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Liu X, Lau CLB, Ding H, Matinlinna JP, Tsoi JKH. Enamel Remineralisation with a Novel Sodium Fluoride-Infused Bristle Toothbrush. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:142. [PMID: 38786540 PMCID: PMC11119043 DOI: 10.3390/dj12050142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate whether toothbrushes with fluoride-infused bristles have any (re)mineralisation effects on bovine enamel. Bovine incisors (N = 160) were extracted, and the buccal side of the crown was cut into dimensions of ~5 mm × 5 mm with a low-speed saw. These specimens were randomly allocated into four groups: half (80 teeth) were stored in demineralising solution (DM), and the other half were stored in deionised water (DW) for 96 h. Then, they were brushed with a force of 2.0 ± 0.1 N for five min with a manual toothbrush with either fluoride-infused (TF) or regular (TR) bristles. Microhardness (Vickers), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to investigate the surfaces of the bovine enamel specimens before and after brushing. Two-way ANOVA was used to analyse the hardness data, and the pairwise comparison method was used to analyse the Ca/P ratio, for each group at α = 0.05. The results show that brushing with either of these toothbrushes increased the Vickers microhardness on DM and DW enamel (p < 0.001), whereas hydroxyapatite was revealed in all groups by XRD. The DM samples showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the Ca/P ratios after brushing with TR and TF. Conversely, under DW conditions, these ratios decreased significantly after brushing. In terms of the F atomic%, TF increased significantly. SEM revealed mineral deposition in the DM groups after toothbrushing. To conclude, toothbrushing effectively induces the microhardness of sound and demineralised enamel, while fluoride-infused bristles might be able to retain fluoride on the enamel surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300041, China
- Dental Materials Science, Applied and Oral Science and Community Oral Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (H.D.); (J.P.M.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin 300041, China
| | - Chun Lok Bryan Lau
- Dental Materials Science, Applied and Oral Science and Community Oral Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (H.D.); (J.P.M.)
| | - Hao Ding
- Dental Materials Science, Applied and Oral Science and Community Oral Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (H.D.); (J.P.M.)
| | - Jukka Pekka Matinlinna
- Dental Materials Science, Applied and Oral Science and Community Oral Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (H.D.); (J.P.M.)
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - James K. H. Tsoi
- Dental Materials Science, Applied and Oral Science and Community Oral Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (H.D.); (J.P.M.)
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Ding H, Yang Y, Li X, Cheung GSP, Matinlinna JP, Burrow M, Tsoi JKH. A simple AI-enabled method for quantifying bacterial adhesion on dental materials. Biomater Investig Dent 2022; 9:75-83. [PMID: 36081491 PMCID: PMC9448434 DOI: 10.1080/26415275.2022.2114479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ding
- Dental Materials Science, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Yunzhen Yang
- Dental Materials Science, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Xin Li
- Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- Department of Stomatology Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen, China
| | - Gary Shun-Pan Cheung
- Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Jukka Pekka Matinlinna
- Dental Materials Science, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Michael Burrow
- Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - James Kit-Hon Tsoi
- Dental Materials Science, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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Surface Characterization, Antimicrobial Activity, and Biocompatibility of Autopolymerizing Acrylic Resins Coated with Reynoutria elliptica Extract. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9101292. [PMID: 33003649 PMCID: PMC7600974 DOI: 10.3390/plants9101292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We conducted surface characterization to assess the biocompatibility and investigate the antimicrobial activity against oral pathogens in autopolymerizing acrylic resins, coated with light-curable coating resin, containing various concentrations of Reynoutria elliptica extract (0, 200, 400, and 600 µg/mL). The R. elliptica extract powder was prepared using a freeze-drying technique. Further, a goniometer and microhardness tester were used to determine the water contact angle, and Vickers hardness, respectively; color measurements were performed on the uncoated and coated acrylic resin disks. The polyphenol content of the extracts from the coated acrylic resin disk was analyzed using UV-VIS spectroscopy. The antimicrobial activity of the coated acrylic resin disk against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans was observed for 24 and 48 h by measuring the optical density using spectrophotometry. In addition, biocompatibility was confirmed by testing the cell viability according to ISO 10993-5. The water contact angle, Vickers hardness, and color change values of the coated acrylic resin disks were not significantly different from the control. Polyphenol was detected in all experimental groups, with no significant differences between the experimental groups. The experimental groups exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against S. mutans and C. albicans compared to the control group, after 48 h of incubation. The cell viability between the control and experimental groups was not significantly different. The proposed coating resin containing R. elliptica extract is applicable on dental acrylic resins, due to their antimicrobial properties and excellent biocompatibility, with no deterioration of surface characteristics.
