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Ma H, Cai L, Lin J, Zhou K, Li QQ. Divergence in the Regulation of the Salt Tolerant Response Between Arabidopsis thaliana and Its Halophytic Relative Eutrema salsugineum by mRNA Alternative Polyadenylation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:866054. [PMID: 35401636 PMCID: PMC8993227 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.866054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Salt tolerance is an important mechanism by which plants can adapt to a saline environment. To understand the process of salt tolerance, we performed global analyses of mRNA alternative polyadenylation (APA), an important regulatory mechanism during eukaryotic gene expression, in Arabidopsis thaliana and its halophytic relative Eutrema salsugineum with regard to their responses to salt stress. Analyses showed that while APA occurs commonly in both Arabidopsis and Eutrema, Eutrema possesses fewer APA genes than Arabidopsis (47% vs. 54%). However, the proportion of APA genes was significantly increased in Arabidopsis under salt stress but not in Eutrema. This indicated that Arabidopsis is more sensitive to salt stress and that Eutrema exhibits an innate response to such conditions. Both species utilized distal poly(A) sites under salt stress; however, only eight genes were found to overlap when their 3' untranslated region (UTR) lengthen genes were compared, thus revealing their distinct responses to salt stress. In Arabidopsis, genes that use distal poly(A) sites were enriched in response to salt stress. However, in Eutrema, the use of poly(A) sites was less affected and fewer genes were enriched. The transcripts with upregulated poly(A) sites in Arabidopsis showed enriched pathways in plant hormone signal transduction, starch and sucrose metabolism, and fatty acid elongation; in Eutrema, biosynthetic pathways (stilbenoid, diarylheptanoid, and gingerol) and metabolic pathways (arginine and proline) showed enrichment. APA was associated with 42% and 29% of the differentially expressed genes (DE genes) in Arabidopsis and Eutrema experiencing salt stress, respectively. Salt specific poly(A) sites and salt-inducible APA events were identified in both species; notably, some salt tolerance-related genes and transcription factor genes exhibited differential APA patterns, such as CIPK21 and LEA4-5. Our results suggest that adapted species exhibit more orderly response at the RNA maturation step under salt stress, while more salt-specific poly(A) sites were activated in Arabidopsis to cope with salinity conditions. Collectively, our findings not only highlight the importance of APA in the regulation of gene expression in response to salt stress, but also provide a new perspective on how salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant species perform differently under stress conditions through transcriptome diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ma
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Lingling Cai
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Juncheng Lin
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Kaiyue Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qingshun Q. Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Qingshun Q. Li,
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Xiong F, Nie X, Yang L, Wang L, Li J, Zhou G. Non-target metabolomics revealed the differences between Rh. tanguticum plants growing under canopy and open habitats. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:119. [PMID: 33639841 PMCID: PMC7913229 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02897-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheum tanguticum (Rh. tanguticum) is an important traditional Chinese medicine plant, "Dahuang", which contains productive metabolites and occupies wide habitats on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. Plants occupying wide habitats usually vary in phenotypes such as in morphology and metabolism, thereby developing into different ecotypes. Under canopy and open habitats are a pair of dissimilar habitats which possess Rh. tanguticum plants. However, few studies have focused on the effect of habitats on Rh. tanguticum growth, particularly combining morphological and metabolic changes. This study focused on Rh. tanguticum plants growing in under canopy and open habitats where morphology and metabolism changes were quantified using non-target metabolism methods. RESULTS The obtained results indicated that the two dissimilar habitats led to Rh. tanguticum developing into two distinct ecotypes where the morphology and metabolism were simultaneously changed. Under canopy habitats bred morphologically smaller Rh. tanguticum plants which had a higher level of metabolites (22 out of 31) which included five flavonoids, four isoflavonoids, and three anthracenes. On the other hand, the open habitats produced morphologically larger Rh. tanguticum plants having a higher level of metabolites (9 out of 31) including four flavonoids. 6 of the 31 metabolites were predicted to have effect targets, include 4 represent for under canopy habitats and 2 for open habitats. Totally, 208 targets were connected, among which 42 were communal targets for both under canopy and open habitats represent compounds, and 100 and 66 were unique targets for under canopy superior compounds and open habitats superior compounds, respectively. In addition, aloe-emodin, emodin, chrysophanol, physcion, sennoside A and sennoside B were all more accumulated in under canopy habitats, and among which aloe-emodin, emodin, chrysophanol and physcion were significantly higher in under canopy habitats. CONCLUSIONS This study determined that Rh. tanguticum growing in under canopy and in open habitats developed into two distinct ecotypes with morphological and metabolic differences. Results of network pharmacology study has indicated that "Dahuang" coming from different habitats, such as under canopy and open habitats, are different in effect targets and thus may have different medicinal use. According to target metabolomics, under canopy habitats may grow better "Dahuang".
