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Dias MC, Moutinho-Pereira J, Correia C, Monteiro C, Araújo M, Brüggemann W, Santos C. Physiological mechanisms to cope with Cr(VI) toxicity in lettuce: can lettuce be used in Cr phytoremediation? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:15627-37. [PMID: 27130342 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6735-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This research aims at identifying the main deleterious effects of Cr(VI) on the photosynthetic apparatus and at selecting the most sensitive endpoints related to photosynthesis. To achieve this goal, we used lettuce (Lactuca sativa), a sensible ecotoxicological crop model. Three-week-old plants were exposed to 0, 50, 150 and 200 mg L(-1) of Cr(VI). These concentrations ranged from levels admitted in irrigation waters to values found in several Cr industry effluents and heavily contaminated environments. After 30 days of exposure, plants accumulated Cr preferably in roots and showed nutritional impairment, with decreases of K, Mg, Fe and Zn in both roots and leaves. Cr(VI)-exposed plants showed decreased levels of chlorophyll (Chl) a and anthocyanins, as well as decreased effective quantum yield of photostystem II (ΦPSII) and photochemical Chl fluorescence quenching (qp), but increases in the non-photochemical Chl fluorescence quenching (NPQ) and in the de-epoxidation state (DEP) of the xanthophyll cycle. Net CO2 assimilation rate (P N ) and RuBisCO activity were mostly impaired in the highest Cr(VI) concentration tested. Concerning the final products of photosynthesis, starch content was not affected, while soluble sugar contents increased. These alterations were accompanied by a reduction in protein content and in plant growth. Our results support that endpoints related to the photosynthesis photochemical processes (ΦPSII and the qp) and the content of anthocyanins are sensitive predictors of Cr(VI) toxicity. The advantages of using these parameters as biomarkers for Cr toxicity in plants are discussed. Finally, we report that, despite showing physiological disorders, L. sativa plants survived and accumulated high doses of Cr, and their use in environmental/decontamination studies is open to debate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Celeste Dias
- Centre for Functional Ecology (CEF) and Department of Life Science, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - José Moutinho-Pereira
- Department of Biology and Environment, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Apartado 1013, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carlos Correia
- Department of Biology and Environment, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Apartado 1013, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Cristina Monteiro
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Cytometry, University Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Márcia Araújo
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Cytometry, University Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Wolfgang Brüggemann
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University, Max von Laue Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Conceição Santos
- Department of Biology & GreenUP/Citab-UP, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
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Wang H, He L, Song J, Cui W, Zhang Y, Jia C, Francis D, Rogers HJ, Sun L, Tai P, Hui X, Yang Y, Liu W. Cadmium-induced genomic instability in Arabidopsis: Molecular toxicological biomarkers for early diagnosis of cadmium stress. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 150:258-265. [PMID: 26907594 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Microsatellite instability (MSI) analysis, random-amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), and methylation-sensitive arbitrarily primed PCR (MSAP-PCR) are methods to evaluate the toxicity of environmental pollutants in stress-treated plants and human cancer cells. Here, we evaluate these techniques to screen for genetic and epigenetic alterations of Arabidopsis plantlets exposed to 0-5.0 mg L(-1) cadmium (Cd) for 15 d. There was a substantial increase in RAPD polymorphism of 24.5, and in genomic methylation polymorphism of 30.5-34.5 at CpG and of 14.5-20 at CHG sites under Cd stress of 5.0 mg L(-1) by RAPD and of 0.25-5.0 mg L(-1) by MSAP-PCR, respectively. However, only a tiny increase of 1.5 loci by RAPD occurred under Cd stress of 4.0 mg L(-1), and an additional high dose (8.0 mg L(-1)) resulted in one repeat by MSI analysis. MSAP-PCR detected the most significant epigenetic modifications in plantlets exposed to Cd stress, and the patterns of hypermethylation and polymorphisms were consistent with inverted U-shaped dose responses. The presence of genomic methylation polymorphism in Cd-treated seedlings, prior to the onset of RAPD polymorphism, MSI and obvious growth effects, suggests that these altered DNA methylation loci are the most sensitive biomarkers for early diagnosis and risk assessment of genotoxic effects of Cd pollution in ecotoxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hetong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Department of Basic Medicine, He University, Shenyang 110163, PR China
| | - Lei He
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Environmental Science College, Liao University, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Jie Song
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Environmental Science College, Liao University, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Weina Cui
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, PR China
| | - Yanzhao Zhang
- Life Science Department, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471022, PR China
| | - Chunyun Jia
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Dennis Francis
- Key Laboratory of Eco-restoration, Shenyang University, Shenyang 11044, PR China
| | - Hilary J Rogers
- Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Cardiff CF10 33TL, UK
| | - Lizong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Peidong Tai
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Xiujuan Hui
- Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, PR China
| | - Yuesuo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-restoration, Shenyang University, Shenyang 11044, PR China
| | - Wan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
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