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Lin W, Zhang C, Akbar S, Wu S, Yue Y, Wang G, Zhou Y, Powell CA, Yao W, Xu J, Chen B, Zhang M, Bao Y. Characterization and Genome Analysis of Fusarium oxysporum Provides Insights into the Pathogenic Mechanisms of the Pokkah Boeng Disease in China. Microorganisms 2025; 13:573. [PMID: 40142468 PMCID: PMC11944933 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms13030573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2025] [Revised: 02/24/2025] [Accepted: 03/01/2025] [Indexed: 03/28/2025] Open
Abstract
Pokkah Boeng Disease (PBD) is a severe and devastating disease that causes significant damage and yield losses in China. The pathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum is responsible for the rapid onset of top rot symptoms in sugarcane. In this study, we selected a representative strain, BS2-6, to perform morphological observations of colonies and determine pathogenicity. We examined the effects of BS2-6 infestation on the ultrastructure of sugarcane leaves. Moreover, we sequenced the whole genome of BS2-6 and examined the effects of various nitrogen sources and chemical reagents on its growth and pathogenicity. Our results indicate that sugarcane leaves inoculated with BS2-6 quickly succumb to heart leaf and growing rot. Ultrastructural analysis revealed that the surface tissues of the diseased leaves were destroyed with mycelium, and conidia blocked leaf stomata, which ultimately led to the degradation of leaf tissues. Ammoniacal nitrogen significantly promoted mycelial growth, pigment secretion, and the expression of genes related to secondary metabolite synthesis, thereby accelerating the development of PBD. In addition, we found that carbendazim effectively inhibited the growth of BS2-6 at various concentrations. These findings provide important insights for the effective prevention and control of PBD during sugarcane production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Lin
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agric-Biological Resources & Guangxi Key Lab for Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (W.L.); (C.Z.); (S.A.); (S.W.); (Y.Y.); (G.W.); (Y.Z.); (W.Y.); (B.C.)
| | - Chi Zhang
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agric-Biological Resources & Guangxi Key Lab for Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (W.L.); (C.Z.); (S.A.); (S.W.); (Y.Y.); (G.W.); (Y.Z.); (W.Y.); (B.C.)
| | - Sehrish Akbar
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agric-Biological Resources & Guangxi Key Lab for Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (W.L.); (C.Z.); (S.A.); (S.W.); (Y.Y.); (G.W.); (Y.Z.); (W.Y.); (B.C.)
| | - Suyan Wu
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agric-Biological Resources & Guangxi Key Lab for Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (W.L.); (C.Z.); (S.A.); (S.W.); (Y.Y.); (G.W.); (Y.Z.); (W.Y.); (B.C.)
| | - Yabing Yue
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agric-Biological Resources & Guangxi Key Lab for Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (W.L.); (C.Z.); (S.A.); (S.W.); (Y.Y.); (G.W.); (Y.Z.); (W.Y.); (B.C.)
| | - Gege Wang
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agric-Biological Resources & Guangxi Key Lab for Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (W.L.); (C.Z.); (S.A.); (S.W.); (Y.Y.); (G.W.); (Y.Z.); (W.Y.); (B.C.)
| | - Yu Zhou
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agric-Biological Resources & Guangxi Key Lab for Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (W.L.); (C.Z.); (S.A.); (S.W.); (Y.Y.); (G.W.); (Y.Z.); (W.Y.); (B.C.)
| | - Charles A. Powell
- Indian River Research and Education Center-Institute of Food and Agricultura, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA;
| | - Wei Yao
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agric-Biological Resources & Guangxi Key Lab for Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (W.L.); (C.Z.); (S.A.); (S.W.); (Y.Y.); (G.W.); (Y.Z.); (W.Y.); (B.C.)
| | - Jianlong Xu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Baoshan Chen
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agric-Biological Resources & Guangxi Key Lab for Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (W.L.); (C.Z.); (S.A.); (S.W.); (Y.Y.); (G.W.); (Y.Z.); (W.Y.); (B.C.)
| | - Muqing Zhang
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agric-Biological Resources & Guangxi Key Lab for Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (W.L.); (C.Z.); (S.A.); (S.W.); (Y.Y.); (G.W.); (Y.Z.); (W.Y.); (B.C.)
- Indian River Research and Education Center-Institute of Food and Agricultura, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA;
| | - Yixue Bao
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agric-Biological Resources & Guangxi Key Lab for Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (W.L.); (C.Z.); (S.A.); (S.W.); (Y.Y.); (G.W.); (Y.Z.); (W.Y.); (B.C.)
