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van der Cruijsen K, Al Hassan M, van Erven G, Kollerie N, van Lent B, Dechesne A, Dolstra O, Paulo MJ, Trindade LM. Salt stress alters the cell wall components and structure in Miscanthus sinensis stems. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14430. [PMID: 38981734 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Miscanthus is a perennial grass suitable for the production of lignocellulosic biomass on marginal lands. The effects of salt stress on Miscanthus cell wall composition and its consequences on biomass quality have nonetheless received relatively little attention. In this study, we investigated how exposure to moderate (100 mM NaCl) or severe (200 mM NaCl) saline growing conditions altered the composition of both primary and secondary cell wall components in the stems of 15 Miscanthus sinensis genotypes. The exposure to stress drastically impacted biomass yield and cell wall composition in terms of content and structural features. In general, the observed compositional changes were more pronounced under severe stress conditions and were more apparent in genotypes with a higher sensitivity towards stress. Besides a severely reduced cellulose content, salt stress led to increased pectin content, presumably in the form of highly branched rhamnogalacturonan type I. Although salt stress had a limited effect on the total lignin content, the acid-soluble lignin content was strongly increased in the most sensitive genotypes. This effect was also reflected in substantially altered lignin structures and led to a markedly reduced incorporation of syringyl subunits and p-coumaric acid moieties. Interestingly, plants that were allowed a recovery period after stress ultimately had a reduced lignin content compared to those continuously grown under control conditions. In addition, the salt stress-induced cell wall alterations contributed to an improved enzymatic saccharification efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamad Al Hassan
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs van Erven
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole Kollerie
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bas van Lent
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarie Dechesne
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Oene Dolstra
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria-João Paulo
- Biometris, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Luisa M Trindade
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Wang Y, Wen J, Li S, Li J, Yu H, Li Y, Ren X, Wang L, Tang J, Zhang X, Liu Z, Peng L. Upgrading pectin methylation for consistently enhanced biomass enzymatic saccharification and cadmium phytoremediation in rice Ospmes site-mutants. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:130137. [PMID: 38354940 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Crop straws provide enormous biomass residues applicable for biofuel production and trace metal phytoremediation. However, as lignocellulose recalcitrance determines a costly process with potential secondary waste liberation, genetic modification of plant cell walls is deemed as a promising solution. Although pectin methylation plays an important role for plant cell wall construction and integrity, little is known about its regulation roles on lignocellulose hydrolysis and trace metal elimination. In this study, we initially performed a typical CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing for site mutations of OsPME31, OsPME34 and OsPME79 in rice, and then determined significantly upgraded pectin methylation degrees in the young seedlings of three distinct site-mutants compared to their wild type. We then examined distinctively improved lignocellulose recalcitrance in three mutants including reduced cellulose levels, crystallinity and polymerization or raised hemicellulose deposition and cellulose accessibility, which led to specifically enlarged biomass porosity either for consistently enhanced biomass enzymatic saccharification under mild alkali pretreatments or for cadmium (Cd) accumulation up to 2.4-fold. Therefore, this study proposed a novel model to elucidate how pectin methylation could play a unique enhancement role for both lignocellulose enzymatic hydrolysis and Cd phytoremediation, providing insights into precise pectin modification for effective biomass utilization and efficient trace metal exclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation & Molecular Pharmaceutics, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Ministry of Education & Hubei Province, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiaxue Wen
- Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Sufang Li
- Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiaying Li
- Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hua Yu
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation & Molecular Pharmaceutics, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Ministry of Education & Hubei Province, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yunong Li
- Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xifeng Ren
- Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lingqiang Wang
- Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jingfeng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation & Molecular Pharmaceutics, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Ministry of Education & Hubei Province, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention & Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Zhongqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention & Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Liangcai Peng
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation & Molecular Pharmaceutics, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Ministry of Education & Hubei Province, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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3
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Ma Z, Lv J, Wu W, Fu D, Lü S, Ke Y, Yang P. Regulatory network of rice in response to heat stress and its potential application in breeding strategy. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2023; 43:68. [PMID: 37608925 PMCID: PMC10440324 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-023-01415-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of global industrialization has led to serious environmental problems, among which global warming has become one of the major concerns. The gradual rise in global temperature resulted in the loss of food production, and hence a serious threat to world food security. Rice is the main crop for approximately half of the world's population, and its geographic distribution, yield, and quality are frequently reduced due to elevated temperature stress, and breeding rice varieties with tolerance to heat stress is of immense significance. Therefore, it is critical to study the molecular mechanism of rice in response to heat stress. In the last decades, large amounts of studies have been conducted focusing on rice heat stress response. Valuable information has been obtained, which not only sheds light on the regulatory network underlying this physiological process but also provides some candidate genes for improved heat tolerance breeding in rice. In this review, we summarized the studies in this field. Hopefully, it will provide some new insights into the mechanisms of rice under high temperature stress and clues for future engineering breeding of improved heat tolerance rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zemin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062 China
| | - Jun Lv
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000 China
| | - Wenhua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062 China
| | - Dong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062 China
| | - Shiyou Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062 China
| | - Yinggen Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062 China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Pingfang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062 China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070 China
