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Fluorochrome-Based Methods for Fungal Sample Examination. Fungal Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-83749-5_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Composition, antioxidant capacity, intestinal, and immunobiological effects of oregano (Lippia palmeri Watts) in goats: preliminary in vitro and in vivo studies. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:101. [PMID: 33417070 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02450-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated Lippia palmeri Watt (oregano) phytochemical compounds, their antioxidant capacity, and immunological effects on goat peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL), and on the presence of intermediate polar compounds in goat feces fed dietary oregano. The polar and nonpolar fractions of L. palmeri W. were characterized and phytochemical contents and antioxidant capacity were determined. Twelve healthy Anglo-Nubian goats were used for the in vivo trials, which were randomly assigned to control fed with basal diet, or oregano group fed with basal diet + 2.6% (DM basis) dried oregano leaves. Goat peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) were isolated for the in vitro study, and PBL were stimulated with oregano extracts at 100 and 150 μg/mL after 24 h. For the in vivo trial, dietary oregano (2.6% on DM basis) was evaluated in the goats for 90 days. Relatively high abundance of carvacrol and thymol phytochemical compounds was found in oregano. The highest antioxidant capacity of oregano extracts was detected at 100 and 150 μg/mL. Nitric oxide production, phagocytosis, and superoxide dismutase activities increased (p < 0.05) in stimulated PBL with oregano extracts, whereas the pro-inflammatory (TNF-α and IL-1β) transcription and antioxidant (CAT and GPX-4) genes downregulated. In the in vivo experiment, dietary oregano enabled the detection of nine compounds found in goat feces, from which caproic (C6) was in a high relative quantity compared with the control group. Oregano has phytochemical compounds with strong antioxidant capacity that protect cells against oxidative stress damage and could modulate immune response and feces composition in goats.
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Gogna M, Bhatla SC. Salt-tolerant and -sensitive seedlings exhibit noteworthy differences in lipolytic events in response to salt stress. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2020; 15:1737451. [PMID: 32141358 PMCID: PMC7194373 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1737451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Present findings hypothesize that salt-tolerant and -sensitive oilseed plants are expected to exhibit deviant patterns of growth through lipolytic events in seedling cotyledons. It reports the growth response and different lipolytic mechanisms operating during oil body (OB) mobilization in the seedling cotyledons of salt-tolerant (DRSH 1) and salt-sensitive (PSH 1962) varieties of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Salt tolerance or sensitivity to 120 mM NaCl correlates with high proteolytic degradation of OB membrane proteins, particularly oleosins, whereas salt-sensitive seedling cotyledons exhibit negligible proteolytic activity, thereby retaining OB membrane integrity for a longer time. High lipoxygenase (LOX) activity and its further upregulation by salt stress are the unique features of salt-sensitive sunflower seedlings. Salt-tolerant seedling cotyledons exhibit noteworthy modulation of phospholipase-D (PLD) activity by salt stress. Salt-sensitive seedling cotyledons exhibit higher lipase activity than salt-sensitive ones and enzyme activity is downregulated by salt stress. Salt-sensitive variety exhibits higher lipid accumulation and faster lipid mobilization with seedling development than salt-tolerant variety. Accumulation of oleic and linoleic acid in the seedling cotyledons of salt-tolerant and sensitive varieties exhibits differential sensitivity to salt stress. Novel detection of hexanoic acid (6:0) is a noteworthy feature as a response to salt stress in salt-sensitive variety. These findings, thus, provide new information on long-distance salt stress sensing mechanisms at seedling stage of plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansi Gogna
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Satish C. Bhatla
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- CONTACT Satish C. Bhatla Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