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572024, China
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Xie X, Yang Z, Li D, Liu Z, Li X, Zhu Z. Proteomics analysis revealed the activation and suppression of different host defense components challenged with mango leaf spot pathogen Alternaria alternata. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2025; 25:227. [PMID: 39972448 PMCID: PMC11837451 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-025-06250-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2025] [Indexed: 02/21/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mango is an economically important fruit tree in many regions of the world, but is highly susceptible to mango leaf spot disease, caused by Alternaria species. How to manage this disease has been a challenge and therefore understanding the regulation of host molecular components in response to pathogen infection is necessary. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive proteomic analysis of mango leaves upon inoculation with the leaf spot pathogen A. alternata. RESULTS Determination of enzyme activity revealed a significant accumulation of cell-wall degrading enzymes cellulase and β-Glucosidase in pathogen inoculated mango leaves. A total of 472 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were detected in the proteome data with significant up-regulation of GO terms associated with response to fungus infection. The significantly downregulated proteins during pathogen invasion and colonization were involved in the photosynthesis, phenylpropanoid, flavonoid biosynthesis, and phenylalanine metabolism pathway. The significantly upregulated proteins belonged to tyrosine metabolism and MAPK signalling pathway, signifying their crucial role in host resistance to leaf spot pathogen. CONCLUSION Our finding provide useful data on differential expression of proteins for designing novel management strategies to specifically target mango host defense components to achieve the best control of leaf spot disease in mango.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Xie
- College of Agriculture and Food Engineering, Baise University, Baise, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Mango, Baise, China
| | - Zhengzhou Yang
- College of Agriculture and Food Engineering, Baise University, Baise, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Mango, Baise, China
| | - Dongting Li
- College of Agriculture and Food Engineering, Baise University, Baise, China
- Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zongling Liu
- Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Xi Li
- College of Agriculture and Food Engineering, Baise University, Baise, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Mango, Baise, China
| | - Zhengjie Zhu
- College of Agriculture and Food Engineering, Baise University, Baise, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Mango, Baise, China.
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Wang M, Xiang L, Tang W, Chen X, Li C, Yin C, Mao Z. Apple-arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis confers resistance to Fusarium solani by inducing defense response and elevating nitrogen absorption. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14355. [PMID: 38783519 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Fusarium solani exerts detrimental effects on plant growth, which is one of the reasons for the incidence of apple replant disease. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) enhance plant resistance to Fusarium wilt; however, the mechanism remains poorly understood. Therefore, the present study investigated the symbiosis between apple and AMF and explored the physiology, especially nitrate metabolism, antioxidant defense, and photosynthetic performance, when infected by F. solani. The experiment was carried out with four treatments, namely -AMF - F. solani, -AMF + F. solani, -AMF + F. solani, and + AMF + F. solani. In this study, the -AMF + F. solani treatment increased the activity of enzymes associated with nitrogen metabolism, such as the nitrate and nitrite reductases, in the apple root system. The +AMF + F. solani treatment showed higher antioxidant enzyme activities than the -AMF + F. solani by F. solani infection. The apple seedlings of the +AMF + F. solani treatment decreased reactive oxygen accumulation and reduced the oxidative damages triggered by F. solani infection. The improvement in antioxidant capacity due to the +AMF + F. solani treatment was closely associated with the upregulation of genes related to the antioxidant system. The F. solani infection greatly damaged the photosynthetic process, while the +AMF + F. solani treatment significantly improved it compared to the -AMF + F. solani treatment. In conclusion, the study demonstrated that the apple-AMF symbiosis plays an active role in regulating the resistance against F. solani infection by enhancing defense response and nitrogen metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wang
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration for Silviculture of the Lower Yellow River, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Research Center for Forest Carbon Neutrality Engineering of Shandong Higher Education Institutions, Tai'an, Shandong, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Protection and Security Control of the Lower Yellow River of Shandong Higher Education Institutions, Tai'an, Shandong, PR China
| | - Li Xiang
- College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Weixiao Tang
- College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Xuesen Chen
- College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Chuanrong Li
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration for Silviculture of the Lower Yellow River, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Research Center for Forest Carbon Neutrality Engineering of Shandong Higher Education Institutions, Tai'an, Shandong, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Protection and Security Control of the Lower Yellow River of Shandong Higher Education Institutions, Tai'an, Shandong, PR China
| | - Chengmiao Yin
- College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiquan Mao
- College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
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Bao Y, Lin Z, Yao W, Akbar S, Lin W, Powell CA, Xu J, Zhang M. Integration of Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Profiles Provides Insights into the Influence of Nitrogen on Secondary Metabolism in Fusarium sacchari. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10832. [PMID: 37446015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen availability might play an essential role in plant diseases by enhancing fungal cell growth and influencing the expression of genes required for successful pathogenesis. Nitrogen availability could modulate secondary metabolic pathways as evidenced by the significant differential expression of several core genes involved in mycotoxin biosynthesis and genes encoding polyketide synthase/nonribosomal peptide synthetases, cytochrome P450 and carbohydrate-active enzymes in Fusarium sacchari, grown on different nitrogen sources. A combined analysis was carried out on the transcript and metabolite profiles of regulatory metabolic processes and the virulence of Fusarium sacchari grown on various nitrogen sources. The nitrogen regulation of the gibberellin gene cluster included the metabolic flux and multiple steps of gibberellin synthesis. UHPLC-MS/MS-based metabolome analysis revealed the coordination of these related transcripts and the accumulation of gibberellin metabolites. This integrated analysis allowed us to uncover additional information for a more comprehensive understanding of biological events relevant to fungal secondary metabolic regulation in response to nitrogen availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixue Bao