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Önder S, Tonguç M, Önder D, Erbaş S, Mutlucan M. Dynamic changes occur in the cell wall composition and related enzyme activities during flower development in Rosa damascena. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1120098. [PMID: 37588417 PMCID: PMC10425964 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1120098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The flowering period of oil-bearing rose is short and many physiological processes occur during flower development. Changes in the cell wall composition and associated enzyme activities are important as they allow cells to divide, differentiate and grow. In the present study, changes in seven cell wall components and six cell wall-related enzyme activities at five flower development stages were investigated and the relationships between these parameters and flowering were examined. Ash content did not change between stages I to II but decreased at later stages. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and hemicellulose contents increased after stage I but did not change significantly at the other developmental periods. Total pectin content increased throughout flower development. An "increase-decrease" trend was observed in total cellulose content and a "decrease-increase" pattern in uronic acid content. The activities of both glycosidases (β-galactosidase, β-glucosidase and endoglucanase) and pectinases (pectin lyase, pectin methyl esterase and polygalacturonase) increased until stage IV and decreased significantly at stage V of flower development. Correlation analysis revealed 14 positive and one negative correlation with the studied parameters. Cell wall enzymes showed positive correlations with each other. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that ADF, NDF and cellulose content were significantly altered at stage II of flower development, and significant changes occurred in all cell wall enzyme activities between stages III and V. Overall, blooming is correlated closely with increased pectin and decreased cellulose contents, and changes in cell wall glucosidase and pectin hydrolysis enzyme activities. These results show that cell wall modifying enzymes are part of the flower development process in oil-bearing rose. Therefore, remodeling of cell wall components in petals is a process of flower development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sercan Önder
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Isparta, Türkiye
| | - Muhammet Tonguç
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Isparta, Türkiye
| | - Damla Önder
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Türkiye
| | - Sabri Erbaş
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Isparta, Türkiye
| | - Murat Mutlucan
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Isparta, Türkiye
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Wang S, Li R, Zhou Y, Fernie AR, Ding Z, Zhou Q, Che Y, Yao Y, Liu J, Wang Y, Hu X, Guo J. Integrated Characterization of Cassava ( Manihot esculenta) Pectin Methylesterase ( MePME) Genes to Filter Candidate Gene Responses to Multiple Abiotic Stresses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2529. [PMID: 37447090 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant pectin methylesterases (PMEs) play crucial roles in regulating cell wall modification and response to various stresses. Members of the PME family have been found in several crops, but there is a lack of research into their presence in cassava (Manihot esculent), which is an important crop for world food security. In this research, 89 MePME genes were identified in cassava that were separated into two types (type-Ⅰ and type-Ⅱ) according to the existence or absence of a pro-region (PMEI domain). The MePME gene members were unevenly located on 17 chromosomes, with 19 gene pairs being identified that most likely arose via duplication events. The MePMEs could be divided into ten sub-groups in type-Ⅰ and five sub-groups in type-Ⅱ. The motif analysis revealed 11 conserved motifs in type-Ⅰ and 8 in type-Ⅱ MePMEs. The number of introns in the CDS region of type-Ⅰ MePMEs ranged between one and two, and the number of introns in type-Ⅱ MePMEs ranged between one and nine. There were 21 type-Ⅰ and 31 type-Ⅱ MePMEs that contained signal peptides. Most of the type-Ⅰ MePMEs had two conserved "RK/RLL" and one "FPSWVS" domain between the pro-region and the PME domain. Multiple stress-, hormone- and tissue-specific-related cis-acting regulatory elements were identified in the promoter regions of MePME genes. A total of five co-expressed genes (MePME1, MePME2, MePME27, MePME65 and MePME82) were filtered from different abiotic stresses via the use of UpSet Venn diagrams. The gene expression pattern analysis revealed that the expression of MePME1 was positively correlated with the degree of cassava postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD). The expression of this gene was also significantly upregulated by 7% PEG and 14 °C low-temperature stress, but slightly downregulated by ABA treatment. The tissue-specific expression analysis revealed that MePME1 and MePME65 generally displayed higher expression levels in most tissues than the other co-expressed genes. In this study, we obtain an in-depth understanding of the cassava PME gene family, suggesting that MePME1 could be a candidate gene associated with multiple abiotic tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijia Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Ruimei Li
- College of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Yangjiao Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Zhongping Ding
- College of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Yannian Che
- College of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Xinwen Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- College of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Hainan Vocational University of Science and Technology, Haikou 571126, China
| | - Jianchun Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
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Kumar R, Meghwanshi GK, Marcianò D, Ullah SF, Bulone V, Toffolatti SL, Srivastava V. Sequence, structure and functionality of pectin methylesterases and their use in sustainable carbohydrate bioproducts: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 244:125385. [PMID: 37330097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Pectin methylesterases (PMEs) are enzymes that play a critical role in modifying pectins, a class of complex polysaccharides in plant cell walls. These enzymes catalyze the removal of methyl ester groups from pectins, resulting in a change in the degree of esterification and consequently, the physicochemical properties of the polymers. PMEs are found in various plant tissues and organs, and their activity is tightly regulated in response to developmental and environmental factors. In addition to the biochemical modification of pectins, PMEs have been implicated in various biological processes, including fruit ripening, defense against pathogens, and cell wall remodelling. This review presents updated information on PMEs, including their sources, sequences and structural diversity, biochemical properties and function in plant development. The article also explores the mechanisms of PME action and the factors influencing enzyme activity. In addition, the review highlights the potential applications of PMEs in various industrial sectors related to biomass exploitation, food, and textile industries, with a focus on development of bioproducts based on eco-friendly and efficient industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajender Kumar
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Demetrio Marcianò
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Sadia Fida Ullah
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vincent Bulone
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, 5042, South Australia, Australia
| | - Silvia Laura Toffolatti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Vaibhav Srivastava
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Sun J, Tian Z, Li X, Li S, Li Z, Wang J, Hu Z, Chen H, Guo C, Xie M, Xu R. Systematic analysis of the pectin methylesterase gene family in Nicotiana tabacum and reveal their multiple roles in plant development and abiotic stresses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:998841. [PMID: 36247564 PMCID: PMC9554592 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.998841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The pectin methylesterases (PMEs) play multiple roles in regulating plant development and responses to various stresses. In our study, a total of 121 PME genes were identified in the tobacco genome, which were clustered into two groups based on phylogenetic analysis together with Arabidopsis members. The investigations of gene structure and conserved motif indicated that exon/intron and motif organizations were relatively conserved in each group. Additionally, several stress-related elements were identified in the promoter region of these genes. The survey of duplication events revealed that segmental duplications were critical to the expansion of the PME gene family in tobacco. The expression profiles analysis revealed that these genes were expressed in various tissues and could be induced by diverse abiotic stresses. Notably, NtPME029 and NtPME043, were identified as homologues with AtPME3 and AtPME31, respectively. Furthermore, NtPME029 was highly expressed in roots and the over-expression of the NtPME029 gene could promote the development of roots. While NtPME043 could be induced by salt and ABA treatments, and the over-expression of the NtPME043 gene could significantly enhance the salt-stress tolerance in tobacco. Overall, these findings may shed light on the biological and functional characterization of NtPME genes in tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhao Sun