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Zhang C, Feng C, Zheng Y, Wang J, Wang F. Root Exudates Metabolic Profiling Suggests Distinct Defense Mechanisms Between Resistant and Susceptible Tobacco Cultivars Against Black Shank Disease. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:559775. [PMID: 33013978 PMCID: PMC7511587 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.559775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that root exudates play important roles in plant disease resistance. Black shank, caused by Phytophthora nicotianae, is a destructive soil-borne disease in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). The aim of the present study was to investigate the activity and composition of the root exudates from resistant and susceptible tobacco cultivars. The root exudates of the resistant cultivar Gexin 3 showed inhibitory activity against P. nicotianae, while the exudates of susceptible cultivar Xiaohuangjin 1025 stimulated the colony growth but had no effect on spore germination. Metabolic profiling using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry depicted differing metabolic patterns of root exudates between Gexin 3 and Xiaohuangjin 1025. The activity and composition of root exudates was altered by P. nicotianae inoculation. Multivariate analysis showed that root exudates (including organic acids, alkaloids, fatty acids, and esters) were different between the two varieties. The defense substances in root exudates, such as tartaric acid, ferulic acid, and lauric acid, may represent a pre-infection prevention strategy for tobacco. Phenylpropanoids as well as inducers of salicylic acid, fatty acids, 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid, and hydrojasmonate may be involved in tobacco defense responses. Compared to the susceptible cultivar, the roots of the resistant cultivar exhibited high enzyme activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, cinnamate-4-hydroxylase and 4-coumarate-CoA ligase, which may prompt the synthesis and secretion of phenylpropanoids. Our results indicated that the root exudates not only provide a pre-infection prevention strategy by exuding antimicrobial substances, but also increase tobacco disease resistance by eliciting plant defense responses. In addition, some defense compounds as well as compounds that play a role in inducing plant defense responses, showed potential for disease control application. This study provides an insight into possible disease resistance mechanisms of root exudates, and attempts the beneficial utilization of these secondary metabolites of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengsheng Zhang
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Special Crops Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Pest Integrated Management Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Fenglong Wang, ; Chengsheng Zhang,
| | - Chao Feng
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Pest Integrated Management Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanfen Zheng
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Special Crops Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Fenglong Wang
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Pest Integrated Management Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Fenglong Wang, ; Chengsheng Zhang,
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Santos Dória M, Silva Guedes M, de Andrade Silva EM, Magalhães de Oliveira T, Pirovani CP, Kupper KC, Bastianel M, Micheli F. Comparative proteomics of two citrus varieties in response to infection by the fungus Alternaria alternata. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 136:410-423. [PMID: 31199975 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Alternaria brown spot (ABS) is a disease caused by the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria alternata, which induces necrotic lesions on fruits and young leaves due to the production of the host-specific ACT toxin by the fungus. To better understand the citrus-A. alternata interaction and to identify putative resistance proteins, as well as the receptor of the ACT toxin, citrus plants susceptible ('Minneola' mandarin) and resistant ('Clemenules' tangor) to A. alternata, infected or not (control) with the pathogen were analyzed by proteomics. Protein changes were observed between citrus genotypes after infection, and 150 candidate proteins were obtained. A general scheme of the metabolic processes involved in susceptible and resistant citrus-A. alternata interactions was designed. Susceptible plants presented a high level of proteins involved in stress response at the final stages of the infection, whereas resistant plants presented high level of ROS proteins, metabolic proteins, and proteins involved in the immune system process. Proteins like ferredoxin and cyclophilin are specific to the susceptible variety and may be good candidates as fungal effector-interacting proteins. This is the first citrus-A. alternata proteomics analysis, which has allowed a better understanding of the molecular bases of the citrus response to ABS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Santos Dória
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), BA, Brazil
| | - Meg Silva Guedes
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), BA, Brazil
| | | | | | - Carlos Priminho Pirovani
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), BA, Brazil
| | - Katia Cristina Kupper
- Centro de Citricultura "Sylvio Moreira", Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (IAC), SP, Brazil
| | - Marinês Bastianel
- Centro de Citricultura "Sylvio Moreira", Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (IAC), SP, Brazil
| | - Fabienne Micheli
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética (CBG), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), BA, Brazil; CIRAD, UMR AGAP, F-34398 Montpellier, France.