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agric-Biological Resources & Guangxi Key Lab for Sugarcane Biology & Academy of Sugarcane and Sugar Industry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zhenyue Lin
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agric-Biological Resources & Guangxi Key Lab for Sugarcane Biology & Academy of Sugarcane and Sugar Industry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Wei Yao
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agric-Biological Resources & Guangxi Key Lab for Sugarcane Biology & Academy of Sugarcane and Sugar Industry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Sehrish Akbar
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agric-Biological Resources & Guangxi Key Lab for Sugarcane Biology & Academy of Sugarcane and Sugar Industry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Wenfeng Lin
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agric-Biological Resources & Guangxi Key Lab for Sugarcane Biology & Academy of Sugarcane and Sugar Industry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Charles A Powell
- IFAS Indian River Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA
| | - Jianlong Xu
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572025, China
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Muqing Zhang
- State Key Lab for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agric-Biological Resources & Guangxi Key Lab for Sugarcane Biology & Academy of Sugarcane and Sugar Industry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- IFAS Indian River Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA
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Gallan DZ, Penteriche AB, Henrique MO, Silva-Filho MC. Sugarcane multitrophic interactions: Integrating belowground and aboveground organisms. Genet Mol Biol 2022; 46:e20220163. [PMID: 36512714 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2022-0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugarcane is a crop of major importance used mainly for sugar and biofuel production, and many additional applications of its byproducts are being developed. Sugarcane cultivation is plagued by many insect pests and pathogens that reduce sugarcane yields overall. Recently emerging studies have shown complex multitrophic interactions in cultivated areas, such as the induction of sugarcane defense-related proteins by insect herbivory that function against fungal pathogens that commonly appear after mechanical damage. Fungi and viruses infecting sugarcane also modulate insect behavior, for example, by causing changes in volatile compounds responsible for insect attraction or repelling natural vector enemies via a mechanism that increases pathogen dissemination from infected plants to healthy ones. Interestingly, the fungus Fusarium verticillioides is capable of being vertically transmitted to insect offspring, ensuring its persistence in the field. Understanding multitrophic complexes is important to develop better strategies for controlling pathosystems affecting sugarcane and other important crops and highlights the importance of not only studying binary interactions but also adding as many variables as possible to effectively translate laboratory research to real-life conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Z Gallan
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Departamento de Genética, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Augusto B Penteriche
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Departamento de Genética, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Maressa O Henrique
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Departamento de Genética, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcio C Silva-Filho
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Departamento de Genética, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Yuan Z, Dong F, Pang Z, Fallah N, Zhou Y, Li Z, Hu C. Integrated Metabolomics and Transcriptome Analyses Unveil Pathways Involved in Sugar Content and Rind Color of Two Sugarcane Varieties. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:921536. [PMID: 35783968 PMCID: PMC9244704 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.921536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic composition can have potential impact on several vital agronomic traits, and metabolomics, which represents the bioactive compounds in plant tissues, is widely considered as a powerful approach for linking phenotype-genotype interactions. However, metabolites related to cane traits such as sugar content, rind color, and texture differences in different sugarcane cultivars using metabolome integrated with transcriptome remain largely inconclusive. In this study, metabolome integrated with transcriptome analyses were performed to identify and quantify metabolites composition, and have better insight into the molecular mechanisms underpinning the different cane traits, namely, brix, rind color, and textures in the stems (S) and leaves (L) of sugarcane varieties FN41 and 165402. We also identified metabolites and associated genes in the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, starch and sucrose metabolism. A total of 512 metabolites from 11 classes, with the vast majority (122) belonging to flavonoids were identified. Moreover, the relatively high amount of D-fructose 6-p, D-glucose6-p and glucose1-p detected in FN41L may have been transported and distributed by source and sink of the cane, and a majority of them reached the stem of sugarcane FN41L, thereby promoting the high accumulation of sugar in FN41S. Observations also revealed that genes such as C4H, CHS, F3H, F3'H, DFR, and FG2 in phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways were the major factors impacting the rind color and contrasting texture of FN41 and 165204. Further analysis revealed that weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) hub genes and six transcription factors, namely, Tify and NAC, MYB-related, C2C2-Dof, WRKY, and bHLH play a key role in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism. Additionally, metabolites such as L-phenylalanine, tyrosine, sinapaldehyde, pinobanksin, kaempferin, and nictoflorin were the potential drivers of phenotypic differences. Our finding also demonstrated that genes and metabolites in the starch and sucrose metabolism had a significant effect on cane sugar content. Overall, this study provided valuable insight into the molecular mechanisms underpinning high sugar accumulation and rind color in sugarcane, which we believe is important for future sugarcane breeding programs and the selection of high biomass varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaonian Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Agricultural, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center of Sugar Industry, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Zhaonian Yuan,
| | - Fei Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ziqin Pang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Agricultural, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Nyumah Fallah
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Agricultural, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yongmei Zhou
- College of Agricultural, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Agricultural, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chaohua Hu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Agricultural, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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