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Jiangsu Industrial Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhen Tian
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Jiangsu Industrial Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoxu Li
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Shaopeng Li
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Jiangsu Industrial Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinling Wang
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Jiangsu Industrial Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Zongyu Hu
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Jiangsu Industrial Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Haiqing Chen
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Jiangsu Industrial Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Cun Guo
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Kunming Branch of Yunnan Provincial Tobacco Company, Kunming, China
| | - Minmin Xie
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Ruyan Xu
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Jiangsu Industrial Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
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8
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Ge W, Chen H, Zhang Y, Feng S, Wang S, Shang Q, Wu M, Li Z, Zhang L, Guo H, Jin Y, Wang X. Integrative genomics analysis of the ever-shrinking pectin methylesterase (PME) gene family in foxtail millet ( Setaria italica). FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2022; 49:874-886. [PMID: 35781367 DOI: 10.1071/fp21319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Pectin methylesterase (PME) plays a vital role in the growth and development of plants. Their genes can be classified into two types, with Type-1 having an extra domain, PMEI. PME genes in foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) have not been identified, and their sequence features and evolution have not been explored. Here, we identified 41 foxtail millet PME genes. Decoding the pro-region, containing the PMEI domain, revealed its more active nature than the DNA encoding PME domain, easier to be lost to produce Type-2 PME genes. We inferred that the active nature of the pro-region could be related to its harbouring more repetitive DNA sequences. Further, we revealed that though whole-genome duplication and tandem duplication contributed to producing new copies of PME genes, phylogenetic analysis provided clear evidence of ever-shrinking gene family size in foxtail millet and the other grasses in the past 100 million years. Phylogenetic analysis also supports the existence of two gene groups, Group I and Group II, with genes in Group II being more conservative. Our research contributes to understanding how DNA sequence structure affects the functional innovation and evolution of PME genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weina Ge
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Huilong Chen
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China; and School of Information Science and Technology, Yanching Institute of Technology, Langfang 065000, Hebei, China
| | - Yingchao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Shuyan Feng
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Shuailei Wang
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Qian Shang
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Meng Wu
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Ziqi Li
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - He Guo
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Yongchao Jin
- College of Science, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Xiyin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
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9
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Huang D, Mao Y, Guo G, Ni D, Chen L. Genome-wide identification of PME gene family and expression of candidate genes associated with aluminum tolerance in tea plant (Camellia sinensis). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:306. [PMID: 35751024 PMCID: PMC9229754 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03686-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The major aluminum (Al) detoxication mechanism of tea plant (Camellia sinensis), as an Al hyperaccumulator plant, is the fixation of almost 70% of Al in the cell walls. Pectin is the primary constituent of cell walls, a degree of methylation of pectin polysaccharides regulated by the pectin methylesterase (PME) genes can greatly affect the Al binding capacity. The knowledge on PME gene family in tea plant is still poor. RESULTS We identified 66 (CsPME1-CsPME66) PME genes from C. sinensis genome. We studied their protein characterization, conserved motifs, gene structure, systematic evolution and gene expression under Al treatments, to establish a basis for in-depth research on the function of PMEs in tea plant. Gene structures analysis revealed that the majority of PME genes had 2-4 exons. Phylogenetic results pointed out that the PME genes from the same species displayed comparatively high sequence consistency and genetic similarity. Selective pressure investigation suggested that the Ka/Ks value for homologous genes of PME family was less than one. The expression of CsPMEs under three Al concentration treatments was tissue specific, eight PME genes in leaves and 15 in roots displayed a trend similar to of the Al contents and PME activities under Al concentration treatments, indicating that the degree of pectin de-esterification regulated by PME was crucial for Al tolerance of tea plant. CONCLUSIONS Sixty-six CsPME genes were identified for the first time in tea plant. The genome-wide identification, classification, evolutionary and transcription analyses of the PME gene family provided a new direction for further research on the function of PME gene in Al tolerance of tea plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danjuan Huang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China
- Fruit and Tea Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yingxin Mao
- Fruit and Tea Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Guiyi Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Comprehensive Utilization in South Henan, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Dejiang Ni
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Liang Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China.
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10
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Zeng M, He S, Hao J, Zhao Y, Zheng C. iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis of heteromorphic leaves reveals eco-adaptability of Populus euphratica Oliv. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 271:153644. [PMID: 35219031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterophylly is regard as adaptation to different environments in plant, and Populus euphratica is an important heterophyllous woody plant. However, information on its molecular mechanism in eco-adaptability remains obscure. RESULTS In this research, proteins were identified by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) technology in lanceolate, ovate, and dentate broad-ovate leaves from adult P. euphratica trees, respectively. Besides, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and peroxidase activity in these heteromorphic leaves were investigated. A total number of 2,689 proteins were detected in the heteromorphic leaves, of which 56, 73, and 222 differential abundance proteins (DAPs) were determined in ovate/lanceolate, dentate broad-ovate/lanceolate, and dentate broad-ovate/ovate comparison groups. Bioinformatics analysis suggested these altered proteins related to photosynthesis, stress tolerance, respiration and primary metabolism accumulated in dentate broad-ovate and ovate leaves, which were consistent with the results of physiological parameters and Real-time Quantitative PCR experiments. CONCLUSION This research demonstrated the mechanism of the differential abundance proteins in providing an optimal strategy of resource utilization and survival for P. euphratica, that could offer clues for further investigations into eco-adaptability of heterophyllous woody plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zeng
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Qing Hua Dong Lu, Beijing, 100083, China; Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520, China.
| | - Shuhang He
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Qing Hua Dong Lu, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Jianqing Hao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, No. 56 Xinjian Nan Lu, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Qing Hua Dong Lu, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Caixia Zheng
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Qing Hua Dong Lu, Beijing, 100083, China.