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xiong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining, 810008, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiuqing Nie
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
- Research Institute of Nature Protected Area Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Lucun Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining, 810008, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- College of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Guoying Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining, 810008, China.
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Armstrong JJ, Takebayashi N, Wolf DE. Cold tolerance in the genus Arabidopsis. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2020; 107:489-497. [PMID: 32096224 PMCID: PMC7137905 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Cold tolerance is an important factor limiting the geographic distribution and growing season for many plant species, yet few studies have examined variation in cold tolerance extensively within and among closely related species and compared that to their geographic distribution. METHODS This study examines cold tolerance within and among species in the genus Arabidopsis. We assessed cold tolerance by measuring electrolyte leakage from detached leaves in multiple populations of five Arabidopsis taxa. The temperature at which 50% of cells were lysed was considered the lethal temperature (LT50 ). RESULTS We found variability within and among taxa in cold tolerance. There was no significant within-species relationship between latitude and cold tolerance. However, the northern taxa, A. kamchatica, A. lyrata subsp. petraea, and A. lyrata subsp. lyrata, were more cold tolerant than A. thaliana and A. halleri subsp. gemmifera both before and after cold acclimation. Cold tolerance increased after cold acclimation (exposure to low, but nonfreezing temperatures) for all taxa, although the difference was not significant for A. halleri subsp. gemmifera. For all taxa except A. lyrata subsp. lyrata, the LT50 values for cold-acclimated plants were higher than the January mean daily minimum temperature (Tmin ), indicating that if plants were not insulated by snow cover, they would not likely survive winter at the northern edge of their range. CONCLUSIONS Arabidopsis lyrata and A. kamchatica were far more cold tolerant than A. thaliana. These extremely cold-tolerant taxa are excellent candidates for studying both the molecular and ecological aspects of cold tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J. Armstrong
- University of Alaska Fairbanks, Institute of Arctic Biology
and Department of Biology and Wildlife, 2140 Koyukuk Drive, P. O. Box 757000,
Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA
- University of Alaska Fairbanks, eCampus, P. O. Box 756700,
Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA
| | - Naoki Takebayashi
- University of Alaska Fairbanks, Institute of Arctic Biology
and Department of Biology and Wildlife, 2140 Koyukuk Drive, P. O. Box 757000,
Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA
| | - Diana E. Wolf
- University of Alaska Fairbanks, Institute of Arctic Biology
and Department of Biology and Wildlife, 2140 Koyukuk Drive, P. O. Box 757000,
Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA
- Author for correspondence
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Kenchanmane Raju SK, Barnes AC, Schnable JC, Roston RL. Low-temperature tolerance in land plants: Are transcript and membrane responses conserved? PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 276:73-86. [PMID: 30348330 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants' tolerance of low temperatures is an economically and ecologically important limitation on geographic distributions and growing seasons. Tolerance for low temperatures varies significantly across different plant species, and different mechanisms likely act in different species. In order to survive low-temperature stress, plant membranes must maintain their fluidity in increasingly cold and oxidative cellular environments. The responses of different species to low-temperature stress include changes to the types and desaturation levels of membrane lipids, though the precise lipids affected tend to vary by species. Regulation of membrane dynamics and other low-temperature tolerance factors are controlled by both transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. Here, we review low-temperature induced changes in both membrane lipid composition and gene transcription across multiple related plant species with differing degrees of low-temperature tolerance. We attempt to define a core set of changes for transcripts and lipids across species and treatment variations. Some responses appear to be consistent across all species for which data are available, while many others appear likely to be species or family-specific. Potential rationales are presented, including variance in testing, reporting and the importance of considering the level of stress perceived by the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar Kenchanmane Raju
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588, USA; Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588, USA
| | - Allison C Barnes
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588, USA
| | - James C Schnable
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588, USA; Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588, USA
| | - Rebecca L Roston
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588, USA.