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Li X, Tsui KH, Tsoi JKH, Green DW, Jin XZ, Deng YQ, Zhu YM, Li XG, Fan Z, Cheung GSP. A nanostructured anti-biofilm surface widens the efficacy against spindle-shaped and chain-forming rod-like bacteria. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:18864-18874. [PMID: 32897280 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr03809a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Current control of pathogenic bacteria at all biomaterial interfaces is poorly attuned to a broad range of disease-causing pathogens. Leading antimicrobial surface functionalization strategies with antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), defensins, have not shown their promised efficacy. One of the main problems is the lack of stability and swift clearance from the surface. Surface nanotopography bearing sharp protrusions is a non-chemical solution that is intrinsically stable and long-lasting. Previously, the geometrically ordered arrays of nanotipped spines repelled or rapidly ruptured bacteria that come into contact. The killing properties so far work on cocci and rod-like bacteria, but there is no validation of the efficacy of protrusional surfaces on pathogenic bacteria with different sizes and morphologies, thus broadening the utility of such surfaces to cover increasingly more disease entities. Here, we report a synthetic analogue of nanotipped spines with a pyramidal shape that show great effectiveness on species of bacteria with strongly contrasting shapes and sizes. To highlight this phenomenon in the field of dental applications where selective bacterial control is vital to the clinical success of biomaterial functions, we modified the poly(methyl)-methacrylate (PMMA) texture and tested it against Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum. These nanopyramids performed effectively at levels well above those of normal and roughened PMMA biomaterials for dentistry and a model material for general use in medicine and disease transmission in hospital environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Division of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, PPDH 34 Hospital Road, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Cervino G, Cicciù M, Herford AS, Germanà A, Fiorillo L. Biological and Chemo-Physical Features of Denture Resins. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E3350. [PMID: 32731445 PMCID: PMC7435594 DOI: 10.3390/ma13153350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In the dental field, the study of materials has always been the basis of the clinical practice. Over the years, with the evolution of materials, it has been possible to produce safe and predictable prosthetic devices, with ever better aesthetic features, biocompatibility and patient satisfaction. This review briefly analyzes the features of dental resin materials to underline the biological, microbiological and chemo-physical characteristics. The main aim of prosthodontics is to rehabilitate patients and therefore improve their quality of life. Dental resins are the main materials used for the production of dentures. Once solidified, these polymers have different mechanical or surface characteristics. The results of the literature on these characteristics were analyzed and some new brand dental resins, known as modern resin, were subsequently evaluated. The new materials are undoubtedly a step forward in the creation of dental prostheses, and also in all subsequent maintenance phases. This review shows how changing the chemical structure of the resins could have microbiological influences on the growth and management of the biofilm, and also physical influences in terms of its mechanical characteristics. The development of new materials is a constant goal in dentistry in order to obtain increasingly predictable rehabilitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Cervino
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Policlinico G. Martino, Via Consolare Valeria, 98100 Messina, Italy; (G.C.); (L.F.)
| | - Marco Cicciù
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Policlinico G. Martino, Via Consolare Valeria, 98100 Messina, Italy; (G.C.); (L.F.)
| | - Alan Scott Herford
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA;
| | - Antonino Germanà
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy;
| | - Luca Fiorillo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Policlinico G. Martino, Via Consolare Valeria, 98100 Messina, Italy; (G.C.); (L.F.)