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11
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Li Z, Wu L, Wang C, Wang Y, He L, Wang Z, Ma X, Bai F, Feng G, Liu J, Jiang Y, Song F. Characterization of pectin methylesterase gene family and its possible role in juice sac granulation in navel orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck). BMC Genomics 2022; 23:185. [PMID: 35249536 PMCID: PMC8900419 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08411-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Citrus is one of the most important fresh fruit crops worldwide. Juice sac granulation is a physiological disorder, which leads to a reduction in soluble solid concentration, total sugar, and titratable acidity of citrus fruits. Pectin methylesterase (PME) catalyzes the de-methylesterification of homogalacturonans and plays crucial roles in cell wall modification during plant development and fruit ripening. Although PME family has been well investigated in various model plants, little is known regarding the evolutionary property and biological function of PME family genes in citrus. RESULTS In this study, 53 non-redundant PME genes were identified from Citrus sinensis genome, and these PME genes were divided into four clades based on the phylogenetic relationship. Subsequently, bioinformatics analyses of gene structure, conserved domain, chromosome localization, gene duplication, and collinearity were performed on CsPME genes, providing important clues for further research on the functions of CsPME genes. The expression profiles of CsPME genes in response to juice sac granulation and low-temperature stress revealed that CsPME genes were involved in the low temperature-induced juice sac granulation in navel orange fruits. Subcellular localization analysis suggested that CsPME genes were localized on the apoplast, endoplasmic reticulum, plasma membrane, and vacuole membrane. Moreover, yeast one-hybrid screening and dual luciferase activity assay revealed that the transcription factor CsRVE1 directly bound to the promoter of CsPME3 and activated its activity. CONCLUSION In summary, this study conducts a comprehensive analysis of the PME gene family in citrus, and provides a novel insight into the biological functions and regulation patterns of CsPME genes during juice sac granulation of citrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Li
- Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, PR China.,College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Liming Wu
- Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, PR China
| | - Ce Wang
- Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, PR China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Ligang He
- Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, PR China
| | - Zhijing Wang
- Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, PR China
| | - Xiaofang Ma
- Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, PR China
| | - Fuxi Bai
- Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, PR China
| | - Guizhi Feng
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Jihong Liu
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Yingchun Jiang
- Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, PR China.
| | - Fang Song
- Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, PR China.
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12
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Wu HC, Yu SY, Wang YD, Jinn TL. Guard Cell-Specific Pectin METHYLESTERASE53 Is Required for Abscisic Acid-Mediated Stomatal Function and Heat Response in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:836151. [PMID: 35265095 PMCID: PMC8898962 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.836151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Pectin is a major component of the plant cell wall, forming a network that contributes to cell wall integrity and flexibility. Pectin methylesterase (PME) catalyzes the removal of methylester groups from the homogalacturonan backbone, the most abundant pectic polymer, and contributes to intercellular adhesion during plant development and different environmental stimuli stress. In this study, we identified and characterized an Arabidopsis type-II PME, PME53, which encodes a cell wall deposited protein and may be involved in the stomatal lineage pathway and stomatal functions. We demonstrated that PME53 is expressed explicitly in guard cells as an abscisic acid (ABA)-regulated gene required for stomatal movement and thermotolerance. The expression of PME53 is significantly affected by the stomatal differentiation factors SCRM and MUTE. The null mutation in PME53 results in a significant increase in stomatal number and susceptibility to ABA-induced stomatal closure. During heat stress, the pme53 mutant highly altered the activity of PME and significantly lowered the expression level of the calmodulin AtCaM3, indicating that PME53 may be involved in Ca2+-pectate reconstitution to render plant thermotolerance. Here, we present evidence that the PME53-mediated de-methylesterification status of pectin is directed toward stomatal development, movement, and regulation of the flexibility of the guard cell wall required for the heat response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chen Wu
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National University of Tainan, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yu Yu
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Da Wang
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Luo Jinn
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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13
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Hasegawa K, Kamada S, Takehara S, Takeuchi H, Nakamura A, Satoh S, Iwai H. Rice Putative Pectin Methyltransferase Gene OsPMT10 Is Required for Maintaining the Cell Wall Properties of Pistil Transmitting Tissues via Pectin Modification. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:1902-1911. [PMID: 34057184 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Precise directional control of pollen tube growth via mechanical guidance by pistil tissue is critical for the successful fertilization of flowering plants and requires active cell-to-cell communication and maintenance of softness in the transmitting tissue. However, the regulation of transmitting tissue softness as controlled by cell wall properties, especially pectin, has not been reported. Here we report that regulation of pectin methylesterification supports pollen elongation through pistil transmitting tissues in Oryza sativa. The rice pectin methylesterase gene OsPMT10 was strongly expressed in reproductive tissues, especially the pistil. The ospmt10 mutant did not have a significant effect on vegetative growth, but the fertility rate was reduced by approximately half. In the ospmt10 mutant, pollen tube elongation was observed in the transmitting tissue of the style, but approximately half of the pollen tubes did not extend all the way to the ovule. Tissue cross-sections of the upper ovary were prepared, and immunohistochemical staining using LM19 and LM20 showed that methylesterified pectin distribution was decreased in ospmt10 compared with the wild type. The decreased expression of methylesterified pectins in ospmt10 may have resulted in loss of fluidity in the apoplast space of the transmitting tissue, rendering it difficult for the pollen tube to elongate in the transmitting tissue and thereby preventing it from reaching the ovule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Hasegawa
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Shihomi Kamada
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Shohei Takehara
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Haruki Takeuchi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Atsuko Nakamura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Shinobu Satoh
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Iwai
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
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14