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Hussain M, Iqbal Raja N, Mashwani ZUR, Iqbal M, Ejaz M, Aslam S. Green synthesis and evaluation of silver nanoparticles for antimicrobial and biochemical profiling in Kinnow ( Citrus reticulata L.) to enhance fruit quality and productivity under biotic stress. IET Nanobiotechnol 2019; 13:250-256. [PMID: 31053686 PMCID: PMC8675995 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2018.5049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by utilising plant extract is an emerging class of nanotechnology. It revolutionizes all the field of biological sciences by synthesizing chemical free AgNPs. In the present study, AgNPs were synthesised by utilising Moringa oleifera leaves as the main reducing and stabilising agent and characterised through UV-visible spectroscopy, zeta analyser, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The different concentrations of biosynthesised AgNPs (10, 20, 30, and 40 ppm) were exogenously applied on the already infected plants (canker) of Citrus reticulata at different day intervals. The AgNPs at a concentration of 30 ppm was found to be most suitable concentration for creating the resistance against canker disease in Citrus reticulata. The enzymatic activities were also explored and it was found that 30 ppm concentration of biosynthesised AgNPs significantly reduced the biotic stress. Fruit quality and productivity parameters were also assessed and it was found that fruit quality and productivity were significant in response to 30 ppm concentration of biosynthesised AgNPs. The present work highlights the potent role of biosynthesised AgNPs, which can be used as biological control of citrus diseases and ultimately improving the quality and productivity of Citrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubashir Hussain
- Department of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
| | - Naveed Iqbal Raja
- Department of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Iqbal
- Department of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ejaz
- Department of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Sumaira Aslam
- Department of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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Gong D, Bi Y, Li Y, Zong Y, Han Y, Prusky D. Both Penicillium expansum and Trichothecim roseum Infections Promote the Ripening of Apples and Release Specific Volatile Compounds. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:338. [PMID: 30949192 PMCID: PMC6435981 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Blue mold and core rot caused by Penicillium expansum and Trichothecium roseum are major diseases of apple fruit in China; however, their differential aggressiveness in apples and effect on fruit postharvest physiology are unclear. The effects of colonization of apples cv. Red Delicious by both pathogens were compared to physiological parameters of ripening and release of volatile compounds (VOCs). P. expansum colonization showed increased aggressiveness compared to T. roesum colonization of apple fruits. P. expansum enhanced colonization occurred with differential higher ethylene production and respiratory rate evolution, lower membrane integrity and fruit firmness in correspondence with the colonization pattern of inoculated apples. Moreover, P. expansum caused lower contents of total soluble solid and titratable acid, and higher malondialdehyde compared with T. roesum colonization. While both pathogen infections enhanced VOCs release, compared with T. roseum inoculated apples, P. expansum inoculated apple showed a higher total VOCs production including alcohols, aldehydes and esters, being the C6 alcohols, aldehydes and esters amount. PLS-DA analysis indicated that hexanoic acid was the most important factor to distinguish the inoculated fruits from the controls. Interestingly, propyl acetate and hexyl benzoate, and undecylenic acid and hexadecane were only identified in the P. expansum and T. roseum inoculated fruits, respectively. Taken together, our findings indicate that both fungi inoculations promote apple fruit ripening and release specific VOCs; moreover, apple fruits are more susceptible to P. expansum colonization than T. roesum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Gong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yang Bi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongcai Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ye Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dov Prusky
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
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Scalschi L, Llorens E, González-Hernández AI, Valcárcel M, Gamir J, García-Agustín P, Vicedo B, Camañes G. 1-Methyltryptophan Modifies Apoplast Content in Tomato Plants Improving Resistance Against Pseudomonas syringae. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2056. [PMID: 30233534 PMCID: PMC6127243 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants can produce numerous natural products, many of which have been shown to confer protection against microbial attack. In this way, we identified 1-methyltryptophan (1-MT), a natural compound produced by tomato plants in response to Pseudomonas syringae attack, whose application by soil drench provided protection against this pathogen. In the present work, we have studied the mechanisms underlying this protection. The results demonstrated that 1-MT can be considered a new activator of plant defense responses that acts by inhibiting the stomatal opening produced by coronatine (COR) and could thereby, prevent bacteria entering the mesophyll. Besides, 1-MT acts by blocking the jasmonic acid (JA) pathway that, could avoid manipulation of the salicylic acid (SA) pathway by the bacterium, and thus hinder its growth. Although the concentration of 1-MT reached in the plant did not show antimicrobial effects, we cannot rule out a role for 1-MT acting alone because it affects the expression of the fliC gene that is involved in synthesis of the flagellum. These changes would result in reduced bacterium motility and, therefore, infective capacity. The results highlight the effect of a tryptophan derivative on induced resistance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Scalschi