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Chen S, Tsoi JKH, Tsang PCS, Park YJ, Song HJ, Matinlinna JP. Candida albicans aspects of binary titanium alloys for biomedical applications. Regen Biomater 2020; 7:213-220. [PMID: 32296540 PMCID: PMC7147365 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbz052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Titanium and its alloys are widely used in biomedical devices, e.g. implants, due to its biocompatibility and osseointegration ability. In fact, fungal (Candida spp.) infection has been identified as one of the key reasons causing the failure of the device that is inevitable and impactful to the society. Thus, this study evaluated the surface morphology, surface chemical composition and Candida albicans adhesion on specimens of 16 binary Ti-alloys (∼5 wt% of any one of the alloy elements: Ag, Al, Au, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, In, Mn, Mo, Nb, Pd, Pt, Sn, V and Zr) compared with cp-Ti, targeting to seek for the binary Ti-alloys which has the lowest C. albicans infection. Candida albicans cultures were grown on the specimens for 48 h, and colony forming units (CFUs) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to evaluate the biofilm formation ability. Scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy confirmed the formation of C. albicans biofilm on all specimens' surfaces, such that CFU results showed Ti-Mo, Ti-Zr, Ti-Al and Ti-V have less C. albicans formed on the surfaces than cp-Ti. RT-PCR showed Ti-Zr and Ti-Cu have significantly higher C. albicans DNA concentrations than Ti-Al and Ti-V (P < 0.05), whereas Ti-Cu has even showed a statistically higher concentration than Ti-Au, Ti-Co, Ti-In and Ti-Pt (P < 0.05). This study confirmed that Ti-Mo, Ti-Zr, Ti-Al and Ti-V have lower the occurrence of C. albicans which might be clinically advantageous for medical devices, but Ti-Cu should be used in caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyang Chen
- Dental Materials Science, Division of Applied Oral Sciences & Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Prosthodontics, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, No. 75, Dagu Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300041, People's Republic of China
| | - James K H Tsoi
- Dental Materials Science, Division of Applied Oral Sciences & Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peter C S Tsang
- Division of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yeong-Joon Park
- Department of Dental Materials and MRC for Hard-tissue Biointerface, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Jun Song
- Department of Dental Materials and MRC for Hard-tissue Biointerface, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jukka P Matinlinna
- Dental Materials Science, Division of Applied Oral Sciences & Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
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Ng C, Tsoi JKH, Lo ECM, Matinlinna JP. Safety and Design Aspects of Powered Toothbrush-A Narrative Review. Dent J (Basel) 2020; 8:dj8010015. [PMID: 32033270 PMCID: PMC7148448 DOI: 10.3390/dj8010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The powered toothbrush has become a modern dental tool that is available in the supermarket. Indeed, the design of the powered toothbrush, e.g., mechanical and electrical, would affect not only the efficacy but also the safety of the products. This narrative review attempted to view the powered toothbrush from design, safety, and application points with respect to tufts, filaments, handles, mechanics, motions, and materials interactions from various available sources. Different brands and models of powered toothbrushes have their own designs that might affect the clinical outcome. The rotational design was advocated to be clinically more effective than the manual one, some modern models might be designed with vibrational or oscillation (or mixed) tufts head that might be useful in patients with specific needs, such as having xerostomia or for the elderly. To conclude, tuft retention design is important in the powered toothbrush as it contributes significantly to safety as the fallen off tufts, filaments and metal parts might cause injury. Tests revealing the retention force of brush head plates and brush head bristles will be significant references for consumers to determine which design of powered toothbrushes is relatively safer.