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Wang L, Gao Y, Wang S, Zhang Q, Yang S. Genome-wide identification of PME genes, evolution and expression analyses in soybean (Glycine max L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:578. [PMID: 34872520 PMCID: PMC8647493 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03355-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pectin methylesterase (PME) is one of pectin-modifying enzyme that affects the pectin homeostasis in cell wall and regulates plant growth and diverse biological processes. The PME genes have been well explored and characterized in different plants. Nevertheless, systematic research on the soybean (Glycine max L.) PME genes remain lacking. RESULTS We identified 127 Glycine max PME genes (GmPME) from the soybean Wm82.a2.v1 genome, which unevenly distributed on 20 soybean chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis classified the GmPME genes into four clades (Group I, Group II, Group III and Group IV). GmPME gene members in the same clades displayed similar gene structures and motif patterns. The gene family expansion analysis demonstrated that segmental duplication was the major driving force to acquire novel GmPME genes compared to the tandem duplication events. Further synteny and evolution analyses showed that the GmPME gene family experienced strong purifying selective pressures during evolution. The cis-element analyses together with the expression patterns of the GmPME genes in various tissues suggested that the GmPME genes broadly participate in distinct biological processes and regulate soybean developments. Importantly, based on the transcriptome data and quantitative RT-PCR validations, we examined the potential roles of the GmPME genes in regulating soybean flower bud development and seed germination. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we provided a comprehensive characterization of the PME genes in soybean, and our work laid a foundation for the functional study of GmPME genes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Soybean Research Institute, National Center for Soybean, Key Improvement Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture), State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Yingqi Gao
- Soybean Research Institute, National Center for Soybean, Key Improvement Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture), State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Songming Wang
- Soybean Research Institute, National Center for Soybean, Key Improvement Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture), State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Qiqi Zhang
- Soybean Research Institute, National Center for Soybean, Key Improvement Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture), State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Shouping Yang
- Soybean Research Institute, National Center for Soybean, Key Improvement Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture), State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
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15
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McCubbin TJ, Braun DM. Phloem anatomy and function as shaped by the cell wall. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 266:153526. [PMID: 34555540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The partitioning of assimilated carbon is a complex process that involves the loading, long-distance transport, and subsequent unloading of carbohydrates from source to sink tissues. The network of plumbing that facilitates this coordinated process is the phloem tissue. Our understanding of the physiology of phloem transport has grown tremendously since the modern theory of mass flow was first put forward, aided by the concomitant progress of technology and experimental methodologies. Recent findings have put a renewed emphasis on the underlying anatomy of the phloem, and in particular the important role that cell walls play in enabling the high-pressure flow of photoassimilates through the sieve element. This review will briefly summarize the foundational work in phloem anatomy and highlight recent work exploring the physiology of phloem cell wall structure and mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J McCubbin
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, The Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri,Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - David M Braun
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, The Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri,Columbia, MO, 65211, USA; Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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16
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Kim YJ, Jeong HY, Kang SY, Silva J, Kim EJ, Park SK, Jung KH, Lee C. Physiological Importance of Pectin Modifying Genes During Rice Pollen Development. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4840. [PMID: 32650624 PMCID: PMC7402328 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although cell wall dynamics, particularly modification of homogalacturonan (HGA, a major component of pectin) during pollen tube growth, have been extensively studied in dicot plants, little is known about how modification of the pollen tube cell wall regulates growth in monocot plants. In this study, we assessed the role of HGA modification during elongation of the rice pollen tube by adding a pectin methylesterase (PME) enzyme or a PME-inhibiting catechin extract (Polyphenon 60) to in vitro germination medium. Both treatments led to a severe decrease in the pollen germination rate and elongation. Furthermore, using monoclonal antibodies toward methyl-esterified and de-esterified HGA epitopes, it was found that exogenous treatment of PME and Polyphenon 60 resulted in the disruption of the distribution patterns of low- and high-methylesterified pectins upon pollen germination and during pollen tube elongation. Eleven PMEs and 13 PME inhibitors (PMEIs) were identified by publicly available transcriptome datasets and their specific expression was validated by qRT-PCR. Enzyme activity assays and subcellular localization using a heterologous expression system in tobacco leaves demonstrated that some of the pollen-specific PMEs and PMEIs possessed distinct enzymatic activities and targeted either the cell wall or other compartments. Taken together, our findings are the first line of evidence showing the essentiality of HGA methyl-esterification status during the germination and elongation of pollen tubes in rice, which is primarily governed by the fine-tuning of PME and PMEI activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (Y.-J.K.); (S.-Y.K.); (J.S.); (E.-J.K.)
| | - Ho Young Jeong
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea;
| | - Seung-Yeon Kang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (Y.-J.K.); (S.-Y.K.); (J.S.); (E.-J.K.)
| | - Jeniffer Silva
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (Y.-J.K.); (S.-Y.K.); (J.S.); (E.-J.K.)
| | - Eui-Jung Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (Y.-J.K.); (S.-Y.K.); (J.S.); (E.-J.K.)
| | - Soon Ki Park
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Ki-Hong Jung
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (Y.-J.K.); (S.-Y.K.); (J.S.); (E.-J.K.)
| | - Chanhui Lee
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea;
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17
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Wen B, Zhang F, Wu X, Li H. Characterization of the Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum) Pectin Methylesterases: Evolution, Activity of Isoforms and Expression During Fruit Ripening. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:238. [PMID: 32194610 PMCID: PMC7063471 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Pectin methylesterase (PME, EC 3.1.1.11) is a hydrolytic enzyme of pectin that plays multiple roles in different plant development processes and responses to biotic stress. To characterize the molecular evolution and functional divergence of the PME gene family, a genome-wide analysis of the PME gene family in the tomato was performed. In total, 57 non-redundant PME genes were identified, and these PME genes were divided into five groups based on their phylogeneny; their classification was supported by similar gene structures and domain distributions. The PME genes were found to be unevenly distributed among 12 chromosomes of the tomato. In addition, 11 segmental duplication and 11 tandem duplication events occurred in these PME genes, implying that both contributed to the expansion of the tomato PME gene family. Non-synonymous/synonymous mutation ratio analysis revealed that positive selection played a key role in the functional divergence of PME genes. Interspecific collinear analysis indicated a large divergence in the PME gene family after the divergence of monocot and dicot plants in ancient times. Gene expression pattern analysis suggested that PMEs plays roles in the different parts of the tomato plant, including the fruit. Three newly identified candidate genes (Solyc03g083360, Solyc07g071600, and Solyc12g098340) may have functions during fruit ripening. Immunoassays suggested that the tomato isoform PE1 and PE2 may change pectin structure at cell junctions, which could be associated with fruit softening. In addition, our analysis indicate that two undescribed PE isoforms might be active in leaves and fruits. This study increases our understanding of the PME gene family in the tomato and may facilitate further functional analyses to elucidate PME function, especially during fruit ripening.