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Zuther E, Lee YP, Erban A, Kopka J, Hincha DK. Natural Variation in Freezing Tolerance and Cold Acclimation Response in Arabidopsis thaliana and Related Species. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1081:81-98. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-1244-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Khanal N, Bray GE, Grisnich A, Moffatt BA, Gray GR. Differential Mechanisms of Photosynthetic Acclimation to Light and Low Temperature in Arabidopsis and the Extremophile Eutrema salsugineum. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 6:E32. [PMID: 28792470 PMCID: PMC5620588 DOI: 10.3390/plants6030032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms are able to sense energy imbalances brought about by the overexcitation of photosystem II (PSII) through the redox state of the photosynthetic electron transport chain, estimated as the chlorophyll fluorescence parameter 1-qL, also known as PSII excitation pressure. Plants employ a wide array of photoprotective processes that modulate photosynthesis to correct these energy imbalances. Low temperature and light are well established in their ability to modulate PSII excitation pressure. The acquisition of freezing tolerance requires growth and development a low temperature (cold acclimation) which predisposes the plant to photoinhibition. Thus, photosynthetic acclimation is essential for proper energy balancing during the cold acclimation process. Eutrema salsugineum (Thellungiella salsuginea) is an extremophile, a close relative of Arabidopsis thaliana, but possessing much higher constitutive levels of tolerance to abiotic stress. This comparative study aimed to characterize the photosynthetic properties of Arabidopsis (Columbia accession) and two accessions of Eutrema (Yukon and Shandong) isolated from contrasting geographical locations at cold acclimating and non-acclimating conditions. In addition, three different growth regimes were utilized that varied in temperature, photoperiod and irradiance which resulted in different levels of PSII excitation pressure. This study has shown that these accessions interact differentially to instantaneous (measuring) and long-term (acclimation) changes in PSII excitation pressure with regard to their photosynthetic behaviour. Eutrema accessions contained a higher amount of photosynthetic pigments, showed higher oxidation of P700 and possessed more resilient photoprotective mechanisms than that of Arabidopsis, perhaps through the prevention of PSI acceptor-limitation. Upon comparison of the two Eutrema accessions, Shandong demonstrated the greatest PSII operating efficiency (ΦPSII) and P700 oxidizing capacity, while Yukon showed greater growth plasticity to irradiance. Both of these Eutrema accessions are able to photosynthetically acclimate but do so by different mechanisms. The Shandong accessions demonstrate a stable response, favouring energy partitioning to photochemistry while the Yukon accession shows a more rapid response with partitioning to other (non-photochemical) strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nityananda Khanal
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada.
| | - Geoffrey E Bray
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada.
| | - Anna Grisnich
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada.
| | - Barbara A Moffatt
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Gordon R Gray
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada.
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Kenta T, Edwards JEM, Butlin RK, Burke T, Quick WP, Urwin P, Davey MP. Tissue Culture as a Source of Replicates in Nonmodel Plants: Variation in Cold Response in Arabidopsis lyrata ssp. petraea. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2016; 6:3817-3823. [PMID: 27729439 PMCID: PMC5144953 DOI: 10.1534/g3.116.034314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
While genotype-environment interaction is increasingly receiving attention by ecologists and evolutionary biologists, such studies need genetically homogeneous replicates-a challenging hurdle in outcrossing plants. This could be potentially overcome by using tissue culture techniques. However, plants regenerated from tissue culture may show aberrant phenotypes and "somaclonal" variation. Here, we examined somaclonal variation due to tissue culturing using the response to cold treatment of photosynthetic efficiency (chlorophyll fluorescence measurements for Fv/Fm, Fv'/Fm', and ΦPSII, representing maximum efficiency of photosynthesis for dark- and light-adapted leaves, and the actual electron transport operating efficiency, respectively, which are reliable indicators of photoinhibition and damage to the photosynthetic electron transport system). We compared this to variation among half-sibling seedlings from three different families of Arabidopsis lyrata ssp. petraea Somaclonal variation was limited, and we could detect within-family variation in change in chlorophyll fluorescence due to cold shock successfully with the help of tissue-culture derived replicates. Icelandic and Norwegian families exhibited higher chlorophyll fluorescence, suggesting higher performance after cold shock, than a Swedish family. Although the main effect of tissue culture on Fv/Fm, Fv'/Fm', and ΦPSII was small, there were significant interactions between tissue culture and family, suggesting that the effect of tissue culture is genotype-specific. Tissue-cultured plantlets were less affected by cold treatment than seedlings, but to a different extent in each family. These interactive effects, however, were comparable to, or much smaller than the single effect of family. These results suggest that tissue culture is a useful method for obtaining genetically homogenous replicates for studying genotype-environment interaction related to adaptively-relevant phenotypes, such as cold response, in nonmodel outcrossing plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanaka Kenta