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Almeida CENF, Sampaio-Fernandes MMF, Reis-Campos JC, Rocha JMDC, Figueiral da Silva MHG, Sampaio-Fernandes JCA. Image processing as a tool for evaluating denture adhesives removal techniques. COMPUTER METHODS IN BIOMECHANICS AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING: IMAGING & VISUALIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/21681163.2018.1507841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - José Carlos Reis-Campos
- Prosthodontics Department, Dental Medicine Faculty, Oporto University, Porto, Portugal
- Engineering Faculty, LOME/INEGI, Oporto University, Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | - João Carlos Antunes Sampaio-Fernandes
- Prosthodontics Department, Dental Medicine Faculty, Oporto University, Porto, Portugal
- Engineering Faculty, LOME/INEGI, Oporto University, Porto, Portugal
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Effect of Terminalia catappa Linn. on Biofilms of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata and on Changes in Color and Roughness of Acrylic Resin. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:7481341. [PMID: 31360209 PMCID: PMC6642777 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7481341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of the n-butanol fraction of Terminalia catappa Linn., (FBuTC) on biofilm of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata, as well as changes in color and roughness of polymethyl methacrylate resin (PMMA). The susceptibility of C. albicans and C. glabrata to FBuTC was evaluated by means of the Minimum Inhibitory and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MIC and MFC). PMMA acrylic resin discs (N= 108) were fabricated. For the susceptibility tests, biofilms of C. albicans and C. glabrata were developed on discs for 48 h and immersed in phosphate-saline buffer solution (PBS), 1% sodium hypochlorite (SH 1%), or FBuTC at MIC, 5xMIC, or 10xMIC. For the color and roughness change tests, the discs were immersed in distilled water, SH 1%, or FBuTC in the concentrations of 0.25 mg/mL, 2.5 mg/mL, or 25.0 mg/mL. After 28 days of incubation, color change was evaluated by spectrophotometry and roughness, by using a profilometer. The biofilms were investigated by one-way ANOVA and, the color and roughness changes (two-way ANOVA and the Tukey test; α=0.05). For both MIC and MFC the value of 0.25 mg/mL of FBuTC was observed for the planktonic cells of C. albicans and C. glabrata. Exposure to FBuTC at 10xMIC had a significant effect on the biofilm of C. albicans, showing a reduction in cell counts when compared with PBS, (p=0.001). For the biofilm of C. glabrata, the MIC was sufficient for significantly reducing the cell count (p<0.001). No important changes in color and roughness of the acrylic resin were observed, even after 28 days, irrespective of the concentration of FBuTC used (p >0.05). It could be concluded that the immersion of acrylic resin for dental prosthesis in FBuTC was effective in reducing the biofilms of C. albicans and C. glabrata without evidence of change in roughness and color of this substrate.
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Hirasawa M, Tsutsumi-Arai C, Takakusaki K, Oya T, Fueki K, Wakabayashi N. Superhydrophilic co-polymer coatings on denture surfaces reduce Candida albicans adhesion-An in vitro study. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 87:143-150. [PMID: 29291436 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to investigate denture-base-resin coatings prepared with a crosslinkable co-polymer containing sulfobetaine methacrylamide (SBMAm) and the relationship between their surface characteristics and the initial adhesion of Candida albicans (C. albicans). METHODS Acrylic resin discs were coated with co-polymers containing various concentrations of SBMAm and N,N'-(4,7,10-trioxa-1,13-tridecadiamine) diacrylamide (JDA) as crosslinking agent. Uncoated discs were used as controls. An acquired pellicle was formed on each disc using artificial saliva, and the discs were immersed in a suspension of C. albicans (JCM2085) cells. After incubation, tetrazolium salt (XTT-reduction) and colony forming unit (CFU) assays were performed and the morphogenesis of C. albicans was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The surface roughness, film thickness, and the water contact angle of each disc surface were measured. RESULTS All coating groups showed significantly lower amounts of adhered C. albicans in the XTT-reduction and CFU assays than the control, confirmed by the SEM images. Many wrinkle structures were observed on the surfaces coated with co-polymers containing more than 30% SBMAm. There were no significant differences in surface roughness among all groups. The co-polymer films on the coated discs were less than 5.0 μm in thickness, and these surfaces exhibited significantly lower mean water contact angles than the control. CONCLUSION Crosslinkable co-polymers containing SBMAm can enhance the hydrophilicity of the surface of denture-base resins and reduce the initial adhesion of C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Hirasawa
- Department of Removable Partial Prosthodontics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan.
| | - Chiaki Tsutsumi-Arai
- Department of Oral Medicine and Stomatology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3, Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-8501, Japan.
| | - Kensuke Takakusaki
- Department of Removable Partial Prosthodontics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan.
| | - Toyohisa Oya
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratories, Research & Development Management Headquarters, FUJIFILM Corporation, 210, Nakanuma, Minamiashigara-shi, Kanagawa, 250-0193, Japan.
| | - Kenji Fueki
- Department of Removable Partial Prosthodontics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan.
| | - Noriyuki Wakabayashi
- Department of Removable Partial Prosthodontics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan.