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Xue C, Guan SC, Chen JQ, Wen CJ, Cai JF, Chen X. Genome wide identification and functional characterization of strawberry pectin methylesterases related to fruit softening. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:13. [PMID: 31914938 PMCID: PMC6950920 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2225-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pectin methylesterase (PME) is a hydrolytic enzyme that catalyzes the demethylesterification of homogalacturonans and controls pectin reconstruction, being essential in regulation of cell wall modification. During fruit ripening stage, PME-mediated cell wall remodeling is an important process to determine fruit firmness and softening. Strawberry fruit is a soft fruit with a short postharvest life, due to a rapid loss of firm texture. Hence, preharvest improvement of strawberry fruit rigidity is a prerequisite for extension of fruit refreshing time. Although PME has been well characterized in model plants, knowledge regarding the functionality and evolutionary property of PME gene family in strawberry remain limited. RESULTS A total of 54 PME genes (FvPMEs) were identified in woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca 'Hawaii 4'). Phylogeny and gene structure analysis divided these FvPME genes into four groups (Group 1-4). Duplicate events analysis suggested that tandem and dispersed duplications effectively contributed to the expansion of the PME family in strawberry. Through transcriptome analysis, we identified FvPME38 and FvPME39 as the most abundant-expressed PMEs at fruit ripening stages, and they were positively regulated by abscisic acid. Genetic manipulation of FvPME38 and FvPME39 by overexpression and RNAi-silencing significantly influences the fruit firmness, pectin content and cell wall structure, indicating a requirement of PME for strawberry fruit softening. CONCLUSION Our study globally analyzed strawberry pectin methylesterases by the approaches of phylogenetics, evolutionary prediction and genetic analysis. We verified the essential role of FvPME38 and FvPME39 in regulation of strawberry fruit softening process, which provided a guide for improving strawberry fruit firmness by modifying PME level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xue
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Si-Cong Guan
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jian-Qing Chen
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Chen-Jin Wen
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jian-Fa Cai
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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19
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Ren A, Ahmed RI, Chen H, Han L, Sun J, Ding A, Guo Y, Kong Y. Genome-Wide Identification, Characterization and Expression Patterns of the Pectin Methylesterase Inhibitor Genes in Sorghum bicolor. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E755. [PMID: 31561536 PMCID: PMC6826626 DOI: 10.3390/genes10100755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell walls are basically complex with dynamic structures that are being involved in several growth and developmental processes, as well as responses to environmental stresses and the defense mechanism. Pectin is secreted into the cell wall in a highly methylesterified form. It is able to perform function after the de-methylesterification by pectin methylesterase (PME). Whereas, the pectin methylesterase inhibitor (PMEI) plays a key role in plant cell wall modification through inhibiting the PME activity. It provides pectin with different levels of degree of methylesterification to affect the cell wall structures and properties. The PME activity was analyzed in six tissues of Sorghum bicolor, and found a high level in the leaf and leaf sheath. PMEI families have been identified in many plant species. Here, a total of 55 pectin methylesterase inhibitor genes (PMEIs) were identified from S. bicolor whole genome, a more detailed annotation of this crop plant as compared to the previous study. Chromosomal localization, gene structures and sequence characterization of the PMEI family were analyzed. Moreover, cis-acting elements analysis revealed that each PMEI gene was regulated by both internal and environmental factors. The expression patterns of each PMEI gene were also clustered according to expression pattern analyzed in 47 tissues under different developmental stages. Furthermore, some SbPMEIs were induced when treated with hormonal and abiotic stress. Taken together, these results laid a strong foundation for further study of the functions of SbPMEIs and pectin modification during plant growth and stress responses of cereal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angyan Ren
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Rana Imtiaz Ahmed
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
- Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad 38850, Pakistan.
| | - Huanyu Chen
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shijiazhuang 050021, China.
| | - Linhe Han
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Jinhao Sun
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Anming Ding
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Yongfeng Guo
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Yingzhen Kong
- College of Agronomy of Qing Dao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266108, China.
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Wang L, Yin Y, Wang LF, Wang M, Zhao M, Tian Y, Li YF. Transcriptome Profiling of the Elongating Internode of Cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) Seedlings in Response to Mepiquat Chloride. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1751. [PMID: 32047505 PMCID: PMC6997534 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The plant growth retardant mepiquat chloride (MC) has been extensively used to produce compact plant canopies and increase yield in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Previous studies showed that MC reduced plant height and internode length by inhibiting GA biosynthesis and cell elongation. However, whether there are other molecular mechanisms underlying MC-induced growth retardation has remained largely unknown. In the present study, we conducted histological, transcriptomic, and phytohormone analyses of the second elongating internodes of cotton seedlings treated with MC. Histological analysis revealed that the MC shortened the internodes through suppressing both cell division and cell elongation. Consistent with the observed phenotype, many genes related to cell growth were significantly downregulated by MC. Transcriptome profiling showed that the expression of genes related not only to GA, but also to auxin, brassinosteroid (BR), and ethylene metabolism and signaling was remarkably suppressed, whereas that of genes related to cytokinin (CK) and abscisic acid (ABA) metabolism was induced by MC. Consistent with the expression pattern, significant decrease of endogenous GA, auxin, and BR content, but an increase in CK content was observed after MC treatment. Most of these hormone related genes displayed opposite regulation pattern by exogenous GA3 treatment compared to MC; simultaneous application of MC and GA3 could alleviate the genes expression changes induced by MC treatment, indicating MC does not directly affect other plant hormones, but through the inhibition of the GA biosynthesis. In addition, the expression of genes related to secondary metabolism and many transcription factors (TFs) were differentially regulated by MC. In summary, we confirmed the important role of GA in MC-induced growth inhibition of cotton, and further found that other hormones were also involved in this process in a GA-dependent manner. This study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanism underlying the MC-mediated inhibition of internode elongation in cotton seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- *Correspondence: Yong-Fang Li, ; Li Wang,
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21
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Wu HC, Bulgakov VP, Jinn TL. Pectin Methylesterases: Cell Wall Remodeling Proteins Are Required for Plant Response to Heat Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1612. [PMID: 30459794 PMCID: PMC6232315 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) is expected to be of increasing worldwide concern in the near future, especially with regard to crop yield and quality as a consequence of rising or varying temperatures as a result of global climate change. HS response (HSR) is a highly conserved mechanism among different organisms but shows remarkable complexity and unique features in plants. The transcriptional regulation of HSR is controlled by HS transcription factors (HSFs) which allow the activation of HS-responsive genes, among which HS proteins (HSPs) are best characterized. Cell wall remodeling constitutes an important component of plant responses to HS to maintain overall function and growth; however, little is known about the connection between cell wall remodeling and HSR. Pectin controls cell wall porosity and has been shown to exhibit structural variation during plant growth and in response to HS. Pectin methylesterases (PMEs) are present in multigene families and encode isoforms with different action patterns by removal of methyl esters to influencing the properties of cell wall. We aimed to elucidate how plant cell walls respond to certain environmental cues through cell wall-modifying proteins in connection with modifications in cell wall machinery. An overview of recent findings shed light on PMEs contribute to a change in cell-wall composition/structure. The fine-scale modulation of apoplastic calcium ions (Ca2+) content could be mediated by PMEs in response to abiotic stress for both the assembly and disassembly of the pectic network. In particular, this modulation is prevalent in guard cell walls for regulating cell wall plasticity as well as stromal aperture size, which comprise critical determinants of plant adaptation to HS. These insights provide a foundation for further research to reveal details of the cell wall machinery and stress-responsive factors to provide targets and strategies to facilitate plant adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chen Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National University of Tainan, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Victor P. Bulgakov
- Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Tsung-Luo Jinn
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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22
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Jeong HY, Nguyen HP, Eom SH, Lee C. Integrative analysis of pectin methylesterase (PME) and PME inhibitors in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum): Identification, tissue-specific expression, and biochemical characterization. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 132:557-565. [PMID: 30326434 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although previous studies have demonstrated that the degree of demethylesterification of pectin polysaccharides is modulated during tomato fruit ripening, its involvement in vegetative organ development has been seldom investigated. As a first step in understanding the importance of pectin modification during vegetative stages, we used chemical, biochemical, and molecular approaches to analyze PMEs and PMEIs in tomato plants. We found that tomato cell walls isolated from vegetative tissues as well as the fruit contain substantial quantities of pectin, and different degrees of methylesterification were evident in different tissues. Our chemical study was further substantiated by immunolocalization analysis, which showed that selective removal of pectin-bound methyl groups is required for proper organ development and growth. In the tomato genome, there exists 79 PMEs and 48 PMEIs with temporally and spatially regulated expression. As a case study, we showed that two tomato PMEIs (SolycPMEI13 and SolycPMEI14) exhibited PMEI activities. This is the first report regarding the genome-wide identification and expression profiling of PME/PMEIs in tomato and the first chemical evidence of the differential degrees of pectin methylesterification in vegetative and reproductive tissues. Taken together, our findings provide an important tool to unravel the molecular and physiological functions of tomato PME and PMEI in further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Young Jeong
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, South Korea
| | - Hong Phuong Nguyen
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, South Korea
| | - Seok Hyun Eom
- Department of Horticultural Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, South Korea.