- Grupo de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Área Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
| | - Eugenio Llorens
- Grupo de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Área Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
| | - Ana I González-Hernández
- Grupo de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Área Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
| | - Mercedes Valcárcel
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Mejora de la Calidad Agroalimentaria UJI-UPV, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
| | - Jordi Gamir
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
| | - Pilar García-Agustín
- Grupo de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Área Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
| | - Begonya Vicedo
- Grupo de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Área Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
| | - Gemma Camañes
- Grupo de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Área Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
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Hussain M, Raja NI, Mashwani ZUR, Naz F, Iqbal M, Aslam S. Green synthesis and characterisation of silver nanoparticles and their effects on antimicrobial efficacy and biochemical profiling in Citrus reticulata. IET Nanobiotechnol 2018; 12:514-519. [PMID: 29768240 PMCID: PMC8676029 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2017.0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of nanoparticles by utilising plant extract has revolutionised the field of nanotechnology. In the present study, AgNPs were synthesised by utilising the leaves of Moringa oleifera as reducing and stabilising agent. UV-visible spectroscopy showed characteristic surface plasmon band in the range of 413-420 nm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) elucidated rectangular segments fused together. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the crystalline nature of AgNPs and presence of metallic silver ions was confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). The different concentrations (10, 20, 30 and 40 ppm) of AgNPs were exogenously applied on Citrus reticulata to record the disease incidence at different day intervals. The disease intensity was progressively increased in all the applied treatments with the passage of time. The 30 ppm concentration of AgNPs was found to be most suitable concentration for creating the resistance against brown spot disease. Moreover, the effects of AgNPs were also assessed for biochemical profiling in C. reticulata. The enhanced production of endogenous enzymes and non-enzymatic components was observed in response to 30 ppm concentration of AgNPs. The present work highlighted that green synthesised AgNPs can be as used as biological control of citrus diseases and the enhanced production of secondary metabolites antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubashir Hussain
- Department of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
| | - Naveed Iqbal Raja
- Department of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | | | - Farah Naz
- Department of Plant Pathology, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Iqbal
- Department of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Sumaira Aslam
- Department of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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Llorens E, Agustí-Brisach C, González-Hernández AI, Troncho P, Vicedo B, Yuste T, Orero M, Ledó C, García-Agustín P, Lapeña L. Bioassimilable sulphur provides effective control of Oidium neolycopersici in tomato, enhancing the plant immune system. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2017; 73:1017-1023. [PMID: 27558547 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developments of alternatives to the use of chemical pesticides to control pests are focused on the induction of natural plant defences. The study of new compounds based on liquid bioassimilable sulphur and its effect as an inductor of the immune system of plants would provide an alternative option to farmers to enhance plant resistance against pathogen attacks such as powdery mildew. In order to elucidate the efficacy of this compound in tomato against powdery mildew, we tested several treatments: curative foliar, preventive foliar, preventive in soil drench and combining preventive in soil drench and curative foliar. RESULTS In all cases, treated plants showed lower infection development, better physiological parameters and a higher level of chlorophyll. We also observed better performance in parameters involved in plant resistance such as antioxidant response, callose deposition and hormonal levels. CONCLUSION The results indicate that preventive and curative treatments can be highly effective for the prevention and control of powdery mildew in tomato plants. Foliar treatments are able to stop the pathogen development when they are applied as curative. Soil drench treatments induce immune response mechanisms of plants, increasing significantly callose deposition and promoting plant development. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Llorens
- Group of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Universitat Jaume I (UJI) of Castellon, c/Vicent Sos Baynat, s/n, 12071, Castellon de la Plana, Spain