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Madeira PLB, Carvalho LT, Paschoal MAB, de Sousa EM, Moffa EB, da Silva MADS, Tavarez RDJR, Gonçalves LM. In vitro Effects of Lemongrass Extract on Candida albicans Biofilms, Human Cells Viability, and Denture Surface. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2016; 6:71. [PMID: 27446818 PMCID: PMC4923188 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether immersion of a denture surface in lemongrass extract (LGE) has effects on C. albicans biofilms, human cell viability and denture surface. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) were performed for LGE against C. albicans. For biofilm analysis, discs were fabricated using a denture acrylic resin with surface roughness standardization. C. albicans biofilms were developed on saliva-coated discs, and the effects of LGE at MIC, 5XMIC, and 10XMIC were investigated during biofilm formation and after biofilm maturation. Biofilms were investigated for cell counting, metabolic activity, and microscopic analysis. The cytotoxicity of different concentrations of LGE to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was analyzed using MTT. The effects of LGE on acrylic resin were verified by measuring changes in roughness, color and flexural strength after 28 days of immersion. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, followed by a Tukey test at a 5% significance level. The minimal concentration of LGE required to inhibit C. albicans growth was 0.625 mg/mL, while MFC was 2.5 mg/mL. The presence of LGE during biofilm development resulted in a reduction of cell counting (p < 0.05), which made the MIC sufficient to reduce approximately 90% of cells (p < 0.0001). The exposure of LGE after biofilm maturation also had a significant antifungal effect at all concentrations (p < 0.05). When compared to the control group, the exposure of PBMC to LGE at MIC resulted in similar viability (p > 0.05). There were no verified differences in color perception, roughness, or flexural strength after immersion in LGE at MIC compared to the control (p > 0.05). It could be concluded that immersion of the denture surface in LGE was effective in reducing C. albicans biofilms with no deleterious effects on acrylic properties at MIC. MIC was also an effective and safe concentration for use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eduardo M de Sousa
- Post-Graduate Program in Parasite Biology, CEUMA University São Luis, Brazil
| | - Eduardo B Moffa
- Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, CEUMA University São Luis, Brazil
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Tsutsumi C, Takakuda K, Wakabayashi N. Reduction of Candida biofilm adhesion by incorporation of prereacted glass ionomer filler in denture base resin. J Dent 2015; 44:37-43. [PMID: 26655872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the influence of surface reaction-type prereacted glass ionomer (S-PRG) fillers on Candida albicans adhesion on denture base resin. METHODS Discs were prepared by incorporating the S-PRG filler into the polymer powder of a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)-based, heat-polymerizing resin at 0 (control), 5%, 10%, and 20% (w/w). The surface roughness of all disc surfaces was measured. Elemental analysis of released Na(+), Sr(2+), SiO3(2-), Al(3-), BO3(3-), and F(-) was performed after water immersion. Each disc was placed in a well with artificial saliva to form acquired pellicle, incubated, washed with phosphate-buffered saline, and immersed in a C. albicans (JCM2085) cell suspension standardized at 10(4) cells/ml. After aerobic incubation at 37 °C for 24 h, the metabolic mitochondrial activity, total biofilm biomass, and biofilm thickness were evaluated. The morphogenetic transition of C. albicans in the early culture stage (1 and 3 h) was observed. RESULTS There was a slight but significant increase in the surface roughness with an increase in the filler content. The metabolic activity and total biomass volume were significantly lower in all filler groups than in the control group, although there were no significant differences among the filler groups. Groups with at least 5% filler content exhibited a thinner biofilm compared with the control group. All filler groups showed hyphal forms at 3 h, with the length of the hyphae being lesser than those in the control group. CONCLUSIONS Although the incorporation of S-PRG filler slightly increases the surface roughness of denture base resin, it reduces the adhesion of C. albicans. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The S-PRG filler has the potential to reduce Candida albicans adhesion on denture base resin and may lower the risk of denture stomatitis. However, filler incorporation can increase the surface roughness of heat-polymerizing denture base resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Tsutsumi
- Department of Removable Partial Prosthodontics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Takakuda
- Medical and Dental Device Technology Incubation Center, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Wakabayashi
- Department of Removable Partial Prosthodontics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.
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