| | - Chanhui Lee
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, South Korea; Department of Plant and Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, South Korea.
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23
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Chen J, Chen X, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Ou X, An L, Feng H, Zhao Z. A cold-induced pectin methyl-esterase inhibitor gene contributes negatively to freezing tolerance but positively to salt tolerance in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 222:67-78. [PMID: 29407551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plant pectin methyl-esterase (PME) and PME inhibitor (PMEI) belong to large gene families whose members are proposed to be widely involved in growth, development, and stress responses; however, the biological functions of most PMEs and PMEIs have not been characterized. In this study, we studied the roles of CbPMEI1, a cold-induced pectin methyl-esterase inhibitor (PMEI) gene from Chorispora bungeana, under freezing and salt stress. The putative CbPMEI1 peptide shares highest similarity (83%) with AT5G62360 (PMEI13) of Arabidopsis. Overexpression of either CbPMEI1 or PMEI13 in Arabidopsis decreased tissue PME activity and enhanced the degree of methoxylation of cell wall pectins, indicating that both genes encode functional PMEIs. CbPMEI1 and PMEI13 were induced by cold but repressed by salt stress and abscisic acid, suggesting distinct roles of the genes in freezing and salt stress tolerance. Interestingly, transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing CbPMEI1 or PMEI13 showed decreased freezing tolerance, as indicated by survival and electrolyte leakage assays. On the other hand, the salt tolerance of transgenic plants was increased, showing higher rates of germination, root growth, and survival under salinity conditions as compared with non-transgenic wild-type plants. Although the transgenic plants were freezing-sensitive, they showed longer roots than wild-type plants under cold conditions, suggesting a role of PMEs in balancing the trade-off between freezing tolerance and growth. Thus, our study indicates that CbPMEI1 and PMEI13 are involved in root growth regulation under cold and salt stresses, and suggests that PMEIs may be potential targets for genetic engineering aimed to improve fitness of plants under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xuehui Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qingfeng Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yidan Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiangli Ou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lizhe An
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Huyuan Feng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Zhiguang Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Landi S, Hausman JF, Guerriero G, Esposito S. Poaceae vs. Abiotic Stress: Focus on Drought and Salt Stress, Recent Insights and Perspectives. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1214. [PMID: 28744298 PMCID: PMC5504180 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Poaceae represent the most important group of crops susceptible to abiotic stress. This large family of monocotyledonous plants, commonly known as grasses, counts several important cultivated species, namely wheat (Triticum aestivum), rice (Oryza sativa), maize (Zea mays), and barley (Hordeum vulgare). These crops, notably, show different behaviors under abiotic stress conditions: wheat and rice are considered sensitive, showing serious yield reduction upon water scarcity and soil salinity, while barley presents a natural drought and salt tolerance. During the green revolution (1940-1960), cereal breeding was very successful in developing high-yield crops varieties; however, these cultivars were maximized for highest yield under optimal conditions, and did not present suitable traits for tolerance under unfavorable conditions. The improvement of crop abiotic stress tolerance requires a deep knowledge of the phenomena underlying tolerance, to devise novel approaches and decipher the key components of agricultural production systems. Approaches to improve food production combining both enhanced water use efficiency (WUE) and acceptable yields are critical to create a sustainable agriculture in the future. This paper analyzes the latest results on abiotic stress tolerance in Poaceae. In particular, the focus will be directed toward various aspects of water deprivation and salinity response efficiency in Poaceae. Aspects related to cell wall metabolism will be covered, given the importance of the plant cell wall in sensing environmental constraints and in mediating a response; the role of silicon (Si), an important element for monocots' normal growth and development, will also be discussed, since it activates a broad-spectrum response to different exogenous stresses. Perspectives valorizing studies on landraces conclude the survey, as they help identify key traits for breeding purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Landi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”Napoli, Italy
| | - Jean-Francois Hausman
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and TechnologyEsch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Gea Guerriero
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and TechnologyEsch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Sergio Esposito
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”Napoli, Italy
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Nguyen HP, Jeong HY, Jeon SH, Kim D, Lee C. Rice pectin methylesterase inhibitor28 (OsPMEI28) encodes a functional PMEI and its overexpression results in a dwarf phenotype through increased pectin methylesterification levels. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 208:17-25. [PMID: 27889517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Pectin methylesterases (PMEs, EC 3.1.1.11) belonging to carbohydrate esterase family 8 cleave the ester bond between a galacturonic acid and an methyl group and the resulting change in methylesterification level plays an important role during the growth and development of plants. Optimal pectin methylesterification status in each cell type is determined by the balance between PME activity and post-translational PME inhibition by PME inhibitors (PMEIs). Rice contains 49 PMEIs and none of them are functionally characterized. Genomic sequence analysis led to the identification of rice PMEI28 (OsPMEI28). Recombinant OsPMEI28 exhibited inhibitory activity against commercial PME protein with the highest activities detected at pH 8.5. Overexpression of OsPMEI28 in rice resulted in an increased level of cell wall bound methylester groups and differential changes in the composition of cell wall neutral monosaccharides and lignin content in culm tissues. Consequently, transgenic plants overexpressing OsPMEI28 exhibited dwarf phenotypes and reduced culm diameter. Our data indicate that OsPMEI28 functions as a critical structural modulator by regulating the degree of pectin methylesterification and that an impaired status of pectin methylesterification affects physiochemical properties of the cell wall components and causes abnormal cell extensibility in rice culm tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Phuong Nguyen
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Young Jeong
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ho Jeon
- Seed Research Center, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju-Si 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyuk Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanhui Lee