| | - Carlos Agustí-Brisach
- Research and Development Department, IDAI Nature SL, La Pobla de Vallbona, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana I González-Hernández
- Group of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Universitat Jaume I (UJI) of Castellon, c/Vicent Sos Baynat, s/n, 12071, Castellon de la Plana, Spain
| | - Pilar Troncho
- Group of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Universitat Jaume I (UJI) of Castellon, c/Vicent Sos Baynat, s/n, 12071, Castellon de la Plana, Spain
| | - Begonya Vicedo
- Group of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Universitat Jaume I (UJI) of Castellon, c/Vicent Sos Baynat, s/n, 12071, Castellon de la Plana, Spain
| | - Teresa Yuste
- Research and Development Department, IDAI Nature SL, La Pobla de Vallbona, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mayte Orero
- Research and Development Department, IDAI Nature SL, La Pobla de Vallbona, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Ledó
- Research and Development Department, IDAI Nature SL, La Pobla de Vallbona, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pilar García-Agustín
- Group of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Universitat Jaume I (UJI) of Castellon, c/Vicent Sos Baynat, s/n, 12071, Castellon de la Plana, Spain
| | - Leonor Lapeña
- Group of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Universitat Jaume I (UJI) of Castellon, c/Vicent Sos Baynat, s/n, 12071, Castellon de la Plana, Spain
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Dalio RJD, Magalhães DM, Rodrigues CM, Arena GD, Oliveira TS, Souza-Neto RR, Picchi SC, Martins PMM, Santos PJC, Maximo HJ, Pacheco IS, De Souza AA, Machado MA. PAMPs, PRRs, effectors and R-genes associated with citrus-pathogen interactions. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2017; 119:749-774. [PMID: 28065920 PMCID: PMC5571375 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcw238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent application of molecular-based technologies has considerably advanced our understanding of complex processes in plant-pathogen interactions and their key components such as PAMPs, PRRs, effectors and R-genes. To develop novel control strategies for disease prevention in citrus, it is essential to expand and consolidate our knowledge of the molecular interaction of citrus plants with their pathogens. SCOPE This review provides an overview of our understanding of citrus plant immunity, focusing on the molecular mechanisms involved in the interactions with viruses, bacteria, fungi, oomycetes and vectors related to the following diseases: tristeza, psorosis, citrus variegated chlorosis, citrus canker, huanglongbing, brown spot, post-bloom, anthracnose, gummosis and citrus root rot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronaldo J. D. Dalio
- Citrus Biotechnology Lab, Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, IAC, Cordeirópolis-SP, Brazil
| | - Diogo M. Magalhães
- Citrus Biotechnology Lab, Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, IAC, Cordeirópolis-SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina M. Rodrigues
- Citrus Biotechnology Lab, Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, IAC, Cordeirópolis-SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriella D. Arena
- Citrus Biotechnology Lab, Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, IAC, Cordeirópolis-SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago S. Oliveira
- Citrus Biotechnology Lab, Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, IAC, Cordeirópolis-SP, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo R. Souza-Neto
- Citrus Biotechnology Lab, Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, IAC, Cordeirópolis-SP, Brazil
| | - Simone C. Picchi
- Citrus Biotechnology Lab, Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, IAC, Cordeirópolis-SP, Brazil
| | - Paula M. M. Martins
- Citrus Biotechnology Lab, Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, IAC, Cordeirópolis-SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo J. C. Santos
- Citrus Biotechnology Lab, Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, IAC, Cordeirópolis-SP, Brazil
| | - Heros J. Maximo
- Citrus Biotechnology Lab, Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, IAC, Cordeirópolis-SP, Brazil
| | - Inaiara S. Pacheco
- Citrus Biotechnology Lab, Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, IAC, Cordeirópolis-SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandra A. De Souza
- Citrus Biotechnology Lab, Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, IAC, Cordeirópolis-SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos A. Machado
- Citrus Biotechnology Lab, Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, IAC, Cordeirópolis-SP, Brazil
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Llorens E, Camañes G, Lapeña L, García-Agustín P. Priming by Hexanoic Acid Induce Activation of Mevalonic and Linolenic Pathways and Promotes the Emission of Plant Volatiles. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:495. [PMID: 27148319 PMCID: PMC4828442 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Hexanoic acid (Hx) is a short natural monocarboxylic acid present in some fruits and plants. Previous studies reported that soil drench application of this acid induces effective resistance in tomato plants against Botrytis cinerea and Pseudomonas syringae and in citrus against Alternaria alternata and Xanthomonas citri. In this work, we performed an in deep study of the metabolic changes produced in citrus by the application of Hx in response to the challenge pathogen A. alternata, focusing on the response of the plant. Moreover, we used (13)C labeled hexanoic to analyze its behavior inside the plants. Finally, we studied the volatile emission of the treated plants after the challenge inoculation. Drench application of (13)C labeled hexanoic demonstrated that this molecule stays in the roots and is not mobilized to the leaves, suggesting long distance induction of resistance. Moreover, the study of the metabolic profile showed an alteration of more than 200 molecules differentially induced by the application of the compound and the inoculation with the fungus. Bioinformatics analysis of data showed that most of these altered molecules could be related with the mevalonic and linolenic pathways suggesting the implication of these pathways in the induced resistance mediated by Hx. Finally, the application of this compound showed an enhancement of the emission of 17 volatile metabolites. Taken together, this study indicates that after the application of Hx this compound remains in the roots, provoking molecular changes that may trigger the defensive response in the rest of the plant mediated by changes in the mevalonic and linolenic pathways and enhancing the emission of volatile compounds, suggesting for the first time the implication of mevalonic pathway in response to hexanoic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Llorens
- Grupo de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume ICastellón, Spain
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Fernández-Crespo E, Scalschi L, Llorens E, García-Agustín P, Camañes G. NH4+ protects tomato plants against Pseudomonas syringae by activation of systemic acquired acclimation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:6777-90. [PMID: 26246613 PMCID: PMC4623687 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
NH4 (+) nutrition provokes mild toxicity by enhancing H2O2 accumulation, which acts as a signal activating systemic acquired acclimation (SAA). Until now, induced resistance mechanisms in response to an abiotic stimulus and related to SAA were only reported for exposure to a subsequent abiotic stress. Herein, the first evidence is provided that this acclimation to an abiotic stimulus induces resistance to later pathogen infection, since NH4 (+) nutrition (N-NH4 (+))-induced resistance (NH4 (+)-IR) against Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000 (Pst) in tomato plants was demonstrated. N-NH4 (+) plants displayed basal H2O2, abscisic acid (ABA), and putrescine (Put) accumulation. H2O2 accumulation acted as a signal to induce ABA-dependent signalling pathways required to prevent NH4 (+) toxicity. This acclimatory event provoked an increase in resistance against later pathogen infection. N-NH4 (+) plants displayed basal stomatal closure produced by H2O2 derived from enhanced CuAO and rboh1 activity that may reduce the entry of bacteria into the mesophyll, diminishing the disease symptoms as well as strongly inducing the oxidative burst upon Pst infection, favouring NH4 (+)-IR. Experiments with inhibitors of Put accumulation and the ABA-deficient mutant flacca demonstrated that Put and ABA downstream signalling pathways are required to complete NH4 (+)-IR. The metabolic profile revealed that infected N-NH4 (+) plants showed greater ferulic acid accumulation compared with control plants. Although classical salicylic acid (SA)-dependent responses against biotrophic pathogens were not found, the important role of Put in the resistance of tomato against Pst was demonstrated. Moreover, this work revealed the cross-talk between abiotic stress acclimation (NH4 (+) nutrition) and resistance to subsequent Pst infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Fernández-Crespo
- Grupo de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, ESTCE. Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Loredana Scalschi
- Grupo de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, ESTCE. Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Eugenio Llorens
- Grupo de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, ESTCE. Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Pilar García-Agustín
- Grupo de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, ESTCE. Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Gemma Camañes
- Grupo de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, ESTCE. Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
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Resistance inducers modulate Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000 response in tomato plants. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106429. [PMID: 25244125 PMCID: PMC4171367 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of hexanoic acid (Hx) as an inducer of resistance in tomato plants against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 was previously demonstrated, and the plant response was characterized. Because little is known about the reaction of the pathogen to this effect, the goal of the present work was to determine whether the changes in the plant defence system affect the pathogen behaviour. This work provides the first demonstration of the response of the pathogen to the changes observed in plants after Hx application in terms of not only the population size but also the transcriptional levels of genes involved in quorum sensing establishment and pathogenesis. Therefore, it is possible that Hx treatment attenuates the virulence and survival of bacteria by preventing or diminishing the appearance of symptoms and controlling the growth of the bacteria in the mesophyll. It is interesting to note that the gene transcriptional changes in the bacteria from the treated plants occur at the same time as the changes in the plants. Hx is able to alter bacteria pathogenesis and survival only when it is applied as a resistance inducer because the changes that it promotes in plants affect the bacteria.
