJTU-Cornell Institute of Sustainable Agriculture and Biotechnology, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Quan Wang
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, SJTU-Cornell Institute of Sustainable Agriculture and Biotechnology, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, SJTU-Cornell Institute of Sustainable Agriculture and Biotechnology, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shihai Xing
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, SJTU-Cornell Institute of Sustainable Agriculture and Biotechnology, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingya Zhao
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, SJTU-Cornell Institute of Sustainable Agriculture and Biotechnology, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Young Hae Choi
- Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Verpoorte
- Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yuesheng Tian
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, SJTU-Cornell Institute of Sustainable Agriculture and Biotechnology, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guofeng Wang
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, SJTU-Cornell Institute of Sustainable Agriculture and Biotechnology, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kexuan Tang
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, SJTU-Cornell Institute of Sustainable Agriculture and Biotechnology, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Kim JH, Kim MS, Bak Y, Chung IM, Yoon DY. The Cadin-2-en-1β-ol-1β-D-glucuronopyranoside Suppresses TPA-Mediated Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Expression Through the ERK Signaling Pathway in MCF-7 Human Breast Adenocarcinoma Cells. J Pharmacol Sci 2012; 118:198-205. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.11196fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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