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Plant and Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Li W, Shang H, Ge Q, Zou C, Cai J, Wang D, Fan S, Zhang Z, Deng X, Tan Y, Song W, Li P, Koffi PK, Jamshed M, Lu Q, Gong W, Li J, Shi Y, Chen T, Gong J, Liu A, Yuan Y. Genome-wide identification, phylogeny, and expression analysis of pectin methylesterases reveal their major role in cotton fiber development. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:1000. [PMID: 27927181 PMCID: PMC5142323 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3365-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pectin methylesterase (PME, EC 3.1.1.11) is a hydrolytic enzyme that utilizes pectin as substrates, and plays a significant role in regulating pectin reconstruction thereby regulating plant growth. Pectin is one of the important components of the plant cell wall, which forms the main structural material of cotton fiber. In this research, cotton genome information was used to identify PMEs. RESULTS We identified 80 (GaPME01-GaPME80) PME genes from diploid G. arboreum (A genome), 78 (GrPME01-GrPME78) PME genes from G. raimondii (D genome), and 135 (GhPME001-GhPME135) PME genes from tetraploid cotton G. hirsutum (AD genome). We further analyzed their gene structure, conserved domain, gene expression, and systematic evolution to lay the foundation for deeper research on the function of PMEs. Phylogenetic data indicated that members from the same species demonstrated relatively high sequence identities and genetic similarities. Analysis of gene structures showed that most of the PMEs genes had 2-3 exons, with a few having a variable number of exons from 4 to 6. There are nearly no differences in the gene structure of PMEs among the three (two diploid and one tetraploid) cotton species. Selective pressure analysis showed that the Ka/Ks value for each of the three cotton species PME families was less than one. CONCLUSION Conserved domain analysis showed that PMEs members had a relatively conserved C-terminal pectinesterase domain (PME) while the N-terminus was less conserved. Moreover, some of the family members contained a pectin methylesterase inhibitor (PMEI) domain. The Ka/Ks ratios suggested that the duplicated PMEs underwent purifying selection after the duplication events. This study provided an important basis for further research on the functions of cotton PMEs. Results from qRT-PCR indicated that the expression level of different PMEs at various fiber developmental stages was different. Moreover, some of the PMEs showed fiber predominant expression in secondary wall thickening indicating tissue-specific expression patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of biological and genetic breeding of cotton, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, College of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Haihong Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of biological and genetic breeding of cotton, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Qun Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of biological and genetic breeding of cotton, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Changsong Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of biological and genetic breeding of cotton, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Juan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of biological and genetic breeding of cotton, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Daojie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, College of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Senmiao Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of biological and genetic breeding of cotton, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of biological and genetic breeding of cotton, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoying Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of biological and genetic breeding of cotton, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Yunna Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of biological and genetic breeding of cotton, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Weiwu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of biological and genetic breeding of cotton, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Pengtao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of biological and genetic breeding of cotton, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Palanga Kibalou Koffi
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of biological and genetic breeding of cotton, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Muhammad Jamshed
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of biological and genetic breeding of cotton, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Quanwei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of biological and genetic breeding of cotton, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Wankui Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of biological and genetic breeding of cotton, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Junwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of biological and genetic breeding of cotton, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Yuzhen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of biological and genetic breeding of cotton, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of biological and genetic breeding of cotton, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Juwu Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of biological and genetic breeding of cotton, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Aiying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of biological and genetic breeding of cotton, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Youlu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of biological and genetic breeding of cotton, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China.
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27
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Nguyen HP, Jeong HY, Kim H, Kim YC, Lee C. Molecular and biochemical characterization of rice pectin methylesterase inhibitors (OsPMEIs). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 101:105-112. [PMID: 26874295 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cell wall modifications such as partial degradation and depolymerization by cell wall hydrolases are normal cellular processes and are required for the functionalities of different cell types. Pectin, one of the major cell wall polysaccharides, is predominantly found in primary cell walls and middle lamellae and is subjected to in muro modification, primarily by cell wall-localized pectin methylesterases (PMEs). Molecular biochemical studies have demonstrated that enzymatic activities of PMEs are governed by multiple pectin methylesterase inhibitors (PMEIs), which consequently control the pectin methylesterification status. Although a few studies in Arabidopsis have shown the importance of this PMEI-mediated regulation in the biophysical properties of cell walls, little is known about the molecular physiological functions of rice PMEIs. We found 49 members of the PMEI family in the rice genome. Analysis of their transcript levels by quantitative real-time PCR and meta expression analysis showed that they are regulated spatially and temporally, as well as in response to diverse stresses. Quantification of cell wall-bound methylesters indicated that the degree of pectin methylesterification is developmentally regulated; in particular, higher PMEI activities were detected in cell wall proteins prepared from young leaves. Furthermore, an activity assay demonstrated that two recombinant OsPMEI proteins (OsPMEI8 and 12) were able to inhibit the enzymatic activity of a commercial PME protein. Subcellular localization indicated that OsPMEI8 is targeted to the middle lamella and OsPMEI12 is localized in the plasma membrane and nucleus. Taken together, our findings provide the first molecular and biochemical evidence for functional characterization of PMEIs in rice growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Phuong Nguyen
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, South Korea
| | - Ho Young Jeong
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, South Korea
| | - Hun Kim
- Center for Eco-Friendly New Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 305-600, South Korea
| | - Young Chang Kim
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong 27709, South Korea.
| | - Chanhui Lee
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, South Korea; Department of Plant and Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, South Korea.
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