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Aranega-Bou P, de la O Leyva M, Finiti I, García-Agustín P, González-Bosch C. Priming of plant resistance by natural compounds. Hexanoic acid as a model. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:488. [PMID: 25324848 PMCID: PMC4181288 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Some alternative control strategies of currently emerging plant diseases are based on the use of resistance inducers. This review highlights the recent advances made in the characterization of natural compounds that induce resistance by a priming mechanism. These include vitamins, chitosans, oligogalacturonides, volatile organic compounds, azelaic and pipecolic acid, among others. Overall, other than providing novel disease control strategies that meet environmental regulations, natural priming agents are valuable tools to help unravel the complex mechanisms underlying the induced resistance (IR) phenomenon. The data presented in this review reflect the novel contributions made from studying these natural plant inducers, with special emphasis placed on hexanoic acid (Hx), proposed herein as a model tool for this research field. Hx is a potent natural priming agent of proven efficiency in a wide range of host plants and pathogens. It can early activate broad-spectrum defenses by inducing callose deposition and the salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) pathways. Later it can prime pathogen-specific responses according to the pathogen's lifestyle. Interestingly, Hx primes redox-related genes to produce an anti-oxidant protective effect, which might be critical for limiting the infection of necrotrophs. Our Hx-IR findings also strongly suggest that it is an attractive tool for the molecular characterization of the plant alarmed state, with the added advantage of it being a natural compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paz Aranega-Bou
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universitat de Valencia, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasValencia, Spain
| | - Maria de la O Leyva
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universitat de Valencia, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasValencia, Spain
| | - Ivan Finiti
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universitat de Valencia, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasValencia, Spain
| | - Pilar García-Agustín
- Grupo de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Escola Superior de Tecnologia i Ciències Experimentals, Universitat Jaume ICastellón, Spain
| | - Carmen González-Bosch
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universitat de Valencia, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasValencia, Spain
- *Correspondence: Carmen González-Bosch, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universitat de Valencia, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain e-mail:
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García-Robles I, Ochoa-Campuzano C, Fernández-Crespo E, Camañes G, Martínez-Ramírez AC, González-Bosch C, García-Agustín P, Rausell C, Real MD. Combining hexanoic acid plant priming with Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal activity against Colorado potato beetle. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:12138-56. [PMID: 23743826 PMCID: PMC3709778 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140612138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Interaction between insect herbivores and host plants can be modulated by endogenous and exogenous compounds present in the source of food and might be successfully exploited in Colorado potato beetle (CPB) pest management. Feeding tests with CPB larvae reared on three solanaceous plants (potato, eggplant and tomato) resulted in variable larval growth rates and differential susceptibility to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3Aa toxin as a function of the host plant. An inverse correlation with toxicity was observed in Cry3Aa proteolytic patterns generated by CPB midgut brush-border membrane vesicles (BBMV) from Solanaceae-fed larvae, being the toxin most extensively proteolyzed on potato, followed by eggplant and tomato. We found that CPB cysteine proteases intestains may interact with Cry3Aa toxin and, in CPB BBMV from larvae fed all three Solanaceae, the toxin was able to compete for the hydrolysis of a papain substrate. In response to treatment with the JA-dependent plant inducer Hexanoic acid (Hx), we showed that eggplant reduced OPDA basal levels and both, potato and eggplant induced JA-Ile. CPB larvae feeding on Hx-induced plants exhibited enhanced Cry3Aa toxicity, which correlated with altered papain activity. Results indicated host-mediated effects on B. thuringiensis efficacy against CPB that can be enhanced in combination with Hx plant induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada García-Robles
- Department of Genetics, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain; E-Mails: (I.G.-R.); (C.O.-C.); (A.C.M.-R.); (C.R.)
| | - Camila Ochoa-Campuzano
- Department of Genetics, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain; E-Mails: (I.G.-R.); (C.O.-C.); (A.C.M.-R.); (C.R.)
| | - Emma Fernández-Crespo
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Laboratory, Plant Physiology Area, Department CAMN, University Jaume I, Castellón 12071, Spain; E-Mails: (E.F.-C.); (G.C.); (P.G.-A.)
| | - Gemma Camañes
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Laboratory, Plant Physiology Area, Department CAMN, University Jaume I, Castellón 12071, Spain; E-Mails: (E.F.-C.); (G.C.); (P.G.-A.)
| | - Amparo C. Martínez-Ramírez
- Department of Genetics, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain; E-Mails: (I.G.-R.); (C.O.-C.); (A.C.M.-R.); (C.R.)
| | - Carmen González-Bosch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, IATA (CSIC), Paterna, Valencia 46980, Spain; E-Mail:
| | - Pilar García-Agustín
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Laboratory, Plant Physiology Area, Department CAMN, University Jaume I, Castellón 12071, Spain; E-Mails: (E.F.-C.); (G.C.); (P.G.-A.)
| | - Carolina Rausell
- Department of Genetics, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain; E-Mails: (I.G.-R.); (C.O.-C.); (A.C.M.-R.); (C.R.)
| | - María Dolores Real
- Department of Genetics, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain; E-Mails: (I.G.-R.); (C.O.-C.); (A.C.M.-R.); (C.R.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +34-963-543-397; Fax: +34-963-543-029
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