- Department of Animal & Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | | | - Roger K Butlin
- Department of Animal & Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Terry Burke
- Department of Animal & Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - W Paul Quick
- Department of Animal & Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Peter Urwin
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative and Comparative Biology, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Matthew P Davey
- Department of Animal & Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
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Lee YP, Funk C, Erban A, Kopka J, Köhl KI, Zuther E, Hincha DK. Salt stress responses in a geographically diverse collection of Eutrema/Thellungiella spp. accessions. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2016; 43:590-606. [PMID: 32480489 DOI: 10.1071/fp15285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Salinity strongly impairs plant growth and development. Natural genetic variation can be used to dissect complex traits such as plant salt tolerance. We used 16 accessions of the halophytic species Eutrema salsugineum (previously called Thellungiella salsuginea (Pallas) O.E.Schulz, Thellungiella halophila (C.A.Meyer) O.E. Schulz and Thellungiella botschantzevii D.A.German to investigate their natural variation in salinity tolerance. Although all accessions showed survival and growth up to 700mM NaCl in hydroponic culture, their relative salt tolerance varied considerably. All accessions accumulated the compatible solutes proline, sucrose, glucose and fructose and the polyamines putrescine and spermine. Relative salt tolerance was not correlated with the content of any of the investigated solutes. We compared the metabolomes and transcriptomes of Arabidopsis thaliana (L. Heynh.) Col-0 and E. salsugineum Yukon under control and salt stress conditions. Higher content of several metabolites in Yukon compared with Col-0 under control conditions indicated metabolic pre-adaptation to salinity in the halophyte. Most metabolic salt responses in Yukon took place at 200mM NaCl, whereas few additional changes were observed between 200 and 500mM. The opposite trend was observed for the transcriptome, with only little overlap between salt-regulated genes in the two species. In addition, only about half of the salt-regulated Yukon unigenes had orthologues in Col-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ping Lee
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Christian Funk
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Alexander Erban
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Joachim Kopka
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Karin I Köhl
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ellen Zuther
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Dirk K Hincha
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
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Ariga H, Tanaka T, Ono H, Sakata Y, Hayashi T, Taji T. CSP41b, a protein identified via FOX hunting using Eutrema salsugineum cDNAs, improves heat and salinity stress tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 464:318-23. [PMID: 26123393 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.06.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Eutrema salsugineum (also known as Thellungiella salsuginea and formerly Thellungiella halophila), a species closely related to Arabidopsis thaliana, shows tolerance not only to salt stress, but also to chilling, freezing, and high temperatures. To identify genes responsible for stress tolerance, we conducted Full-length cDNA Over-eXpressing gene (FOX) hunting among a collection of E. salsugineum cDNAs that were stress-induced according to gene ontology analysis or over-expressed in E. salsugineum compared with A. thaliana. We identified E. salsugineum CSP41b (chloroplast stem-loop-binding protein of 41 kDa; also known as CRB, chloroplast RNA binding; named here as EsCSP41b) as a gene that can confer heat and salinity stress tolerance on A. thaliana. A. thaliana CSP41b is reported to play an important role in the proper functioning of the chloroplast: the atcsp41b mutant is smaller and paler than wild-type plants and shows altered chloroplast morphology and photosynthetic performance. We observed that AtCSP41b-overexpressing transgenic A. thaliana lines also exhibited marked heat tolerance and significant salinity stress tolerance. The EsCSP41b-overexpressing transgenic A. thaliana lines showed significantly higher photosynthesis activity than wild-type plants not only under normal growth conditions but also under heat stress. In wild-type plants, the expression levels of both EsCSP41b and AtCSP41b were significantly reduced under heat or salinity stress. We conclude that maintenance of CSP41b expression under abiotic stresses may alleviate photoinhibition and improve survival under such stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Ariga
- Department of Bio-Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Tomoko Tanaka
- Department of Bio-Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Ono
- Department of Bio-Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Yoichi Sakata
- Department of Bio-Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Takahisa Hayashi
- Department of Bio-Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Teruaki Taji
- Department of Bio-Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan.
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